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Vo
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,
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4
,
Dec
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b
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2020
,
p
p
.
569
~
5
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I
SS
N:
2252
-
8938
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DOI
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1
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9
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o
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[
1
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.
C
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t
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lik
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is
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[
2
-
4
]
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Gr
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Ma
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s
[
5
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.
Gr
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Ma
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co
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p
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I
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8938
I
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tell
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
e
m
b
er
20
20
:
5
69
–
5
75
570
th
e
L
o
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n
er
P
r
ize
[
6
]
as
th
e
m
ax
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m
s
p
r
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v
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b
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a
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t
o
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e
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th
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[
7
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.
A
s
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k
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C
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C
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a
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ex
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it
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w
h
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w
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ld
also
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u
n
f
o
r
2
4
h
o
u
r
s
a
d
a
y
an
d
s
ti
ll
b
e
ab
le
to
h
a
v
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le
s
s
m
ar
g
in
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f
m
a
k
i
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g
an
y
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o
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s
.
C
E
S
i
s
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to
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f
f
er
ad
v
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o
n
a
w
id
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g
e
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f
to
p
ics
[
8
]
.
So
m
e
b
asic
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x
a
m
p
les
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f
th
e
ad
v
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ex
p
er
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s
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tio
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t
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cc
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s
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[
9
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,
p
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f
o
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t
d
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d
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n
o
s
i
s
an
d
m
an
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g
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m
e
n
t
[
1
0
-
1
1
]
,
cr
ed
it
s
co
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in
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s
y
s
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m
s
[
1
2
]
o
r
b
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av
io
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m
a
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m
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t
in
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ca
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[
1
3
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4
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Me
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[
1
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au
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m
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[
1
6
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in
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n
co
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s
tr
u
cti
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b
u
s
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es
s
[
1
7
]
an
d
m
an
y
o
th
er
s
.
A
p
ar
t
f
r
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m
o
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f
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ad
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C
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p
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w
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ar
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d
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p
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m
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M
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lin
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p
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t
h
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ta
f
f
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g
r
o
tes [
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
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aim
s
to
d
ev
elo
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a
f
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n
i
n
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C
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w
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h
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p
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f
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to
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t
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th
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s
y
s
te
m
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d
th
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.
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h
e
m
ain
m
o
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to
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h
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g
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T
h
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m
ain
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f
t
h
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s
p
ap
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p
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as
f
o
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s
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Sectio
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p
r
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ter
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VI
Z
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ch
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Sectio
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p
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an
d
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Sectio
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co
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clu
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th
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2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
S
T
h
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p
ap
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ce
p
t
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c
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atter
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ex
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t
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m
ca
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h
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VI
Z
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D.
T
h
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ch
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b
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P
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esti
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ch
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g
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w
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s
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2
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1
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P
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p
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t
s
y
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te
m
s
h
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alled
v
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b
o
t
[
1
9
]
.
A
Ver
b
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(
Ver
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t
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a
ch
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T
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Ver
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D
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o
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t
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ase.
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n
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e
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Fig
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r
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2
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ter
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VI
Z
AR
D,
(
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p
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b
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Nam
e
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t
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m
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o
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t a
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n
s
g
iv
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n
VI
Z
AR
D
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o
li
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h
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ter
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al
r
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r
ce
s
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c
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f
r
o
m
an
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n
te
r
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e
t b
r
o
w
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ter
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al
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r
ex
a
m
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w
h
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n
VI
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AR
D
is
ex
p
lan
in
g
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
to
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as B
at
u
Fer
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er
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e
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ac
t a
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DF
f
ile
o
r
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ce
s
s
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e
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ch
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I
n
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er
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et
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r
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er
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h
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er
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e
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e
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ir
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e
p
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ticu
lar
s
p
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Fig
u
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3
s
h
o
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e
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g
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e
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o
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ile
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d
Fig
u
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4
s
h
o
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t
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m
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le
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o
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ter
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l r
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s
;
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r
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m
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ile.
R
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Fig
u
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3
.
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e
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ter
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l f
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o
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Fig
u
r
e
4
.
E
x
ter
n
al
r
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ce
s
,
(
a)
B
r
o
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en
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(
b
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Fil
e
o
p
en
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
On
ce
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
,
VI
Z
AR
D,
h
as
b
ee
n
co
m
p
le
ted
,
a
u
s
er
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ce
p
tan
ce
t
est
(
U
A
T
)
w
as
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r
r
ied
o
u
t.
VI
Z
AR
D
w
ill
also
b
e
ev
alu
a
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
r
ea
l
is
s
u
e
s
it
is
atte
m
p
t
in
g
t
o
s
o
lv
e,
w
h
ich
ar
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
ch
ed
u
li
n
g
,
as
w
ell
as
s
af
et
y
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
.
3
.
1
.
User
a
cc
ept
a
nce
t
est
T
h
e
UA
T
f
o
r
VI
Z
A
R
D
w
a
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
v
ia
a
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
s
et
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
to
4
0
r
an
d
o
m
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
d
e
m
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
6
7
%
w
er
e
lo
ca
l
s
,
i
n
d
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g
t
h
at
m
o
r
e
n
at
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al
c
itizen
s
ar
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tr
av
elli
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g
to
P
en
a
n
g
as
o
p
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ed
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Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
p
er
ce
n
ta
g
e
o
f
u
s
er
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
to
w
ar
d
s
VI
Z
AR
D
in
ter
m
s
o
f
u
s
e
f
u
ln
es
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
s
h
o
w
ed
t
h
at
m
aj
o
r
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
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s
p
o
n
d
en
ts
h
a
v
e
co
m
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n
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n
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h
at
th
e
VI
Z
AR
D
ex
p
er
t
s
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te
m
s
tan
d
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at
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n
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iased
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n
g
m
o
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ali
g
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o
n
s
u
p
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e
f
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l
n
e
s
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te
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.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
De
m
o
g
r
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h
ic
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n
f
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r
m
atio
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
esu
lts
f
r
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m
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f
o
r
VI
Z
AR
D
c
h
atter
b
o
t
6
7
.
5
%
3
2
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5
%
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c
a
l
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o
re
ig
n
e
r
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1
0
%
1
2
.
5
0
%
3
2
.
5
0
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2
5
%
2
0
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J
A
r
ti
f
I
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tell
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SS
N:
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8938
Th
e
r
o
le
o
f c
h
a
tter
b
o
ts
in
en
h
a
n
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g
t
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)
573
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
ns
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
to
u
r
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s
m
is
s
u
e
s
in
P
en
a
n
g
t
h
at
VI
Z
AR
D
h
a
s
s
o
lv
ed
in
ter
m
s
o
f
d
est
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at
io
n
,
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
,
s
ch
ed
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li
n
g
,
as
w
e
ll a
s
s
af
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y
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d
s
ec
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r
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y
.
3
.
2
.
1
.
Dest
ina
t
io
n
Am
e
n
itie
s
ar
e
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
th
at
ar
e
cr
u
cial
to
b
e
clea
r
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
w
h
e
n
it
co
m
es
to
tr
av
elli
n
g
i
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
u
n
tr
ies.
I
n
to
u
r
is
m
,
a
m
e
n
it
y
i
s
s
aid
to
b
e
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
p
le
asan
tn
e
s
s
an
d
a
g
r
ee
ab
len
ess
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
p
lace
s
th
at
to
u
r
is
ts
w
o
u
ld
s
t
a
y
o
r
v
is
it
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
th
at
P
en
a
n
g
i
s
f
ac
i
n
g
n
o
w
is
t
h
e
lack
o
f
t
h
e
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
a
m
e
n
it
ies
an
d
t
h
e
o
v
er
-
c
h
ar
g
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
a
m
e
n
itie
s
.
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esear
ch
s
h
o
w
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t
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at
t
h
er
e
is
a
lac
k
o
f
s
i
m
p
le
a
m
e
n
itie
s
in
m
a
n
y
lo
ca
tio
n
s
all
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
w
o
r
ld
.
A
n
o
tab
le
ex
a
m
p
le
o
f
t
h
e
lac
k
o
f
a
m
en
ities
r
an
g
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
clea
n
a
n
d
p
o
r
tab
le
w
a
ter
to
il
ets
a
n
d
r
est
r
o
o
m
s
i
n
p
u
b
lic
ar
ea
s
to
t
h
e
w
e
ll
-
m
ai
n
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n
ed
h
o
tel
lav
ato
r
ies.
T
o
u
r
is
ts
w
o
u
ld
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
f
ac
e
th
e
ch
alle
n
g
e
o
f
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
i
m
p
le
p
u
b
lic
s
er
v
ices
th
at
ar
e
s
til
l
in
g
o
o
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
it
is
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
to
also
lo
o
k
at
s
i
g
n
ag
e
w
h
er
e
it
is
o
f
te
n
u
n
ac
c
u
s
to
m
ed
to
t
h
e
f
o
r
eig
n
t
o
u
r
is
ts
,
m
ea
n
i
n
g
th
a
t to
f
i
n
d
a
p
ar
k
in
g
lo
t
m
a
y
b
e
v
er
y
p
r
o
b
le
m
a
tic,
e
v
e
n
h
ar
d
er
to
r
ea
d
th
e
r
o
ad
s
i
g
n
s
.
As
i
n
d
icate
d
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
to
o
m
an
y
g
o
o
d
q
u
alit
y
h
o
tel
s
t
h
at
c
h
ar
g
e
th
eir
v
is
i
to
r
s
an
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
f
ar
e
j
u
s
t f
o
r
u
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
ter
n
et
s
er
v
ice
alth
o
u
g
h
it
m
a
y
s
ee
m
v
er
y
h
ar
d
to
b
eliev
e.
VI
Z
AR
D
is
ab
le
to
s
o
lv
e
t
h
i
s
p
r
o
b
lem
b
y
g
i
v
in
g
a
n
u
p
d
ated
to
u
r
is
m
i
n
f
r
astru
c
tu
r
e
d
ig
itall
y
f
r
o
m
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
.
As
ex
p
lai
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
o
u
ld
also
m
ak
e
th
e
j
o
b
ea
s
ier
f
o
r
th
e
to
u
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is
t
s
as
w
ell
a
s
th
e
lo
ca
ls
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
n
ac
c
u
r
at
e
an
d
r
eliab
le
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
to
u
r
i
s
t
attr
a
ctio
n
to
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
’
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
t
h
e
b
est
ti
m
e
to
v
is
it,
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
o
th
er
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
B
esid
es
VI
Z
AR
D
w
o
u
ld
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
r
o
u
te
to
th
e
u
s
er
d
esire
d
d
esti
n
atio
n
b
y
ca
lli
n
g
B
r
o
w
s
er
Op
en
to
u
s
e
Go
o
g
l
e
Ma
p
.
B
y
h
a
v
i
n
g
th
is
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
w
ill
k
n
o
w
t
h
eir
cu
r
r
en
t l
o
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
w
h
er
e
is
t
h
e
n
ea
r
est to
u
r
is
t a
ttra
ctio
n
ar
o
u
n
d
th
at
ar
ea
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
Co
m
m
u
nica
t
io
n
Statis
t
ics
f
r
o
m
T
o
u
r
is
m
Ma
la
y
s
ia
h
a
v
e
s
h
o
w
n
t
h
at
Ma
la
y
s
i
a’
s
to
u
r
is
m
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
a
s
tead
y
r
ate
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
ten
y
ea
r
s
s
in
ce
2
0
0
5
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
to
u
r
is
t
s
th
a
t
en
ter
ed
Ma
la
y
s
ia
w
er
e
1
6
.
4
3
m
i
llio
n
,
w
h
er
ea
s
i
n
2
0
1
8
,
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
to
u
r
is
t
s
h
av
e
g
o
n
e
u
p
to
2
5
.
7
0
m
ill
io
n
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
is
g
u
ar
a
n
teed
to
b
e
an
is
s
u
e
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
t
s
w
h
o
m
ar
e
v
is
iti
n
g
f
o
r
eig
n
co
u
n
tr
ies
w
h
ich
th
e
y
ar
e
u
n
ac
q
u
ai
n
t
ed
w
it
h
its
n
atio
n
al
lan
g
u
a
g
e.
T
h
is
w
o
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
a
p
r
o
b
lem
w
h
er
e
t
h
e
y
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
ab
le
to
c
o
n
v
er
s
e
w
it
h
a
lo
ca
l
to
ask
f
o
r
d
ir
ec
to
r
ies
an
d
g
u
id
an
ce
,
r
es
u
ltin
g
i
n
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
ar
r
ier
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
w
o
u
ld
u
s
u
all
y
h
ap
p
en
i
n
P
en
an
g
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia,
w
h
er
e
m
aj
o
r
ity
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
ls
te
n
d
to
s
p
ea
k
t
h
e
lo
c
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
o
f
B
ah
asa
Me
la
y
u
,
a
n
d
Ho
k
k
ie
n
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
till
a
s
elec
t
f
e
w
o
f
lo
ca
ls
w
h
o
ar
e
f
lu
e
n
t
in
th
e
E
n
g
l
is
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e,
b
u
t
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t o
f
t
h
e
m
in
r
u
r
al
ar
ea
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
cit
y
ar
e
v
er
y
s
ca
r
ce
.
VI
Z
AR
D
s
o
lv
e
s
th
i
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
b
y
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
u
e
to
to
u
r
is
m
ac
tiv
itie
s
i
n
P
en
a
n
g
.
T
h
e
to
u
r
is
ts
m
a
y
c
h
o
o
s
e
to
as
k
q
u
es
ti
o
n
s
to
VI
Z
A
R
D
f
o
r
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
d
etail
s
n
ee
d
ed
in
s
tead
o
f
c
h
o
o
s
in
g
to
co
m
m
u
n
icate
w
i
th
a
lo
ca
l.
An
o
th
er
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
C
I
Z
AR
D
is
t
h
at
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
n
at
u
r
al
la
n
g
u
a
g
e,
w
h
er
e
u
s
er
s
w
o
u
ld
in
p
u
t
q
u
er
ie
s
a
n
d
w
a
it
f
o
r
VI
Z
AR
D
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
3
.
2
.
3
.
Schedu
lin
g
T
o
d
ef
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
tate
m
en
t
m
o
r
e
clea
r
l
y
,
a
s
m
all
i
n
ter
v
ie
w
w
a
s
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
t
r
av
eler
s
i
n
P
en
an
g
d
u
r
i
n
g
a
C
h
in
e
s
e
n
e
w
y
ea
r
2
0
2
0
h
o
lid
a
y
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
t
h
e
tr
av
eler
s
d
ec
id
ed
to
tr
av
el
to
P
en
a
n
g
d
o
n
o
t
k
n
o
w
t
h
e
o
p
en
in
g
an
d
clo
s
in
g
ti
m
es
o
f
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lar
lo
ca
tio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
th
e
f
a
m
o
u
s
ea
ter
y
s
i
te,
P
en
an
g
C
h
en
d
o
l
th
at
o
n
l
y
o
p
en
s
f
o
r
a
l
i
m
i
ted
ti
m
e.
I
t i
s
co
m
m
o
n
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
tr
a
v
eler
s
to
b
e
u
n
a
w
ar
e
o
f
its
ti
m
in
g
s
s
o
th
e
y
w
o
u
ld
n
o
t
m
is
s
t
h
eir
c
h
an
ce
to
v
is
it
th
e
p
o
p
u
lar
to
u
r
is
m
s
ites
,
n
o
r
w
a
s
ti
n
g
th
e
ti
m
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
.
VI
Z
AR
D
s
o
lv
es
th
i
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
th
e
u
s
er
w
it
h
r
eliab
le
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
o
p
er
atin
g
h
o
u
r
s
a
n
d
ex
ac
t
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
to
u
r
is
t
attr
ac
tio
n
s
,
w
i
th
th
e
a
s
s
i
s
ta
n
c
e
o
f
ex
ter
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
s
u
c
h
as
Go
o
g
le
Ma
p
s
a
n
d
w
eb
s
ite
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
S
u
ch
ex
ter
n
al
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
w
i
ll
g
i
v
e
u
p
-
to
-
d
ate
n
e
w
s
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
a
v
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
er
v
ic
e
as
w
ell
as
o
p
tio
n
s
to
d
if
f
er
en
t to
u
r
is
m
s
p
o
ts
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
Sa
f
et
y
a
nd
s
ec
urit
y
Sev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
e
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
s
a
f
et
y
o
f
a
t
o
u
r
is
t
ar
e
t
w
o
o
f
t
h
e
b
i
g
g
e
s
t
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
to
u
r
i
s
m
a
n
d
tr
av
e
l
in
d
u
s
tr
y
[
2
3
]
.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
ela
b
o
r
ate
o
n
th
at
p
o
in
t,
t
h
e
last
t
w
o
d
ec
ad
es
h
ad
a
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
n
ter
r
o
r
is
t
ac
ts
,
lo
ca
l
w
ar
s
,
n
a
tu
r
al
d
i
s
aster
s
,
ep
id
e
m
ics
an
d
p
a
n
d
e
m
ic
s
[
2
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
P
en
a
n
g
,
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
s
af
et
y
m
ai
n
h
az
ar
d
o
cc
asio
n
all
y
h
ap
p
en
s
o
n
th
e
r
o
ad
,
w
h
er
e
o
v
er
6
,
0
0
0
p
eo
p
le
ar
e
k
illed
an
n
u
all
y
d
u
e
to
r
o
ad
ac
cid
en
ts
.
Fo
r
eig
n
er
s
w
h
o
d
ec
id
e
to
d
r
iv
e
h
a
v
e
to
f
ac
e
h
ea
v
y
tr
a
f
f
ic,
a
n
d
if
u
n
l
u
ck
y
,
r
o
ad
r
ag
e
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
lead
to
an
ac
cid
e
n
t [
2
5
]
.
As i
n
d
icate
d
in
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
p
r
o
b
le
m
,
to
u
r
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s
ts
w
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ld
o
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ce
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g
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n
h
av
e
to
g
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th
r
o
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g
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d
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f
f
icu
lt
y
o
f
t
h
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la
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g
u
a
g
e
b
ar
r
ier
w
h
en
co
n
v
er
s
i
n
g
w
i
th
a
lo
ca
l
p
o
lice
m
a
n
to
ex
p
lai
n
th
e
d
etail
s
i
f
a
n
e
m
er
g
e
n
c
y
h
ad
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
.
T
h
is
b
ec
o
m
es
a
b
ig
p
r
o
b
lem
f
o
r
to
u
r
is
m
a
n
d
t
r
av
el
ag
e
n
cie
s
t
h
at
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2
2
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I
n
t J
A
r
ti
f
I
n
tell
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
4
,
Dec
e
m
b
er
20
20
:
5
69
–
5
75
574
co
u
ld
r
esu
lt
i
n
a
g
r
ea
t
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
lo
s
s
w
h
e
n
to
u
r
is
ts
ar
e
n
o
t
k
ee
n
i
n
en
ter
i
n
g
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
is
a
h
ig
h
r
is
k
r
ate,
u
n
les
s
t
h
e
y
m
a
k
e
it
s
o
t
h
at
a
v
i
s
ito
r
’
s
s
af
e
t
y
b
ec
o
m
e
s
a
p
r
i
m
ar
y
f
o
cu
s
o
f
co
n
ce
r
n
.
No
t
o
n
l
y
th
a
t,
m
id
-
a
g
e
tr
av
eler
s
ten
d
to
g
o
f
o
r
“
th
r
ill
s
ee
k
in
g
”
ac
ti
v
itie
s
w
h
ic
h
co
u
ld
lead
to
all
s
o
r
ts
o
f
s
af
et
y
an
d
h
ea
lt
h
is
s
u
es.
VI
Z
AR
D
is
ab
le
to
aid
o
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
s
a
f
et
y
o
f
th
e
to
u
r
is
t
s
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
w
ea
th
er
aler
ts
an
d
lo
ca
tio
n
s
o
f
n
ea
r
b
y
h
o
s
p
itals
o
r
clin
ics
alo
n
g
e
m
er
g
en
c
y
n
o
ti
f
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
is
w
i
ll
h
elp
u
s
er
s
to
r
ea
ch
th
eir
d
esire
d
lo
ca
tio
n
s
af
e
an
d
s
o
u
n
d
.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
ch
atte
r
b
o
t
ex
p
er
t
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
P
en
an
g
to
u
r
is
t
s
p
o
ts
ca
lled
t
h
e
VI
Z
AR
D
.
VI
Z
AR
D
ac
ts
as
a
v
ir
tu
a
l
ass
is
tan
t
f
o
r
P
en
an
g
b
y
g
i
v
i
n
g
u
s
er
s
r
eliab
le
an
s
w
er
s
w
h
e
n
t
h
e
y
ar
e
tr
av
elli
n
g
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
.
Dev
e
lo
p
m
en
t
o
f
VI
Z
AR
D
w
as
b
ased
o
n
Ver
b
o
t
5
p
latf
o
r
m
b
u
t
t
h
e
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
b
ase
is
u
n
ab
le
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
v
ast
k
n
o
w
l
ed
g
e
o
f
lo
ca
liti
es
in
P
en
a
n
g
,
h
e
n
ce
th
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
o
w
n
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
atio
n
,
cu
l
tu
r
al
s
ite
s
,
en
ter
tain
m
en
t,
h
is
to
r
ical
s
ite
s
,
an
d
s
ig
h
ts
ee
i
n
g
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
Asi
d
e
f
r
o
m
th
at,
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
o
n
l
y
a
v
ailab
le
at
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
k
io
s
k
s
i
n
ce
r
tai
n
o
u
tlet
s
o
f
P
e
n
an
g
s
o
it
r
estrict
s
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
u
s
er
s
w
h
o
m
w
a
n
t
to
u
ti
lize
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
At
p
r
esen
t,
VI
Z
AR
D
is
n
o
t
i
n
t
eg
r
ated
to
a
s
er
v
er
,
w
h
ic
h
r
estricts
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
t
y
o
f
en
ab
li
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izz
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alalu
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d
L
ai
Yee
Her
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
T
.
Re
d
d
y
,
“
Ho
w
c
h
a
tb
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c
a
n
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e
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Av
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]
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P
lan
tec
,
“
V
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,
2
0
0
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.
[3
]
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a
k
ra
b
a
rti
,
G
.
F
.
L
u
g
e
r,
“
A
f
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m
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in
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ty
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ixth
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ter
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ti
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l
F
L
AIR
S
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
2
0
1
3
.
[4
]
Y.
L
iu
,
M
.
L
iu
,
X
.
W
a
n
g
,
L
.
W
a
n
g
,
J.
L
i,
“
P
AL
:
A
c
h
a
tt
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rb
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t
sy
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in
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stio
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s”
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in
5
1
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n
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M
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Asso
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r Co
m
p
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:
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y
ste
m De
mo
n
stra
ti
o
n
s
,
p
p
.
6
7
-
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2
,
2
0
13.
[5
]
B.
L
.
Da
v
ie
s,
“
G
rice
’s
c
o
o
p
e
ra
ti
v
e
p
rin
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ip
le:
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a
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a
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d
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l
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,
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o
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Pr
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s
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1
2
,
p
p
.
2
3
0
8
-
3
1
,
2
0
1
7
.
[6
]
H.Y.
S
h
u
m
,
X
.
D.
He
,
D.
L
i,
“
F
ro
m
El
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to
X
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Ic
e
:
Ch
a
ll
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n
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n
d
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p
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n
it
ies
w
it
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so
c
ial
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h
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tb
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ti
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rs
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fo
rm
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l.
1
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
0
-
2
6
,
2
0
1
8
.
[7
]
E.
F
e
rra
ra
,
O.
V
a
ro
l
,
C.
Da
v
is,
F
.
M
e
n
c
z
e
r,
A
.
F
lam
m
in
i,
“
T
h
e
rise
o
f
so
c
ial
b
o
ts”
,
C
o
mm
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l.
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n
o
.
7
,
p
p
.
9
6
-
1
0
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
P
.
L
e
it
h
,
“
T
h
e
rise
a
n
d
fa
ll
o
f
th
e
leg
a
l
e
x
p
e
rt
s
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ste
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Rev
iew o
f
L
a
w
,
Co
mp
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ter
s
&
T
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c
h
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o
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y
,
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l
.
3
0
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
4
-
1
0
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[9
]
E.
S
ty
v
a
k
ta
k
is,
M
.
H.
Bo
ll
e
n
,
I.
Y.
G
u
,
“
Ex
p
e
rt
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
c
las
si
f
ica
t
io
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
p
o
we
r
s
y
ste
m
e
v
e
n
ts”
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Po
we
r De
li
v
e
ry
,
v
o
l.
1
7
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
4
2
3
-
8
,
2
0
0
2
.
[1
0
]
S
.
S
.
Na
se
r
a
n
d
R.
M
.
A
l
-
Da
h
d
o
o
h
,
“
L
o
w
e
r
B
a
c
k
P
a
in
Ex
p
e
rt
S
y
st
e
m
Dia
g
n
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sis
a
n
d
T
re
a
t
m
e
n
t”,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
M
u
lt
id
isc
ip
l
in
a
ry
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
S
tu
d
ies
(
J
M
ES
S
)
,
v
o
l.
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
4
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
1
]
S
.
S
.
Na
se
r
a
n
d
A
.
O.
M
a
h
d
i,
“
A
p
ro
p
o
se
d
e
x
p
e
rt
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
f
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o
t
d
ise
a
se
s
d
iag
n
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sis”
,
Ame
ri
c
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
In
n
o
v
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ti
v
e
Res
e
a
rc
h
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s
,
v
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l.
2
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
5
5
-
6
8
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
2
]
B.
M
e
h
d
i,
C.
Ha
sn
a
,
E.
-
K.A
h
m
e
d
,
O.T
a
y
e
b
,
“
In
telli
g
e
n
t
c
re
d
it
sc
o
rin
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t”,
IAE
S
I
n
t
e
rn
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Art
if
icia
l
I
n
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
3
9
1
-
3
9
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
3
]
Y.
Be
n
h
a
d
j,
M
.
E.
M
e
ss
a
o
u
d
i,
A
.
N
f
issi,
“
A
rti
f
icia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
in
Ed
u
c
a
ti
o
n
:
In
teg
ra
ti
n
g
S
e
rio
u
s
G
a
m
in
g
in
to
th
e
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
Clas
s
Clas
sD
o
jo
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
o
r
Clas
sro
o
m
B
e
h
a
v
io
ra
l
M
a
n
a
g
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m
e
n
t”,
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S
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
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l
J
o
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rn
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fi
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4
,
p
p
.
3
8
2
-
3
9
0
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
4
]
H.
El
-
M
o
sta
f
a
a
n
d
F
.
Be
n
a
b
b
o
u
,
“
A
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
Id
e
a
s
P
lag
iarism
De
tec
ti
o
n
:
S
tate
o
f
a
rt
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n
d
p
r
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p
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se
d
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p
p
r
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h
”
,
IAE
S
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
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a
l
o
f
Art
if
icia
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I
n
telli
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n
c
e
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
0
2
0
.
[1
5
]
I.
E.
F
ish
e
r,
M
.
R.
G
a
rn
se
y
,
M
.
E.
Hu
g
h
e
s,
“
Na
tu
ra
l
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
in
a
c
c
o
u
n
ti
n
g
,
a
u
d
it
in
g
a
n
d
f
in
a
n
c
e
:
A
s
y
n
th
e
sis
o
f
th
e
li
tera
tu
re
w
it
h
a
ro
a
d
m
a
p
f
o
r
f
u
tu
re
re
se
a
rc
h
”
,
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
y
ste
ms
in
Acc
o
u
n
ti
n
g
,
Fi
n
a
n
c
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n
d
Ma
n
a
g
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me
n
t
,
v
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l.
2
3
,
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o
.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
7
-
2
1
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
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575
[1
6
]
R.
M
id
d
leto
n
,
A
.
L
a
c
e
y
,
W
.
O.
P
ick
re
ll
,
B.
F
o
n
f
e
rf
k
o
-
S
h
a
d
ra
c
h
,
O.
P
e
a
rso
n
,
M
.
M
a
rta,
G
.
M
c
Do
n
n
e
ll
,
S
.
E
.
T
h
o
m
p
so
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,
D.
V
.
F
o
rd
,
a
n
d
R.
Ni
c
h
o
las
,
“
A
u
to
m
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c
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lo
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y
”
,
A
1
8
-
A
1
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
7
]
A
.
J.
-
P
.
T
ix
ie
r,
R.
M
a
tt
h
e
w
,
M
.
R.
Ha
ll
o
w
e
ll
,
B.
R
a
jag
o
p
a
lan
,
D.
Bo
wm
a
n
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
c
o
n
te
n
t
a
n
a
ly
sis
f
o
r
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
sa
f
e
t
y
:
A
n
a
tu
ra
l
lan
g
u
a
g
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
sy
ste
m
to
e
x
t
ra
c
t
p
re
c
u
rso
rs
a
n
d
o
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tco
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f
ro
m
u
n
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c
tu
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ry
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rts”
,
A
u
to
m
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C
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stru
c
ti
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,
v
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.
6
2
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p
p
.
4
5
-
5
6
,
2
0
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6
.
[1
8
]
A
.
Ja
in
,
D.
Da
s,
J.K.
G
u
p
ta,
A
.
S
a
x
e
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a
,
“
P
lan
IT
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A
c
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in
2
0
1
5
IE
EE
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
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l
Co
n
fer
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e
o
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R
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u
to
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ti
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CRA
),
p
p
.
8
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8
4
,
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0
1
5
.
[1
9
]
G
.
L
.
G
o
r
b
y
,
“
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se
o
f
V
e
rb
o
t™
T
e
c
h
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l
o
g
y
to
En
h
a
n
c
e
Clas
sro
o
m
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re
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d
e
mic
M
e
d
icin
e
,
v
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n
o
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p
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552
-
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0
0
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.
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0
]
D.C.
Uk
p
a
b
i,
B
.
A
sla
m
,
H.
Ka
rjalu
o
t
o
,
“
Ch
a
t
b
o
t
A
d
o
p
ti
o
n
in
T
o
u
rism
S
e
rv
ic
e
s:
A
Co
n
c
e
p
tu
a
l
Ex
p
lo
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ti
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n
”
,
Ro
b
o
ts,
Art
if
icia
l
In
tell
ig
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n
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e
,
a
n
d
S
e
rv
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Au
to
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a
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ra
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e
l,
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o
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a
n
d
Ho
sp
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ta
li
ty
,
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e
r
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ld
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1
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0
1
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[2
1
]
M
.
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n
so
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a
n
d
L
.
O’Re
il
ly
,
“
Re
sid
e
n
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l
T
o
u
rism
a
n
d
Ec
o
n
o
m
ic
D
e
v
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lo
p
m
e
n
t:
Im
a
g
in
e
e
rin
g
Bo
q
u
e
te
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n
d
P
e
n
a
n
g
”
,
in
L
if
e
sty
le M
ig
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
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o
lo
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a
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T
r
a
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s in
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l
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n
d
P
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n
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ma
,
p
p
.
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1
1
0
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0
1
8
.
[2
2
]
A
.
R.
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
,
“
M
u
lt
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-
Cu
lt
u
ra
l
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m
m
u
n
ica
ti
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is
Esse
n
ti
a
l
f
o
r
T
o
u
rism
In
d
u
stry
:
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lo
b
a
l
to
L
o
c
a
l
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e
rsp
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c
ti
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e
”
,
Co
n
tem
p
o
ra
ry
Hu
ma
n
Res
o
u
rc
e
s M
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
in
th
e
T
o
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rism
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n
d
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stry
,
IG
I
G
lo
b
a
l,
p
p
.
2
1
1
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2
3
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2
0
1
9
.
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3
]
C.
H.
T
a
n
,
X
.
W
.
Ch
o
n
g
,
S
.
B.
H
o
,
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ig
n
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ica
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sa
f
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a
n
d
se
c
u
rit
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issu
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to
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rism
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d
u
stry
in
M
a
lay
si
a
”
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S
c
i
In
t
,
v
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l
.
2
9
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n
o
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2
,
p
p
.
4
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5
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2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
B.
W
.
Rit
c
h
ie,
Y.
Jia
n
g
,
“
A
re
v
i
e
w
o
f
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se
a
rc
h
o
n
t
o
u
rism
risk
,
c
risis
a
n
d
d
isa
ste
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t:
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a
u
n
c
h
in
g
th
e
a
n
n
a
ls
o
f
to
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rism
re
se
a
rc
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u
ra
te
d
c
o
ll
e
c
ti
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n
o
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to
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rism
ris
k
,
c
risi
s
a
n
d
d
isa
ste
r
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t”,
An
n
a
ls
o
f
T
o
u
rism
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
9
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
8
1
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
5
]
S
.
P
ra
tt
,
D.
T
o
lk
a
c
h
,
K.
Kiril
lo
v
a
,
“
T
o
u
rism
&
d
e
a
th
”
,
An
n
a
ls o
f
T
o
u
rism
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
7
8
,
p
p
.
1
0
2
7
5
8
,
2
0
1
9
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
V
in
o
t
h
in
i
Ka
sin
a
th
a
n
is
a
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
s
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
A
sia
P
a
c
if
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(A
P
U)
M
a
lay
sia
.
S
h
e
o
b
tai
n
e
d
h
e
r
M
a
ste
r
in
S
o
f
tw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
–
Re
a
l
T
i
m
e
S
y
st
e
m
f
ro
m
U
T
M
a
s
th
e
De
a
n
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M
e
rit
a
w
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rd
.
S
h
e
h
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s
b
e
e
n
in
t
h
e
a
c
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d
e
m
ic
in
d
u
stry
f
o
r
th
e
las
t
1
8
y
e
a
r
s.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
in
C
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
.
He
r
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
l
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
tex
t
m
in
in
g
,
p
re
se
n
tatio
n
m
in
in
g
a
n
d
o
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e
r
a
re
a
s.
A
id
a
M
u
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p
h
a
re
c
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iv
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d
th
e
B.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
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ter
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c
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c
e
fro
m
M
ich
ig
a
n
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c
h
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Un
iv
e
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y
a
n
d
th
e
M
.
IT
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
UK
M
,
M
a
la
y
sia
in
1
9
9
8
a
n
d
2
0
0
4
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
S
h
e
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
in
A
rti
f
icia
l
In
telli
g
e
n
c
e
f
o
c
u
sin
g
o
n
d
ial
o
g
u
e
sy
ste
m
s.
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h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
c
ti
v
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re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
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n
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
Co
m
p
u
tatio
n
a
l
L
in
g
u
i
stics
,
S
o
f
t
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
Da
ta
M
in
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
A
g
e
n
t
-
b
a
se
d
S
y
ste
m
s.
M
o
h
a
m
a
d
F
ird
a
u
s
Ch
e
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
n
i
is
a
le
c
tu
re
r
a
t
As
ia
P
a
c
if
ic
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
(A
P
U),
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
lu
d
e
s
S
e
m
a
n
ti
c
W
e
b
,
W
e
b
A
c
c
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ss
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il
it
y
a
n
d
Kn
o
w
led
g
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
S
a
lam
a
A
.
M
o
sta
fa
is cu
rre
n
tl
y
a
L
e
c
tu
re
r
a
t
th
e
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
o
ftw
a
r
e
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
u
n
Hu
ss
e
in
On
n
M
a
lay
sia
(U
T
HM).
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
BS
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
o
su
l,
Ira
q
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
S
c
.
a
n
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
s
in
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Ten
a
g
a
Na
sio
n
a
l
(UN
IT
EN),
M
a
la
y
sia
in
2
0
1
1
a
n
d
2
0
1
6
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
His
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
in
th
e
a
re
a
o
f
so
f
t
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
d
a
ta
m
in
in
g
,
so
f
tw
a
r
e
a
g
e
n
ts
a
n
d
in
tell
ig
e
n
t
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s sy
ste
m
s.
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