I
A
E
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
, pp.
166
~
171
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
i.
v
14
.i
1
.pp
166
-
171
166
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
ai
.
ia
e
s
c
or
e
.c
om
H
i
gh
b
o
d
y t
e
m
p
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at
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h
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gh
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ou
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t
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m
o
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t
or
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S
id
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h
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S
w
am
i
1
, L
al
it
M
oh
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Jos
h
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2
, M
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s
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a S
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, R
aj
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s
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gh
5
1
S
c
hool
of
E
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
nd N
a
t
ur
a
l
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
, D
oon U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, D
e
hr
a
dun, I
ndi
a
2
D
e
pa
r
t
m
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nt
of
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om
put
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c
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a
nd E
ngi
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a
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a
r
U
ni
ve
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s
i
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y, R
oor
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ndi
a
3
C
ol
l
e
ge
of
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng a
nd T
e
c
hnol
ogy, U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy a
nd S
c
i
e
nc
e
s
, N
i
z
w
a
, O
m
a
n
4
U
t
t
a
r
a
nc
ha
l
S
c
hool
of
C
om
put
i
ng S
c
i
e
nc
e
s
, U
t
t
a
r
a
nc
ha
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y,
D
e
hr
a
dun
,
I
ndi
a
5
D
i
vi
s
i
on of
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h &
I
nnova
t
i
on, U
t
t
a
r
a
nc
ha
l
I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e
of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy, U
t
t
a
r
a
nc
ha
l
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y, D
e
hr
a
dun, I
ndi
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
M
a
r
19, 2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
O
c
t
18, 2024
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
O
c
t
23, 2024
The
demand
for
reliable
health
monitoring
systems
has
surged
in
t
oday'
s
health
-
consciou
s
society.
Body
temperatur
e
monito
ring
is
cruci
al
for
preserving
health
and
preventing
infectious
disease
outbreaks.
In
this
st
udy
an
Arduino
u
no hardware boar
d with a touchless temperature
sensor is pr
oposed
to
detect
elevated
body
temperature,
indicating
fever
and
early
signs
of
i
llness.
The
system
prioritizes
real
-
time
health
surveillance,
accessibilit
y,
and
usability,
blending
seamlessly
with
normal
life.
Arduino'
s
ve
rsatilit
y
allows
the
system
to
function
covertly,
uphold
privacy
and
autonomy,
and
foster
wellbeing.
The
goal
is
to
highlight
the
system'
s
ability
to
function
co
vertly,
uphold
privacy
and
autonomy,
and
foster
w
ellbeing.
This
tech
nology
exemplif
ies
the
syne
rgy
between
personal
wellness
and
contemporary
technologie
s,
offering
a
useful
and
adaptable
fever
detection
soluti
on
for
various contexts, including homes and public areas.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
A
r
dui
no
B
ody te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
B
uz
z
e
r
H
e
a
lt
h m
oni
to
r
in
g
T
ouc
hl
e
s
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
S
id
dha
r
th
S
w
a
m
i
S
c
hool
of
E
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
nd N
a
tu
r
a
l
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
, D
oon Unive
r
s
it
y
D
e
hr
a
dun, Utta
r
a
kha
nd
,
I
ndi
a
E
m
a
il
:
s
id
dha
r
th
s
w
a
m
i3
@
gm
a
il
.c
om
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
s
tu
dy e
va
lu
a
t
e
d t
he
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
a
ne
w
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g de
vi
c
e
i
n pr
e
di
c
ti
ng
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
nd
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
f
e
ve
r
s
in
hi
gh
-
r
is
k
out
pa
ti
e
nt
s
it
ua
ti
ons
.
T
he
s
e
pa
ti
e
nt
s
w
e
r
e
e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
vul
ne
r
a
bl
e
to
de
ve
lo
pi
ng
f
e
br
il
e
ne
ut
r
ope
ni
a
a
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t
of
r
e
c
e
nt
c
he
m
ot
he
r
a
py
a
nd
a
ut
ol
ogous
s
te
m
c
e
ll
tr
a
ns
pl
a
nt
a
ti
on
[
1]
.
A
s
tu
dy
hi
ghl
ig
ht
e
d
th
e
im
por
ta
nt
pot
e
nt
ia
l
of
c
ont
in
uous
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
in
m
ul
ti
pl
e
c
ont
e
xt
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
im
m
une
-
c
om
pr
om
is
e
d
p
a
ti
e
nt
m
oni
to
r
in
g,
s
e
ps
is
pr
e
ve
nt
io
n,
a
nd
a
t
-
hom
e
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
di
s
c
h
a
r
ge
[
2]
.
B
y
ut
il
iz
in
g
por
ta
bl
e
,
non
-
c
ont
a
c
t
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
e
qui
pm
e
nt
th
a
t
c
a
n
m
e
a
s
ur
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
w
it
h
a
n
a
s
to
undi
ng
99%
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
our
s
tu
dy
ta
ke
s
a
nove
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g.
W
e
te
s
te
d
our
m
e
th
od
on
in
a
ni
m
a
te
hot
obj
e
c
ts
a
nd
pe
opl
e
w
it
h
no
r
m
a
l
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
to
c
onf
ir
m
it
s
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
[
3]
.
U
nl
ik
e
a
n
in
e
xpe
ns
iv
e
non
-
c
ont
a
c
t
in
f
r
a
r
e
d
th
e
r
m
om
e
te
r
,
th
is
pr
e
c
is
io
n
w
a
s
r
e
li
a
bl
y
pr
e
s
e
r
ve
d
bot
h
in
door
s
a
nd
w
it
hi
n
a
20
c
m
r
a
nge
out
s
id
e
[
4]
.
W
e
ha
ve
c
r
e
a
te
d
a
us
e
f
ul
te
c
hni
que
f
or
m
oni
to
r
in
g
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
m
ot
e
ly
,
a
nd
w
e
ha
ve
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
c
onf
ir
m
e
d
it
s
ope
r
a
ti
on
th
r
ough
e
xpe
r
im
e
nt
a
ti
on
w
it
h
a
n
a
s
to
undi
ng
98%
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y.
C
ons
id
e
r
in
g
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
or
ona
vi
r
us
di
s
e
a
s
e
2019
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
)
pa
nde
m
ic
,
it
is
e
xt
r
e
m
e
ly
im
por
ta
nt
to
in
c
lu
de
te
c
hnol
ogy
th
a
t
is
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
in
to
da
il
y
li
f
e
[
5]
.
O
u
r
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
s
m
a
r
tp
hone
a
c
c
e
s
s
or
y,
th
e
r
m
o
tr
a
k
,
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
f
or
f
e
ve
r
e
va
lu
a
ti
on,
in
c
lu
di
ng
th
e
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on
o
f
s
ym
pt
om
s
a
s
s
oc
ia
te
d
w
it
h
in
f
e
c
ti
ous
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
li
ke
s
yndr
om
e
c
or
ona
vi
r
us
2
(
S
A
R
S
-
C
oV
-
2
)
[
6]
.
I
t
pr
ov
id
e
s
a
c
c
ur
a
te
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
H
ig
h body
t
e
m
pe
r
at
ur
e
de
te
c
ti
on
s
ol
ut
io
n t
hr
ough touc
hl
e
s
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
f
or
…
(
Si
ddhar
th
Sw
am
i
)
167
r
e
a
di
ngs
. I
n t
hi
s
w
or
k, w
e
pr
ovi
de
a
l
ow
-
c
os
t
s
ys
te
m
t
ha
t
us
e
s
a
n R
G
B
-
th
e
r
m
a
l
c
a
m
e
r
a
t
o c
onc
ur
r
e
nt
ly
de
te
c
t
a
nd
e
va
lu
a
te
th
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
of
num
e
r
ous
f
a
c
e
s
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
r
e
duc
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
e
r
r
or
s
,
th
is
m
e
th
od de
ve
lo
ps
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
ode
ls
f
or
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
f
a
c
ia
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
[
7]
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
pr
e
li
m
in
a
r
y
da
ta
f
r
om
th
e
f
ir
s
t
50
in
di
vi
dua
ls
w
ho
r
e
por
t
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
in
f
e
c
ti
ons
,
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
te
c
hnol
ogy
c
a
n
r
e
li
a
bl
y
id
e
nt
if
y
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
is
e
s
li
nke
d
to
il
ln
e
s
s
e
s
[
8]
.
T
he
c
or
r
e
la
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
s
e
lf
-
r
e
por
te
d
f
e
ve
r
a
nd
th
e
s
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
is
e
s
s
ugge
s
ts
th
a
t
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
s
e
ns
or
s
c
a
n
b
e
u
s
e
d
to
c
ont
in
uous
ly
c
ol
le
c
t
phys
io
lo
gi
c
a
l
da
ta
th
a
t
c
oul
d
be
us
e
d
to
a
nt
ic
ip
a
te
th
e
be
gi
nni
ng
of
di
s
e
a
s
e
[
9]
.
W
it
h
a
n
a
s
to
undi
ng
99
%
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
in
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
,
our
s
tu
dy
of
f
e
r
s
a
nove
l
s
ol
ut
io
n
in
th
e
s
ha
pe
of
a
por
ta
bl
e
,
non
-
c
ont
a
c
t
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
ns
or
de
vi
c
e
[
10]
.
W
he
n
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
nt
s
w
it
h
nor
m
a
l
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
a
nd
hot
obj
e
c
ts
a
r
e
te
s
te
d
in
door
s
a
nd outdoor
s
, t
hi
s
pr
e
c
is
io
n i
s
c
on
s
ta
nt
ly
m
a
in
ta
in
e
d
[
1
1]
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
R
E
V
I
E
W
R
e
s
pi
r
a
to
r
y
dr
opl
e
ts
f
r
om
pe
opl
e
w
it
h
in
f
e
c
ti
on
a
r
e
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
m
e
a
ns
of
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
tr
a
ns
m
is
s
io
n,
qua
r
a
nt
in
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
a
r
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
ly
li
m
it
th
e
v
ir
us
'
s
s
pr
e
a
d
[
12]
.
A
c
c
or
di
ng
to
th
is
s
tu
dy,
a
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
de
vi
c
e
w
it
h
in
te
r
ne
t
of
th
in
g
s
(
I
oT
)
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
m
ig
ht
m
oni
to
r
in
door
c
ondi
ti
ons
a
nd
body
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
it
c
ont
a
in
s
a
n
a
le
r
t
s
ys
te
m
th
a
t
a
c
ti
va
te
s
w
he
n
a
p
e
r
s
on
unde
r
qua
r
a
nt
in
e
'
s
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
a
bove
a
le
v
e
l
th
a
t
ha
s
be
e
n
s
e
t
[
13]
.
T
hi
s
s
uppl
y
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
pr
ovi
de
ti
m
e
ly
r
e
s
pon
s
e
s
to
a
ny i
ll
ne
s
s
e
s
. T
hi
s
s
tu
dy pr
ovi
de
s
a
nove
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h f
or
i
de
nt
if
yi
ng C
O
V
I
D
-
19
f
e
ve
r
s
ym
pt
om
s
i
n
a
n e
f
f
o
r
t
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
c
onc
e
r
n
s
w
it
h
e
xt
e
nde
d s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng a
t
publ
ic
or
pr
iv
a
t
e
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ons
,
w
hi
c
h
m
a
y c
r
e
a
te
s
it
ua
ti
ons
th
a
t
a
r
e
f
a
vor
a
bl
e
to
th
e
s
pr
e
a
d
of
th
e
di
s
e
a
s
e
[
14]
.
U
s
in
g
I
oT
c
lo
ud
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
,
it
c
a
n
d
e
te
c
t
a
bnor
m
a
l
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
m
or
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
a
nd
qui
c
kl
y
id
e
nt
if
y
th
e
pe
opl
e
w
ho
ha
ve
th
e
m
[
15]
.
T
he
m
e
th
od
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
li
m
it
in
g
th
e
pos
s
ib
il
it
y
of
vi
r
us
tr
a
ns
m
is
s
io
n
in
c
r
ow
de
d
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
[
16]
.
T
hi
s
ha
s
ta
ke
n
on
th
e
m
is
s
io
n
of
c
r
e
a
ti
ng
f
e
ve
r
de
te
c
ti
on
to
ol
s
in
or
de
r
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
te
s
ti
ng
r
e
a
c
h,
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
a
nd
s
a
f
e
ty
in
te
r
m
s
of
e
xpos
ur
e
to
vi
r
us
e
s
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
ir
w
or
k
ha
s
r
e
s
ul
te
d
in
a
r
e
li
a
bl
e
m
e
di
c
a
l
te
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
e
ns
or
th
a
t
is
ba
s
e
d
on
a
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
[
17]
.
T
o
m
e
e
t
th
e
ne
e
d
f
or
pr
e
c
is
e
a
nd
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
le
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
in
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
s
e
tt
in
gs
,
th
is
e
qui
pm
e
nt
ha
s
a
m
obi
le
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
th
a
t
pr
ovi
de
s
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
da
ta
[
18]
.
A
dde
d
to
th
a
t,
a
n
in
nova
ti
ve
vi
s
io
n
-
ba
s
e
d
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
ne
w
bor
n
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
ha
s
be
e
n
c
r
e
a
te
d,
a
nd
it
s
a
m
a
z
in
g
to
a
c
hi
e
ve
83.33%
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
r
a
te
a
s
a
pr
oof
.
T
hi
s
ga
dg
e
t
c
a
n
gr
e
a
tl
y
im
pr
o
ve
e
a
r
ly
f
e
ve
r
de
te
c
ti
on a
nd
c
hi
ld
c
a
r
e
s
in
c
e
it
c
a
n
di
s
t
in
gui
s
h
b
e
twe
e
n a
pa
r
e
nt
'
s
a
nd
a
n
e
w
bor
n'
s
f
a
c
e
s
[
19]
. W
he
n
a
ba
by'
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
is
e
s
ove
r
a
v
e
r
a
ge
,
it
m
ig
ht
a
ls
o
a
le
r
t
th
e
pa
r
e
nt
.
O
ne
im
po
r
ta
nt
in
nova
ti
on
in
th
e
o
ngoi
ng
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
or
a
tr
us
twor
th
y f
e
ve
r
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
m
e
th
od i
s
a
s
m
a
r
t
m
a
s
k w
it
h
l
ong
-
r
a
nge
(
L
oR
a
)
ba
c
ks
c
a
tt
e
r
in
g
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
. T
hi
s
m
a
s
k ha
s
a
t
r
e
m
e
ndous
de
a
l
of
pot
e
nt
ia
l
to
im
p
r
ove
s
a
f
e
ty
in
a
va
r
ie
ty
o
f
s
it
ua
ti
ons
,
e
s
pe
c
ia
ll
y
dur
in
g
publ
ic
he
a
lt
h
e
m
e
r
ge
nc
ie
s
,
be
c
a
us
e
it
c
a
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
bot
h
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
nd
br
e
a
th
in
g
r
a
te
w
hi
le
c
ons
um
in
g
a
s
ubs
ta
nt
ia
ll
y
s
m
a
ll
e
r
a
m
ount
of
pow
e
r
ove
r
a
ll
[
20]
.
I
n
or
de
r
to
s
a
ti
s
f
y
th
e
de
m
a
nd
f
or
pr
e
c
is
e
a
ut
om
a
te
d
f
e
ve
r
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng,
it
is
c
r
it
ic
a
l
to
c
ons
id
e
r
s
e
ve
r
a
l
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
m
e
th
ods
.
L
a
r
ge
-
s
c
a
le
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
is
not
a
good
f
it
f
or
th
e
la
bor
-
in
te
ns
iv
e
,
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
th
a
t
us
e
di
r
e
c
t
to
uc
h
th
e
r
m
o
m
e
te
r
s
,
not
w
it
hs
ta
ndi
ng
th
e
ir
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y.
O
n
th
e
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
th
e
r
m
ogr
a
phy
c
a
n
ta
ke
s
e
ve
r
a
l
p
e
opl
e
'
s
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
w
it
hout
ha
vi
ng
to
to
uc
h
th
e
m
,
th
e
r
e
f
or
e
it
m
e
e
ts
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
s
ta
nda
r
ds
. T
h
e
a
m
bi
e
nt
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
c
a
n, howe
ve
r
, c
a
u
s
e
c
h
a
ng
e
s
i
n i
t.
T
o de
s
ig
n e
f
f
e
c
t
iv
e
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
it
i
s
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
w
e
ig
h t
he
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
a
nd dis
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
of
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
[
21]
.
3.
R
E
A
L
-
T
I
M
E
A
I
R
Q
U
A
L
I
T
Y
M
O
N
I
T
O
R
I
N
G
T
he
m
a
in
e
le
m
e
nt
s
of
our
f
e
ve
r
m
oni
to
r
in
g
pr
o
je
c
t
a
r
e
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
by
th
e
bl
oc
k
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
our
a
tm
os
phe
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
,
w
hi
c
h
is
s
how
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
1.
T
h
e
pur
pos
e
of
th
is
s
ys
te
m
'
s
d
e
s
ig
n
is
to
m
a
ke
it
e
a
s
ie
r
to
m
e
a
s
ur
e
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
a
nd
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
to
id
e
nt
if
y
f
e
ve
r
e
a
r
ly
on.
L
e
t'
s
e
xa
m
in
e
t
he
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
c
om
pone
nt
s
i
n t
hi
s
di
a
gr
a
m
i
n m
or
e
de
ta
il
a
nd s
e
e
how
t
he
y w
or
k t
oge
th
e
r
t
o pr
oduc
e
a
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
a
nd s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
he
a
lt
h m
oni
to
r
in
g s
ys
te
m
.
T
he
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
br
a
in
, t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
n
s
or
, ha
s
be
e
n
c
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
c
ons
tr
uc
te
d t
o pr
oduc
e
e
xt
r
e
m
e
ly
pr
e
c
is
e
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
a
di
ngs
.
T
hi
s
s
e
ns
or
is
a
bl
e
to
be
s
e
t
a
s
a
n
ir
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
ga
uge
or
a
ty
pe
o
f
th
e
r
m
oe
le
c
tr
ic
.
G
e
tt
in
g
th
e
c
r
it
ic
a
l
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
i
n
f
or
m
a
ti
on
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
or
he
a
lt
h
s
ur
ve
il
la
nc
e
is
it
s
m
a
in
obj
e
c
ti
ve
.
T
h
e
s
e
n
s
or
it
s
e
lf
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
br
a
in
,
pr
ovi
di
ng
th
e
ve
r
y
f
ir
s
t
in
put
a
nd
in
it
ia
te
s
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
I
t
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
s
s
ur
e
th
e
u
s
e
r
'
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
a
di
ngs
a
r
e
c
ons
ta
nt
ly
ga
th
e
r
e
d
a
n
d
is
a
f
ounda
ti
on
f
or
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
of
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
unde
r
ta
ke
n i
n r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
[
22]
.
T
he
c
e
r
e
br
a
l
c
e
nt
e
r
s
of
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
th
in
g
a
r
e
th
e
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
known
a
s
A
r
dui
no,
w
hi
c
h
ope
r
a
te
s
a
s
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
c
e
nt
r
a
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
uni
t.
F
ol
lo
w
in
g
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
da
ta
f
or
m
,
th
e
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
a
nd
in
te
r
pr
e
ti
ng
it
,
it
e
xe
c
ut
e
s
pr
e
pr
ogr
a
m
m
e
d
lo
gi
c
.
T
o
r
e
s
pond
s
w
if
tl
y
to
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
da
ta
th
a
t
a
r
r
iv
e
s
a
t
th
is
f
le
xi
bl
e
e
le
m
e
nt
is
r
e
qui
r
e
d.
I
t
c
a
n
be
s
e
t
up
to
do
a
va
r
ie
ty
ot
he
r
f
unc
ti
on,
li
ke
m
a
tc
hi
ng
th
e
r
e
c
or
de
d
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
nd s
e
tt
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
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I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
166
-
171
168
f
e
ve
r
th
r
e
s
hol
d.
O
nc
e
th
e
A
r
dui
no
m
ic
r
opr
oc
e
s
s
or
not
ic
e
s
a
n
e
l
e
va
te
d
or
hi
gh
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
,
it
a
dva
nc
e
s
to
th
e
not
if
ic
a
ti
ons
s
te
p.
T
he
out
put
of
t
he
s
ys
te
m
i
s
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
vi
a
a
noi
s
e
or
buz
z
e
r
. T
hi
s
pa
r
t
is
c
r
it
ic
a
l
to
t
he
pr
oc
e
dur
e
f
or
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng i
nput
f
r
om
us
e
r
s
.
W
he
n
t
he
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
of
t
he
A
r
dui
no j
udge
s
w
h
e
th
e
r
a
n
i
ndi
vi
dua
l
ha
s
a
f
e
ve
r
or
e
le
va
te
d
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
bod
y
'
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
da
ta
,
a
be
e
pe
r
or
s
pe
a
ke
r
e
m
it
s
a
w
a
r
ni
ng.
A
not
if
ic
a
ti
on
in
r
e
a
l
ti
m
e
in
f
or
m
in
g
th
e
us
e
r
to
th
e
ir
hi
ghe
r
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
is
s
e
nt
.
U
s
e
r
s
ta
ke
th
i
s
m
e
s
s
a
ge
a
s
a
n
a
le
r
t
to
ge
t
m
e
di
c
a
l
a
tt
e
nt
io
n pr
om
pt
ly
or
t
o t
a
ke
t
he
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y s
a
f
e
ty
pr
e
c
a
ut
io
ns
[
23]
.
A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
th
is
s
e
c
ti
on
of
th
e
di
a
gr
a
m
hi
ghl
ig
ht
s
th
e
m
a
jo
r
e
le
m
e
nt
s
of
our
f
e
ve
r
tr
a
c
ki
ng
s
ys
te
m
a
nd
s
how
s
how
w
e
ll
th
e
y
w
or
k
to
ge
th
e
r
to
pr
ovi
de
a
n
e
xha
u
s
ti
v
e
a
nd
di
s
ti
nc
ti
ve
he
a
lt
h
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ol
ut
io
n.
R
e
li
a
bl
e
da
ta
on
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
is
pr
ovi
de
d
by
th
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
ns
or
,
w
hi
c
h
is
c
om
pl
ie
d
w
it
h
by
th
e
A
r
dui
n
o
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
'
s
a
na
ly
s
is
a
nd
r
in
gi
ng of
t
he
a
le
r
ts
a
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
[
24]
. V
ia
t
he
s
ound of
a
buz
z
e
r
or
s
pe
a
ke
r
, t
he
us
e
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
a
n i
n
s
ta
nt
a
udi
bl
e
a
r
e
a
c
ti
on t
ha
t
pr
ovi
de
s
t
he
m
w
it
h c
r
uc
ia
l
de
ta
il
s
c
onc
e
r
ni
ng t
he
ir
pr
e
s
e
nt
-
da
y
he
a
lt
h. I
n a
ddi
ti
on t
o i
m
pa
r
ti
ng
de
e
p i
ns
ig
ht
, t
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g de
s
c
r
ip
ti
on give
s
a
di
s
ti
nc
ti
ve
e
xa
m
pl
e
of
how
our
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
t
te
c
hnol
ogy wor
ks
f
or
of
f
e
r
in
g us
e
r
s
di
s
c
r
e
te
a
nd
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
t
o m
e
di
c
a
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
F
ig
ur
e
1. B
lo
c
k di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
a
ir
qua
li
ty
m
oni
to
r
in
g
4.
H
A
R
D
WA
R
E
D
E
V
E
L
O
P
M
E
N
T
T
he
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
of
f
e
ve
r
a
la
r
m
s
ys
te
m
a
r
e
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
(
F
ig
ur
e
2)
:
‒
T
he
A
r
dui
no
boa
r
d
is
th
e
br
a
in
of
th
e
c
om
pl
e
te
s
ys
te
m
w
he
r
e
e
x
te
r
na
l
pow
e
r
s
uppl
y
ha
s
be
e
n
a
tt
a
c
he
d
w
it
h
it
f
r
om
12v a
da
pt
e
r
.
‒
T
he
g
r
ound
pi
n
of
th
e
m
lx
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
n
s
or
ha
s
be
e
n
c
onne
c
te
d
to
th
e
c
om
m
on
gr
ound
a
nd
vol
ta
ge
pi
n
to
th
e
e
xt
e
r
na
l
pow
e
r
.
T
he
a
na
lo
g
pi
n
of
th
e
m
ot
io
n
s
e
ns
or
ha
s
be
e
n
a
tt
a
c
he
d
w
it
h
th
e
A
1
a
nd
A
2
pi
n
of
A
r
dui
no boa
r
d.
‒
T
he
buz
z
e
r
gr
ound pin i
s
c
onne
c
te
d w
it
h gr
ound a
nd t
he
out
put
pi
n i
s
c
onne
c
te
d w
it
h pi
n numbe
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
2. C
onne
c
ti
on dia
gr
a
m
f
or
f
e
ve
r
a
la
r
m
s
ys
te
m
5.
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
N
T
A
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
S
Y
S
T
E
M
T
he
A
r
dui
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
'
s
s
e
tu
p
ph
a
s
e
i
s
a
c
r
uc
ia
l
f
ir
s
t
s
ta
ge
th
a
t
c
r
e
a
te
s
a
ba
s
is
f
or
e
ve
r
y
f
unc
ti
ona
l
f
unc
ti
on.
T
hi
s
is
a
c
r
it
ic
a
l
s
ta
g
e
s
in
c
e
it
s
e
t
up
c
r
it
ic
a
l
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
c
om
pone
nt
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
th
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
ns
or
a
nd
buz
z
e
r
.
T
hi
s
m
e
th
odol
ogy will
d
e
c
id
e
how
t
o w
or
k.
I
t
is
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y t
o
s
e
t
a
l
im
it
on t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
of
f
e
ve
r
,
onl
y
th
r
ough
th
is
w
e
w
il
l
de
te
r
m
in
e
th
e
h
e
a
lt
h
c
o
ndi
ti
on.
I
t
is
a
s
y
s
te
m
w
or
ki
ng
in
a
lo
op
to
c
ont
in
uous
ly
de
te
c
t
f
e
ve
r
a
nd
body
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
[
25]
.
T
hi
s
ongoi
ng
c
yc
le
e
ns
ur
e
s
th
a
t
th
e
de
vi
c
e
ta
ke
s
th
e
us
e
r
'
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
qui
c
kl
y
a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
w
hi
le
m
oni
to
r
in
g.
T
o
ge
t
m
or
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
bout
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
ha
r
dw
a
r
e
c
onf
ig
ur
a
ti
on a
nd c
onne
c
ti
ons
a
s
s
how
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
3.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8938
H
ig
h body
t
e
m
pe
r
at
ur
e
de
te
c
ti
on
s
ol
ut
io
n t
hr
ough touc
hl
e
s
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
f
or
…
(
Si
ddhar
th
Sw
am
i
)
169
F
ig
ur
e
3. H
a
r
dw
a
r
e
s
e
tu
p f
or
t
he
pr
opos
e
d s
ys
te
m
T
hi
s
c
a
n
b
e
done
by
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
a
na
lo
g
or
di
gi
ta
l
s
ig
na
ls
d
e
pe
ndi
ng
on
th
e
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
e
ns
or
be
in
g
us
e
d.
A
f
te
r
t
he
s
ys
te
m
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
da
ta
, i
t
c
onve
r
ts
t
he
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
i
nt
o a
m
e
a
s
ur
e
m
e
nt
a
nd r
e
tu
r
ns
t
he
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
i
n de
gr
e
e
s
C
e
ls
iu
s
a
nd F
a
hr
e
nhe
i
t.
T
hi
s
i
s
a
n i
m
po
r
ta
nt
s
te
p i
n t
he
f
ie
ld
of
he
a
lt
h be
c
a
us
e
i
t
he
lp
s
in
pr
ovi
di
ng
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
r
e
la
te
d
to
he
a
lt
h.
T
he
m
e
th
od
of
tr
a
n
s
f
or
m
a
ti
on
m
a
y
ne
e
d
c
a
lc
ul
a
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
s
e
ns
or
'
s
pr
ope
r
ti
e
s
or
i
t
m
a
y
r
e
ly
on
c
a
li
br
a
ti
on da
ta
s
pe
c
if
ic
t
o t
he
s
e
n
s
or
[
26]
. T
h
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
i
s
a
dj
u
s
te
d by
th
e
s
ys
te
m
be
f
or
e
it
c
he
c
ks
f
or
f
e
ve
r
.
T
hi
s
is
done
by
c
om
pa
r
in
g
th
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
e
a
s
ur
e
d
to
th
e
s
e
t
f
e
ve
r
th
r
e
s
hol
d.
T
he
n
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
of
th
e
u
s
e
r
e
x
c
e
e
ds
th
e
li
m
it
in
di
c
a
ti
ng
f
e
ve
r
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
gi
ve
a
f
e
ve
r
a
la
r
m
.
A
nd
w
he
ne
ve
r
th
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
nor
m
a
l,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
s
ta
r
ts
gi
vi
ng
it
s
r
e
gul
a
r
obs
e
r
va
ti
ons
.
T
he
de
vi
c
e
in
s
ta
nt
ly
s
ounds
a
w
a
r
ni
ng
vi
a
th
e
s
p
e
a
ke
r
or
buz
z
e
r
w
he
n
it
s
e
n
s
e
s
a
bod
y
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
th
a
t
is
e
le
va
te
d
a
nd
m
a
y
in
di
c
a
te
a
f
e
ve
r
.
T
he
us
e
r
r
e
c
e
iv
e
s
a
n
in
s
ta
nt
a
n
e
ous
,
vi
s
ua
ll
y
a
r
r
e
s
ti
ng
in
di
c
a
ti
on
w
he
n
th
e
ir
he
a
lt
h
s
ta
te
c
ha
nge
s
th
a
nks
to
th
is
a
udi
to
r
y
not
if
ic
a
ti
on
[
27]
.
E
xt
r
a
de
ta
il
s
on
th
e
f
e
ve
r
e
pi
s
ode
m
ig
ht
a
ls
o
b
e
s
how
n
on
a
s
c
r
e
e
n
th
a
t
i
s
a
tt
a
c
he
d, i
f
t
he
y a
r
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
l
e
, t
o he
lp
t
he
us
e
r
be
c
om
e
e
ve
n m
or
e
a
w
a
r
e
of
t
he
ir
he
a
lt
h. A
t
th
is
poi
nt
, a
s
hor
t
de
la
y
ti
m
e
is
a
dde
d
to
s
to
p
uni
nt
e
r
r
upt
e
d
a
la
r
m
a
c
ti
va
ti
on
a
nd
lo
w
e
r
th
e
num
be
r
o
f
f
a
ls
e
a
la
r
m
s
.
I
t
is
c
us
to
m
a
r
y
f
or
c
ont
in
uous
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
s
to
r
e
s
e
t
a
nd
pr
e
pa
r
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
f
or
th
e
ne
xt
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
a
di
ng
dur
in
g
th
is
in
te
r
va
l.
T
he
a
le
r
t
is
r
e
s
e
t
a
nd
th
e
s
ys
te
m
ke
e
ps
c
he
c
ki
ng
th
e
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
a
f
te
r
th
e
ti
m
e
pe
r
io
d.
M
oni
to
r
in
g t
he
f
e
ve
r
a
le
r
t
a
nd
r
e
c
e
iv
in
g
de
e
pe
r
he
a
lt
h
-
r
e
la
te
d
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
r
e
m
a
de
pos
s
ib
le
by
th
e
m
e
nt
io
ne
d
c
a
p
a
bi
li
ti
e
s
.
P
ow
e
r
-
s
a
vi
ng
s
le
e
p
m
ode
s
th
a
t
c
on
s
e
r
ve
e
n
e
r
gy
w
hi
le
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
is
in
a
c
ti
v
e
.
A
t
th
e
e
nd
of
e
a
c
h
c
yc
le
,
th
e
de
vi
c
e
m
ove
s
s
im
pl
y
to
it
s
pr
im
a
r
y
f
unc
ti
ons
of
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
f
e
ve
r
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on.
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
of
th
is
ne
ve
r
-
e
ndi
ng
c
yc
le
,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
is
a
lwa
ys
on
gua
r
d,
be
in
g
of
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
he
a
lt
h
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
is
s
ui
ng
a
la
r
m
s
w
he
n ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
[
28]
.
6.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
I
n
th
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
tu
dy,
a
f
r
e
s
h
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
on
th
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
g
im
por
ta
nc
e
of
he
a
lt
h
a
nd
ha
ppi
ne
s
s
in
m
ode
r
n
s
oc
ie
ty
i
s
s
how
c
a
s
e
d.
I
t
us
e
s
a
n
in
nova
ti
ve
f
e
v
e
r
m
oni
to
r
in
g
de
vi
c
e
th
a
t
c
om
bi
ne
s
di
s
c
r
e
te
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
s
e
ns
or
s
w
it
h
A
r
dui
no
m
ic
r
oc
ont
r
ol
le
r
te
c
hnol
ogy
to
gi
ve
c
us
to
m
e
r
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
he
a
lt
h
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
W
e
ha
ve
c
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
c
ons
id
e
r
e
d
th
e
not
io
n
of
"
s
te
a
lt
h"
th
r
oughout
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
our
s
ol
ut
io
n
in
or
de
r
to
pr
e
s
e
r
ve
us
e
r
pr
iv
a
c
y
a
nd
m
e
e
t
th
e
pr
e
s
s
in
g
ne
e
d
f
or
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
he
a
lt
h
m
oni
to
r
in
g.
O
ur
A
r
du
in
o
s
ys
te
m
is
a
good
e
xa
m
pl
e
of
how
lo
w
c
os
t
hom
e
m
e
di
c
a
l
de
vi
c
e
s
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
m
oni
to
r
one
'
s
he
a
lt
h.
I
t
in
di
c
a
te
s
th
e
us
e
r
'
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
gul
a
r
ly
a
s
pa
r
t
of
it
s
gua
r
di
a
n
f
unc
ti
on,
a
nd
it
s
w
if
tl
y
a
le
r
ts
th
e
m
if
a
n
e
le
va
te
d
te
m
p
e
r
a
tu
r
e
is
f
ound
—
a
n
e
a
r
ly
i
ndi
c
a
to
r
of
f
e
ve
r
.
V
is
ua
l
or
a
udi
to
r
y
not
i
f
ic
a
ti
ons
c
a
n
be
us
e
d
to
r
e
c
e
iv
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
on
c
ha
nge
s
in
th
e
c
ondi
ti
on
of
a
pe
r
s
on’
s
he
a
lt
h
s
o
th
a
t
th
e
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
a
c
ti
ons
w
oul
d
be
ta
ke
n
or
m
e
di
c
a
l
he
lp
c
oul
d
be
s
ought by t
he
m
qui
c
kl
y. A
nd w
it
h
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
pr
o
gr
e
s
s
w
e
c
a
n i
m
pr
ove
huma
n w
e
lf
a
r
e
. I
t
r
e
m
in
ds
us
o
f
our
dut
ie
s
to
pr
io
r
it
iz
e
he
a
lt
h
a
nd
w
e
ll
-
be
in
g
a
lwa
y
s
th
a
t
a
ls
o
h
e
lp
s
us
a
c
hi
e
ve
our
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
.
T
hi
s
te
m
pe
r
a
tu
r
e
m
oni
to
r
in
g
s
ys
te
m
is
a
n
im
por
ta
nt
s
te
p
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
of
s
e
c
ur
it
y
of
hom
e
s
a
nd
publ
ic
pl
a
c
e
s
.
I
t
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
n
im
por
ta
nt
to
ol
f
o
r
e
a
r
ly
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on.
W
e
s
tr
ongl
y
be
li
e
ve
th
a
t
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
c
ts
a
s
a
de
pe
nda
bl
e
s
e
nt
in
e
l
a
nd
th
a
t
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
is
our
m
os
t
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
w
e
a
pon.
T
he
pur
pos
e
of
th
is
a
r
ti
c
le
is
to
e
xpl
or
e
th
e
c
or
r
e
la
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
a
c
a
s
e
th
a
t
e
xe
m
pl
if
ie
s
how
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
a
dva
n
c
e
m
e
nt
c
oul
d
le
a
d
to
be
tt
e
r
he
a
lt
h
r
e
s
ul
ts
.
I
t
is
ve
r
y
im
por
ta
nt
f
or
th
e
s
oc
ie
ty
to
p
a
y
a
tt
e
nt
io
n
to
it
s
he
a
lt
h.
A
nd
w
it
h
th
e
he
lp
o
f
th
is
pr
oj
e
c
t,
w
e
c
a
n s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
i
m
pr
ove
bot
h i
nd
iv
id
ua
l
a
nd s
oc
ie
ta
l
he
a
lt
h t
o a
gr
e
a
t
e
xt
e
nt
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
N
.
V
e
r
m
a
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
nove
l
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
de
vi
c
e
f
or
c
ont
i
nuous
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
&
f
e
ve
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on,”
I
E
E
E
J
our
nal
of
T
r
ans
l
at
i
onal
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng i
n H
e
al
t
h and M
e
di
c
i
ne
,
pp. 1
-
7, 2021, doi
:
10.1109/
J
T
E
H
M
.2021.3098127.
[
2]
K
.
W
a
ng,
S
.
C
a
o
,
J
.
K
a
u
r
,
M
.
G
ha
f
u
r
i
a
n
,
Z
.
A
.
B
u
t
t
,
a
nd
P
.
M
or
i
t
a
,
“
H
e
a
r
t
r
a
t
e
p
r
e
di
c
t
i
on
w
i
t
h
c
on
t
a
c
t
l
e
s
s
a
c
t
i
ve
a
s
s
i
s
t
e
d
l
i
vi
ng
t
e
c
h
no
l
og
y:
a
s
m
a
r
t
ho
m
e
a
p
pr
oa
c
h
f
o
r
ol
d
e
r
a
d
ul
t
s
,”
F
r
on
t
i
e
r
s
i
n
A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
,
vo
l
.
6,
20
23
, d
oi
:
10.
33
89/
f
r
a
i
.2
02
3.1
34
242
7.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
1
,
F
e
br
ua
r
y
20
25
:
166
-
171
170
[
3]
A
. S
hukl
a
, A
.
J
a
i
n, I
.
U
. K
ha
n, a
nd P
.
S
.
C
ha
uha
n, “
H
e
a
l
t
hc
a
r
e
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
of
t
hi
ng
s
(
H
I
oT
)
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
a
nd i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
t
i
on,”
A
I
and
I
oT
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and A
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons
f
or
Sm
ar
t
H
e
al
t
hc
ar
e
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, pp. 275
–
291,
2024, doi
:
10.1201/
9781032686745
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[
4]
J
. A
bba
s
i
, “
W
e
a
r
a
bl
e
di
gi
t
a
l
t
he
r
m
om
e
t
e
r
i
m
pr
ove
s
f
e
ve
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on,”
J
am
a
, vol
. 318, no. 6, 2017, doi
:
10.1001/
j
a
m
a
.2017.10248.
[
5]
M
.
E
.
M
a
t
a
-
R
om
e
r
o
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
l
ow
-
c
o
s
t
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
de
vi
c
e
t
o
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
e
body
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
ba
s
e
d
on
w
r
i
s
t
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
,”
Se
ns
o
r
s
,
vol
.
24, no. 6, 2024, doi
:
10.3390/
s
24061944.
[
6]
N
. N
. A
z
m
a
n a
nd
M
.
M
. A
ddi
, “
A
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
non
-
c
ont
a
c
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
ur
e
de
t
e
c
t
or
f
or
e
a
r
l
y de
t
e
c
t
i
on of
f
e
ve
r
,”
i
n
2021 I
E
E
E
N
at
i
onal
B
i
om
e
di
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
(
N
B
E
C
)
, N
ov. 2021, pp. 82
–
88. doi
:
10.1109/
N
B
E
C
53282.2021.9618760.
[
7]
M
.
S
.
M
onda
l
,
K
.
R
oy,
a
nd
S
.
S
a
r
ka
r
,
“
D
e
s
i
gn
a
nd
de
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
r
e
m
ot
e
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
de
vi
c
e
f
or
s
m
a
r
t
t
r
a
c
ki
ng of
C
O
V
I
D
-
19 f
e
ve
r
,”
SSR
N
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
J
our
nal
, 2020, doi
:
10.2139/
s
s
r
n.3735919.
[
8]
S
.
S
hi
nde
,
S
.
A
ga
r
w
a
l
,
D
.
J
a
i
s
w
a
l
,
A
.
G
hos
e
,
S
.
K
i
m
ba
hune
,
a
nd
P
.
P
i
l
l
a
i
,
“
T
he
r
m
oT
r
a
k:
s
m
a
r
t
phone
ba
s
e
d
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
f
e
ve
r
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng,”
i
n
T
he
18t
h C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on E
m
be
dde
d
N
e
t
w
or
k
e
d Se
ns
o
r
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, 2
020, pp. 639
–
640. doi
:
10.1145/
3384419.3430400.
[
9]
S
.
N
a
ndi
,
S
.
K
a
r
f
or
m
a
,
R
.
B
os
e
,
a
nd
S
.
R
oy,
“
I
oT
-
ba
s
e
d
s
m
a
r
t
door
s
ys
t
e
m
f
or
c
ont
a
c
t
l
e
s
s
f
a
c
e
m
a
s
k
a
nd
body
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
i
n
publ
i
c
s
pa
c
e
s
:
a
s
e
c
ur
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
e
nha
nc
e
d
he
a
l
t
h s
a
f
e
t
y,”
i
n
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Se
c
u
r
i
t
y
,
Su
r
v
e
i
l
l
anc
e
and A
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
al
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
(
I
C
SSA
I
-
2023)
, 2024, pp. 205
–
214. doi
:
10.1201
/
978
1003428459
-
23.
[
10]
A
.
A
l
i
e
t
al
.
,
“
S
m
a
r
t
de
t
e
c
t
i
ng
a
nd
ve
r
s
a
t
i
l
e
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
s
e
ns
i
ng
m
e
di
u
m
s
f
or
he
a
l
t
hc
a
r
e
,”
Se
ns
or
s
,
vol
.
23,
no.
14,
2023,
doi
:
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s
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[
11]
M
.
R
.
I
s
l
a
m
,
M
.
M
.
K
a
bi
r
,
M
.
F
.
M
r
i
dha
,
S
.
A
l
f
a
r
hood,
M
.
S
a
f
r
a
n,
a
nd
D
.
C
he
,
“
D
e
e
p
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
-
ba
s
e
d
I
oT
s
ys
t
e
m
f
or
r
e
m
ot
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng a
nd e
a
r
l
y de
t
e
c
t
i
on of
he
a
l
t
h i
s
s
ue
s
i
n r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
,”
Se
ns
o
r
s
, vol
. 23, n
o. 11, 2023, doi
:
10.3390/
s
23115204.
[
12]
C
.
C
os
t
a
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
de
vi
c
e
f
or
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
bi
om
e
t
r
i
c
s
ym
pt
om
s
de
t
e
c
t
i
on,”
I
R
B
M
,
vol
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44,
no.
6,
2023,
doi
:
10.1016/
j
.i
r
bm
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[
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P
.
W
e
i
,
C
.
Y
a
ng,
a
nd
X
.
J
i
a
ng,
“
L
ow
-
c
o
s
t
m
ul
t
i
-
pe
r
s
on
c
ont
i
nuous
s
ki
n
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
s
e
ns
i
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
f
e
ve
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on:
P
os
t
e
r
a
bs
t
r
a
c
t
,”
i
n
Se
nSy
s
2020
-
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
2020
18t
h
A
C
M
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
o
n
E
m
be
dde
d
N
e
t
w
or
k
e
d
Se
n
s
or
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
2020,
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705
–
706. doi
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3384419.3430398.
[
14]
B
.
L
.
S
m
a
r
r
e
t
al
.
,
“
F
e
a
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
of
c
ont
i
nuous
f
e
ve
r
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
us
i
ng
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
d
e
vi
c
e
s
,”
S
c
i
e
nt
i
f
i
c
R
e
por
t
s
,
vol
.
10,
no.
1,
2020,
doi
:
10.1038/
s
41598
-
020
-
78355
-
6.
[
15]
M
.
J
i
a
e
t
al
.
,
“
U
l
t
r
a
f
i
ne
a
nd
m
i
c
r
oi
nva
s
i
ve
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
pr
obe
f
or
r
e
a
l
‐
t
i
m
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
c
or
e
body
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
,”
A
dv
anc
e
d
Se
n
s
o
r
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, vol
. 3, no. 5, 2024, doi
:
10.1002/
a
ds
r
.202300187.
[
16]
N
.
N
.
A
z
m
a
n,
M
.
M
.
A
ddi
,
a
nd
A
.
A
l
-
A
be
d,
“
D
e
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
a
n
I
oT
e
m
be
d
de
d
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
d
e
vi
c
e
w
i
t
h
non
-
c
ont
a
c
t
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
de
t
e
c
t
or
f
or
e
a
r
l
y
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
of
f
e
ve
r
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
gr
at
e
d
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
vol
.
15,
no.
3,
pp.
15
–
27,
2023,
doi
:
10.30880/
i
j
i
e
.2023.15.03.002.
[
17]
M
.
L
.
H
oa
ng,
M
.
C
a
r
r
a
t
ù,
V
.
P
a
c
i
e
l
l
o,
a
nd
A
.
P
i
e
t
r
os
a
nt
o,
“
B
ody
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
—
i
ndoor
c
ondi
t
i
on
m
oni
t
o
r
a
nd
a
c
t
i
vi
t
y
r
e
c
ogni
t
i
on
by
m
e
m
s
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
om
e
t
e
r
ba
s
e
d
on
I
oT
-
a
l
e
r
t
s
ys
t
e
m
f
or
pe
opl
e
i
n
qua
r
a
nt
i
ne
due
t
o
C
O
V
I
D
-
19,”
Se
ns
or
s
,
vol
.
21,
no.
7,
2021,
doi
:
10.3390/
s
21072313.
[
18]
A
.
M
.
A
l
-
Q
a
ht
a
ni
,
S
.
A
l
i
,
A
.
K
ha
n,
a
nd
A
.
B
e
r
m
a
k,
“
P
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
opt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on
of
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
pr
i
nt
e
d
hum
a
n
body
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
s
e
ns
or
ba
s
e
d on s
i
l
ve
r
i
nt
e
r
di
gi
t
a
t
e
d e
l
e
c
t
r
ode
a
nd c
a
r
bon
-
s
e
n
s
i
ng f
i
l
m
,”
Se
ns
or
s
, vol
.
23, no. 4, 2023, doi
:
10.3390/
s
23041869.
[
19]
M
.
W
.
H
a
s
a
n,
“
C
ovi
d
-
19
f
e
ve
r
s
ym
pt
om
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
ba
s
e
d
on
I
oT
c
l
oud,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
and
C
om
put
e
r
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
, vol
. 11, no. 2, pp. 1823
–
1829, 2021, doi
:
10.11591/
i
j
e
c
e
.v11i
2.pp1823
-
1829.
[
20]
T
.
R
uf
f
i
n
e
t
al
.
,
“
N
on
-
i
nva
s
i
ve
l
ow
c
os
t
f
e
ve
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,”
i
n
Sout
he
as
t
C
on
2021
,
2021,
pp.
1
–
7.
doi
:
10.1109/
S
out
he
a
s
t
C
on45413.2021.9401821.
[
21]
B
.
A
l
i
ć
,
T
.
Z
a
ube
r
,
C
.
W
i
e
de
,
a
nd
K
.
S
e
i
dl
,
“
C
ur
r
e
nt
m
e
t
hods
f
or
c
ont
a
c
t
l
e
s
s
opt
i
c
a
l
pa
t
i
e
nt
di
a
gnos
i
s
:
a
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
,
”
B
i
oM
e
di
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng O
nl
i
ne
, vol
. 22, no. 1, 2023, doi
:
10.1186/
s
12938
-
023
-
01125
-
8.
[
22]
M
.
Y
i
n,
R
.
M
a
,
H
.
L
uo,
J
.
L
i
,
Q
.
Z
ha
o,
a
nd
M
.
Z
ha
ng,
“
N
on
-
c
ont
a
c
t
s
e
ns
i
ng
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
e
na
bl
e
s
pr
e
c
i
s
i
on
l
i
ve
s
t
oc
k
f
a
r
m
i
ng
i
n
s
m
a
r
t
f
a
r
m
s
,”
C
om
put
e
r
s
and E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
s
i
n A
gr
i
c
ul
t
u
r
e
, vol
. 212, 2023, doi
:
10.1016/
j
.c
om
pa
g.2023.108171.
[
23]
K
.
B
.
G
a
n,
S
.
A
.
M
ohd,
a
nd
T
.
Y
.
N
g,
“
A
pps
-
ba
s
e
d
t
e
m
pe
r
a
t
ur
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
l
oc
a
t
i
on
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
f
or
m
e
di
c
a
l
ne
e
ds
d
e
l
i
ve
r
y
us
i
ng
dr
one
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
I
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
v
e
M
obi
l
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
vol
.
15,
no.
9,
pp.
103
–
117,
2021,
doi
:
10.3991/
i
j
i
m
.v15i
09.20039.
[
24]
T
.
B
a
s
m
a
j
i
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
l
ow
-
c
os
t
I
o
T
node
f
o
r
f
e
ve
r
de
t
e
c
t
i
on
us
i
ng
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
,”
i
n
2022
2nd
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
C
om
put
i
ng and M
ac
hi
ne
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
(
I
C
M
I
)
, 2022, pp. 1
–
5. doi
:
10.1109/
I
C
M
I
55296.2022.9873777.
[
25]
M
.
L
a
z
a
r
o,
A
.
L
a
z
a
r
o,
R
.
V
i
l
l
a
r
i
no,
a
nd
D
.
G
i
r
ba
u,
“
S
m
a
r
t
f
a
c
e
m
a
s
k
w
i
t
h
a
n
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
d
he
a
t
f
l
ux
s
e
ns
or
f
o
r
f
a
s
t
a
nd
r
e
m
ot
e
p
e
opl
e
’
s
he
a
l
t
hc
a
r
e
m
oni
t
or
i
ng,”
Se
ns
or
s
, vol
. 21, no. 22, 2021, doi
:
10.3390/
s
21227472
.
[
26]
T
.
T
a
m
u
r
a
,
Y
.
U
da
,
M
.
M
ur
a
ka
m
i
,
E
.
T
a
nj
i
,
a
nd
S
.
K
i
m
ur
a
,
“
A
c
c
ur
a
t
e
f
e
ve
r
s
c
r
e
e
ni
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
vi
s
i
bl
e
c
a
m
e
r
a
a
nd
t
he
r
m
ogr
a
ph,”
i
n
I
nf
r
ar
e
d T
e
c
hnol
ogy
and A
ppl
i
c
at
i
ons
X
L
V
I
I
, 2021, p. 32. do
i
:
10.1117/
12.2586886.
[
27]
A
. D
.
M
i
s
h
r
a
,
B
.
T
h
a
k
r
a
l
, A
.
J
i
j
j
a
, a
n
d N
.
S
ha
r
m
a
, “
R
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
v
i
t
a
l
s
i
g
ns
m
on
i
t
o
r
i
n
g a
n
d da
t
a
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
us
i
ng
a
l
ow
-
c
os
t
I
o
T
-
b
a
s
e
d
h
e
a
l
t
h
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
s
ys
t
e
m
,”
J
our
n
al
of
H
e
a
l
t
h
M
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
,
vo
l
.
26
,
n
o.
3,
p
p
.
44
9
–
4
5
9,
20
24
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.1
17
7
/
0
9
72
06
3
42
41
2
46
92
6
.
[
28]
S
.
L
i
e
t
al
.
,
“
A
dva
n
c
e
d
t
e
xt
i
l
e
-
ba
s
e
d
w
e
a
r
a
bl
e
bi
o
s
e
ns
or
s
f
or
he
a
l
t
hc
a
r
e
m
o
ni
t
or
i
ng,”
B
i
os
e
ns
or
s
,
vol
.
13,
no.
10,
2023,
doi
:
10.3390/
bi
os
13100909.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
H
I
E
S
O
F
A
U
T
H
O
R
S
Siddharth
Swami
received
his
bachelor’s
degree
from
Uttarakh
and
Technical
University
in
civil
engineering
and
completed
his
masters
in
environme
ntal
engineering.
He
has
also
qualified
UGC
NET
and
GATE
exam.
He
has
published
various
S
CI
articles
in
Q1
journals
and
currently
pursuing
his
Ph.D.
in
Renewable
en
ergy
from
Doon
University.
He
has
also
published more than dozen patents in the
field of sustainability, techno
logy and innovation. He
can be cont
acted at em
ail: si
ddharths
wami3@
gmail.co
m.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
H
ig
h body
t
e
m
pe
r
at
ur
e
de
te
c
ti
on
s
ol
ut
io
n t
hr
ough touc
hl
e
s
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
f
or
…
(
Si
ddhar
th
Sw
am
i
)
171
Lalit
Mohan
Joshi
is
an
Assistant
Professor
in
the
Computer
Science
and
Engineering
Department
at
Haridwar
University,
with
2.5
years
of
teaching
and
7
years
of
research
experience.
He
has
published
19
research
papers,
a
book
cha
pter
in
a
Springer
series,
and
edited
a
book.
Notably,
he
holds
an
Indian
pate
nt
for
a
waste
man
agement
system
and
has
received
several
awards,
including
the
"
Devbhoomi
ex
cellence
educat
ion
award
2023"
and
the
"
International
distinguished
young
scientist
award
2024."
He
is
also
a
member
of
19
national
and int
ernational
research so
cieties.
He can be con
tacted at
email:
lalitm.joshi09@gmail.com.
Mohammed
Ismail
Iqbal
is
a
distinguished
professional
with
a
rob
ust
educational
background
and
extensive
experience
spanning
over
12
years
in
both
industrial
and
teaching
fields,
both
nationall
y
and
internatio
nally.
He
holds
an
MBA
in
Oil
&
Gas
Management
from
the
University
of
Petrole
um
&
Energ
y
Studies
and
earn
ed
his
Ph.
D.
in
Manag
ement
from
Lincoln
University
College,
Malaysia.
He
expertise
extends
to
provid
ing
corporate
training
to
industry
giants
such
as
HCL,
ITC,
BAPEX,
and
CAIRN
ENERGY,
s
howcasing
his
versatility
and
proficiency
in
the
field
of
management.
He
can
be
contacted
at
email:
mohammed.iqba
l@
utas.edu.om.
Meera
Sharma
is
an
Associate
Professor
at
Uttaranchal
Universit
y
in
Dehradun,
India,
with
over
18
years
of
academic
and
administrative
experience. She
completed
her
Ph.D.
from Uttarakhan
d Technical Un
iversity
and has present
ed research int
ernationally
, includi
ng at
th
e
World
Bank
and
American
University
in
Phnom
Penh.
An
accompl
ished
researcher
,
she
has
published numerous papers, rece
ived various
awards for her
contributi
ons to academia, and has
a
strong
interest
in
organizational
behavior
and
human
resource
m
anagement
.
She
can
be
contacted
at
email:
meerasha
rma@uumail.in.
Amar
Jeet
Rawat
is
associated
with
Uttaranchal
University
Dehradun
as
an
Assistant
Professor
and
in
the
School
of
Computing
Sciences.
He
ha
s
more
than
15
years
of
Industry
and
Teaching
Experience
combined.
He
published
a
number
of
patents
and
research
papers.
His
researc
h
area
is
artificial
intell
igence,
machine
learning,
d
eep
learning,
and
natural
language
processing
. He can be contac
ted at
email:
aj.amar.rawat
@
gmail.co
m
.
Sameer
Dev
Sharma
distinguished
professional
with
a
robu
st
educational
background and extensive expe
rience spanning over 16 yea
rs in teachi
ng fields. He is pursuing
his doctoral degree from Uttar
anchal University in Artificial Intelligen
ce. His field of expertise
is
in
AI,
machine
learning,
and
programming
languages
.
He
can
be
contacted
at
sameershar
ma@
uttaranchalunive
rsity.ac.in.
Rajesh
Singh
an
accomplished
academician
and
researcher
,
hol
ds
a
Ph.D.
in
Engineering,
with
a
distinguished
M.Tech.
in
Electronics
and
Com
munication
Engineering
(ECE)
and
a
B.E.
in
ECE
with
honours.
With
18
years
of
academic
experience,
he
currently
serves
as
a
Profes
sor
in
ECE
and
as
the
Director
of
the
Division
of
R
esearch
&
Innovation
at
Uttaranchal
University,
Dehradun,
India.
His
international
academic
fo
otprint
extends
to
a
post
-
doctorate
position
at
Universidad
Internacional
Iberoamericana
,
Mex
ico.
He
has
contri
buted
significantly
to
researc
h
with
20
years
of
experience
,
securing
fundi
ng
for
four
government
projects,
publishing
43
international
books,
and
authoring
411
SCI/S
copus
papers.
He
can
be
contacted
at email
: drrajesh
singh00
4@
gmail.co
m.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.