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1
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2
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a.
R
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b.
R
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B
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w
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[
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n
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
in
o
r
d
er
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t,
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
s
ec
u
r
i
t
y
an
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
to
e
x
p
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
y
f
o
r
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
f
ea
s
i
b
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
f
itab
ilit
y
r
ea
s
o
n
s
.
On
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
th
e
f
ield
o
f
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
r
e
m
ain
s
f
er
tile
a
n
d
o
p
en
s
its
d
o
o
r
s
to
r
esear
ch
an
d
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
it
is
a
tr
u
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ch
a
llen
g
e
i
n
s
o
f
ar
as
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
a
n
d
th
e
i
n
f
r
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
b
ased
o
n
in
tell
ig
e
n
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
g
r
ea
tl
y
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
w
ir
eles
s
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ize
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
o
d
es)
an
d
r
o
u
tin
g
.
I
n
f
ac
t,
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
it
is
v
er
y
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
e
v
en
in
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
to
r
ep
lace
r
eg
u
lar
l
y
t
h
e
f
a
u
lt
y
n
o
d
es,
w
h
ic
h
w
o
u
ld
r
es
u
lt
in
a
h
ig
h
co
s
t
o
f
m
ai
n
ten
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
er
ef
o
r
e
in
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
,
[
5
-
9
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
is
v
er
y
u
s
ef
u
l
to
s
ea
r
ch
th
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
d
ata
r
o
u
t
in
g
an
d
to
li
m
it
u
n
n
ec
e
s
s
ar
y
d
at
a
s
en
d
i
n
g
an
d
t
h
e
co
lli
s
io
n
s
[
6
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
aim
ch
alle
n
g
e
f
o
r
in
te
lli
g
en
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
i
s
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
ical
li
m
itatio
n
s
i
n
d
ata
tr
a
f
f
ic
s
u
ch
a
s
s
y
s
te
m
n
o
is
e,
s
i
g
n
a
l
atten
u
atio
n
,
r
esp
o
n
s
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
s
,
p
o
w
er
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
,
an
d
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
r
ates
etc…
T
h
is
p
ap
er
em
p
h
asi
s
o
n
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
f
o
r
w
ir
eles
s
p
r
o
to
co
ls
w
h
ich
s
ta
n
d
s
f
o
r
s
u
p
er
io
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t,
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
j
ec
t o
f
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
i
s
f
o
r
r
ea
lizin
g
a
n
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
tr
ate
g
y
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
m
an
y
s
y
s
te
m
e
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ad
v
an
tag
es
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
o
f
f
er
co
s
t
-
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
an
ap
p
licatio
n
.
3.
NE
W
CO
NS
T
RA
I
N
T
S O
F
I
NT
E
L
L
I
G
E
NT
S
E
NSO
R
S
YST
E
M
S
An
i
n
tel
lig
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
i
s
a
n
el
ec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
ta
k
i
n
g
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
a
p
h
y
s
ical
q
u
a
n
tit
y
a
s
a
n
elec
tr
ical
s
i
g
n
al,
it
in
te
lli
g
en
c
e
lie
i
n
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
c
h
ec
k
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t
ex
ec
u
tio
n
o
f
a
m
etr
o
lo
g
y
al
g
o
r
ith
m
,
i
n
r
e
m
o
te
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
,
i
n
i
ts
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
r
elati
n
g
to
t
h
e
s
a
f
et
y
,
d
iag
n
o
s
i
s
,
co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
in
telli
g
e
n
t se
n
s
o
r
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
[
10
-
13
]:
1)
A
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
c
h
ain
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
2)
A
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
i
th
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
en
s
o
r
to
a
ce
n
tr
al
co
m
p
u
ter
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
ar
t
r
e
f
le
cts
a
ll
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
llect
ed
b
y
a
n
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
a
n
d
allo
w
s
t
h
e
u
s
er
to
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
f
o
r
o
p
er
atio
n
.
I
t
is
th
er
ef
o
r
e
ab
s
o
lu
tel
y
es
s
e
n
tial
t
h
at
t
h
i
s
i
n
te
r
f
ac
e
b
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
a
n
d
r
eliab
le.
F
ig
u
r
e
1
ill
u
s
tr
ates
t
h
e
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
it
h
its
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tin
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
t.
A
v
ar
ie
t
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
(
w
i
r
eless
m
o
d
u
les)
is
a
v
ailab
le,
b
u
t
n
o
t
all
s
en
s
o
r
s
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
th
ese
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
s
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
er
m
u
s
t
s
elec
t
an
i
n
ter
f
ac
e
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
est
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
w
ith
t
h
e
o
th
er
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
tak
in
g
in
o
u
r
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
co
s
ts
an
d
th
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
o
f
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
I
n
fo
r
ma
n
ce
I
n
d
ica
to
r
s
fo
r
W
i
r
eless
…
(
S
a
a
d
C
h
a
kk
o
r
)
131
ap
p
licatio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
o
th
er
s
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
co
llect
r
e
m
o
te
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
s
u
c
h
m
o
b
ile
an
d
s
ate
llit
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
p
r
o
b
lem
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ar
e:
at
t
en
u
at
io
n
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
(
d
is
tan
ce
,
o
b
s
tacle
s
,
r
ain
.
.
.
)
,
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
ath
.
T
h
e
r
ea
lizatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
b
ased
o
n
s
m
ar
t
s
en
s
o
r
s
d
ed
icate
d
to
th
e
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
I
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
th
at
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
t
s
[
3
]:
a.
T
h
e
n
o
d
es a
r
e
d
ep
l
o
y
ed
in
h
i
g
h
n
u
m
b
er
s
b.
A
t a
n
y
t
i
m
e,
t
h
e
n
o
d
es
m
a
y
b
e
f
au
l
t
y
o
r
in
h
ib
ited
c.
T
h
e
to
p
o
l
o
g
y
ch
a
n
g
es v
er
y
f
r
e
q
u
en
tl
y
d.
T
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
is
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
an
in
tel
li
g
e
n
t se
n
s
o
r
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
I
n
o
th
er
w
a
y
,
t
h
e
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
h
a
v
e
b
en
e
f
its
li
k
e
ad
-
h
o
c
to
p
o
lo
g
y
w
h
ich
i
s
ea
s
y
to
d
ep
lo
y
,
lo
w
co
s
t,
s
en
s
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ie
s
in
d
if
f
icu
lt
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
R
e
g
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
eir
c
h
alle
n
g
e
s
t
h
e
y
ar
e
li
m
ited
i
n
en
er
g
y
,
i
n
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
ca
p
ac
it
y
,
i
n
s
ize
o
f
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
i
n
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
e
y
n
ee
d
also
s
ec
u
r
it
y
i
n
ter
m
o
f
d
ata
co
n
f
id
en
tialit
y
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fo
r
ad
-
h
o
c
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
w
a
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
a
n
a
i
m
f
ac
t
o
r
b
u
t
n
o
t
es
s
en
t
ial
b
ec
au
s
e
e
n
er
g
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
t
h
e
u
s
er
.
T
h
ese
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
t
h
e
Qo
S
t
h
an
th
e
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
C
o
n
tr
ar
i
w
i
s
e,
i
n
s
en
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
,
th
e
tr
an
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
t
i
m
e
a
n
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
ar
e
t
w
o
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics s
i
n
ce
g
e
n
er
all
y
t
h
e
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
ar
e
d
ep
l
o
y
ed
in
a
v
ast i
n
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
ar
ea
s
.
4.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE INDI
CA
T
O
RS
I
n
telli
g
en
ts
w
ir
eless
s
e
n
s
o
r
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
ar
e
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
t
r
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
es
m
a
y
also
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
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I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
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Vo
l.
3
,
No
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3
,
Octo
b
e
r
201
4
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29
–
14
3
136
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.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
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I
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N:
2252
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8776
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u
r
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it E
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ic
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ce
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3
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ip
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et
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Co
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n
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r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
2
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IJ
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u
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