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©
2018
In
stit
u
te
of
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
E
n
g
i
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All
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re
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C
o
r
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e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
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:
J
L
Ma
zh
er
I
q
b
al
,
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
of
El
e
c
tro
n
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a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
E
n
g
in
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rin
g
,
V
e
l
T
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c
h
Dr.RR
&
Dr.S
R
T
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c
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n
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a
l
Un
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Ch
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In
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2252
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8
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Vo
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No
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3
,
Dec
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201
8
:
1
1
7
–
123
118
s
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er
v
in
g
la
u
n
c
h
of
V
-
2
r
o
ck
ets
in
t
h
e
y
ea
r
1942
at
T
est
Stan
d
VI
I
in
P
ee
n
e
m
u
n
d
e,
Ger
m
a
n
y
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
su
r
v
e
y
p
r
esen
t
ed
in
th
is
r
ep
o
r
t,
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
U.
S
m
u
n
icip
ali
ties
(
m
o
s
tl
y
o
u
ts
id
e
C
alif
o
r
n
ia)
h
av
e
b
eg
u
n
u
s
in
g
C
C
T
V
p
u
b
lic
v
id
eo
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
as
a
la
w
en
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
to
o
l
to
m
o
n
ito
r
p
u
b
lic,
s
ch
o
o
ls
an
d
r
esid
en
t
ial
ar
ea
.
Ma
n
y
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
co
u
n
tr
ie
s
ar
e
n
o
w
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
p
u
b
lic
v
id
eo
s
u
r
v
eil
lan
ce
as
a
p
r
im
ar
y
to
o
l
to
m
o
n
ito
r
p
o
p
u
latio
n
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
to
p
r
ev
en
t
ter
r
o
r
is
m
.
T
h
e
Un
ited
Ki
n
g
d
o
m
(
UK)
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
elies
ex
te
n
s
iv
el
y
on
v
id
eo
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
as
a
to
o
l
to
f
ig
h
t
cr
i
m
e
a
n
d
p
r
ev
en
t
ter
r
o
r
is
m
.
C
C
T
V
i
m
ag
e
m
ag
a
zin
e
h
ad
esti
m
ated
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
of
ca
m
er
as
i
n
th
e
U
n
ited
Kin
g
d
o
m
w
h
er
e
‘
1
.
8
5
’
m
illi
o
n
in
2011.
A
v
er
ag
e
o
n
e
ca
m
er
a
f
o
r
ev
er
y
‘
3
2
’
p
eo
p
le
in
UK,
ar
o
u
n
d
‘
1
.
5
’
m
il
lio
n
C
C
T
V
c
am
er
as
w
h
er
e
in
s
ta
lled
in
cit
y
ce
n
ter
s
,
s
tatio
n
s
,
air
p
o
r
t
an
d
m
aj
o
r
r
etail
ar
ea
s
in
th
e
UK.
T
y
p
ical
l
y
C
C
T
V
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
h
er
e
in
s
talled
by
B
r
itis
h
T
elec
o
m
,
u
s
i
n
g
f
ib
er
-
o
p
tic
ca
b
les
in
s
tr
ate
g
icall
y
p
o
s
it
io
n
ed
d
o
w
n
to
w
n
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
d
is
tr
icts
o
r
i
n
n
e
w
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
c
en
ter
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
I
MS
(
n
o
w
p
ar
t
of
I
HM
I
n
c.
(
NYSE
:HI
S)
h
as
r
elea
s
ed
its
f
o
u
r
t
h
a
n
n
u
al
v
id
e
o
s
u
r
v
e
illan
ce
tr
en
d
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
ye
ar
ah
ea
d
w
h
i
te
p
ap
er
[
2
]
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
er
v
e
s
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
i
g
h
t
i
n
to
k
e
y
tr
en
d
s
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
ties
in
t
h
e
v
id
eo
s
u
r
v
eil
lan
ce
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ies.
V
id
eo
I
m
a
g
e
R
e
tr
iev
a
l
an
d
An
al
y
s
i
s
T
o
o
l
(
VI
R
A
T
)
is
in
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
by
th
e
US
m
ili
tar
y
'
s
elite
g
r
o
u
p
of
s
cie
n
tis
ts
,
P
en
tag
o
n
's
Def
e
n
s
e
A
d
v
an
ce
d
R
esear
c
h
P
r
o
j
ec
ts
A
g
e
n
c
y
(
D
AR
P
A
)
.
VI
R
A
T
co
n
tr
ac
t
is
an
n
o
u
n
ce
m
en
t
in
Ma
y
2
0
1
1
[
3
]
.
It
d
escr
ib
es
s
p
ec
if
ic
h
u
m
an
ac
ti
v
itie
s
,
m
i
litar
y
-
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
ce
v
i
d
eo
ar
ch
iv
es
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
VI
R
A
T
s
y
s
te
m
w
ill
be
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
to
v
ar
io
u
s
m
i
litar
y
i
n
tel
lig
e
n
ce
v
id
eo
ar
ch
iv
es
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
in
I
r
aq
.
T
h
e
to
o
l
is
n
o
t
f
o
r
d
o
m
e
s
tic
s
u
r
v
e
illa
n
ce
p
r
o
g
r
am
s
.
VI
R
AT
f
o
cu
s
on
n
ar
r
o
w
tar
g
et
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
a
d
o
o
r
w
a
y
u
n
d
er
v
id
eo
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
.
T
h
e
p
a
p
er
titl
ed
“
Gai
t
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
Usi
n
g
R
ad
o
n
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
L
in
ea
r
Dis
cr
i
m
i
n
a
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
s
is
”
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
by
Ni
k
o
lao
s
.
V
B
o
u
lg
o
u
r
is
,
IEEE
T
r
an
s
ac
tio
n
s
on
i
m
a
g
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
(
2
0
0
7
)
,
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
Gai
t
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
U
s
i
n
g
R
ad
o
n
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
an
d
L
i
n
ea
r
Dis
cr
i
m
i
n
an
t
An
al
y
s
is
[
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
titl
ed
“
R
ea
l
T
im
e
Hu
m
a
n
A
cti
v
it
y
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
S
y
s
te
m
b
ased
on
R
ad
o
n
Tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
”
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
y
Z
.
A
.
Kh
a
n
an
d
W
.
So
h
n
,
I
J
C
A
s
p
ec
ial
i
s
s
u
e
on
A
r
ti
f
icial
I
n
telli
g
en
ce
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
-
No
v
el
A
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es
&
P
r
ac
tical
A
p
p
licatio
n
s
”
A
I
T
(
2
0
1
1
)
p
r
e
s
en
t
s
h
u
m
a
n
ac
ti
v
it
y
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
s
y
s
te
m
b
ased
o
n
R
ad
o
n
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
R
T
)
,
P
r
i
n
cip
al
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
P
C
A
)
an
d
L
i
n
ea
r
Dis
cr
i
m
in
ate
An
al
y
s
i
s
(
L
D
A
)
,
A
r
tific
ial
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
lim
ita
tio
n
s
of
th
e
L
D
A
,
P
C
A
ar
e
s
m
all
s
a
m
p
le
s
ize
p
r
o
b
le
m
(
s
m
all
no
of
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
a
l
s
a
m
p
les),
est
i
m
a
tio
n
u
n
s
tab
le
,
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
s
lo
w
co
n
v
er
g
e
n
ce
,
h
ig
h
v
ar
ia
n
ce
is
o
f
te
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
t
h
e
esti
m
atio
n
f
o
r
th
e
ze
r
o
.
T
h
e
p
ap
e
r
[
6
]
d
ea
ls
w
it
h
f
all
a
n
g
le
co
m
p
r
is
i
n
g
o
f
f
all
r
ec
o
g
n
i
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
an
g
le
of
f
all
ca
n
be
d
ef
i
n
ed
as
t
h
e
s
lan
t
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
b
ase
an
d
t
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
f
r
o
m
w
h
er
e
it
is
ce
r
tai
n
t
h
at
t
h
e
h
u
m
an
b
ei
n
g
w
ill
f
all,
or
th
e
in
cli
n
e
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
b
ase
an
d
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
'
s
ce
n
tr
o
id
.
T
h
e
an
g
le
of
f
all
is
in
a
m
id
of
‘
45
’
a
n
d
‘
90
’
d
eg
r
ee
of
an
g
l
e,
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
b
ein
g
is
on
f
o
o
t,
an
d
w
h
ile
it
is
le
s
s
t
h
an
‘
45
’
an
g
le
of
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
a
f
a
ll
can
be
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
.
T
h
e
f
all
j
u
d
g
m
en
t
as
a
r
esu
lt
d
ep
en
d
s
on
t
h
e
m
ea
n
i
n
g
of
f
al
lin
g
an
g
le
a
n
d
on
t
h
e
m
a
n
n
er
an
d
v
elo
cit
y
of
on
f
o
o
t.
A
li
m
itatio
n
of
u
s
i
n
g
th
i
s
m
et
h
o
d
is
o
f
le
s
s
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
if
th
e
fa
ll
i
s
to
w
ar
d
s
th
e
v
id
eo
ca
m
er
a
it
m
a
y
n
o
t
be
r
ec
o
g
n
i
ze
d
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
[
7
]
s
h
o
w
s
d
ep
th
esti
m
at
io
n
o
f
in
s
id
e
Scan
n
i
n
g
E
lectr
o
n
Mic
r
o
s
co
p
e
(
SEM
)
.
To
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
as
w
ell
as
th
e
r
ap
id
it
y
o
f
th
e
m
e
th
o
d
,
it
co
n
s
id
er
b
o
th
au
to
f
o
cu
s
an
d
d
ep
th
esti
m
atio
n
as
v
is
u
al
s
er
v
in
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
s
.
Her
e
d
ep
th
esti
m
a
tio
n
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
o
w
s
in
SEM
o
n
l
y
.
Ou
r
ea
r
lier
ar
ticle
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
d
is
cu
s
s
a
b
n
o
r
m
alit
y
ac
tiv
it
y
d
etec
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
Scale
I
n
v
ar
ia
n
t
Featu
r
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
(
SIFT
)
an
d
Hid
d
en
Ma
r
k
o
v
Mo
d
el
(
HM
M)
.
T
h
e
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
ap
er
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
is
ab
n
o
r
m
al
h
u
m
an
ac
ti
v
it
y
d
etec
tio
n
is
n
o
t a
cc
u
r
ate
d
u
r
in
g
n
ig
h
t
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
th
e
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
o
u
r
ea
r
lier
ar
ti
cle
titl
ed
‘
A
b
n
o
r
m
al
Hu
m
a
n
A
cti
v
it
y
R
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
u
s
i
n
g
Scale
I
n
v
ar
ia
n
t
Feat
u
r
e
T
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
[
8
]
.
T
h
u
s
p
u
b
li
c,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
a
n
d
p
r
iv
ate
s
ec
to
r
n
ee
d
ac
cu
r
ate
au
to
m
at
ic
s
u
r
v
eilla
n
ce
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
t
ellig
e
n
t
in
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
e
s
p
ee
d
up
r
o
b
u
s
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es
(
SUR
F)
to
o
b
tain
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
e
s
t
p
o
in
t
an
d
s
u
m
of
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
if
f
er
en
ce
(
S
A
D)
s
ter
e
o
im
ag
e
s
to
m
atch
t
h
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
.
T
h
e
SUR
F
an
d
S
AD
is
f
r
o
m
o
u
r
ea
r
lier
ar
ticl
e
titl
ed
‘
R
ea
l
T
i
m
e
3D
Dep
th
E
s
ti
m
at
io
n
a
n
d
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
of
Un
-
ca
l
ib
r
ated
Ster
eo
an
d
T
h
er
m
al
I
m
a
g
e
s
”
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
w
o
r
k
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
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ig
u
r
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u
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o
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(
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u
r
e
2
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s
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‘
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at
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
I
n
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tio
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s
p
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Hu
ma
n
A
ctivity.
.
.
(
J
L Ma
z
h
er I
q
b
a
l
)
119
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1.
An
al
y
s
is
of
Do
cu
m
e
n
t
an
d
Year
of
P
u
b
licatio
n
in
t
h
e
P
r
o
p
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r
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a)
I
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ter
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b
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el
(
R
ef
:
www
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s
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p
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co
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Fig
u
r
e
2.
An
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s
is
of
Do
cu
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t
by
C
o
u
n
tr
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r
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r
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r
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r
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ef
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s
co
p
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s
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co
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)
T
h
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g
ap
s
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tif
ied
f
o
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th
e
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p
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en
t
of
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telli
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f
o
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m
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n
s
y
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te
m
f
o
r
ab
n
o
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m
al
ac
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itio
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2.
P
RO
P
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M
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in
Fig
u
r
e
3
,
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
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o
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th
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p
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ataset
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.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
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t
of
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ig
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s
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m
.
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n
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ctiv
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ar
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
8
:
1
1
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–
123
120
ag
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ial
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
I
n
tellig
en
t I
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tio
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S
ystem
fo
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s
p
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Hu
ma
n
A
ctivity.
.
.
(
J
L Ma
z
h
er I
q
b
a
l
)
121
q
u
alit
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f
s
ce
n
e
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e
d
etec
ted
.
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h
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h
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les
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eg
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lack
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o
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n
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illed
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s
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‘
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m
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r
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r
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ize
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ig
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cr
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“
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w
m
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p
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s
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or
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n
it p
ix
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t
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e
p
ix
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ati
v
el
y
la
y
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la
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T
h
e
j
u
n
c
tio
n
p
o
in
t
s
an
d
en
d
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
th
e
f
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v
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t
o
r
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m
f
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p
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f
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r
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h
e
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r
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cir
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in
th
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s
k
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i
n
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icate
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n
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icate
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ct
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Neu
r
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w
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w
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ates
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et
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ased
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f
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m
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ated
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n
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g
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r
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5
.
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h
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class
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ize
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atter
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ased
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atch
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atase
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ier
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g
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ize
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o
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al
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m
a
n
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ti
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h
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s
y
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te
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d
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u
r
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.
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w
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
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8
7
7
6
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
8
:
1
1
7
–
123
122
T
ab
le
1
.
L
en
g
t
h
to
W
id
th
R
ati
o
of
D
if
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er
en
t
A
cti
v
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ies
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o
.
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a
c
t
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t
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e
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3
6
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8
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
T
h
e
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
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s
ed
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telli
g
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n
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
o
r
id
en
ti
f
y
in
g
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ac
tiv
it
y
is
ev
alu
a
ted
u
s
i
n
g
d
ataset
cr
ea
ted
w
it
h
d
if
f
er
en
t
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l
h
u
m
a
n
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
es
u
lts
of
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
7,
Fi
g
u
r
e
8
a
n
d
Fi
g
u
r
e
9
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ac
cu
r
a
c
y
of
th
e
p
r
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p
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s
ed
in
telli
g
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t
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f
o
r
m
atio
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te
m
f
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f
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ti
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ties
.
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te
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g
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2
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r
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m
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m
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s
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s
h
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w
n
i
n
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g
u
r
e
5
.
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h
u
s
th
e
p
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tellig
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n
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ities
d
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r
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n
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ig
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.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
P
r
o
p
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I
n
tellig
en
t
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n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
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S
y
s
te
m
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
A
cc
u
r
ac
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of
t
h
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
n
tellig
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
f
o
r
I
d
en
ti
f
y
in
g
Di
f
f
er
en
t
A
cti
v
it
y
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Neu
r
al
Net
w
o
r
k
Mo
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
I
n
tellig
e
n
t
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
I
n
tellig
en
t I
n
fo
r
ma
tio
n
S
ystem
fo
r
S
u
s
p
icio
u
s
Hu
ma
n
A
ctivity.
.
.
(
J
L Ma
z
h
er I
q
b
a
l
)
123
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
in
telli
g
e
n
t
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
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y
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te
m
f
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ti
f
y
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g
d
if
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er
e
n
t
h
u
m
a
n
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tio
n
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s
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ac
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n
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s
u
b
tr
ac
tio
n
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r
ec
tif
ica
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n
,
m
o
r
p
h
o
lo
g
y
,
n
e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
an
d
d
ep
th
esti
m
atio
n
w
i
th
a
th
er
m
al
ca
m
er
a
an
d
a
p
air
of
w
eb
ca
m
to
v
is
u
alize
un
-
ca
li
b
r
ated
im
a
g
es
is
p
r
ese
n
ted
.
T
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
t
ested
u
s
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
an
o
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alo
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s
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ch
a
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h
a
n
d
s
b
en
d
i
n
g
,
h
a
n
d
s
u
p
,
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ta
n
d
i
n
g
etc
.
Fo
r
o
b
j
ec
t
r
ec
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g
n
itio
n
,
r
eliab
le
b
ac
k
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r
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n
d
m
o
d
el
s
et
up
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to
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m
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j
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d
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tio
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tech
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s
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ch
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p
tical
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lo
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s
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m
en
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p
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m
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ith
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c
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ith
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f
o
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can
also
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s
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e
n
h
a
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ce
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ter
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t
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ac
k
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ca
lcu
lati
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g
th
e
ar
ea
an
d
ce
n
tr
o
id
.
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r
e
s
s
u
c
h
as
j
u
n
ct
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o
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p
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in
ts
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e
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d
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ts
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e
ex
tr
ac
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in
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c
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as
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e
u
r
al
n
et
w
o
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k
is
u
s
ed
to
d
etec
t
an
o
m
alo
u
s
h
u
m
a
n
ac
tio
n
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
f
u
n
d
ed
by
UG
C
,
Ma
j
o
r
R
esear
ch
P
r
o
j
ec
t,
MRP
-
M
A
J
OR
-
E
L
E
C
-
2013
-
19701
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
L
e
n
a
G
o
re
li
c
k
,
M
o
s
h
e
Blan
k
,
El
i
S
h
e
c
h
tm
a
n
,
M
ich
a
l
Ira
n
i,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
Ro
n
e
n
Ba
sri,
M
e
m
b
e
r.
”
A
c
ti
o
n
s
as
S
p
a
c
e
-
T
i
m
e
S
h
a
p
e
s”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s
a
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
P
a
tt
e
rn
A
n
a
lys
is &
M
a
c
h
in
e
In
tel
li
g
e
n
c
e
,
V
o
l.
2
9
,
No
1
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
4
7
-
2
2
5
3
,
2
0
0
7
.
[2
]
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
i
m
sre
s
e
a
rc
h
.
c
o
m
/res
e
a
rc
h
a
re
a
/S
e
c
u
rit
y
_
a
n
d
_
F
ire/
V
i
d
e
o
_
S
u
rv
e
il
lan
c
e
_
a
n
d
_
V
CA
.
[3
]
h
tt
p
:
//
ww
w
.
k
it
w
a
re
.
c
o
m
/a
v
ss
_
2
0
1
2
.
h
tm
l
.
[4
]
Nik
o
lao
s
V
.
B
o
u
lg
o
u
ris,
M
e
m
b
e
r,
IEE
E
,
Zh
iw
e
i
X.
C
h
i.
“
G
a
it
Re
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
Us
in
g
Ra
d
o
n
T
ra
n
sf
o
rm
a
n
d
L
in
e
a
r
Disc
ri
m
in
a
n
t
A
n
a
l
y
sis”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s o
n
Ima
g
e
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
,
v
o
l.
1
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
M
a
rc
h
2
0
0
7
.
[5
]
A
r
wa
Da
r
w
ish
A
lzu
g
h
a
ib
i
“
re
v
ie
w
o
n
h
u
m
a
n
m
o
ti
o
n
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
b
a
se
d
o
n
b
a
c
k
g
ro
u
n
d
su
b
trac
ti
o
n
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
IJ
CA
.
,
2
0
1
4
.
[6
]
V
.
V
is
h
w
a
k
a
r
m
a
,
C.
M
a
n
d
a
l,
S
.
S
u
ra
.
“
Au
to
ma
ti
c
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
h
u
ma
n
f
a
ll
i
n
v
id
e
o
”
,
L
e
c
tu
re
No
tes
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
4
8
1
5
:
6
1
6
-
6
2
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
Na
re
sh
M
a
rtu
ri,
Bra
h
im
T
a
m
a
d
a
z
te,
Na
d
in
e
P
iat.
”
V
isu
a
l
S
e
r
v
o
in
g
-
Ba
se
d
De
p
th
-
Esti
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
M
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
i
n
sid
e
S
EM
”
IEE
E
tra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
in
str
u
me
n
ta
t
io
n
a
n
d
me
a
s
u
re
me
n
t
,
v
o
l.
6
5
,
n
o
.
8
,
A
u
g
u
st
2
0
1
6
.
[8
]
J.L
.
M
a
z
h
e
r
Iq
b
a
l,
J.L
a
v
a
n
y
a
,
S
.
A
ru
n
,
“
A
b
n
o
rm
a
l
Hu
m
a
n
A
c
ti
v
it
y
R
e
c
o
g
n
it
io
n
u
si
n
g
S
c
a
le
In
v
a
rian
t
F
e
a
tu
re
T
ra
n
s
f
o
r
m
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
u
rr
e
n
t
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
6
,
P
P
3
7
4
8
-
3
7
5
1
,
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
J.L
.
M
a
z
h
e
r
Iq
b
a
l,
M
.
S
u
riy
a
P
a
r
v
e
e
n
S
.
A
ru
n
.
“
Im
a
g
e
stit
c
h
in
g
a
n
d
2
D
t
o
3
D
Im
a
g
e
Re
c
o
n
stru
c
ti
o
n
f
o
r
A
b
n
o
rm
a
l
A
c
ti
v
it
y
De
tec
ti
o
n
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
C
o
mp
u
ter
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
Vo
lu
m
e
1
3
3
–
N
o
.
1
7
,
P
P
1
-
7
Ja
n
u
a
ry
2
0
1
6
.
[1
0
]
J.L
.
M
a
z
h
e
r
Iq
b
a
l,
S
h
a
ik
S
h
a
k
ir
Ba
sh
a
“
Rea
l
T
ime
3
D
De
p
th
Esti
ma
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
o
f
Un
-
c
a
li
b
r
a
ted
S
ter
e
o
a
n
d
T
h
e
rm
a
l
Im
a
g
e
s
”
,
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
Na
sc
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
th
e
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
F
ield
(ICNT
E
-
2017)
,
Ju
n
2
0
1
7
.
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