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s
u
p
p
o
s
i
n
g
an
ar
r
a
y
o
f
id
en
ti
ca
l
ele
m
en
t
s
,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
f
i
v
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
h
ap
e
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
atte
r
n
o
f
th
e
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
ese
ar
e:
1.
T
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
ical
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
all
ar
r
a
y
(
li
n
ea
r
,
cir
cu
lar
,
r
ec
t
an
g
u
lar
,
s
p
h
er
ical,
etc.
)
2.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
d
is
p
lace
m
e
n
t b
etw
ee
n
th
e
ele
m
e
n
t
s
3.
T
h
e
ex
citatio
n
a
m
p
l
itu
d
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ele
m
en
t
s
4.
T
h
e
ex
citatio
n
p
h
a
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
ele
m
e
n
ts
5.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
p
atter
n
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
al
ele
m
e
n
ts
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
b
ased
C
DM
A
s
y
s
te
m
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
v
er
A
d
d
it
iv
e
w
h
ite
Gau
s
s
ia
n
No
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
ch
an
n
el.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
ev
al
u
ated
.
T
h
e
m
at
h
e
m
a
tical
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
alcu
latio
n
o
f
tap
g
ai
n
s
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
h
a
s
al
s
o
b
ee
n
ad
d
r
ess
ed
.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
i
s
d
iv
id
ed
i
n
to
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
DE
L
2
.
1
.
T
ra
ns
m
it
t
ed
Sig
na
l
Ass
u
m
e
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
K
u
s
e
r
s
in
a
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
C
DM
A
s
y
s
te
m
.
L
et
G
b
e
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
g
ai
n
o
r
eq
u
iv
ale
n
tl
y
t
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
f
ac
to
r
o
f
C
DM
A
.
L
e
t C
k
=
(
C
O
k
,
C
1
k
,
.
..........C
k
G
-
1
)
b
e
t
h
e
C
DM
A
co
d
e
f
o
r
u
s
er
k
,
k
∈
{1
,
.
.
.
,
K}.
A
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
B
in
ar
y
P
h
ase
Sh
if
t
Ke
y
in
g
(
B
P
SK)
is
u
s
ed
as
a
d
ig
ital
m
o
d
u
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
ith
s
y
m
b
o
l
tr
an
s
m
i
tted
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
k
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
ak
[
i
]
,
i
∈
{0
,
1
.
.
.
}.
I
t
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
ak
[
i]
,
i
∈
{1
,
-
1
}.
T
h
e
b
aseb
an
d
p
u
ls
e
f
o
r
B
P
SK
is
d
en
o
ted
b
y
p
(
t)
.
L
et
T
b
an
d
T
c
in
d
icate
th
e
b
i
t
an
d
ch
ip
p
er
io
d
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
b
aseb
an
d
C
DM
A
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
all
u
s
er
s
i
s
g
i
v
e
n
b
y
m
b
(
t)
=
∑
∑
∑
⌈
⌉
(
)
(
1
)
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
as
s
b
an
d
s
ig
n
a
l
w
it
h
ca
r
r
ier
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
f
c
is
g
i
v
en
a
s
m
p
(
t)
=
√
m
b
(
t)
(
)
(
2
)
2
.
2
.
M
ultipa
t
h
F
a
din
g
C
ha
nn
el
M
o
del
W
h
en
a
p
ass
b
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
m
p
(
t)
is
s
en
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
m
u
lt
ip
ath
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el,
m
u
ltip
le
co
p
ies
o
f
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
s
i
g
n
al
w
ill
b
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
at
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
r
e
f
lecti
n
g
o
b
j
ec
ts
an
d
s
ca
tter
s
i
n
th
e
ch
an
n
el
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Mu
ltip
ath
Fad
in
g
C
h
an
n
el
Mo
d
el
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
ma
n
ce
E
va
lu
tio
n
o
f B
r
o
a
d
B
a
n
d
C
DMA
S
ig
n
a
l
.
.
.
.
(
Ja
va
id
A
.
S
h
eikh
)
47
T
h
ese
ef
f
ec
ts
r
esu
lt i
n
m
u
ltip
l
e
v
er
s
io
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
i
g
n
al
t
h
at
ar
r
iv
e
at
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
in
g
a
n
ten
n
a,
d
is
p
lace
d
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
o
n
e
an
o
th
er
in
ti
m
e
an
d
s
p
atial
o
r
ien
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
am
p
lit
u
d
es
an
d
p
h
ases
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
m
u
ltip
at
h
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ca
u
s
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
s
i
n
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
,
t
h
er
eb
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
m
u
ltip
at
h
f
ad
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
w
o
r
k
it
h
as
b
ee
n
ass
u
m
ed
t
h
at
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
r
ef
lecte
d
an
d
s
ca
tter
ed
b
y
th
e
o
b
j
ec
ts
ar
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
o
f
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
T
h
e
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
a
n
d
p
h
ases
o
f
th
ese
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
m
u
ltip
at
h
s
ig
n
a
ls
ca
n
b
e
ti
m
e
v
ar
y
i
n
g
.
A
s
t
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
a
m
p
lit
u
d
es
a
n
d
p
h
ases
ar
e
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
n
atu
r
e,
t
h
e
m
u
ltip
at
h
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
el
i
s
b
est
d
escr
ib
ed
in
s
tatis
tica
l
te
r
m
s
w
it
h
r
an
d
o
m
a
n
d
ti
m
e
-
v
ar
ian
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
I
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
o
r
k
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
is
a
L
i
n
ea
r
T
i
m
e
I
n
v
ar
ia
n
t
(
L
T
I
)
ch
an
n
el
d
u
e
to
s
lo
w
f
ad
i
n
g
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
lo
w
f
ad
in
g
ch
a
n
n
el
h
a
s
b
ee
n
m
ath
e
m
atica
ll
y
m
o
d
elled
as
1.
T
h
e
g
ain
p
ar
a
m
eter
γ
1
,
γ
2
,
γ
n
W
h
er
e
√
(
γ
1
2
+γ
2
2
+.
.
.
+γ
n
2
)
=1
,
2.
T
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
i
n
cid
en
t θ
1
,
θ2
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
θn
,
3.
(
3
)
T
h
e
ab
s
o
lu
te
d
elay
s
o
f
li
n
ea
r
ar
r
ay
ele
m
e
n
ts
w
i
th
s
p
ac
i
n
g
d
,
t1
,
t2
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
tn
w
h
er
e
t1
=
,
t2
=
…………….
,
t
n
=
,
W
h
er
e
c
is
th
e
v
e
lo
cit
y
o
f
lig
h
t,
4.
T
h
e
r
elativ
e
d
ela
y
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
u
l
t
ip
ath
s
i
g
n
a
l
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t to
d
ir
ec
t p
ath
(
i.e
.
lin
e
-
of
-
s
i
g
h
t)
s
i
g
n
al
ar
e
d
en
o
ted
b
y
t1
1
,
t1
2
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
t1
n
.
T
h
e
L
T
I
ch
an
n
el
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
an
ten
n
a
1
is
m
o
d
elled
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
p
ar
a
m
et
er
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
h
n
(
t)
=
∑
(
)
(
3
)
W
h
er
e
(
.
)
is
th
e
u
n
it i
m
p
u
l
s
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
2
.
3
.
Rec
eiv
ed
Sig
na
ls
C
o
n
s
id
er
a
r
ec
eiv
er
w
i
th
a
li
n
ea
r
ar
r
ay
o
f
L
an
te
n
n
as
w
it
h
s
p
ac
in
g
d
.
L
et
xl
(
t
)
b
e
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
s
ig
n
al
a
t
an
ten
n
a
l,
l
∈
{1
,
.
.
.
,
L}
.
A
s
s
u
m
e
t
h
at
t
h
er
e
is
a
n
A
d
d
iti
v
e
W
h
ite
Ga
u
s
s
ian
No
is
e
(
A
W
GN)
p
r
o
ce
s
s
nl
(
t)
at
an
ten
n
a
l
.
T
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
co
m
b
i
n
ed
s
ig
n
al
s
at
an
te
n
n
a
l
ca
n
b
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
X
l(
t
)
= √
2
γ
1
mb
(
t
–
(l
-
1
)
t1
)
c
o
s
(
2
π
fc(
t
-
(l
-
1
)
t1
)
+
√
2
γ
2
mb
(
T
–
t1
2
–
(l
-
1
)
t2
)
co
s
(
2
π
fc(
T
-
t1
2
-
(l
-
1
)
t2
)
+,.
.
.
.
.
+
√
2
γ
n
mb
(
t
-
t1
n
-
(l
-
1
)
tn
)
co
s
(
2
π
fc(
T
-
t1
n
–
(l
-
1
)
tn
)
+ n
l
(
t
)
.
(
4
)
2
.
4
.
T
DL
B
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
I
n
a
T
DL
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
,
th
er
e
ar
e
L
an
ten
n
as
ea
ch
o
f
w
h
i
ch
is
eq
u
ip
p
ed
w
it
h
J
tap
s
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
d
elay
T
D.
L
et
w
ij
*
,
l
∈
{1
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
L
},
j
∈
{1
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
J
},
d
en
o
te
th
e
w
e
ig
h
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
o
n
an
t
en
n
a
l
at
tap
j
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tap
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
ig
n
al
w
ith
o
u
t
d
ela
y
,
w
h
ile
th
e
j
th
tap
o
u
tp
u
t
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
s
ig
n
al
d
ela
y
ed
b
y
(
j
–
1
)
T
D
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
y
(
t)
o
f
a
T
DL
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
)
∑
∑
(
(
)
)
(
5
)
f
o
r
co
n
v
eie
n
ce
,
th
e
v
ec
to
r
s
w
an
d
x
(
t)
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
b
y
w
= [
w
1
T..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
w
LT
]
,
w
h
ere
w
l= [
w
l1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
w
lj
]
T
(
6
)
x(
t)
= [
x1
T(
t
)
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
xLT(
t)
]
T,
w
h
ere
xl
=[
xl(
t
)
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
xl(
t
-
(
j
-
1
)
TD
)
]
T
(
7
)
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
s
i
n
(
6
)
an
d
(
7
)
,
th
e
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
o
u
tp
u
t
y
(
t)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
co
n
cisel
y
as
y
(
t)
=
w
†
x
(
t)
.
(
8
)
w
h
er
e
x
T
an
d
w
†
d
en
o
te
th
e
t
r
an
s
p
o
s
e
o
f
x
(
t)
a
n
d
co
n
j
u
g
ate
tr
an
s
p
o
s
e
o
f
w
T
h
e
o
p
tim
al
tap
w
e
ig
h
t
s
w
o
f
a
T
DL
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
,
d
en
o
te
d
b
y
w
o
p
t
,
ca
n
b
e
f
o
u
n
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
W
ien
er
Ho
p
eq
u
atio
n
s
a
n
d
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
w
opt
=
R
-
1
p
(
9
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
1
5
:
45
–
5
5
48
w
h
er
e
R
= E
[
X
(
t)
X
†
(
t
)
]
is
th
e
LJ
X
LJ
co
v
ar
ian
ce
m
atr
ix
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
a
l v
ec
to
r
X
(
t
)
An
d
p
=
E
[
X
(
t
)
d
*
(
t
)
]
is
th
e
LJ
x
1
co
r
r
elatio
n
v
ec
to
r
o
f
X(
t)
an
d
d
(
t)
is
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
al.
I
n
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
w
o
p
t
in
(
9
)
,
it
is
ass
u
m
ed
th
at
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
al
d
(
t)
is
k
n
o
wn
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
Hen
ce
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
p
is
k
n
o
wn
an
d
is
ex
p
r
es
s
ed
as
P
=
[
[
p1
1
(
0
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
p1
j
(
1
-
j
)
]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
[
pL
1
(
0
)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
pL
J
(
1
-
J
)
]
]
T
2
.
5
.
Der
iv
a
t
io
n o
f
O
pti
m
a
l T
DL
w
eig
hts f
o
r
CD
M
A
ba
s
ed
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
T
h
e
an
al
y
tical
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
w
ei
g
h
t
w
o
p
t
o
f
a
T
DL
b
ea
m
-
f
o
r
m
er
u
s
ed
i
n
a
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
C
DM
A
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
b
ee
n
d
er
iv
ed
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
.
Fir
s
t,
t
h
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
als
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t a
n
ten
n
a
-
tap
v
al
u
es (
l
,
j
)
an
d
(
l’
,
j
’
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as
φll’
(
∆
)
=
E
[
xl(
t
-
(j
-
1
)
TD
)
xl’
(
t
-
(
j’
-
1
)
TD
)
]
(
1
0
)
W
h
er
e
∆1
1
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
1
+ t
11
+
jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
1
-
t
11
-
j
’
T
D
]
∆
1
2
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
2
+ t
12
+
jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
1
-
t1
1
-
j
’
T
D
]
∆
1
3
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
3
+ t
12
+
jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t1
-
t
11
-
j
’
T
D
]
.
.
∆1
n
= [
(
l
–
1
)
tn
+ t1
n
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t1
-
t1
1
-
j’
T
D
]
∆
12
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
2
+ t
11
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t1
-
t1
1
-
j’
T
D
]
∆
22
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
2
+ t
12
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
1
-
t
11
-
j’
T
D
]
∆
23
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
t
2
+ t
13
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
1
-
t
11
-
j’
T
D
]
.
.
∆
2
n
=
[
(
l
–
1
)
tn
+ t1
n
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
2
-
t
12
-
j’
T
D
]
.
.
∆
1
n
= [
(
l
–
1
)
t
1
+ t
11
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t
1
-
t1
n
-
j’
T
D
]
∆2
n
= [
(
l
–
1
)
t
2
+ t1
2
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
t1
-
t1
n
-
j’
T
D
]
∆3
n
= [
(
l
–
1
)
t3
+ t1
3
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
tn
-
t1
n
-
j’
T
D
]
.
.
.
∆n
n
= [
(
l
–
1
)
tn
+ t1
n
+ jT
D
–
(
l’
-
1
)
tn
-
t1
n
-
j
’
T
D
]
W
h
ere
t
11
= t
12
=
,
……
.
.
,
= t
nn
= 0
(
1
1
)
t
12
= t
21
, t
13
,………., t
1n
= t
n1
T
h
e
au
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
as
s
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al
ϕ
mp
m
p
(
.
)
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
ed
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
au
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
th
e
b
aseb
a
n
d
s
ig
n
a
l ϕ
mb
m
b
(
.
)
as f
o
llo
w
s
an
d
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
ma
n
ce
E
va
lu
tio
n
o
f B
r
o
a
d
B
a
n
d
C
DMA
S
ig
n
a
l
.
.
.
.
(
Ja
va
id
A
.
S
h
eikh
)
49
ϕ
mp
mp
(
∆)
=
E
[
m
P
(
T)
m
P
(
T+∆
)
]
= E
[
m
b
(
T
)
m
b
(
T+ ∆
)
]
co
s
(
2
π
fc
∆)
t
=
ϕmb
mb
(
∆)
co
s
(
2
π
fc
∆)
t
(
1
2
)
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
it
is
a
s
s
u
m
ed
t
h
at
m
b
(
t)
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
eq
u
al
m
b
(
t
+∆
)
,
y
ield
in
g
ϕ
m
b
m
b
(
∆
)
=
E
[
m
b
(
T
+∆)
]
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
eq
u
ls
to
E
[
M
b
2
(
t
)
]
,
w
h
ic
h
s
tates
t
h
at
t
h
e
ϕmb
mb
(
∆)
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
a
tel
y
eq
u
a
l
to
th
e
b
ase
b
an
d
s
ig
n
al
p
o
w
er
.
Si
n
ce
th
is
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atio
n
i
s
n
o
t
v
al
i
d
f
o
r
a
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
.
A
n
e
w
ex
p
r
es
s
io
n
f
o
r
ϕmb
mb
(
∆)
h
as
b
ee
n
g
iv
en
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
.
F
o
r
s
tatis
t
icall
y
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t
tr
an
s
m
itted
s
y
m
b
o
l
s
,
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
ar
e
E
[
A
k
[
i
]
A
k’
[
i’
]
= {
1
,
k=
k’
a
n
d
i= i’
(
13
)
0
,
o
th
erw
is
e
An
o
th
er
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
th
a
t
d
if
f
er
en
t
c
h
ip
v
al
u
es
o
f
C
DM
A
c
o
d
es
ar
e
s
tatis
ticall
y
i
n
d
ep
en
d
en
t.
T
h
is
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
allo
w
s
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ated
ex
p
r
ess
i
o
n
f
o
r
ϕ
m
b
m
b
(
∆)
.
W
ith
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ty
in
(
3
.
1
3
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
ten
d
ed
to
th
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
s
tate
m
e
n
t:
E[
Cg
k
A
k
[
i
]
C
g
’k’
A
k’
[
i’
]
= {
1
,
k=
k’
a
n
d
i= i’
,
a
n
d
g
= g
’
(
14
)
0
,
o
t
h
er
w
is
e
Fro
m
(
1
)
an
d
(
1
4
)
.
W
e
ca
n
w
r
ite
ϕ
m
b
m
b
(
∆)
as
ϕm
b
m
b
(
∆
)
= E
[
m
b
(
T
)
m
b
(
T
+ ∆
)
]
(
1
5
)
Fig
u
r
e.
2
T
h
e
ϕ
(
t,
∆
)
f
u
n
ct
io
n
d
ef
i
n
ed
b
y
eq
u
atio
n
1
6
is
ill
u
s
tr
ate
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
(
1
6
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
1
5
:
45
–
5
5
50
No
te
th
at
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
is
p
er
io
d
ic
w
it
h
p
er
io
d
T
C
an
d
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
=
0
if
∆
>
T
C
.
Sin
ce
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
is
ti
m
e
d
ep
en
d
an
t,
f
o
r
th
e
T
DL
w
ei
g
h
t
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
,
th
e
ti
m
e
a
v
er
ag
e
v
alu
e
o
f
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
is
av
er
a
g
i
n
g
i
s
s
i
m
i
lar
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
a
u
to
co
r
r
elatio
n
o
f
c
y
c
lo
s
tatio
n
ar
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
t
i
m
e
av
er
a
g
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
o
v
er
a
s
in
g
le
p
er
io
d
is
co
m
p
u
ted
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
(
1
7
)
B
y
s
e
tti
n
g
ϕ
(
t,
∆)
=
ϕ
(
∆
)
an
d
u
s
in
g
(
1
0
)
,
(
1
1
)
,
(
1
2
)
,
(
1
5
)
,
(
1
6
)
,
an
d
(
1
7
)
,
w
e
ca
n
co
m
p
u
te
th
e
o
p
ti
m
al
T
DL
w
ei
g
h
ts
i
n
(
9
)
f
o
r
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
C
DM
A
s
y
s
te
m
.
3.
B
RO
AD
B
AND
CDM
A
SI
G
NAL T
RANSM
I
SS
I
O
N
AN
D
RE
C
E
P
T
I
O
N
USI
N
G
T
D
L
B
E
AM
F
O
RM
I
NG
T
E
CH
N
I
Q
UE
T
h
e
s
ch
e
m
at
ic
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
th
e
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
C
DM
A
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
a
n
d
r
ec
ep
tio
n
u
s
i
n
g
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
a
n
te
n
n
a
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
an
d
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
f
i
g
u
r
e
4
.
I
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
4
,
th
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
o
f
s
u
b
s
y
s
te
m
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
f
ig
u
r
e
s
4
,
5
an
d
6
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sh
o
w
s
Sc
h
e
m
atic
o
f
th
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Sch
e
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
I
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
t
io
n
o
f
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
Sch
e
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
P
erfo
ma
n
ce
E
va
lu
tio
n
o
f B
r
o
a
d
B
a
n
d
C
DMA
S
ig
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latio
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.
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h
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.
1
w
it
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as
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w
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is
f
ac
to
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y
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
a
n
al
y
tical
as
w
el
l
as
s
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m
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lat
io
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r
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s
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l
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,
i
t
h
as
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o
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th
at
t
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r
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m
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s
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an
g
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o
f
ap
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licatio
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s
in
m
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b
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to
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ate
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a
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ltip
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n
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h
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p
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f
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a
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w
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cr
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ch
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ACK
NO
WL
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D
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NT
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au
th
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Nis
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Ah
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h
ah
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h
ea
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lectr
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a
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s
tr
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tatio
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h
n
o
lo
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y
,
Un
i
v
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s
it
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f
Kas
h
m
ir
Sri
n
ag
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r
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all
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e
m
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d
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s
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s
u
p
p
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t
p
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v
id
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b
y
h
i
m
f
r
o
m
ti
m
e
to
ti
m
e.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
iy
a
z
a
k
i,
N.;
Ko
m
in
e
,
T
.
;
Ha
t
a
k
a
wa
,
Y.;
S
u
z
u
k
i,
T
.
,
”
D
e
v
e
lo
p
me
n
t
a
n
d
Exp
e
rime
n
ts
o
f
1
0
0
M
Hz
Ba
n
d
wid
t
h
T
e
stb
e
d
f
o
r
IM
T
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
”
,
V
e
h
icu
lar
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
fe
re
n
c
e
,
V
T
C
-
2
0
0
7
,
F
a
ll
2
0
0
7
,
I
EE
E
6
6
t
h
V
o
l.
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
3
0
-
Oc
to
b
e
r
3
,
2
0
0
7
,
p
p
.
1
3
1
7
–
1
3
2
1
.
[2
]
Er
ik
Da
h
l
m
a
n
,
Bjo
rn
G
u
d
m
u
n
d
so
n
,
M
a
tt
s
Nilsso
n
,
a
n
d
Jo
h
a
n
S
k
o
ld
,
"
UMT
S
/IM
T
-
2
0
0
0
Ba
se
d
o
n
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
CDMA
,
"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
p
p
.
7
0
-
8
0
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
1
9
9
8
.
[3
]
F
.
A
d
a
c
h
i,
D.
G
ra
g
,
S
,
T
a
k
a
o
k
a
,
K,
T
a
k
e
d
a
,
“
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
CDM
A
te
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
“
IEE
E
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
.
,
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l1
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
8
-
1
8
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
5
[4
]
Eri
k
Da
h
lm
a
n
,
P
e
r
Be
m
in
g
,
Je
n
s
Kn
u
tsso
n
,
F
re
d
r
ik
Ov
e
sjo
,
M
a
g
n
u
s
P
e
rss
o
n
,
a
n
d
C
h
risti
a
a
n
Ro
o
b
o
l,
"
W
CDMA
-
T
h
e
Ra
d
io
In
terf
a
c
e
f
o
r
F
u
tu
re
M
o
b
il
e
M
u
lt
im
e
d
ia
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,"
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
Veh
icu
l
a
r
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
7
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
1
1
0
5
-
1
1
1
8
,
No
v
e
m
b
e
r
1
9
9
8
.
[5
]
T
h
ird
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Pa
rt
n
e
rs
h
ip
P
ro
jec
t
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
G
ro
u
p
Ra
d
io
Acc
e
ss
Ne
two
rk
W
o
rk
in
g
Gr
o
u
p
1
,
"
S
p
re
a
d
in
g
a
n
d
M
o
d
u
lati
o
n
"
T
S
2
5
.
2
1
3
V2
.
1
.
2
(1
9
9
9
-
4
).
[6
]
T
h
ird
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Pa
rtn
e
rs
h
i
p
P
ro
jec
t
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
G
ro
u
p
R
a
d
i
o
Acc
e
ss
Ne
two
rk
W
o
rk
in
g
Gr
o
u
p
1
,
“
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
a
n
d
M
a
p
p
in
g
o
f
T
ra
n
sp
o
rt
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
o
n
to
P
h
y
sic
a
l
Ch
a
n
n
e
ls
(F
DD
),
"
T
S
2
5
.
2
1
1
V2
.
2
.
1
(
1
9
9
9
-
0
8
).
[7
]
Esm
a
e
l
H.
Din
a
n
,
Bij
a
n
Ja
b
b
a
ri,
"
S
p
re
a
d
in
g
Co
d
e
s fo
r Dire
c
t
S
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
[8
]
CDMA
a
n
d
W
id
e
b
a
n
d
CDMA
Ce
ll
u
lar
Ne
tw
o
rk
s,"
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
M
a
g
a
zin
e
,
v
o
l.
3
6
,
p
p
.
4
8
-
5
4
,
S
e
p
tem
b
e
r
1
9
9
8
.
[9
]
T
.
S
.
Ra
p
p
a
p
o
rt,
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s:
Prin
c
ip
les
a
n
d
Pra
c
ti
c
e
.
Up
p
e
r
S
a
d
d
le
Ri
v
e
r
,
NJ
:
P
re
n
ti
c
e
Ha
ll
P
T
R,
1
9
9
6
.
[1
0
]
T
h
ird
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
Pa
rt
n
e
rs
h
ip
P
ro
jec
t
T
e
c
h
n
ica
l
S
p
e
c
if
ica
ti
o
n
Gr
o
u
p
Ra
d
i
o
Acc
e
ss
N
e
two
rk
W
o
rk
in
g
Gr
o
u
p
1
,
“
M
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
a
n
d
C
h
a
n
n
e
l
Co
d
in
g
(F
DD
),
"
T
S
2
5
.
2
1
2
V2
.
0
.
1
(
1
9
9
9
-
0
8
).
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