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ct
u
r
e
[
6
]
.
Dep
lo
y
m
en
t
o
f
R
N
s
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
s
i
g
n
al
s
tr
en
g
t
h
f
o
r
in
d
o
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
u
t
al
s
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
t
h
e
co
v
er
ag
e
li
m
i
tatio
n
s
at
t
h
e
ce
ll
-
ed
g
es.
He
n
ce
R
ela
y
s
ar
e
g
en
e
r
all
y
p
lace
d
i
n
co
v
er
ag
e
h
o
le
s
o
r
ce
ll
-
ed
g
e
s
a
n
d
can
w
o
r
k
ei
th
e
r
as
r
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
o
r
am
p
li
f
ier
f
o
r
th
e
s
ig
n
al.
B
o
th
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
q
u
ite
u
s
ef
u
l
e
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
t
h
eir
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
a
n
d
d
is
ad
v
an
t
a
g
es.
T
h
e
R
Ns
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
co
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
v
ia
eNo
d
eB
u
s
i
n
g
w
ir
eles
s
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
li
n
k
s
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
ela
y
n
o
d
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
2.
O
VE
RVI
E
W
O
F
R
E
L
AY
T
E
CH
NI
Q
U
E
S
Gen
er
all
y
R
e
la
y
n
o
d
es
ar
e
class
i
f
ied
w
it
h
r
e
f
er
en
ce
to
th
eir
p
r
o
to
co
l
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
Fro
m
t
h
at
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
R
Ns ar
e
clas
s
i
f
ie
d
in
to
th
r
ee
d
if
f
er
en
t t
y
p
es:
L
a
y
er
1
R
ela
y
(
L
1
)
,
L
a
y
er
2
R
ela
y
(
L
2
)
an
d
L
a
y
er
3
R
ela
y
(
L
3
)
[
3
,
7
].
C
ell
co
v
er
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
b
y
L
1
r
ela
y
.
D
ela
y
i
n
t
h
is
ca
s
e
is
t
h
e
s
m
alle
s
t
i
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
L
2
a
n
d
L
3
r
ela
y
s
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
L
1
r
ela
y
s
ca
n
n
o
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icie
n
c
y
as
p
h
y
s
ical
li
n
k
a
m
p
li
f
ies
n
o
is
e.
C
ell
co
v
er
ag
e
ca
n
al
s
o
b
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
b
y
L
2
r
ela
y
.
I
t
ca
n
a
ls
o
m
i
n
i
m
i
s
e
th
e
er
r
o
r
o
n
R
N
-
UE
an
d
eNo
d
eB
-
R
N
lin
k
s
.
L
3
r
ela
y
s
h
av
e
all
t
h
e
b
en
e
f
it
s
o
f
L
2
r
ela
y
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
e
f
ac
t
th
at
it
r
ed
u
ce
s
laten
c
y
.
I
n
3
GP
P
R
elea
s
e
8
,
ca
teg
o
r
izat
io
n
b
asi
n
g
u
p
o
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
h
a
s
lo
s
t
i
ts
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
ce
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
R
AN
(
R
ad
io
A
cc
e
s
s
Net
w
o
r
k
)
.
Hen
ce
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
L
1
,
L
2
a
n
d
L
3
r
ela
y
s
w
er
e
r
ep
lace
d
b
y
t
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
r
ela
y
t
y
p
es
s
u
c
h
as
T
y
p
e
-
I
a
n
d
T
y
p
e
-
II
w
h
ic
h
b
e
ca
m
e
m
o
r
e
r
ele
v
an
t
[
8
]
.
W
h
ile
T
y
p
e
-
I
r
ela
y
(
No
n
-
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
r
ela
y
)
n
ee
d
to
tr
an
s
m
it
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
co
m
m
o
n
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
eNo
d
eB
,
T
y
p
e
-
I
I
r
ela
y
(
T
r
an
s
p
ar
en
t
R
ela
y
)
d
o
esn
’
t
.
F
u
r
th
er
T
y
p
e
-
I
r
ela
y
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
co
v
er
ag
e
e
x
ten
s
io
n
w
h
er
e
as
T
y
p
e
-
I
I
r
ela
y
ca
n
b
e
m
ai
n
l
y
u
s
ed
f
o
r
en
h
an
ce
m
e
n
t
o
f
b
itra
te
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
w
h
ic
h
c
ap
ac
it
y
o
f
s
y
s
te
m
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
.
A
s
T
y
p
e
-
I
R
ela
y
tr
an
s
m
it
s
b
o
th
tr
af
f
ic
d
ata
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
m
o
r
e
o
v
er
h
ea
d
is
co
n
s
u
m
ed
ca
u
s
i
n
g
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
d
elay
.
T
y
p
e
-
I
I
r
ela
y
ex
c
h
an
g
es
co
n
tr
o
l
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
an
d
f
r
o
m
B
ase
Statio
n
d
ir
ec
tl
y
an
d
o
n
l
y
tr
an
s
m
it
s
t
h
e
u
s
er
d
ata
b
et
w
ee
n
B
ase
Statio
n
&
UE
as
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
w
h
ic
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
e
f
f
ic
ien
c
y
is
c
u
r
b
ed
.
R
ela
y
s
ar
e
f
u
r
t
h
er
cla
s
s
i
f
ied
i
n
to
T
HR
E
E
d
if
f
er
en
t
t
y
p
es
as
p
er
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
a
n
d
f
u
r
t
h
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
3
]
.
Am
p
l
y
&
Fo
r
w
ar
d
(
A&
F)
R
ela
y
f
o
r
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
a
f
ter
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f
r
ela
ys u
s
ed
fo
r
n
ex
t g
en
era
tio
n
w
ir
eles
s
…,
(
S
a
r
a
ju
P
r
a
s
a
d
P
a
d
h
y
)
29
a
m
p
li
f
y
i
n
g
it
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
f
u
r
th
er
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
.
Dec
o
d
e
an
d
Fo
r
w
ar
d
(
D&
F)
R
ela
y
f
ir
s
t
d
ec
o
d
es
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
i
g
n
al
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
n
o
d
e
an
d
th
e
n
e
n
co
d
es
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
b
ef
o
r
e
it
is
b
ein
g
s
e
n
t
to
t
h
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
[
9
].
I
n
t
h
e
De
m
o
d
u
latio
n
a
n
d
Fo
r
w
ar
d
(
DM
&
F)
R
ela
y
,
r
ec
eiv
e
d
s
ig
n
al
is
d
e
m
o
d
u
late
d
i
n
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
p
h
a
s
e
a
n
d
th
e
n
a
d
ec
is
io
n
is
m
ad
e
b
ef
o
r
e
m
o
d
u
latin
g
a
n
d
f
o
r
w
ar
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
e
w
l
y
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
s
i
g
n
al
to
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
at
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
h
ase.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
T
HR
E
E
s
c
h
e
m
es,
A&
F
i
s
t
h
e
o
n
e
w
h
ic
h
i
s
s
i
m
p
le
s
t
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
lo
w
laten
c
y
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
as
it
a
m
p
li
f
ie
s
n
o
is
e
,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
eg
r
ad
es
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
D
&
F,
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
av
o
id
ed
ev
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
d
ela
y
is
r
el
at
iv
el
y
l
o
n
g
.
Ho
w
ev
er
DM
&
F
o
f
f
er
s
a
tr
ad
e
-
o
f
f
b
et
w
ee
n
c
o
m
p
le
x
it
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
b
ig
g
est
is
s
u
e
w
it
h
DM
&
F
R
ela
y
is
th
at
a
s
th
e
d
ec
is
io
n
is
tak
e
n
at
f
ir
s
t
p
h
ase
,
it
b
ec
o
m
es d
i
f
f
ic
u
lt to
a
v
o
id
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
of
er
r
o
r
.
3.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE
M
E
ASURE
M
E
NT
O
F
SI
M
P
L
E
T
W
O
H
O
P
RE
L
AYIN
G
S
YS
T
E
M
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
a
Si
m
p
le
R
ela
y
s
y
s
te
m
is
e
v
al
u
ated
h
er
e
u
s
i
n
g
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
ar
am
eter
s
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
Valu
es
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
1
.
T
w
o
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ca
s
es
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
i
n
s
ta
n
ce
eN
o
d
eB
an
d
R
N
ar
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
f
ix
ed
n
o
d
es
an
d
UE
i
s
a
m
o
v
ab
le
n
o
d
e
w
h
er
e
as
i
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
i
n
s
tan
ce
e
No
d
eB
an
d
UE
ar
e
f
i
x
ed
n
o
d
es
w
h
er
e
as
R
ela
y
i
s
th
e
m
o
v
ab
le
n
o
d
e.
P
r
:
Sen
s
iti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
d:
Dis
tan
ce
o
f
UE
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
e
B
d
r
:
Dis
tan
ce
o
f
RN
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
y:
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
t f
o
r
p
ath
lo
s
s
P
tx
:
T
r
an
s
m
it
ted
p
o
w
er
u
n
d
er
n
o
R
N
P
tb
:
T
r
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
to
R
ela
y
P
tr
:
T
r
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t f
r
o
m
R
ela
y
to
UE
P
tm
:
T
o
tal
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
r
eq
u
ir
ed
af
ter
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t o
f
R
ela
y
No
d
e
T
ab
le
1
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
a
n
d
v
al
u
e
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
R
N
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
P
r
10
-
3
y
4
d
r
4
0
0
3
.
1
.
Ca
lcula
t
io
n o
f
po
w
er
re
qu
ire
m
e
nt
w
hen e
No
deB
a
nd
RN
a
re
f
ix
ed
no
des
a
nd
U
E
is
mo
v
a
ble
T
h
e
to
tal
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
eNo
d
eB
an
d
UE
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
.
On
e
p
ar
t
is
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
eNo
d
eB
an
d
R
N
w
h
e
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e
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w
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n
R
N
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.
T
h
e
s
en
s
it
iv
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t
y
o
f
R
N
&
UE
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
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h
e
s
a
m
e
an
d
f
i
x
ed
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y
m
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
U
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a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
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f
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n
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o
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t t
h
e
tr
an
s
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itted
p
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w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
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n
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&
R
N.
T
h
is
is
ad
d
ed
to
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e
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
p
o
w
er
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eq
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ir
e
m
en
t
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et
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d
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N
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f
i
n
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t
th
e
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tal
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s
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itted
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er
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h
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al
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e
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ed
w
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h
th
e
tr
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s
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it
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o
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t
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e
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
o
th
er
p
ar
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m
eter
s
to
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e
s
a
m
e.
Alg
o
rit
h
m
1
:
C
alc
u
latio
n
o
f
o
p
tim
u
m
p
o
w
er
r
eq
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ir
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m
e
n
t
w
h
e
n
b
ase
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tatio
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an
d
R
ela
y
ar
e
f
ix
ed
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o
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es
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d
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is
a
m
o
v
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n
o
d
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d
=5
0
0
:1
0
0
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0
0
0
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o
r
x
=
1
to
1
6
P
t
x
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Pr.
[
d
(
x
)
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y
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t
b
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)
=
Pr
.
[
d
r
]
y
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r
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d
(
x
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d
r
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y
P
t
m
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)
=
P
tb
(
x
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P
tr
(
x
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E
n
d
3
.
2
.
Ca
lcul
a
t
io
n o
f
po
w
er
re
qu
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m
e
nt
w
hen
eNo
deB
a
nd
UE
a
re
f
ix
ed
no
des
a
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RN
i
s
mo
v
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ble
Her
e
also
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n
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le
h
o
p
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
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h
e
e
No
d
eB
an
d
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is
d
i
v
id
ed
in
to
t
w
o
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ar
ts
s
i
m
ilar
to
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e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
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s
e.
T
h
e
s
en
s
i
tiv
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y
o
f
R
N
&
UE
ar
e
ass
u
m
ed
to
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e
th
e
s
am
e
a
n
d
f
ix
ed
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
th
e
o
p
ti
m
u
m
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
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t
w
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h
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e
ex
c
ep
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n
th
at
R
N
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t
h
e
m
o
v
i
n
g
n
o
d
e
w
h
er
e
as
th
e
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d
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d
UE
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e
f
ix
ed
n
o
d
es u
n
li
k
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ca
s
e.
Alg
o
rit
h
m
2
:
C
alc
u
l
atio
n
o
f
o
p
ti
m
u
m
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
wh
en
b
ase
s
tatio
n
an
d
UE
ar
e
f
i
x
ed
n
o
d
es
an
d
R
ela
y
n
o
d
e
is
a
m
o
v
ab
le
o
n
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
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8776
I
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t J
I
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f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
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20
2
1
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2
7
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6
30
P
tx
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[
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r
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tr
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3
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3
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Si
m
ula
t
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ults
As
p
er
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
1
a
n
d
Alg
o
r
ith
m
2
,
s
i
m
u
lat
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s
ar
e
ca
r
r
i
ed
o
u
t
w
i
th
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
Ma
tla
b
f
o
r
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o
th
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
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t
in
s
ta
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ce
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E
q
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ip
m
e
n
t
is
m
o
v
i
n
g
w
h
er
e
as
i
n
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
in
s
ta
n
ce
R
N
is
m
o
v
i
n
g
w
it
h
o
th
er
t
w
o
n
o
d
es
r
e
m
ai
n
i
n
g
f
i
x
ed
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
o
b
tain
ed
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r
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m
b
o
th
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
3
[
10
].
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
R
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
d
is
tan
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
UE
an
d
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
Fro
m
th
e
r
es
u
lts
o
f
F
ig
u
r
e
2
it
is
clea
r
l
y
ev
id
e
n
t
th
at
r
eq
u
i
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
p
o
w
er
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
af
ter
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
R
e
la
y
n
o
d
e
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
lo
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ti
o
n
o
f
UE
f
r
o
m
th
e
B
ase
S
tatio
n
.
T
h
is
co
n
cl
u
d
es
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
ex
ten
s
io
n
o
f
co
v
er
ag
e
r
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lti
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
R
N
i
m
p
l
e
m
en
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
clea
r
l
y
in
d
icate
s
t
h
at,
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
to
tal
tr
an
s
m
it
ted
p
o
w
er
is
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
d
is
ta
n
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
R
N
f
r
o
m
e
No
d
eB
.
A
s
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
R
N
m
o
v
e
s
a
w
a
y
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
,
tr
an
s
m
itted
p
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w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
ill
th
e
R
N
r
ea
ch
e
s
t
h
e
ce
n
tr
e
b
et
w
ee
n
UE
an
d
eNo
d
eB
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
R
N
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
s
th
e
p
o
w
er
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
T
h
is
g
iv
e
s
an
id
ea
ab
o
u
t
f
ix
in
g
o
f
R
ela
y
n
o
d
e
s
in
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
to
o
p
tm
ize
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
M
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b
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e
l
a
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
en
h
a
n
ce
me
n
t o
f
r
ela
ys u
s
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fo
r
n
ex
t g
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era
tio
n
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…,
(
S
a
r
a
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P
r
a
s
a
d
P
a
d
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y
)
31
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t o
f
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
s
s
io
n
p
o
w
er
as a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
lo
ca
tio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
4.
ANALY
SI
S O
F
A
& F
R
E
L
AY
UNDE
R
I
B
L
R
E
G
I
M
E
4
.
1
.
No
n
co
o
pera
t
iv
e
env
iro
nm
e
nt
A
s
i
m
p
le
r
ela
y
i
n
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
w
it
h
a
B
ase
Statio
n
(
eNo
d
eB
)
,
a
M
o
b
ile
Statio
n
(
UE
)
,
an
d
a
R
e
la
y
n
o
d
e
(
R
N)
a
s
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
r
ela
y
is
a
s
s
u
m
ed
to
b
e
an
A&
F
r
ela
y
.
T
h
e
lin
k
b
et
w
ee
n
eNo
d
eB
to
UE
is
ter
m
ed
a
s
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
t
li
n
k
,
th
e
li
n
k
b
et
w
ee
n
eNo
d
eB
an
d
R
N
i
s
ca
lled
th
e
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
li
n
k
an
d
th
e
li
n
k
b
et
w
ee
n
R
N
to
UE
is
ter
m
ed
as
r
ela
y
in
g
li
n
k
.
Fo
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
d
ata
f
r
o
m
e
No
d
eB
to
UE
,
First,
eNo
d
eB
tr
an
s
m
it
s
d
ata
to
th
e
UE
u
s
i
n
g
d
ir
ec
t
lin
k
.
I
n
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
s
e
eNo
d
eB
tr
an
s
m
its
d
at
a
to
th
e
R
N
u
s
i
n
g
B
ac
k
h
a
u
l li
n
k
w
h
ic
h
th
e
n
f
o
r
w
ar
d
it
to
th
e
d
est
i
n
atio
n
u
s
in
g
r
ela
y
i
n
g
lin
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
No
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
an
d
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
elay
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n
g
Her
e
w
e
h
a
v
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
a
Ga
u
s
s
ian
ch
a
n
n
el
w
i
th
s
tat
ic
c
h
a
n
n
el
g
ain
s
h
1
,
h
2
,
a
n
d
h
3
r
ep
r
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ti
n
g
th
e
ch
an
n
el
g
ai
n
s
(
s
ca
lar
s
)
o
f
th
e
d
ir
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t
lin
k
,
b
ac
k
h
a
u
l
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k
,
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d
r
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g
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n
k
r
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l
y
w
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th
th
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co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
n
o
is
e
v
ec
to
r
s
d
en
o
ted
b
y
n
1
,
n
2
,
an
d
n
3
r
esp
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ti
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el
y
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h
ese
n
o
is
e
v
ec
to
r
s
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e
id
en
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icall
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i
s
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ted
,
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
Ga
u
s
s
ian
v
ec
to
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s
:
n
~
N
(
0
,
σ
2
I
m
)
,
n
€
{
n
1
,
n
2
,
n
3
}
.
Fu
r
th
er
s
i
g
n
a
ls
r
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ed
b
y
UE
u
s
in
g
d
ir
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t
lin
k
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d
r
elay
in
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k
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an
d
y
3
r
esp
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tiv
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y
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er
e
as
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
R
N
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
is
ter
m
ed
as
y
2
,
x
b
ein
g
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
o
f
eNo
d
eB
an
d
R
N.
L
et
t
h
e
g
a
in
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
A&
F
R
ela
y
i
s
G
.
T
h
u
s
w
h
en
n
o
r
ela
y
i
s
i
n
v
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l
v
ed
,
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
s
i
g
n
al
at
th
e
d
esti
n
atio
n
u
s
i
n
g
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t
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at
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n
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th
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i
v
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α
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2.
x
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0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2400
2700
3000
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
D
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Am
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li
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f
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r
o
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F r
ela
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G
=
√
2
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1
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ath
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t r
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2
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e
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3
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Sig
n
al
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R
N
f
r
o
m
e
No
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eB
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2
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n
x
h
y
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n
al
at
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
R
ela
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a
f
ter
Am
p
li
f
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tio
n
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y
y
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2
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5
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Hen
ce
th
e
Sig
n
al
r
ec
ei
v
ed
at
UE
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
eB
w
it
h
A
&
F
R
ela
y
i
s
.
.
3
3
3
n
y
h
y
a
β
(
6
)
T
o
f
in
d
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
R
N
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
SER
an
al
y
s
i
s
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
b
et
w
ee
n
s
ig
n
al
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
d
ir
ec
t
p
ath
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
A&
F
R
ela
y
n
o
d
e
w
ith
t
h
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
r
esu
lt
s
[
11
]
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
u
s
ed
in
th
is
s
i
m
u
la
tio
n
ar
e
in
d
ica
ted
in
T
ab
le
2
as
ab
o
v
e
a
n
d
th
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
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l
ts
o
b
tain
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
5.
T
ab
le
2
.
P
ar
am
eter
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
A&
F
r
el
a
y
w
i
th
o
u
t c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
P
a
r
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me
t
e
r
V
a
l
u
e
D
i
g
i
t
a
l
M
o
d
u
l
a
t
i
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se
d
Q
P
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o
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l
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t
i
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h
a
n
n
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l
t
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e
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se
d
A
W
G
N
w
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t
h
R
a
y
l
e
i
g
h
f
a
d
i
n
g
T
o
t
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l
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r
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n
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i
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e
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o
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l
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l
3
0
d
b
m
T
r
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T
r
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2
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d
b
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
SER Vs SN
R
c
u
r
v
e
f
o
r
n
o
n
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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m
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T
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SS
N:
2252
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8776
P
erfo
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ma
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33
R
ed
u
ctio
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f
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R
an
d
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m
p
r
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en
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ticed
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en
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RN
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h
is
in
d
icate
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t o
f
r
ela
y
n
o
d
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
es li
n
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
4
.
2
.
Under
co
o
pera
t
iv
e
re
la
y
ing
C
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
el
ay
in
g
h
a
s
e
m
er
g
ed
as
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
f
a
s
test
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
r
esear
c
h
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
ef
f
ic
ien
t
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
u
s
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
w
ir
eles
s
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
s
[
12
,
13
]
.
B
y
allo
w
i
n
g
n
o
d
es
lik
e
m
o
b
ile
h
a
n
d
s
ets
a
n
d
RN
s
to
co
o
p
er
ate
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
s
el
v
es,
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
s
e
f
f
ec
tiv
el
y
a
s
a
r
es
u
lt
o
f
w
h
ich
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
en
er
g
y
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o
w
er
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
,
C
ell
-
ed
g
e
co
v
er
ag
e
e
x
te
n
s
io
n
,
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
r
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p
u
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etc
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n
b
e
ac
h
ie
v
ed
b
y
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o
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er
ativ
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r
elay
i
n
g
in
co
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
s
i
m
p
le
r
ela
y
tech
n
iq
u
es [
1
4
,
1
5
].
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
is
o
b
tain
ed
at
th
e
UE
b
y
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
MR
C
(
m
ax
i
m
a
l
r
atio
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
)
o
f
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
ls
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
eNo
d
e
B
an
d
t
h
at
v
ia
R
N
as
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
i
n
(
7
)
[1
6
]
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
f
o
r
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
in
g
i
n
co
n
ti
n
u
atio
n
w
it
h
(
6
)
.
Her
e
y
is
t
h
e
s
i
g
n
al
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
b
y
UE
af
ter
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
a
n
d
β=1
/√
α
.
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
.
).
1
(
.
.
y
G
h
h
G
h
y
h
y
(
7
)
A
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
t
o
s
h
o
w
th
e
i
m
p
ac
t
o
f
S
NR
o
n
SE
R
a
f
ter
u
s
in
g
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
i
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e.
SE
R
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
h
er
e
f
o
r
th
e
s
i
g
n
a
ls
r
ec
ei
v
e
d
w
it
h
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
elay
i
n
g
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
6.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
et
w
ee
n
SER o
f
A
&
F r
ela
y
u
n
d
er
n
o
n
co
o
p
e
r
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t a
n
d
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
i
g
u
r
e
6
in
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
at
f
u
r
th
er
r
ed
u
ctio
n
o
f
SER
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e.
Hen
ce
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
by
r
ed
u
c
tio
n
o
f
SE
R
u
s
in
g
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
r
ela
y
i
n
g
co
n
ce
p
t.
5.
O
P
T
I
M
I
Z
AT
I
O
N
O
F
CO
O
P
E
RAT
I
V
E
RE
L
AY
I
N
G
In
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ca
s
es,
eq
u
al
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
e
No
d
eB
an
d
R
N
w
as
as
s
u
m
e
d
.
L
et
u
s
co
n
s
id
er
an
A&
F
r
ela
y
w
i
th
c
o
o
p
er
ativ
e
d
iv
er
s
it
y
.
L
et
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
it
p
o
w
er
lev
el
s
at
s
o
u
r
c
e
b
e
P
1
an
d
at
r
ela
y
b
e
P
2
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
,
s
o
t
h
at
P
t
=P
1
+P
2
.
Af
f
ec
t
o
f
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
eNo
d
eB
an
d
R
N
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
s
n
o
w
a
n
al
y
s
ed
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
o
b
j
ec
tiv
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
SER)
is
n
o
w
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t
b
y
v
ar
y
i
n
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
b
et
w
ee
n
eNo
d
eB
an
d
R
N.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
ar
y
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
P
SO
i
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
[
18
-
20
].
Alg
o
rit
h
m
3
:
P
ar
ticle
S
w
ar
m
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
(
P
SO)
f
o
r
R
ela
y
Op
ti
m
izatio
n
.
I
np
ut:
Fit
n
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
(
x
)
is
SER
,
C
o
n
s
tr
ain
t
f
u
n
ctio
n
g
(
x
)
is
SNR
,
d
esig
n
s
o
l
u
tio
n
f
o
r
x
=
[
P
2
/P
t
]
w
h
o
s
e
v
a
lu
e
v
ar
ies b
et
w
ee
n
0
≤
x
≤
1
.
O
utput
:
Op
ti
m
al
v
alu
e
o
f
d
es
ig
n
p
ar
a
m
eter
(
x
op
t
).
I
nitia
lize
p
o
p
u
latio
n
(
N)
,
v
elo
cities
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
all
p
ar
ti
cles r
an
d
o
m
l
y
.
Sp
ec
if
y
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
l
i
m
its
[
0
<
P
2
/P
t
< 1
]
F
o
r
ea
ch
p
ar
ticle
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2252
-
8776
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
1
:
2
7
–
3
6
34
C
o
m
p
u
te
th
e
f
it
n
es
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
f
(
x
)
=
[
SER
]
If
th
e
f
itn
e
s
s
v
al
u
e
is
b
etter
th
an
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
b
est
f
it
n
es
s
v
al
u
e
(
P
best
).
Set
P
best
=f
(
x
)
.
E
nd
A
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
p
,
p
ar
ticle
w
it
h
th
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I
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&
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m
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ec
h
n
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l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
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me
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f
r
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s
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w
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…,
(
S
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35
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
A
b
d
a
ll
a
h
,
D.
S
e
rh
a
l
a
n
d
K.
F
a
k
ih
,
“
Re
la
y
in
g
Tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
fo
r
L
T
E
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
,
”
Pro
c
e
e
d
in
g
s
o
f
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
W
ire
les
s 2
0
1
5
;
2
1
t
h
E
u
ro
p
e
a
n
W
irele
ss
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
Bu
d
a
p
e
st,
Hu
n
g
a
r
y
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
]
Yif
e
i
Ya
u
n
,
“
L
T
E
-
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Re
la
y
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
S
tan
d
a
r
d
iza
ti
o
n
,
”
S
p
rin
g
e
r
Pu
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
I
S
B
N
9
7
8
-
3
-
6
4
2
-
2
9
6
7
6
-
5
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
S
.
P
.
P
a
d
h
y
,
S
.
S
e
th
i
a
n
d
A
.
T
rip
a
th
y
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
Re
lay
s
u
se
d
f
o
r
n
e
x
t
G
e
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
s,”
2
0
1
8
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
A
p
p
li
e
d
El
e
c
tro
ma
g
n
e
ti
c
s,
S
ig
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
AE
S
PC
,
Bh
u
b
a
n
e
s
w
a
r,
In
d
ia,
p
p
.
1
-
4
,
2
0
1
8
[4
]
L
e
A
n
h
V
u
,
M
in
h
T
ra
n
,
V
a
n
-
Du
c
P
h
a
n
a
n
d
Ho
a
n
g
-
Na
m
Ng
u
y
e
n
a
n
d
T
h
a
n
h
-
L
o
n
g
N
g
u
y
e
n
,
“
Th
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
o
f
h
a
rd
w
a
re
i
m
p
a
ir
m
e
n
t
o
n
th
e
sy
ste
m
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
tw
o
-
w
a
y
r
e
la
y
i
n
g
n
e
tw
o
rk
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
m
p
u
ter
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
IJ
EC
E
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
6
2
3
-
3
6
3
2
,
O
c
t
2
0
1
9
.
[5
]
V
.
Y.
F
.
T
a
n
a
n
d
M
.
T
o
m
a
m
ich
e
l,
“
T
h
e
T
h
ird
-
Ord
e
r
T
e
r
m
in
th
e
N
o
rm
a
l
A
p
p
ro
x
ima
ti
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
A
WG
N
Ch
a
n
n
e
l,
”
in
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
o
n
I
n
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
,
v
o
l.
6
1
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
4
3
0
-
2
4
3
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
5
.
[6
]
P
a
d
h
y
S
a
ra
ju
p
ra
sa
d
,
P
a
n
d
a
M
a
d
h
u
sm
it
a
,
S
e
th
i
S
r
in
iv
a
s
a
n
d
T
rip
a
th
y
A
ru
n
a
,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
Op
ti
m
iza
t
io
n
o
f
Re
l
a
y
s
Us
e
d
f
o
r
5
G
Ultra
Re
li
a
b
le
L
o
w
L
a
ten
c
y
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ne
tw
o
rk
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Rec
e
n
t
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
IJ
RT
E
,
v
o
l.
8
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
p
.
5
0
1
7
-
5
0
2
3
,
2
0
2
0
.
[7
]
A
.
Kre
n
d
z
e
l,
“
L
T
E
-
A
M
o
b
il
e
Re
la
y
Ha
n
d
li
n
g
:
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
As
p
e
c
ts,”
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
W
i
re
les
s
2
0
1
3
;
1
9
t
h
Eu
ro
p
e
a
n
W
ire
les
s Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
,
G
u
il
d
f
o
rd
,
UK
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
3
.
[8
]
S
.
Ba
ro
u
d
i
a
n
d
Y.
R.
S
h
a
y
a
n
,
“
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
u
lt
i
-
h
o
p
w
irele
ss
s
y
ste
m
s
b
y
o
p
ti
m
iz
in
g
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
a
n
d
lo
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
re
la
y
s,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
W
ire
les
s
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
M
o
b
il
e
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
I
W
CM
C)
,
Du
b
ro
v
n
ik
,
p
p
.
4
6
5
-
4
6
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
Y.
Hu
,
J.
G
ro
ss
a
n
d
A
.
S
c
h
m
e
in
k
,
“
Qo
S
-
Co
n
stra
in
e
d
E
n
e
rg
y
Eff
ici
e
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8
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I
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36
M
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p
e
ru
sin
g
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
M
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
.
S
rin
iv
a
s
S
e
th
i
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
Be
rh
a
m
p
u
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Be
rh
a
m
p
u
r,
In
d
ia
i
n
th
e
f
ield
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
l
ish
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
6
0
p
a
p
e
rs
in
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
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ti
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tern
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ti
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o
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f
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re
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a
n
d
jo
u
r
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ls.
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a
lso
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
th
re
e
tex
t
b
o
o
k
s
a
p
a
rt
f
ro
m
su
c
c
e
ss
f
u
ll
y
su
p
e
rv
isin
g
5
P
h
.
D.
sc
h
o
lars
a
n
d
1
5
m
a
st
e
rs’
d
e
g
re
e
stu
d
e
n
ts.
He
w
a
s
i
n
v
o
lv
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d
w
it
h
m
o
re
th
a
n
3
5
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tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l/
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ti
o
n
a
l
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v
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l
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o
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re
n
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s/S
e
m
in
a
r
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/W
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rk
sh
o
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s
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th
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a
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
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p
e
c
ial
se
ss
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n
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a
ir
/Co
o
r
d
in
a
t
o
r/T
e
c
h
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ica
l
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m
m
it
tee
M
e
m
b
e
r/
A
d
v
iso
r
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m
m
it
te
e
M
e
m
b
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r.
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a
lso
o
rg
a
n
ize
d
5
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tate
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e
v
e
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
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e
m
in
a
rs
/W
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rk
sh
o
p
s
a
n
d
d
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li
v
e
re
d
m
o
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th
a
n
5
0
In
v
it
e
d
L
e
c
tu
re
s a
t
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l/
Na
ti
o
n
a
l
/Un
iv
e
rsity
le
v
e
l
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s/S
e
m
in
a
rs.
A
ru
n
a
T
rip
a
th
y
o
b
tain
e
d
h
e
r
P
h
.
D.
f
ro
m
IIT
,
Kh
a
ra
g
p
u
r,
In
d
ia
w
it
h
a
sp
e
c
ializa
ti
o
n
in
W
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
S
h
e
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
a
b
o
u
t
4
0
p
a
p
e
rs
in
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
i
n
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
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re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
jo
u
r
n
a
ls.
S
h
e
h
a
s
b
o
th
a
n
i
n
d
u
strial
a
n
d
a
c
a
d
e
m
ic
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
o
f
a
b
o
u
t
2
5
y
e
a
rs.
S
h
e
h
a
s
tau
g
h
t
se
v
e
ra
l
su
b
jec
ts
to
b
o
t
h
UG
a
n
d
P
G
stu
d
e
n
ts.
S
h
e
a
lso
a
u
th
o
re
d
a
tex
t
b
o
o
k
“
Op
to
e
lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
s”
p
u
b
li
s
h
e
d
b
y
S
tu
d
i
u
m
P
r
e
ss
(In
t).
A
b
o
u
t
3
3
m
a
ste
r’s
th
e
se
s
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
su
p
e
rv
ise
d
b
y
h
e
r.
He
r
su
b
jec
t
in
tere
sts
in
c
l
u
d
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
sig
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
ss
in
g
a
n
d
p
h
o
to
n
ics
.
P
re
se
n
tl
y
,
sh
e
is
se
r
v
in
g
a
s
th
e
h
e
a
d
o
f
th
e
d
e
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
In
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
c
o
ll
e
g
e
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(CET
),
Bh
u
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r.
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