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h
ttp
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ia
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m
Perf
o
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ly
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M
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P.
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ticle
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1
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4
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n
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e
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ti
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ty
.
5
G
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
h
a
s
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
to
u
n
lo
c
k
n
e
w
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
i
n
g
s
(I
o
T)
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
b
y
u
ti
li
z
i
n
g
th
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
su
c
h
a
s
m
u
lt
ip
le
i
n
p
u
t
m
u
lt
i
p
le o
u
t
p
u
t
o
rth
o
g
o
n
a
l
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
d
i
v
isio
n
m
u
lt
ip
lex
in
g
(M
IM
O
-
OFDM
),
a
n
d
Li
-
F
i.
L
o
w
d
e
n
sity
p
a
rit
y
c
h
e
c
k
(LDP
C)
a
n
d
p
o
lar
c
o
d
e
s
a
re
b
e
in
g
p
re
fe
rre
d
f
o
r
d
a
ta
a
n
d
c
o
n
tro
l
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
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sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
in
5
G
sy
ste
m
s
a
s
th
e
se
c
o
d
i
n
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
o
ffe
r
g
o
o
d
e
rr
o
r
-
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
rre
c
ti
o
n
a
lo
n
g
wit
h
re
d
u
c
e
d
late
n
c
y
.
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o
r
e
v
e
r,
LDP
C
c
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d
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s
a
re
p
o
we
r
e
ffi
c
ien
t.
T
h
is
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a
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r
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ims
t
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l
y
z
e
t
h
e
b
it
e
rr
o
r
ra
te
(B
ER)
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
L
DPC
c
o
d
e
s
in
M
I
M
O
-
OFDM
S
y
ste
m
fo
r
d
i
ffe
re
n
t
m
o
d
u
latio
n
sc
h
e
m
e
s.
LD
P
C
c
o
d
e
s
imp
ro
v
e
t
h
e
BER
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
OFDM
a
n
d
M
IM
O
-
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s.
M
IM
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-
OFDM
sy
ste
m
s
d
e
li
v
e
r
b
e
tt
e
r
BER
p
e
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rm
a
n
c
e
o
v
e
r
OFDM
sy
ste
m
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
it e
r
r
o
r
r
ate
Fifth
g
en
er
atio
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L
DPC
co
d
es
MI
MO
-
OFDM
Mo
d
u
latio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
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SA
li
c
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se
.
C
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s
p
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A
uth
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r
:
Srin
u
Py
la
Dep
ar
tm
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t o
f
E
lectr
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ics an
d
C
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m
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n
g
in
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g
Gay
atr
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Par
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h
ad
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lleg
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f
E
n
g
in
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r
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g
(
A
u
to
n
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m
o
u
s
)
Vis
ak
h
ap
atn
am
,
An
d
h
r
a
Pra
d
e
s
h
5
3
0
0
4
8
,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail: sr
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u
p
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p
ce
.
ac
.
i
n
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Sig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
d
ig
ital
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
i
n
th
e
f
ield
s
o
f
ce
llu
lar
,
s
atellit
e,
wir
eless
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
n
o
is
e
lev
el
an
d
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
er
r
o
r
s
ar
e
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
e
r
an
d
th
ese
er
r
o
r
s
ca
n
b
e
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
u
s
in
g
p
r
o
p
er
c
h
an
n
el
c
o
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
4
G
s
y
s
tem
s
,
tu
r
b
o
co
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
wh
er
ea
s
in
5
G
s
y
s
tem
s
,
lo
w
d
en
s
ity
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
(
L
DPC
)
an
d
Po
lar
co
d
es a
r
e
b
ein
g
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
r
ates
o
f
2
G
g
en
er
al
p
ac
k
et
r
a
d
io
s
er
v
ice
(
GPR
S),
an
d
2
.
5
G
e
n
h
an
ce
d
d
ata
r
ate
f
o
r
GSM
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
(
E
DGE
)
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
4
0
k
b
p
s
a
n
d
3
8
4
k
b
p
s
r
esp
e
ctiv
ely
.
T
h
e
t
h
ir
d
g
en
er
atio
n
(
3
G)
s
y
s
tem
s
wer
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
in
2
0
0
0
’
s
with
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
n
et
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
t
r
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
m
u
ltit
ask
in
g
an
d
v
id
eo
ca
llin
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
ar
e
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
in
3
G
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
u
r
th
g
en
er
atio
n
(
4
G)
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
o
f
f
er
e
d
g
r
ea
te
r
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
wir
eles
s
i
n
ter
n
et
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
.
Or
th
o
g
o
n
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
d
iv
is
io
n
m
u
ltip
l
ex
in
g
(
OFDM)
[
3
]
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
h
ig
h
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
an
d
elim
in
ates
in
ter
s
y
m
b
o
l
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
SI
)
.
I
n
ad
d
iti
o
n
,
it
m
itig
ates
th
e
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
it
b
ec
o
m
es
s
tr
o
n
g
ca
n
d
id
ate
f
o
r
L
T
E
an
d
a
d
v
an
ce
d
L
T
E
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
a
d
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
i
n
telec
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
f
f
er
m
ac
h
in
e
to
h
u
m
an
s
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
to
m
ac
h
in
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
[
4
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
4
G
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
e
m
u
lti
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
b
etter
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
en
h
an
ce
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates.
5
G
wir
ele
s
s
n
etwo
r
k
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
s
er
v
i
ce
,
d
ata
r
ate,
laten
cy
,
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
k
ey
p
ar
am
eter
s
in
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f LDP
C
co
d
es in
MIMO
-
OF
DM fo
r
n
ex
t g
en
era
tio
n
w
ir
eless
…
(
P
.
A
r
u
n
a
K
u
ma
r
i)
637
5
G
n
etwo
r
k
s
ar
e
lo
w
laten
cy
,
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
c
o
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
ed
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ates [
6
]
.
5
G
u
s
es
s
p
atial
m
u
ltip
lex
in
g
,
m
u
ltip
le
-
in
p
u
t
-
m
u
lti
p
le
-
o
u
tp
u
t
(
MI
M
O)
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
7
]
to
m
ee
t
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
co
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
m
illi
m
eter
wav
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Fo
r
war
d
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
(
FEC)
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
n
et
wo
r
k
in
g
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
f
ast
an
d
r
eli
ab
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
5
G
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
u
s
e
L
DPC
an
d
p
o
la
r
co
d
es f
o
r
d
ata
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l c
h
an
n
els r
es
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
h
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
Sh
an
n
o
n
c
h
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
it
y
[
8
]
.
Sev
er
al
co
d
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
im
p
lem
e
n
t
ed
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
.
C
h
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
o
f
f
er
s
:
i)
e
n
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ich
is
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
r
e
q
u
ir
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
as
th
ey
ar
e
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
b
atter
ies
an
d
ii)
l
ess
laten
cy
b
y
av
o
id
in
g
r
etr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
r
elia
b
le
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
c
h
an
n
el
co
d
i
n
g
s
y
s
tem
.
T
u
r
b
o
co
d
es
wh
ich
a
r
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
1
9
9
3
h
a
v
e
g
o
o
d
b
u
r
s
t
er
r
o
r
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
i
liti
es.
T
u
r
b
o
c
o
d
es
n
ea
r
ly
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
e
Sh
an
n
o
n
ch
an
n
el
ca
p
ac
ity
[
1
0
]
.
B
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
iter
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
th
e
tu
r
b
o
d
ec
o
d
e
r
,
its
laten
cy
is
m
o
r
e,
b
u
t th
e
laten
c
y
o
f
5
G
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
s
y
s
tem
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
v
er
y
s
m
all.
As
L
DP
C
co
d
es
h
av
e
less
lat
en
cy
an
d
g
o
o
d
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
th
ese
co
d
es
ar
e
p
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
in
5
G
a
n
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
L
DP
C
en
co
d
in
g
is
th
e
ess
en
tial
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
co
r
r
ec
tin
g
er
r
o
r
s
in
lar
g
e
b
lo
ck
s
izes
[
1
1
]
-
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ity
-
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
in
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
s
h
o
u
ld
h
av
e
less
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
1
s
in
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
0
s
.
T
h
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
o
f
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
an
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
is
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
d
etailed
in
th
e
s
u
cc
ee
d
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
.
As
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
wir
e
less
ap
p
licatio
n
s
as
well
as
u
s
er
s
is
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
,
th
e
d
em
an
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
is
also
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
.
Ho
wev
er
,
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ate
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
wir
ele
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
s
lead
s
to
I
SI
a
lo
n
g
with
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
.
Pro
p
er
d
esig
n
o
f
a
n
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
[
1
5
]
m
itig
ates b
o
t
h
I
SI
a
n
d
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
.
I
n
s
in
g
le
an
te
n
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
b
an
d
wid
t
h
is
n
o
t
s
u
f
f
ici
en
t
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
all
t
h
e
wir
eles
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
an
d
u
s
er
s
.
Hen
ce
,
m
u
l
ti
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
MI
MO
s
y
s
tem
s
[
1
6
]
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
o
f
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
OFDM
an
d
MI
MO
th
at
is
MI
MO
-
OFDM
[
17]
-
[
1
9
]
m
ee
ts
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
a
d
v
an
ce
d
wir
e
less
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Alam
o
u
ti
[
2
0
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
s
p
ac
e
-
tim
e
c
o
d
e
(
STC)
f
o
r
m
u
ltip
le
a
n
ten
n
as
at
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
an
d
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
r
ec
ei
v
er
(
1
x
2
MI
SO)
s
y
s
tem
.
Mu
ltip
le
an
ten
n
a
s
y
s
tem
s
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
iv
er
s
ity
g
ai
n
an
d
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate.
I
n
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
4
]
d
escr
ib
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
s
p
a
ce
tim
e
b
lo
ck
co
d
es
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
th
an
two
an
ten
n
as
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
ax
im
u
m
d
iv
er
s
ity
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
s
ec
tio
n
1
co
v
er
s
th
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
an
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
3
d
ea
ls
with
r
esu
lts
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
es
in
OFDM
an
d
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
.
F
in
ally
,
th
e
p
a
p
er
is
co
n
clu
d
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
SYST
E
M
M
O
D
E
L
A
ND
I
M
P
L
E
M
E
NT
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
L
DPC
en
co
d
e
d
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
1
,
b
i
n
ar
y
d
ata
is
en
co
d
ed
u
s
in
g
L
DPC
en
co
d
er
an
d
th
e
e
n
co
d
e
d
d
ata
is
m
o
d
u
lated
u
s
in
g
PS
K/QAM
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
u
lated
d
ata
is
g
iv
en
to
th
e
STBC
en
co
d
er
a
n
d
ea
ch
s
tr
ea
m
is
ap
p
lied
to
I
FF
T
.
C
y
clic
p
r
ef
ix
(
C
P)
is
ap
p
en
d
ed
to
th
e
tail
o
f
th
e
OFDM
s
y
m
b
o
l
.
Her
e
,
th
e
len
g
th
o
f
th
e
C
P
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
lig
h
tly
lar
g
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
ch
an
n
el
d
elay
s
p
r
ea
d
to
m
ak
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
I
SI
f
r
ee
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
th
e
f
f
icien
t.
At
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
er
,
t
h
e
C
P
is
d
is
ca
r
d
ed
a
n
d
th
e
d
ata
is
ap
p
lied
to
FF
T
an
d
its
o
u
tp
u
t
is
g
iv
en
to
th
e
MI
MO
d
ec
o
d
er
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
th
e
d
ata
is
d
em
o
d
u
lated
an
d
d
ec
o
d
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
it f
lip
p
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
B
lo
ck
d
iag
r
am
o
f
L
DPC
en
co
d
ed
MI
MO
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
636
-
644
638
2
.
1
.
L
DP
C
co
des
T
h
e
s
ize
o
f
m
atr
ix
in
(
,
)
L
DPC
co
d
e
is
(
−
)
x
.
Her
e,
an
d
in
d
icate
th
e
len
g
th
s
o
f
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
an
d
co
d
ewo
r
d
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
an
n
e
r
g
r
ap
h
is
u
s
ed
t
o
r
ep
r
esen
t
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
.
I
n
tan
n
er
g
r
a
p
h
,
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
es
(
C
N)
an
d
v
a
r
iab
l
e
n
o
d
es
(
VN)
in
d
icate
s
th
e
r
o
ws
an
d
co
lu
m
n
s
o
f
p
ar
ity
ch
e
ck
m
atr
ix
.
Nu
m
b
e
r
o
f
‘
1
’
s
in
th
e
p
ar
ity
m
atr
ix
g
iv
es
th
e
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
C
Ns
a
n
d
VNs.
C
y
clic
s
h
if
ts
,
liftin
g
s
ize
an
d
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
ar
e
th
e
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
p
ar
it
y
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
.
4
6
×
6
8
(
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
1
)
an
d
4
2
×
5
2
(
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
2
)
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
s
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
i
n
n
ew
r
a
d
io
(
NR
)
s
y
s
tem
s
.
A
(
4
×
7
)
s
p
ar
s
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
‘
H’
a
n
d
its
T
an
n
er
g
r
a
p
h
is
s
h
o
wn
in
(
1
)
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
2
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
len
g
th
an
d
c
o
d
e
r
ate,
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
s
ar
e
s
elec
ted
.
E
ac
h
b
ase
g
r
ap
h
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
eig
h
t p
ar
ity
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
ices a
n
d
ea
ch
liftin
g
s
ize
s
et
h
av
e
o
n
e
s
et
o
f
cy
clic
s
h
if
t
s
[
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
a
n
n
er
g
r
ap
h
o
f
4
×7
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
2
.
2
.
L
DP
C
enco
der
I
n
(
n
,
k
)
L
DPC
co
d
e,
th
e
wei
g
h
ts
w
c
an
d
w
r
in
d
icate
s
,
1
’
s
co
u
n
t
in
th
e
co
lu
m
n
s
an
d
1
’
s
co
u
n
t
in
th
e
r
o
ws
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
class
if
icatio
n
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
es
is
b
ased
o
n
w
c
an
d
w
r
.
R
eg
u
lar
L
D
PC
co
d
es
co
n
tain
s
eq
u
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
1
’
s
in
ea
ch
co
lu
m
n
an
d
r
o
w
,
o
th
e
r
wis
e
th
e
co
d
es
ar
e
ca
lle
d
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
L
DPC
co
d
es
[
2
5
]
.
Pro
to
g
r
ap
h
is
u
s
ed
in
c
o
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
L
DPC
co
d
es.
I
n
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
,
th
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
is
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
ex
p
an
d
i
n
g
th
e
b
ase
m
atr
i
x
w
h
ich
is
o
b
tain
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
g
r
ap
h
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
.
=
[
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
]
(
1
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
x
p
an
d
in
g
a
b
ase
m
atr
ix
u
s
in
g
an
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f LDP
C
co
d
es in
MIMO
-
OF
DM fo
r
n
ex
t g
en
era
tio
n
w
ir
eless
…
(
P
.
A
r
u
n
a
K
u
ma
r
i)
639
H
=
[
x
2
+
x
3
x
1
x
2
1
x
3
0
1
1
1
+
x
1
1
1
1
1
0
x
3
1
1
+
x
2
1
0
1
x
1
x
2
1
1
1
+
x
3
1
0
1
1
]
(
2
)
Pa
r
ity Che
c
k
M
a
tr
ix
1
=
[
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
]
x
=
[
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
]
x
2
=
[
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
]
x
3
=
[
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
]
C
i
r
c
ul
a
n
ts
=
[
1
0
1
3
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
4
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
]
(
3
)
I
k
:
i
d
en
tity
m
atr
ix
i
n
wh
ich
c
o
lu
m
n
elem
en
ts
ar
e
s
h
if
te
d
b
y
k
tim
es
2
.
3
.
L
DP
C
enco
din
g
m
ec
ha
nis
m
−
Step
1
:
c
o
n
s
id
er
a
p
ar
ity
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
ix
with
ex
p
an
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
5
,
th
at
i
n
clu
d
es
ex
p
an
s
io
n
v
alu
es:
-
1,
0,
1,
2,
3
,
an
d
4
.
Par
it
y
ch
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
H
is
co
n
s
i
d
er
ed
as
p
er
(
2
)
alo
n
g
with
th
e
cir
cu
lan
ts
1
,
x
,
x
2
,
an
d
x
3
.
On
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
th
e
cir
cu
lan
ts
,
th
e
p
ar
ity
-
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
with
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
f
a
cto
r
-
5
m
o
d
if
ies to
(
3
)
.
−
Step
2
:
c
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
[
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
]
wh
er
e
ea
ch
m
e
s
s
ag
e
is
o
f
5
b
its
.
−
Step
3
:
t
h
e
co
d
ewo
r
d
f
o
r
th
e
ab
o
v
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
its
is
[
M
1
M
2
M
3
M
4
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
]
wh
er
e
P
1
P
2
P
3
P
4
ar
e
o
f
5
-
b
it
len
g
th
.
−
Step
4
:
co
d
ewo
r
d
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
s
o
lv
in
g
(
4
)
.
[
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
]
=
0
(
4
)
−
Step
5
:
e
x
tr
ac
tin
g
r
o
w
elem
en
t
s
in
(
4
)
an
d
eq
u
atin
g
to
ze
r
o
,
e
q
u
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
to
(
8
)
ar
e
o
b
tain
ed
.
1
1
+
3
3
+
1
4
+
2
1
+
2
=
0
(
5
)
2
1
+
2
+
3
4
+
2
+
3
=
0
(
6
)
4
2
+
2
3
+
4
+
1
1
+
3
+
4
=
0
(
7
)
4
1
+
1
2
+
3
+
2
1
+
4
=
0
(
8
)
−
Step
6
:
a
d
d
in
g
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
(
5
)
th
r
o
u
g
h
(
6
)
,
a
n
d
u
p
o
n
s
o
lv
in
g
(
9
)
,
p
a
r
ity
b
it seq
u
e
n
ce
P
1
is
o
b
tain
ed
.
1
1
=
1
1
+
3
4
+
1
4
+
2
1
+
2
+
3
3
+
4
2
+
2
3
+
4
+
4
1
+
1
2
+
3
(
9
)
−
Step
7
:
b
y
s
u
b
s
titu
tin
g
P
1
in
H
m
atr
ix
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
P
2
is
ca
lc
u
lated
.
Similar
ly
u
s
in
g
P
2
,
p
ar
ity
b
it
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
P
3
an
d
th
en
P
4
ar
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
.
Ca
s
e
1
:
-
C
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
lo
ck
s
eq
u
en
ce
M
=
[
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
]
an
d
en
co
d
e
it
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
ab
o
v
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
.
-
C
o
n
s
id
er
M
1
=
[
1
0
1
]
; M
2
=
[
0
0
0
]
; M
3
=
[
0
0
0
]
; M
4
=
[
1
1
1
]
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
p
a
r
ity
ch
e
c
k
m
atr
ix
as in
(
10
)
with
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
f
a
cto
r
3
.
H
=
[
1
−
1
1
2
2
0
−
1
−
1
2
1
−
1
0
−
1
0
0
−
1
−
1
2
2
1
1
−
1
0
0
2
1
0
−
1
2
−
1
−
1
0
]
(
10
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
636
-
644
640
Usi
n
g
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
s
ec
ti
o
n
2
.
3
,
an
d
u
p
o
n
s
o
lv
in
g
,
p
ar
ity
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
P
1
,
P
2
,
P
3
,
an
d
P
4
g
e
n
er
ated
a
r
e
P
1
=
[
0
1
0
]
;
P
2
=
[
1
0
1
]
;
P
3
=
[
1
0
0
]
;
a
n
d
P
4
=
[
1
1
1
]
.
T
h
en
th
e
en
co
d
ed
co
d
e
wo
r
d
with
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
f
ac
t
o
r
-
3
is
X=
[
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
]
.
Ca
s
e
2
:
-
C
o
n
s
id
er
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
lo
c
k
s
eq
u
en
ce
M
=
[
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
]
.
-
C
o
n
s
id
er
M
1
=
[
1
0
1
0
1
]
;
M
2
=
[
0
0
0
0
0
]
;
M
3
=
[
1
1
1
1
1
]
;
M
4
=
[
0
1
0
1
0
]
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
as in
(
11
)
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
5
.
H
=
[
1
0
3
1
2
−
1
0
0
2
−
1
0
3
0
−
1
−
1
0
0
4
2
−
1
1
0
−
1
−
1
4
1
−
1
0
2
0
0
−
1
]
(
11
)
Usi
n
g
L
DPC
en
co
d
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
as
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
s
ec
tio
n
2
.
3
,
an
d
u
p
o
n
s
o
lv
in
g
,
p
ar
ity
b
it
s
eq
u
en
ce
s
P
1
,
P
2
,
P
3
,
an
d
P
4
g
en
er
ated
ar
e
P
1
=
[
0
1
0
1
0
]
;
P
2
=
[
0
1
0
0
1
]
;
P
3
=
[
0
1
1
0
1
]
;
an
d
P
4
=
[
0
1
1
0
0
]
.
T
h
e
n
th
e
en
c
o
d
ed
co
d
e
wo
r
d
with
ex
p
a
n
s
io
n
f
ac
to
r
-
5
is
X=
[
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
]
.
2
.
4
.
L
DP
C
d
ec
o
din
g
m
ec
ha
nis
m
Fo
r
d
ec
o
d
i
n
g
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
e,
iter
ativ
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
eq
u
en
tial
r
e
p
a
ir
o
f
er
r
o
r
b
its
with
th
e
h
elp
o
f
tan
n
er
g
r
ap
h
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
h
ar
d
d
ec
o
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e
is
u
s
ed
.
E
r
r
o
r
b
its
ar
e
d
etec
ted
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
it
s
tr
ea
m
b
y
CN
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
p
a
r
ity
.
I
f
th
e
p
ar
ity
is
s
atis
f
ied
,
d
ata
is
s
en
t
to
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
n
o
d
es
else b
its
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
d
ata
a
r
e
ad
ju
s
ted
to
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
p
a
r
ity
an
d
th
e
n
th
e
c
o
r
r
ec
ted
m
ess
ag
e
is
s
en
t.
B
it
f
lip
pi
ng
a
lg
o
rit
hm
B
it
f
lip
p
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
is
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
d
ec
o
d
in
g
a
b
in
a
r
y
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
ch
an
n
el.
Her
e
,
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
it
is
f
lip
p
ed
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
o
r
1
to
0
.
−
Step
1
:
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
ar
ity
m
atr
ix
,
d
r
aw
th
e
T
a
n
n
er
g
r
ap
h
.
−
Step
2
:
p
er
f
o
r
m
ev
e
n
p
a
r
ity
ch
ec
k
f
o
r
ea
ch
ch
ec
k
n
o
d
e.
−
Step
3
:
f
lip
th
o
s
e
b
its
wh
ich
a
r
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
with
th
e
lar
g
est n
u
m
b
er
o
f
u
n
s
atis
f
ied
p
ar
ity
ch
e
ck
s
.
−
Step
4
:
n
o
w,
f
o
r
th
e
u
p
d
ate
d
d
ata,
g
o
b
ac
k
to
s
tep
2
.
Kee
p
it
er
atin
g
u
n
til all
ch
ec
k
s
ar
e
s
atis
f
ied
.
Dec
o
din
g
c
a
s
e:
L
et
th
e
m
ess
ag
e
b
it
s
b
e
M
=
[
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
]
an
d
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
its
af
ter
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
b
e
y
=
[
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ity
ch
ec
k
m
atr
ix
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
as
in
(
12
)
.
H
=
[
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
]
(
12
)
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
T
an
n
e
r
g
r
ap
h
is
as
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
b
it
f
lip
p
in
g
an
d
th
e
u
p
d
ated
tan
n
er
g
r
ap
h
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
.
Af
ter
f
lip
p
in
g
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
b
it,
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
is
[
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
]
wh
ich
is
eq
u
al
to
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itted
s
eq
u
en
ce
.
Hen
ce
,
th
e
er
r
o
r
s
in
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
s
eq
u
en
ce
a
r
e
co
r
r
ec
ted
i
n
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
a
n
n
er
g
r
ap
h
o
f
p
ar
i
ty
ch
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f LDP
C
co
d
es in
MIMO
-
OF
DM fo
r
n
ex
t g
en
era
tio
n
w
ir
eless
…
(
P
.
A
r
u
n
a
K
u
ma
r
i)
641
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
B
it f
lip
p
in
g
in
T
a
n
n
e
r
g
r
ap
h
o
f
p
ar
ity
c
h
ec
k
m
atr
i
x
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
L
DPC
co
d
es
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
in
OFDM
an
d
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
ig
it
al
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
es.
Fig
u
r
e
6
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
e
in
ter
m
s
o
f
B
E
R
in
QPSK
m
o
d
u
lated
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
an
d
it is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
t
h
e
B
E
R
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
with
in
cr
e
ase
in
SNR
(
in
d
B
)
.
T
h
e
b
etter
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
MI
MO
-
OFDM
o
v
er
OFD
M
is
al
s
o
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
es
i
n
4
QAM
m
o
d
u
lated
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
6
an
d
F
ig
u
r
e
7
,
an
im
p
r
o
v
ed
e
r
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
4
QAM
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
o
v
er
QPSK
MI
MO
-
OFD
M
s
y
s
tem
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
.
T
h
e
B
E
R
o
f
L
DPC
en
co
d
ed
QPSK
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
at
1
5
d
B
SNR
is
10
−
3
wh
er
ea
s
4
QAM
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
ed
s
am
e
B
E
R
(
10
−
3
)
at
1
0
d
B
SNR
o
n
ly
.
Fig
u
r
e
s
8
an
d
9
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
L
DP
C
co
d
e
in
8
PS
K
OFDM
an
d
8
PS
K
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
an
d
8
QAM
OFDM
an
d
8
QAM
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
r
esp
ec
ti
v
ely
.
B
y
o
b
s
er
v
in
g
F
ig
u
r
e
s
8
a
n
d
9
,
a
b
etter
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
8
QAM
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
is
n
o
ticed
in
c
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
with
th
e
8
PS
K
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
t
em
.
T
h
e
SNR
(
in
d
B
)
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
f
o
r
10
−
3
B
E
R
in
8
PS
K
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
is
m
o
r
e
th
an
2
0
.
Ho
wev
er
,
8
QAM
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
ac
h
iev
es
10
−
3
B
E
R
w
ith
1
5
d
B
SNR
o
n
ly
.
Fro
m
F
ig
u
r
e
s
1
0
an
d
1
1
,
th
e
SNR
(
in
d
B
)
r
eq
u
ir
ed
in
1
6
PS
K
2
×
2
M
I
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
an
d
16
QAM
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
is
2
3
an
d
1
7
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
Hen
ce
,
f
r
o
m
th
e
F
ig
u
r
e
s
6
to
1
1
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
t
h
at
th
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
QAM
s
y
s
tem
is
alwa
y
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
o
v
e
r
PS
K
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
is
also
o
b
s
e
r
v
ed
th
at
th
e
er
r
o
r
pe
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
v
ar
ied
wit
h
th
e
ch
an
g
e
in
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
(
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate)
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
im
p
r
o
v
es
with
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
r
d
e
r
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
at
th
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
er
r
o
r
r
ate
an
d
v
ice
v
er
s
a.
Hen
ce
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
t,
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
to
b
e
s
elec
ted
.
Fo
r
b
etter
r
e
liab
ilit
y
,
lo
wer
o
r
d
e
r
m
o
d
u
lati
o
n
an
d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ate
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
h
ig
h
er
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
is
to
b
e
s
ele
cted
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
QP
SK
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
4
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
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8
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7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
636
-
644
642
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
2
×
2
O
FDM
an
d
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
8
PS
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
8
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
1
6
PS
K
m
o
d
u
latio
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
B
E
R
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
ig
n
al
with
1
6
QAM
m
o
d
u
latio
n
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
,
b
asic
OFDM
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
.
Fo
r
b
it
lev
el
p
r
o
tectio
n
,
L
DPC
co
d
es
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
es
in
OFD
M
an
d
2
×
2
MI
MO
-
OFDM
s
y
s
tem
s
is
an
aly
ze
d
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
ig
ital
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e
s
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
,
it
is
co
n
cl
u
d
ed
th
at
t
h
e
er
r
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
MI
MO
-
OFDM
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
L
DPC
co
d
e
is
b
etter
th
an
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
Hen
ce
,
L
DPC
co
d
e
im
p
r
o
v
es
t
h
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
alo
n
g
w
ith
th
e
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
cy
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
b
etter
er
r
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
p
o
wer
ef
f
icien
c
y
a
n
d
o
th
e
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ad
v
an
tag
es,
L
DPC
c
o
d
es
ar
e
b
ein
g
p
r
ef
e
r
r
ed
in
c
o
n
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
s
u
ch
as
5
G
an
d
B
ey
o
n
g
5
G
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
t
is
also
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
o
f
s
y
s
tem
d
ep
e
n
d
s
o
n
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
m
o
d
u
latio
n
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
er
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
r
ate
is
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
ig
h
er
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
an
d
b
etter
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
lo
wer
o
r
d
er
m
o
d
u
latio
n
o
r
/an
d
g
o
o
d
ch
an
n
el
co
d
es su
c
h
as L
DPC
co
d
es.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
Au
th
o
r
s
s
in
ce
r
ely
th
a
n
k
th
e
r
ev
iewe
r
s
f
o
r
th
ei
r
v
alu
a
b
le
co
m
m
en
ts
o
n
an
ea
r
ly
v
er
s
i
o
n
o
f
th
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t th
at
h
as h
el
p
ed
g
r
e
atly
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
ev
is
ed
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
n
a
lysi
s
o
f LDP
C
co
d
es in
MIMO
-
OF
DM fo
r
n
ex
t g
en
era
tio
n
w
ir
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…
(
P
.
A
r
u
n
a
K
u
ma
r
i)
643
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
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M
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I
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Au
th
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r
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s
tate
n
o
f
u
n
d
in
g
in
v
o
lv
ed
.
AUTHO
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CO
NT
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B
UT
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NS ST
A
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Na
m
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o
f
Aut
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So
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Fo
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Vi
Su
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Fu
P.
Ar
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Ku
m
ar
i
✓
✓
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✓
✓
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Srin
u
Py
la
✓
✓
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✓
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.
N
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V
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P
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R
ajen
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ath
✓
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Nir
u
jo
g
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en
k
ata
Ma
h
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a
R
ao
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
✓
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✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
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p
t
u
a
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t
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:
M
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f
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th
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s
tate
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t
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DATA AV
AI
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AB
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D
a
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e
d
i
n
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
Z.
T
u
a
n
d
S
.
Z
h
a
n
g
,
“
O
v
e
r
v
i
e
w
o
f
LD
P
C
C
o
d
e
s,
”
i
n
p
ro
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
7
t
h
I
E
EE
i
n
t
e
rn
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
o
n
c
o
m
p
u
t
e
r
a
n
d
i
n
f
o
rm
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
C
I
T
-
2
0
0
7
)
,
p
p
.
4
6
9
–
4
7
4
,
2
0
0
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
1
0
9
/
c
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t
.
2
0
0
7
.
7
.
[
2
]
Th
a
n
g
a
r
a
j
,
A
n
d
r
e
w
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PH
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Dr
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Ar
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k
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tro
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d
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g
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g
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to
n
o
m
o
u
s).
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h
e
re
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B
.
Tec
h
.
d
e
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re
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n
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fr
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m
J.N.
T.
Un
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v
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n
d
M
.
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h
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d
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m
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ra
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sity
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g
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h
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h
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re
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m
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wa
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rlal
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ru
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Un
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rsity
,
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k
in
a
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a
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s
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g
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p
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ts.
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r
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ts
in
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lu
d
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wire
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s
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s
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m
Wav
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it
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m
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s
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tec
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ti
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tern
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ti
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o
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d
C
o
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fe
r
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n
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s.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
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m
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h
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v
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a
c
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in
.
Dr
.
S
r
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Py
la
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sista
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ro
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t
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ly
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p
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h
is
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h
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D
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fro
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J
a
wa
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h
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k
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d
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h
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d
Jo
u
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field
s
o
f
in
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re
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o
m
m
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n
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s
a
n
d
sig
n
a
l
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
g
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
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:
srin
u
p
y
la@
g
v
p
c
e
.
a
c
.
in
.
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.
N
.
V
.
P
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je
n
d
r
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th
is
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k
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s
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n
As
sista
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t
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p
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rtme
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k
h
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p
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tn
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n
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h
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fro
m
Ac
h
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ry
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Na
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rju
n
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Un
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y
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n
d
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.
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h
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fr
o
m
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ll
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re
In
stit
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Tec
h
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r
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n
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ti
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ly
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c
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m
p
lete
d
h
is
P
h
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D.
fro
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S
R
U
Un
i
v
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Alwa
r,
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n
d
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h
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s
p
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k
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s,
a
n
d
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m
b
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sy
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m
s.
He
c
a
n
b
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tac
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