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in
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K
ey
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s
:
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E
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tio
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Sk
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Me
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W
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g
Un
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ity
T
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CC B
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SA
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.
C
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r
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p
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nd
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A
uth
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r
:
J
af
ar
Asg
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E
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g
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Dep
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t,
Facu
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ity
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f
Me
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ical
Scien
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s
,
I
s
lam
ic
R
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u
b
lic
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I
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a
n
.
E
m
ail: J.Asg
ar
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.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
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N
T
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ak
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it
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s
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t
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co
m
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ate,
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v
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Sk
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witter
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tech
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(
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C
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)
h
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b
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n
a
cr
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c
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p
o
n
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On
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a
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u
ca
tio
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v
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m
en
ts
[
1
]
.
T
o
ap
p
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ac
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ac
a
d
em
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ed
u
ca
tio
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al
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t
teac
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d
lear
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s
[
2
,
3
]
.
Ma
n
y
An
d
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o
id
ap
p
licatio
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s
a
r
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at
p
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[
4
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.
T
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[
5
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.
T
h
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is
m
o
s
tly
as
f
r
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m
th
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in
s
tr
u
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ac
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p
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teac
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[
6
,
7
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.
T
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A
ca
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k
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[
8
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co
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cl
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es th
at
in
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B
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f
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if
ican
tly
im
p
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b
len
d
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le
ar
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[
9
]
,
b
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ca
n
h
av
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a
m
a
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r
r
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le
in
also
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u
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[
1
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.
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ities
to
d
ev
elo
p
teac
h
i
n
g
an
d
lear
n
in
g
.
2.
P
RO
M
O
T
I
NG
P
RE
M
I
S
E
S
T
O
SO
CIA
L
M
E
D
I
A
L
AN
G
UAG
E
K
NO
WL
E
DG
E
Desig
n
ed
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
attr
ac
te
d
in
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
with
th
eir
e
d
u
c
ato
r
s
,
it
is
m
o
m
en
to
u
s
to
r
em
em
b
er
t
h
e
p
r
em
is
e
an
d
p
r
esen
t
p
ed
ag
o
g
ic
p
o
s
itio
n
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
with
m
ed
ia.
Alo
n
g
with
B
ly
th
[
1
1
]
,
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
s
p
ec
ial
ca
teg
o
r
ies to
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
a
n
aly
s
es
[
1
2
]
.
a.
T
ec
h
n
ical:
T
ec
h
n
ical
s
u
p
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
th
o
s
e
th
at
ex
p
licates
as
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
s
tag
e,
co
v
er
i
n
g
o
f
e
x
p
lo
r
ativ
e
an
d
e
x
p
r
ess
iv
e
r
esear
c
h
es.
R
esear
ch
es
aim
at
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
th
e
in
d
iv
id
u
al
to
o
ls
,
atten
d
in
g
to
th
e
m
ea
n
s
th
ese
i
n
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
m
ay
ch
an
g
e
th
e
p
e
r
ce
p
tio
n
o
f
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
lear
n
in
g
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
Ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
to
B
ly
th
’
s
claim
s
,
s
tu
d
ies
in
th
is
p
ar
t
ar
e
s
u
ita
b
le
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
tr
ac
k
in
g
to
u
s
e
a
s
p
ec
ial
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t a
n
d
ill
u
s
tr
ate
f
u
r
th
er
r
esear
ch
in
t
h
e
ar
ea
o
f
s
o
cial
s
y
s
tem
.
b.
Ps
y
ch
o
lin
g
u
is
tics
:
Ps
y
ch
o
lin
g
u
is
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
la
n
g
u
a
g
e
ac
h
iev
em
e
n
t
aim
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
ce
o
f
s
o
cial
co
n
tacts
an
d
d
etain
in
g
.
A
co
lle
ctio
n
o
f
r
ec
en
t
s
u
r
v
ey
s
[
1
3
,
1
4
]
h
av
e
p
o
i
n
ted
to
th
at
I
n
ter
ac
ti
o
n
Hy
p
o
t
h
esis
in
lan
g
u
ag
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
is
r
ea
li
ze
d
b
y
p
er
s
o
n
-
to
-
p
e
r
s
o
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
lin
g
u
is
tic
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
th
at
o
cc
u
r
.
I
n
r
ea
lity
,
p
r
o
m
in
e
n
t
ap
p
r
aisal
in
C
AL
L
h
as
l
o
n
g
s
u
g
g
ested
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
is
s
u
es
with
in
a
co
n
s
is
ten
t,
p
s
y
ch
o
lin
g
u
is
tic
ag
en
d
a
[
1
5
,
1
6
]
.
c.
So
cio
cu
ltu
r
al:
L
a
n
g
u
a
g
e
a
n
d
s
o
cial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
en
g
ag
e
in
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
o
f
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
i
n
h
u
m
an
g
r
o
wth
,
an
d
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
as
cu
ltu
r
al
co
n
ce
r
n
s
th
at
m
ay
lead
t
o
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
m
em
b
er
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
ciety
[
1
7
]
.
Allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
i
s
m
o
d
e
th
is
m
ig
h
t
s
u
p
p
ly
s
o
c
ial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
,
o
n
lin
e
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
with
o
t
h
er
lear
n
er
s
an
d
ex
p
e
r
ts
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
ld
ca
n
b
eliev
a
b
ly
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
r
ic
h
s
ite
f
o
r
s
o
cio
-
c
u
ltu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
m
an
ag
em
en
t
[
1
8
,
1
9
]
.
T
h
ese
en
tire
th
r
ee
h
y
p
o
t
h
eses
to
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
ar
e
co
n
f
ir
m
ed
to
r
e
q
u
est
th
e
m
eth
o
d
th
e
m
ed
ia
m
atch
es to
th
e
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
.
3.
B
E
L
I
E
F
B
A
SI
S
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ju
s
tific
atio
n
b
eh
i
n
d
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
Self
-
Dete
r
m
in
atio
n
T
h
e
o
r
y
(
SDT)
.
I
t
is
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
a
g
en
er
al
th
eo
r
y
o
f
h
u
m
an
m
o
t
iv
atio
n
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
ality
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atin
g
o
n
th
e
d
ialec
tical
ass
o
ciatio
n
s
b
etwe
en
g
r
o
wth
-
o
r
ien
ted
h
u
m
a
n
b
ein
g
s
an
d
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
ass
is
tin
g
o
r
o
b
s
tr
u
ctin
g
p
eo
p
le’
s
s
tim
u
latio
n
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
eir
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tio
n
[
2
0
-
23]
.
I
n
th
ei
r
1
9
9
4
s
u
r
v
e
y
,
De
ci
&
R
y
an
an
d
Kr
ash
en
[
2
4
]
s
et
d
o
wn
th
r
ee
f
ac
to
r
s
au
g
m
en
tin
g
s
elf
-
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
Au
to
n
o
m
y
ca
n
b
e
d
escr
ib
e
d
as
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
r
in
cip
als
th
at
ac
ad
em
ics
h
av
e
w
h
en
t
h
ey
c
o
m
p
lete
ac
ad
em
ic
task
s
a
n
d
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
o
p
tio
n
th
ey
h
av
e
c
o
n
ce
r
n
in
g
wh
e
n
an
d
h
o
w
to
ex
ec
u
te
th
em
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
is
also
o
cc
u
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
th
ey
ca
n
m
a
k
e
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
[
2
6
]
;
th
ese
s
elec
tio
n
s
ass
is
t
th
em
b
ec
o
m
e
m
o
r
e
s
elf
-
s
u
f
f
icien
t
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
in
m
ak
in
g
d
ec
is
io
n
s
ab
o
u
t th
eir
lea
r
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
Sk
y
p
e
s
ce
n
er
y
,
wh
ich
is
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
tim
e
a
n
d
r
eg
io
n
lim
itatio
n
s
an
d
m
a
k
es
ac
ce
s
s
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
eo
p
le
an
d
r
eser
v
es
,
h
elp
s
ac
ad
em
ics
s
o
lv
e
th
ei
r
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
th
eir
o
wn
tim
e,
to
lear
n
v
ia
a
n
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
p
r
esen
tin
g
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
an
d
t
o
lear
n
s
ep
a
r
ately
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
an
ticip
ated
th
at
a
ca
d
em
ics
lear
n
in
g
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
n
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
al
Ap
p
s
s
en
s
e
m
o
r
e
s
elf
-
s
u
f
f
ic
ien
t
th
an
r
est
in
a
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
co
llectio
n
.
Ho
n
esty
r
ef
er
s
to
em
er
g
in
g
a
n
d
ac
tiv
ati
n
g
s
k
ills
f
o
r
th
e
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
SDT
d
ef
in
es
h
o
n
esty
as
th
e
n
e
ed
to
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
s
with
th
e
s
o
cial
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
wh
ile
p
r
ac
ticin
g
ev
er
y
m
o
m
en
t
to
af
f
ir
m
an
d
em
p
lo
y
o
n
es
ca
p
ac
ities
an
d
ab
ilit
ies
[
2
3
]
.
Aca
d
em
ic’
f
ee
lin
g
s
o
f
h
o
n
esty
in
cr
ea
s
e
wh
en
t
h
ey
a
r
e
ce
r
ta
in
th
at
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
ac
tiv
iti
es
an
d
task
s
ad
ju
s
t
th
ei
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
s
k
ills
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
a
ctiv
ities
ac
ad
em
ics
ar
e
an
ticip
ated
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
o
th
in
ter
esti
n
g
an
d
s
tim
u
latin
g
in
o
r
d
er
to
d
ev
o
ted
ly
r
aise
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
'
m
o
tiv
atio
n
.
T
ask
s
s
h
o
u
ld
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
r
esp
o
n
d
an
d
to
b
eliev
e
im
m
e
d
iate
co
m
m
en
t
[
2
6
,
7
]
.
L
astl
y
,
tr
u
s
t
r
ef
er
s
to
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
b
elo
n
g
in
g
to
o
r
tr
u
s
tin
g
o
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
.
C
lass
r
o
o
m
s
co
n
v
en
e
th
is
s
tan
d
ar
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
o
f
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
an
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
ac
ad
e
m
ics.
R
ea
ctio
n
is
in
f
ac
t,
o
n
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
to
th
e
n
ee
d
o
f
co
n
f
i
d
en
ce
in
p
ar
t
icip
an
ts
an
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
20
:
1
4
0
–
150
142
m
ak
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
f
o
r
th
em
t
o
co
m
p
lain
ato
p
ic
an
d
t
o
h
elp
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
ely
ap
p
r
aise
ea
ch
o
th
er
,
th
er
eb
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
eir
s
elf
-
r
esp
ec
t
[
2
8
]
.
I
t
is
o
b
v
i
o
u
s
th
at
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
o
s
itio
n
s
o
f
o
n
lin
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
is
s
y
s
tem
atiz
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
an
d
s
o
cial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
[
2
9
]
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
th
ese
n
e
two
r
k
s
,
o
th
er
th
an
b
ein
g
f
r
ee
f
r
o
m
tim
e
an
d
s
p
ac
e
lim
itatio
n
s
,
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
wi
th
d
iv
er
s
e
ty
p
es
o
f
f
o
r
m
s
s
u
ch
as
au
d
io
,
v
is
u
al,
wr
itten
,
an
d
s
h
o
r
t
m
ess
ag
es
th
at
ar
e
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
o
n
e
m
ay
ex
p
ec
t
th
at
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
n
et
wo
r
k
s
will
en
h
a
n
ce
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
ce
in
th
e
s
ch
em
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
.
Aca
d
e
m
ics
lear
n
in
g
a
f
o
r
eig
n
lan
g
u
ag
e
o
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
Ap
p
s
f
ee
l m
o
r
e
d
ep
en
d
ed
o
n
o
th
er
ac
ad
em
ics th
an
d
o
teac
h
e
r
s
in
a
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
class
.
4.
CURR
E
NT
DI
DAC
T
I
C
CH
ANCES
O
F
SK
YP
E
Dis
s
em
in
atio
n
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
f
ir
s
tly
r
ea
lized
in
th
e
o
n
lin
e
s
itu
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
in
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
ap
p
l
y
th
e
cr
ea
tiv
e
d
id
ac
tic
s
u
b
jects
p
o
s
it
io
n
ed
in
th
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
s
ites
to
g
et
ed
u
ca
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
m
m
itted
to
lear
n
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
es
in
E
FL
a
n
d
E
SL
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
o
n
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
s
ites
.
T
h
ese
g
r
o
u
p
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
eir
m
em
b
er
s
with
r
eg
u
lar
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
g
r
a
m
m
ar
,
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
,
an
d
m
u
c
h
n
e
w
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
er
s
ca
n
also
en
tr
y
lin
k
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
o
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
p
ag
e
b
y
o
t
h
er
m
em
b
e
r
s
.
Sk
y
p
e
s
u
p
p
lies
d
iv
er
s
e
k
in
d
s
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
ch
an
ce
s
f
o
r
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
Aca
d
em
ics
ca
n
co
n
n
ec
t
with
o
t
h
er
ac
ad
em
ics,
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
eir
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
an
d
co
o
p
er
ate
with
co
l
leag
u
es.
T
h
ey
ca
n
em
p
lo
y
Sk
y
p
e
to
allo
ca
te
p
r
o
jects,
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
eir
lan
g
u
ag
e
s
k
ills
,
an
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
p
ap
er
ty
p
e
ab
o
u
t
p
ar
ticu
lar
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
with
o
th
er
ac
ad
em
ics
h
av
in
g
tr
ied
th
e
s
am
e
tex
tb
o
o
k
s
an
d
ar
ticles o
r
h
av
in
g
o
f
f
e
r
ed
th
eir
o
wn
p
lan
s
to
th
eir
g
r
o
u
p
.
Sk
y
p
e,
a
s
o
f
twar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
o
n
lin
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
in
class
es
at
v
ar
i
o
u
s
lev
els,
o
f
f
er
in
g
m
u
ch
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
te
ac
h
in
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
[
3
0
-
3
3
]
.
Sk
y
p
e
is
an
o
p
e
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
p
er
m
itti
n
g
u
s
er
s
to
m
ak
e
p
r
in
ted
,
a
u
d
io
an
d
v
id
e
o
o
v
er
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
p
o
wer
p
o
in
t,
wo
r
d
,
m
p
4
,
a
n
d
s
o
o
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
Sk
y
p
e
is
a
s
cien
tific
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
its
f
r
ee
v
er
s
io
n
is
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
ly
am
o
n
g
teac
h
er
s
an
d
s
ch
o
o
ls
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
p
eo
p
le
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
ch
em
es
[
3
4
,
9
]
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
Sk
y
p
e
is
b
ein
g
ap
p
lied
to
ass
is
t
s
ch
o
lar
ly
in
v
esti
g
ativ
e
th
o
u
g
h
ts
s
u
b
s
titu
tio
n
.
Aca
d
e
m
ics
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
t
h
e
wo
r
ld
ar
e
jo
in
e
d
,
ea
ch
is
a
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
er
o
f
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
with
ex
clu
s
iv
e
r
esea
r
ch
id
ea
s
th
at
th
e
o
th
er
wis
h
es
to
b
e
n
o
tifie
d
.
I
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
o
v
er
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
ch
an
n
el,
th
e
y
tak
e
tu
r
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
s
cien
tific
s
o
ciety
’
s
lan
g
u
ag
es
[
3
5
]
.
E
d
u
ca
to
r
s
also
s
u
p
p
ly
Sk
y
p
e
in
s
in
g
le
m
eth
o
d
s
to
m
ee
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
o
als.
T
h
e
v
id
eo
co
n
f
er
en
cin
g
d
iv
is
io
n
o
f
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
is
p
r
i
ce
less
in
th
at
it
s
u
p
p
lies
a
wa
y
to
jo
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
s
p
ea
k
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lan
g
u
ag
es,
m
ain
tain
v
ir
tu
al
f
ie
ld
tr
ip
s
,
an
d
ex
te
n
d
to
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
in
d
is
s
im
ilar
ar
ea
s
o
f
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
ese
p
r
ac
tices
allo
w
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
u
s
e
wh
at
th
ey
ar
e
lear
n
in
g
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
to
r
ea
l
-
life
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
attain
f
u
r
th
er
lea
r
n
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
[
3
6
]
.
Sk
y
p
e
in
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
is
a
n
ew
f
r
ee
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
m
ed
ia
th
at
h
as
s
et
u
p
o
n
its
web
s
ite.
I
t
p
r
o
v
id
es
teac
h
er
s
with
a
way
to
m
ak
e
th
eir
class
r
o
o
m
s
m
o
r
e
ex
p
an
s
iv
e
an
d
ap
p
ea
lin
g
.
Sk
y
p
e
in
t
h
e
class
r
o
o
m
is
an
ex
am
in
atio
n
t
h
at
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
u
p
f
o
r
th
at
will
p
er
m
i
t
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
m
ee
t
u
p
o
th
er
s
,
en
ter
tain
an
d
s
en
d
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
,
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
te
id
e
as.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ca
n
co
o
p
er
ate
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wo
r
l
d
an
d
p
la
n
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
n
ew
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
tr
ai
n
in
g
e
x
er
ci
s
es
f
o
r
th
eir
class
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
er
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
tr
ac
k
s
in
Sk
y
p
e,
in
wh
ich
L
2
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ca
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
te.
T
ea
ch
er
s
ca
n
a
p
p
ly
Sk
y
p
e'
s
s
ea
r
ch
to
o
l
to
r
ea
ch
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
eir
s
cien
tific
ar
ea
s
o
f
th
eir
r
eso
lu
t
io
n
s
[
3
7
]
.
5.
E
NG
L
I
SH
I
N
SCRI
P
T
I
O
N
T
h
e
Sk
ill
o
f
wr
itin
g
b
ein
g
s
h
o
wn
to
b
e
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
lex
lan
g
u
ag
e
ab
ilit
ies
lear
n
er
s
ar
e
b
eliev
ed
to
o
b
tain
[
2
7
]
.
I
n
s
p
ite
o
f
s
p
en
d
in
g
m
an
y
y
ea
r
s
r
aisi
n
g
th
eir
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
,
m
o
s
t
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
er
s
(
L
2
)
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
with
b
ar
r
ie
r
s
i
n
th
e
ir
attem
p
ts
.
T
h
ese
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
a
r
e
attr
ib
u
tab
le
to
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
o
f
th
e
wr
itin
g
s
k
ill
[
3
8
]
.
W
r
itin
g
,
as
a
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
ex
ten
d
e
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
is
f
u
r
th
er
f
in
is
h
ed
h
ar
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
L
2
lear
n
er
d
u
e
to
s
o
cio
lo
g
ical,
s
o
cio
c
u
ltu
r
al,
lin
g
u
is
tic,
an
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
[
3
9
]
.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
wr
itin
g
d
if
f
icu
ltie
s
tack
led
b
y
L
2
lear
n
e
r
s
,
s
o
m
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
p
u
r
s
u
e
[
4
0
]
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
a
b
len
d
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
an
d
o
n
lin
e)
class
ap
p
ly
in
g
Sk
y
p
e
to
d
is
co
v
e
r
if
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
wr
itin
g
ex
ec
u
tio
n
co
u
ld
b
e
s
tr
en
g
th
en
ed
.
T
em
p
o
r
a
r
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
a
p
er
s
o
n
t
o
m
a
k
e
a
h
o
m
ewo
r
k
th
at
is
u
n
f
am
iliar
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
t
h
an
h
is
/h
er
is
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
lear
n
e
r
s
ar
e
h
elp
ed
to
d
o
p
ar
ts
o
f
ex
er
c
is
es
with
in
th
eir
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
th
e
a
d
u
lt
s
ca
f
f
o
ld
s
th
e
r
est.
Ma
ch
ar
asch
wili
an
d
C
o
g
g
in
[
4
1
]
illu
s
tr
ated
th
e
im
p
lem
en
t
atio
n
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
in
a
b
le
n
d
ed
class
r
o
o
m
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
ey
ad
v
o
ca
ted
th
at
th
e
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
Sk
y
p
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
im
m
ed
iate
co
n
clu
s
io
n
th
at
wo
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
an
o
n
lin
e
g
ath
er
in
g
s
.
T
h
ey
in
d
icate
d
th
at
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
a
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
u
s
in
g
Sk
y
p
e
f
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
led
to
s
tu
d
en
t a
ch
ie
v
em
en
t
an
d
co
m
p
letio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
ca
d
emic
in
s
ig
h
t o
n
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
n
d
ch
a
llen
g
es o
f so
ftw
a
r
e
to
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
(
J
a
fa
r
A
s
g
a
r
i A
r
a
n
i
)
143
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
o
r
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
a
s
u
r
v
ey
to
d
is
co
v
er
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
f
o
r
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
in
T
an
d
em
[
4
2
]
.
E
lia
ex
p
a
n
d
ed
to
th
e
ar
g
u
m
en
t
t
h
at
Sk
y
p
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
lear
n
in
g
o
v
er
“
Mix
x
er
”
ca
n
b
e
a
n
in
f
lu
en
tial
ap
p
licatio
n
to
b
e
wid
ely
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
a
n
d
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ted
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
h
er
s
tu
d
y
,
Sk
y
p
e
m
ig
h
t
b
e
a
v
alu
ab
le
m
ea
n
an
d
a
tr
u
s
two
r
th
y
aid
to
E
FL
lear
n
er
s
wh
o
alwa
y
s
ch
allen
g
e
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
h
av
in
g
wr
itten
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
e
r
s
.
B
eltr
án
[
4
3
]
.
i
n
a
r
esear
ch
a
n
aly
s
es
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
ch
a
t
f
o
r
r
is
in
g
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
.
B
eltr
án
p
o
i
n
ted
o
u
t
th
at
it
elev
ated
s
tu
d
e
n
t
s
'
s
tim
u
latio
n
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
was
a
ch
an
ce
to
au
g
m
en
t
th
e
teac
h
er
'
s
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
An
o
th
er
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
em
p
h
asiz
ed
in
a
p
lan
o
n
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
lls
R
o
m
añ
a
C
o
r
r
ea
[
4
4
]
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
o
u
tco
m
es
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
Sk
y
p
e
m
ig
h
t
b
e
ass
er
ted
as
an
in
s
p
ir
in
g
co
m
p
u
ter
-
m
ed
iated
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ch
an
n
el
to
d
e
v
elo
p
E
FL
lear
n
er
s
'
wr
itin
g
ab
il
ity
.
6.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
AP
P
RAIS
AL
As
Gab
r
iel
[
4
5
]
m
ain
tain
ed
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
liter
ac
y
alo
n
e
is
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ate,
u
n
less
it
is
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
attain
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
to
co
n
v
er
s
e
with
a
wid
er
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
u
b
lis
h
an
d
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
m
ed
ia.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
t
h
is
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
was
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
awa
r
e
n
ess
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
ac
ad
em
ics
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
as
a
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
ev
ice
to
r
aise
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
f
o
r
lear
n
e
r
s
in
o
n
lin
e
r
em
ed
ial
E
n
g
lis
h
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
co
u
r
s
es t
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
m
u
n
icatin
g
with
t
h
eir
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
aim
was
to
f
in
d
o
u
t
if
Sk
y
p
e
co
u
l
d
b
e
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
tem
p
o
r
a
r
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
to
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
ac
a
d
em
ics
f
o
r
th
e
g
ain
in
g
o
f
E
n
g
lis
h
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
k
ills
.
Ho
wev
er
,
f
ew
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
e
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
f
teac
h
er
s
an
d
ac
ad
em
ics
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
an
d
s
im
ilar
m
u
tu
al
W
eb
2
.
0
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
ies
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
in
o
n
lin
e
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
As
Stra
n
g
[
4
6
]
ass
er
ted
in
a
s
tu
d
y
o
n
Sk
y
p
e
in
a
n
o
n
lin
e
m
ath
em
atics
c
o
u
r
s
e
ex
p
lo
r
ed
th
at
ac
ad
em
ics
wh
o
to
o
k
p
ar
t
in
Sk
y
p
e
-
led
b
ased
r
ec
eiv
ed
a
s
tatis
tically
h
ig
h
er
f
in
al
s
co
r
e
th
an
t
h
o
s
e
in
th
e
co
n
t
r
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
.
T
h
is
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
co
n
c
en
tr
ated
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
p
r
ep
ar
ed
ac
a
d
em
ics,
wh
o
d
u
e
to
th
eir
lev
el
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
u
r
s
e
h
ad
alr
ea
d
y
v
er
if
ied
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
s
h
o
ws
th
at
Stra
n
g
d
id
n
o
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
wh
et
h
er
Sk
y
p
e
co
u
ld
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
a
n
d
r
ec
o
v
er
th
e
lea
r
n
in
g
an
d
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
f
ir
s
t
y
ea
r
o
n
lin
e
co
lleg
e
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
s
.
I
n
a
co
lleg
e
co
u
r
s
e
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
al
o
n
g
with
o
th
er
W
eb
2
.
0
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
r
ec
en
t
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
b
y
C
h
o
u
[
4
7
]
c
o
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
is
m
e
d
ia
co
u
l
d
b
e
u
s
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
n
lin
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
.
C
h
o
u
f
o
u
n
d
o
u
t th
at
Sk
y
p
e,
Po
d
ca
s
tin
g
,
Sk
y
p
e,
B
lo
g
g
i
n
g
,
an
d
W
ik
is
en
h
an
ce
d
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
in
o
n
lin
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
He
im
p
lied
th
at
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
to
p
er
tai
n
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
in
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
Par
k
er
,
B
o
ase
-
J
elin
ek
,
an
d
Her
r
in
g
t
o
n
[
4
8
]
m
an
a
g
ed
a
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
to
s
cr
u
tin
ize
h
o
w
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
g
r
o
u
p
co
m
m
u
n
icate
with
in
Sk
y
p
e
was
u
s
ed
in
ar
r
an
g
e
lev
el
co
u
r
s
e
f
o
r
p
er
s
ev
er
e
teac
h
er
s
;
h
o
w
ac
ad
e
m
ics an
s
wer
ed
to
it,
an
d
to
wh
at
e
x
ten
t it
r
esu
lted
in
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
o
u
p
s
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
id
n
o
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
-
s
tu
d
en
t
in
t
er
ac
tio
n
s
,
n
o
r
d
o
es
it
ad
jo
in
to
th
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
wh
eth
er
o
r
n
o
t
Sk
y
p
e
is
ad
e
q
u
ate
b
y
l
o
w
-
lear
n
in
g
ac
ad
e
m
ics
to
h
el
p
r
ec
o
v
er
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
.
Ma
ch
a
r
asch
wili
an
d
C
o
g
g
in
[
4
1
]
u
tili
ze
d
Sk
y
p
e
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
d
o
cto
r
al
ac
a
d
em
ic
s
wh
o
m
et
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
in
a
class
r
o
o
m
.
Sk
y
p
e
w
as
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
to
co
n
n
ec
t
ac
ad
em
ics
th
at
wer
e
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
in
v
esti
g
ated
th
at
Sk
y
p
e
c
o
u
ld
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t
d
is
tan
t le
ar
n
er
s
to
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
C
o
h
en
an
d
B
u
r
k
h
ar
d
t
[
4
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
n
d
a
p
p
lie
d
a
s
y
n
c
h
r
o
n
o
u
s
lib
r
ar
ian
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
s
er
v
ice
v
ia
Sk
y
p
e
to
teac
h
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
to
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
ac
ad
em
ics.
T
h
ey
s
u
p
er
v
is
ed
g
r
o
u
p
as
s
em
b
lies
an
d
a
o
n
e
one
-
on
-
o
n
e
s
ess
io
n
with
a
s
tu
d
en
t
wh
o
n
ee
d
e
d
s
u
p
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
g
u
id
an
ce
.
T
h
ey
r
ep
o
r
ted
t
h
at
Sk
y
p
e
to
b
e
well
s
itu
ated
f
o
r
co
n
v
ey
in
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
liter
ac
y
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
to
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
d
is
tan
t
ac
ad
em
ics.
T
h
ey
d
id
n
o
t
s
cr
u
tin
ize
wh
eth
er
ac
ad
em
ics o
b
s
er
v
ed
a
n
y
g
r
o
wth
as a
n
ef
f
ec
t o
f
Sk
y
p
e
m
ee
tin
g
s
.
T
h
er
e
is
a
wid
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
Ma
la
y
s
ian
teen
ag
er
s
s
p
en
d
a
lo
t
o
f
tim
e
o
u
ts
id
e
o
f
class
u
s
i
n
g
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
lik
e
Sk
y
p
e,
av
ailab
l
e
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
Ab
Ma
n
a
n
et
al
[
5
0
]
.
I
t
was
b
ec
au
s
e
E
n
g
lis
h
is
th
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
n
o
r
m
ally
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
in
th
ese
Me
d
ia.
E
x
am
in
e
r
s
ex
p
lain
e
d
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
p
o
te
n
tial
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
wh
en
u
s
in
g
a
Sk
y
p
e
co
llectio
n
in
teac
h
in
g
E
SL
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
r
atio
n
alize
s
th
is
s
itu
atio
n
is
th
at
“e
x
am
in
er
s
s
u
p
p
o
s
e
th
at
th
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
e
d
b
y
Sk
y
p
e,
with
c
ar
ef
u
l
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
p
ed
ag
o
g
ical
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t”
(
ib
id
,
p
.
1
)
.
T
h
e
wr
iter
s
m
ain
tain
ed
th
at
“b
len
d
in
g
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
f
a
ce
-
to
-
f
ac
e
teac
h
i
n
g
with
o
n
lin
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
v
em
e
n
ts
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
n
ly
r
eso
lv
e
teac
h
er
s
’
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
in
s
u
f
f
icien
t
class
tim
e
b
u
t
will
m
ak
e
lear
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
attr
ac
tiv
e
to
th
e
tech
n
o
s
av
v
y
y
o
u
n
g
er
lear
n
er
s
”
(
ib
id
,
p
.
1
)
.
As
well,
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
s
lik
e
C
h
en
zi
et
al
[
5
1
]
h
av
e
n
o
t
tr
ea
ted
Sk
y
p
e
an
d
o
t
h
er
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
to
an
E
SL
wr
itin
g
less
o
n
s
in
m
u
ch
d
etail.
T
h
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
litt
le
q
u
an
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
em
to
f
in
d
th
e
d
if
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ad
v
an
tag
es
wh
e
n
Sk
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d
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etwo
r
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u
s
ed
in
th
e
E
S
L
less
o
n
s
.
Sm
eth
u
r
s
t,
[
5
2
]
r
e
f
er
r
ed
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
an
Au
s
tr
alian
ed
u
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to
r
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ap
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Sk
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ter
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ch
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e
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to
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elatio
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.
S
k
y
p
e
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p
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an
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r
ee
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er
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ices,
to
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with
v
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d
v
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am
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p
er
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if
f
e
r
en
t
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ical
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
Dav
is
[
5
3
]
h
y
p
o
th
esized
th
at
l
ea
r
n
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
u
tili
zin
g
Sk
y
p
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in
t
h
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class
r
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m
f
o
r
s
ev
e
r
al
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ea
r
s
with
a
h
i
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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8
7
7
6
I
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&
C
o
m
m
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n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
20
:
1
4
0
–
150
144
lev
el
o
f
ac
h
iev
e
m
en
t
a
n
d
h
an
d
in
ess
.
Mo
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
E
n
g
lis
h
lan
g
u
ag
e
tea
ch
er
s
h
av
e
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
in
te
g
r
atin
g
s
u
ch
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
tech
n
o
l
o
g
ies
in
to
th
eir
ev
e
r
y
d
a
y
teac
h
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
as
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
ca
n
allo
w
th
em
as
teac
h
er
s
an
d
g
r
o
w
th
eir
teac
h
in
g
as we
ll.
Sk
y
p
e
was
ch
o
s
en
f
o
r
an
in
v
es
tig
atio
n
s
in
ce
as
Mo
n
g
illo
an
d
W
ild
er
[
5
4
]
af
f
ir
m
e
d
;
wr
itin
g
is
a
s
o
cial
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
th
at
n
ec
ess
itates
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
s
p
ec
tiv
e
in
f
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
is
r
esear
ch
ar
e
th
at
o
n
lin
e
lectu
r
er
s
m
ay
ass
is
t
to
au
g
m
e
n
t
th
e
wr
itin
g
o
f
o
n
lin
e,
u
n
d
e
r
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
ac
ad
em
ics
with
p
o
o
r
wr
itin
g
ab
ilit
ies
b
y
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
v
ia
Sk
y
p
e
to
g
en
er
ate
in
f
o
r
m
al
m
o
m
en
t
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
th
at
will
p
er
m
it a
ca
d
em
ics to
b
ec
o
m
e
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
an
d
s
elf
-
ass
u
r
ed
.
Ma
ch
ar
asch
wili
an
d
C
o
g
g
in
[
4
1
]
a
p
p
lied
Sk
y
p
e
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
d
o
cto
r
al
ac
ad
em
ics
co
n
v
en
i
n
g
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
in
a
class
r
o
o
m
.
Sk
y
p
e
w
as
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
t
o
co
n
n
ec
t
ac
ad
em
ics
n
o
t
p
r
esen
t
to
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
ar
g
u
m
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
d
is
co
v
e
r
ed
th
at
Sk
y
p
e
c
o
u
ld
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
u
s
ed
to
c
o
n
n
ec
t r
em
o
te
lear
n
e
r
s
to
f
ac
e
-
to
-
f
ac
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
.
An
aly
zin
g
lectu
r
er
an
d
s
tu
d
en
t
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
to
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
p
latf
o
r
m
wr
itin
g
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
ex
ten
d
e
d
th
r
ee
s
t
u
d
ies
[
5
5
-
57]
,
wh
ic
h
estab
lis
h
ed
th
at
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
to
o
ls
d
ev
e
lo
p
s
k
ill
s
tag
es
an
d
th
at
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ics f
in
d
v
alu
e
a
n
d
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
in
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
C
iek
an
s
k
i
an
d
C
h
an
ier
’
s
[
5
8
]
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
was
o
n
e
o
f
a
f
ew
th
at
m
o
s
tly
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
te
ac
h
in
g
th
e
wr
itin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
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r
e
i
n
an
o
n
lin
e
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
ettin
g
,
in
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elatin
g
to
th
r
ee
o
th
e
r
ele
m
en
ts
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
r
o
ject:
Sk
y
p
e,
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
d
co
r
r
ec
tiv
e
f
r
esh
m
en
wr
itin
g
.
T
u
to
r
s
an
d
ac
ad
e
m
ics
g
ath
er
ed
o
v
er
a
10
-
wee
k
p
er
io
d
f
o
r
eig
h
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m
e
etin
g
s
th
at
last
ed
ab
o
u
t
an
h
o
u
r
an
d
a
h
alf
ea
c
h
.
T
h
e
aim
o
f
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
was
to
ex
p
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
E
n
g
lis
h
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
in
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics
wh
o
wer
e
less
s
k
illfu
l
in
wr
itin
g
a
n
d
s
p
ea
k
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
(
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
f
alse
lear
n
er
s
b
y
C
iek
an
s
k
i
an
d
C
h
an
ier
an
d
h
ad
n
o
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
E
n
g
lis
h
b
etwe
en
1
5
to
3
0
y
ea
r
s
in
a
m
u
ltimo
d
al
s
itu
atio
n
.
T
h
is
g
r
o
u
p
was
ar
ch
ety
p
al
o
f
th
e
n
o
n
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
ac
ad
em
ics
r
eg
is
ter
in
g
in
o
n
lin
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
iti
es.
T
h
e
p
o
d
iu
m
u
s
ed
in
th
is
r
es
ea
r
ch
was
L
y
ce
u
m
,
allo
win
g
l
ea
r
n
er
s
to
“li
n
k
a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
icate
v
er
b
ally
i
n
r
ea
l
tim
e,
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
i
n
tex
t/ch
at,
a
n
d
s
tu
d
y
/ad
j
u
s
t
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
tex
tu
al
o
r
g
r
a
p
h
ic
ass
em
b
led
wo
r
k
”.
C
iek
an
s
k
i
an
d
C
h
an
ier
[
5
8
]
ca
m
e
u
p
with
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
ev
en
wh
en
ac
ad
em
ics
ar
e
en
g
ag
e
d
in
th
e
wr
itin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
th
ey
d
o
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tep
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
Sk
y
p
e,
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
wh
at
an
d
h
o
w
to
lear
n
,
r
ath
er
th
an
u
s
in
g
th
e
o
th
er
s
ty
les
f
o
r
in
ter
f
ac
in
g
.
T
h
ey
also
p
e
r
ce
iv
ed
th
at
le
ar
n
er
s
co
u
n
te
d
o
n
t
h
e
d
ev
ices
o
f
M
icr
o
s
o
f
t
W
o
r
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
s
o
f
twar
e
alo
n
g
wit
h
o
th
er
s
o
f
twar
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
y
m
ad
e
ch
an
g
es
to
th
eir
wr
itin
g
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
o
th
er
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
L
ea
r
n
er
s
d
ec
id
ed
to
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
in
m
u
ltimo
d
al
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
u
s
in
g
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ea
n
s
.
Aca
d
em
ics
u
s
ed
m
u
ltimo
d
a
l
p
o
licies
(
i.e
.
,
v
er
b
al
an
d
n
o
n
v
er
b
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
)
m
o
r
e
th
an
m
o
n
o
m
ials
p
o
licies.
A
m
u
ltimo
d
al
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
s
itu
atio
n
ass
is
ted
ac
ad
em
ics
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
o
n
th
e
wr
itin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
m
o
r
e
th
an
th
e
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
d
u
e
to
its
p
r
o
ce
s
s
-
o
r
ien
ted
n
atu
r
e.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
in
er
s
id
en
tif
ied
th
at
u
s
in
g
v
i
d
eo
wo
u
ld
h
av
e
b
ee
n
an
in
ter
r
u
p
tio
n
i
n
th
is
m
eticu
lo
u
s
r
ev
is
io
n
b
ec
au
s
e
s
p
ee
ch
is
r
elate
d
to
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ty
p
es
o
f
wr
itin
g
.
T
h
ey
also
r
eq
u
ir
ed
m
o
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
to
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
wr
itin
g
in
an
o
n
lin
e
m
u
ltimo
d
al
s
ettin
g
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
o
n
Sk
y
p
e
ass
is
t
s
to
f
ill
th
e
g
ap
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
its
m
u
lti
ty
p
es
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
v
id
eo
,
au
d
io
,
tex
t/ch
at,
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
ar
in
g
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Mo
n
g
illo
a
n
d
W
ild
er
[
5
4
]
,
u
s
in
g
o
n
lin
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies in
ten
s
if
ied
th
e
n
ee
d
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
an
d
wr
ite
e
x
p
o
s
it
o
r
y
an
d
e
x
p
l
an
ato
r
y
wr
itin
g
,
wh
ich
wer
e
r
ec
o
g
n
ized
as
ess
en
tial
s
k
ills
.
I
t
was
h
elp
f
u
l
to
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
e
d
Sk
y
p
e
as
a
m
ed
iu
m
,
alo
n
g
with
o
th
e
r
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
to
h
elp
ac
ad
em
ics
im
p
r
o
v
e
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
.
C
o
h
en
an
d
B
u
r
k
h
ar
d
t
[
4
9
]
r
esea
r
c
h
w
as p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
f
o
r
lib
r
a
r
ian
s
to
h
elp
ac
ad
em
ics g
ai
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
in
all
f
o
u
r
s
k
ills
.
C
u
r
r
icu
lu
m
p
la
n
er
s
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
an
d
atten
d
to
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
tio
n
an
d
wr
itin
g
s
h
o
r
tag
es
o
f
n
o
n
n
ativ
e
-
E
n
g
li
s
h
-
s
p
ea
k
er
ac
a
d
em
ics
[
5
9
]
b
ec
au
s
e
Am
er
ican
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ities
ar
e
co
m
p
r
is
ed
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
c
o
u
n
tr
ies.
C
h
en
g
[
5
9
]
o
b
s
er
v
ed
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
m
ed
iat
ed
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
C
MC)
an
d
Vy
g
o
ts
k
y
’
s
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
eo
r
y
o
n
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
g
r
ad
u
ate
ac
ad
em
ics
ta
lk
in
g
E
n
g
lis
h
as
a
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
a
lin
g
u
is
tic
class
.
C
h
en
g
ex
p
l
icitly
ex
p
l
ain
ed
tem
p
o
r
ar
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
f
o
r
h
is
s
tu
d
y
to
d
en
o
te
th
e
“su
p
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
lear
n
in
g
an
d
d
ilem
m
a
s
o
lv
in
g
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
u
s
in
g
C
MC.”
B
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
an
ce
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ics
to
r
eq
u
e
s
t
an
d
p
r
esen
t
ex
p
lan
atio
n
s
,
th
e
ev
id
en
ce
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
C
h
en
g
ass
u
m
ed
o
n
lin
e
a
r
g
u
m
en
tatio
n
f
o
r
u
m
s
in
Sk
y
p
e
g
ib
b
eted
ac
ad
em
ics’
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
.
He
d
ec
lar
e
d
th
at
an
asy
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
s
ettin
g
is
m
o
r
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
ass
is
tin
g
n
o
n
-
n
ativ
e
s
p
ea
k
er
s
ex
p
a
n
d
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
s
k
ills
b
ec
au
s
e
it
h
as
waited
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
ad
em
ics
tim
e
to
in
ter
n
alize
an
d
m
an
ag
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
Mo
n
g
illo
an
d
W
ild
er
[
5
4
]
h
y
p
o
th
esized
th
at
th
e
o
n
lin
e
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
m
ed
ia,
lik
e
Sk
y
p
e,
p
r
esen
t
d
is
en
f
r
an
ch
is
ed
an
d
d
i
s
co
n
n
ec
ted
ac
a
d
em
ics
with
t
h
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
a
n
d
s
tim
u
latio
n
th
at
th
ey
r
e
q
u
ir
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ese
ac
ad
em
ics
ar
e
alr
ea
d
y
s
k
illfu
l
u
s
er
s
o
f
m
u
ltip
le
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies.
Similar
ly
,
Mu
r
p
h
y
h
as
a
p
p
r
o
v
ed
a
wid
e
r
v
iewp
o
i
n
t
an
d
R
o
d
r
ig
u
ez
-
Ma
n
za
n
ar
es
[
6
0
]
wh
o
claim
s
th
at
p
r
o
m
o
ted
th
e
n
ec
ess
ity
f
o
r
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
m
ed
iu
m
s
in
d
is
tan
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
class
e
s
.
B
ased
o
n
th
eir
s
u
r
v
ey
,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
was
ex
h
ib
ited
as
o
n
lin
e
teac
h
er
s
s
u
p
p
lied
im
m
ed
iate,
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
to
ac
a
d
em
ics,
illu
s
tr
ated
d
is
tr
ess
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics’
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t,
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
le
ar
n
in
g
,
a
n
d
was a
v
ailab
le
f
o
r
i
n
s
tan
t r
ec
ep
tiv
en
ess
to
ac
ad
e
m
ics’
n
ec
ess
ities
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
ca
d
emic
in
s
ig
h
t o
n
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
n
d
ch
a
llen
g
es o
f so
ftw
a
r
e
to
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
(
J
a
fa
r
A
s
g
a
r
i A
r
a
n
i
)
145
7.
SURVE
Y
I
M
P
L
I
CAT
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
s
er
v
ativ
e
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
o
f
teac
h
i
n
g
is
n
o
t
ad
eq
u
ate
in
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics’
s
cien
tific
wr
itin
g
ab
ilit
y
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
if
ed
u
ca
tin
g
th
e
a
ca
d
em
ics
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
cir
cu
ito
u
s
L
L
S
b
y
Sk
y
p
e
h
as
an
y
co
n
s
eq
u
e
n
ce
s
o
n
th
e
lear
n
er
s
’
L
L
S
u
s
e
an
d
th
eir
ac
ad
em
ic
wr
itin
g
p
r
esen
tatio
n
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
estab
lis
h
in
g
b
l
en
d
ed
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
o
th
e
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
was
co
m
m
en
ce
d
wh
en
th
e
co
lleg
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
s
e
n
co
u
n
ter
ed
t
h
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
class
r
o
o
m
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
ac
ad
em
ics o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
p
h
ases
h
ad
m
o
tiv
ated
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
to
ass
u
m
e
th
is
p
r
o
ject:
−
R
ec
o
m
m
en
d
in
g
t
h
e
id
ea
o
n
a
p
p
ly
in
g
t
h
e
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
lo
ca
tio
n
,
Sk
y
p
e
f
o
r
ac
a
d
em
ics
as
a
m
eth
o
d
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
m
ally
an
d
in
f
o
r
m
ally
−
Dem
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
u
n
lik
e
lev
e
ls
o
f
co
u
r
s
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
at
a
n
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
d
is
ca
r
d
in
g
.
−
Su
p
p
ly
in
g
an
o
p
tio
n
to
th
e
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
lectu
r
e
p
lan
,
f
o
r
m
in
g
an
o
n
lin
e
class
r
o
o
m
civ
ilizatio
n
,
an
d
am
p
lify
in
g
teac
h
er
-
c
o
n
ten
t,
te
ac
h
er
-
lear
n
e
r
an
d
lear
n
er
–
lear
n
er
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
−
Dev
elo
p
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
ass
o
r
t
m
en
t,
s
u
p
p
o
r
t d
y
n
am
ic
lear
n
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
lear
n
in
g
s
o
ciety
−
E
x
a
m
in
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
o
n
-
l
in
e
s
tu
d
y
in
g
s
o
cieties th
r
o
u
g
h
Sk
y
p
e
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
−
Dec
id
in
g
a
c
h
o
ice
teac
h
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
Sk
y
p
e
teac
h
i
n
g
s
o
cieties
to
s
tab
le
th
e
co
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
class
r
o
o
m
k
n
o
wled
g
e
is
wo
r
t
h
th
e
co
s
t o
f
r
eto
o
lin
g
an
d
r
ef
o
r
m
in
g
−
E
m
p
lo
y
in
g
Sk
y
p
e,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
ar
e
ca
p
ab
le
to
ar
r
iv
e
at
ac
ad
e
m
ics
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
ew
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
m
ed
ia
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
ac
ad
em
ics with
ex
p
er
i
en
ce
an
d
f
am
iliar
ity
to
p
r
ec
io
u
s
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
.
8.
I
NVE
ST
I
G
AT
I
O
N
Q
UE
R
I
E
S AN
D
O
B
J
E
C
T
I
V
E
S
8
.
1
.
S
t
ud
y
inq
uiry
1.
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
m
em
b
e
r
s
'
s
tag
e
E
n
g
lis
h
in
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
class
ac
ad
em
ics'
‟
f
ee
lin
g
s
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
"Sk
y
p
e
i
n
wr
itin
g
class
es?
2.
I
s
Sk
y
p
e
h
elp
f
u
l
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
es
s
in
g
ac
ad
em
ics'
s
tag
e
in
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
class
ac
ad
em
ics‟
lan
g
u
ag
e
wr
itin
g
ab
ilit
ies
''
?
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
s
cr
u
tin
izes
u
s
in
g
Sk
y
p
e
as
a
n
a
d
d
itio
n
al
lea
r
n
in
g
m
ea
n
s
o
u
ts
id
e
class
r
o
o
m
.
T
h
r
ee
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
:
1.
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
'
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
war
d
Sk
y
p
e?
2.
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es to
war
d
lear
n
in
g
o
u
ts
id
e
class
r
o
o
m
?
3.
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
'
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
war
d
th
e
Sk
y
p
e
a
s
a
lan
g
u
ag
e
-
lear
n
in
g
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
in
B
asic
E
n
g
lis
h
class
es?
4.
C
an
Sk
y
p
e
ass
is
t d
ev
elo
p
ac
ad
em
ics'
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t in
E
n
g
lis
h
b
ase
class
r
o
o
m
?
T
h
e
ex
am
in
er
ass
u
m
es
th
at
Sk
y
p
e
will
b
en
ef
it
th
e
lear
n
er
s
in
th
e
in
s
p
ir
in
g
s
tag
e
o
f
th
e
wr
iti
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
m
o
s
t.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
ex
am
in
er
s
ar
e
also
o
p
en
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
h
o
w
Sk
y
p
e
m
ig
h
t
af
f
ec
t
o
th
e
r
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
wr
itin
g
an
d
s
tim
u
lu
s
as
a
wh
o
le.
T
o
ea
s
e
th
e
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
in
g
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
in
teac
h
in
g
an
d
r
ec
o
v
e
r
in
g
wr
itin
g
,
th
e
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
s
p
r
ep
ar
ed
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
1.
Ho
w
d
o
es Sk
y
p
e
ass
is
t a
ca
d
em
ics in
th
eir
wr
itin
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e?
2.
W
h
at
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
d
is
p
u
tes tea
ch
er
s
m
ig
h
t f
ac
e
i
n
ass
im
ilatin
g
Sk
y
p
e
i
n
to
th
e
teac
h
i
n
g
o
f
wr
itin
g
?
3.
Ho
w
d
o
es Sk
y
p
e
m
an
ip
u
late
t
h
e
em
o
tio
n
al
f
ield
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics in
wr
itin
g
s
k
ill?
8
.
2
.
J
us
t
if
ica
t
io
n o
f
a
na
l
y
s
is
T
h
e
r
atio
n
ale
o
f
th
is
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
y
was
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
o
p
i
n
io
n
s
o
f
m
em
b
er
s
a
b
o
u
t
t
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
Sk
y
p
e.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
ap
p
ly
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t
to
r
aise
ac
ad
em
ic
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
m
en
t
in
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
co
u
r
s
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
o
p
e
r
atio
n
with
th
eir
lectu
r
er
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
an
d
ac
ad
em
ics u
s
in
g
Sk
y
p
e
o
n
th
e
g
ain
in
g
o
f
w
r
itin
g
s
k
ills
o
f
u
n
d
er
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
ac
ad
e
m
ics ap
p
ea
r
s
as th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
in
ter
est.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
is
p
r
esu
m
ed
t
o
ad
jo
in
to
lin
g
u
is
tic
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ab
o
u
t
b
len
d
e
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
to
s
u
p
p
ly
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
esig
n
er
s
with
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
ac
ce
p
tan
ce
ab
o
u
t
wh
at
wo
r
k
s
an
d
wh
at
d
o
es
n
o
t
co
n
c
er
n
in
g
th
e
p
la
n
an
d
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
o
f
a
b
len
d
ed
class
es.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
to
o
will
b
e
h
elp
f
u
l
in
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
d
ec
i
s
io
n
m
a
k
er
s
estab
lis
h
th
e
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
an
d
ex
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
b
len
d
ed
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Hav
in
g
ex
p
e
r
im
en
t
ed
y
ea
r
s
o
f
teac
h
in
g
,
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
er
is
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
to
ar
r
an
g
e
s
o
m
e
d
esig
n
s
to
m
ee
t
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
a
ca
d
em
ics.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
20
:
1
4
0
–
150
146
8
.
3
.
C
o
ntr
ibu
t
er
s
a
nd
a
s
s
ess
m
en
t
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
p
ar
ticip
ated
wer
e
ac
ad
em
ics
o
f
Kash
an
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Me
d
ical
s
cien
ce
s
;
all
h
av
in
g
d
if
f
icu
lties
wr
itin
g
E
n
g
lis
h
we
ll u
s
in
g
s
elec
tiv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
.
T
h
is
h
as to
d
o
with
th
e
r
ea
lity
th
at
th
ey
ar
e
in
clin
e
d
to
b
e
aliv
e
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
in
t
h
eir
o
wn
lan
g
u
ag
e
civ
ilizatio
n
,
an
d
k
ee
p
o
n
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
Per
s
ian
lan
g
u
a
g
e.
9.
P
RO
CE
DUR
E
9
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h M
o
del
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
was a
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
q
u
alitativ
e
r
esear
ch
an
d
a
g
en
er
al
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
m
was a
p
p
lied
,
as th
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
r
esear
c
h
was
to
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
s
tan
ce
lev
els
o
f
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics
in
teg
r
ated
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
g
r
o
u
p
to
war
d
s
Sk
y
p
e
ap
p
licatio
n
,
a
W
eb
2
.
0
to
o
l,
alo
n
g
with
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
s
u
b
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
.
I
t c
o
m
p
r
is
ed
an
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
al
p
lan
an
d
th
e
r
esear
c
h
er
s
cr
u
tin
ized
th
e
ac
ad
em
ics
i
n
th
e
s
ettin
g
t
o
d
ete
r
m
in
e
t
h
eir
f
ee
lin
g
s
to
war
d
s
Sk
y
p
e
ap
p
licatio
n
.
9
.
2
.
P
ro
po
s
a
l
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
is
a
q
u
an
titativ
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
r
esear
ch
with
a
n
o
n
-
r
an
d
o
m
ized
co
n
tr
o
l
g
r
o
u
p
p
l
an
u
s
in
g
a
Sk
y
p
e
g
r
o
u
p
as
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
co
llectio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
a
n
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
elec
ted
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
wa
s
a
q
u
alitativ
e
f
ac
ts
an
aly
s
is
.
As
it
was
s
aid
b
y
Dey
[
6
1
]
,
“a
q
u
alitativ
e
f
a
cts
an
aly
s
is
en
g
ag
es
i
n
v
esti
g
a
tin
g
d
ata
in
its
b
its
,
an
d
th
e
n
‘
b
ea
tin
g
’
th
e
b
its
to
g
eth
er
.
I
t
is
a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
d
e
cid
in
g
d
ata
in
to
in
g
r
ed
ien
t
p
a
r
ts
to
ex
p
o
s
e
[
t
h
eir
]
f
ea
tu
r
es,
ele
m
en
ts
,
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e.
Similar
ly
,
C
o
r
b
in
an
d
Str
au
s
s
[
6
2
]
d
escr
ib
e
q
u
alitativ
e
d
ata
an
aly
s
is
as
“a
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
ex
p
lo
r
ato
r
y
a
n
d
in
f
er
r
in
g
d
ata
to
ex
tr
a
ct
m
ea
n
in
g
,
in
c
r
ea
s
e
r
ea
lizin
g
,
an
d
ex
p
a
n
d
p
r
ac
tical
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
”
9
.
3
.
Co
ntr
ibu
t
er
s
o
f
t
he
s
urv
ey
T
h
e
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
h
ap
p
en
ed
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
th
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
wh
ich
w
er
e
ac
cu
m
u
lated
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
air
e
p
lan
n
ed
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
ac
ad
em
ics'
o
p
in
io
n
s
to
war
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
s
ite,
as
a
p
u
b
lic
m
ed
ia,
to
m
ain
tain
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
T
h
e
i
n
v
es
tig
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es
c
o
n
tai
n
ed
3
4
item
s
,
d
ev
el
o
p
ed
b
y
th
e
ex
am
in
er
.
T
h
e
ac
ad
em
ics’
r
ea
ctio
n
s
wer
e
n
o
ticea
b
le
in
a
s
tr
aig
h
t
lin
e
o
n
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
item
s
wer
e
p
r
ep
ar
e
d
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
to
wh
ich
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t h
ad
to
a
n
s
wer
o
n
f
iv
e
-
p
o
i
n
t d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
is
d
eg
r
e
e
ex
ten
d
ed
b
etwe
en
"stro
n
g
ly
ag
r
ee
"
to
"stro
n
g
ly
d
is
ag
r
ee
.
"T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
wer
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
co
llect
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
ab
o
u
t
ac
ad
em
ics'
ag
r
ee
m
en
t w
ith
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Sk
y
p
e
as a
wr
itin
g
clas
s
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t.
I
t w
as d
eliv
er
ed
to
f
iv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
ac
ad
em
ics
f
o
r
ap
p
r
a
is
al
to
i
n
d
em
n
i
f
y
t
h
e
leg
ality
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
way
.
T
h
ese
m
em
b
er
s
wer
e
r
eq
u
ested
to
ca
lcu
late
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
s
u
g
g
est
an
y
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
ass
is
t
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
.
T
h
e
n
,
g
o
o
d
co
m
m
e
n
ts
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
an
d
s
o
m
e
ap
p
r
o
v
als
wer
e
m
ad
e
an
d
b
o
r
n
in
m
in
d
.
9
.
4
.
P
ro
ce
s
s
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
is
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
th
e
lectu
r
er
:
−
T
o
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
Sk
y
p
e
s
ite
s
ig
n
if
y
in
g
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
class
n
o
tes an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
−
T
o
d
is
co
n
n
ec
t t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
Sk
y
p
e
s
ite
f
r
o
m
h
is
p
er
s
o
n
al
p
ag
e
a
n
d
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ts
with
ac
ad
em
i
cs th
r
o
u
g
h
it
−
T
o
n
o
tify
th
e
lear
n
e
r
s
th
at
th
e
y
will
n
o
t
b
e
watc
h
in
g
th
eir
s
u
m
m
ar
y
s
ite,
an
d
r
e
g
u
latin
g
th
eir
s
ite
to
“lim
it”
ass
u
r
es th
at
th
ey
will n
o
t see
an
y
th
in
g
th
e
o
th
e
r
s
d
o
es n
o
t
d
e
s
ir
e
th
em
to
n
o
tice.
−
T
o
d
eliv
er
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
Sk
y
p
e
s
ite
th
e
tex
ts
,
v
id
eo
s
,
p
ictu
r
es,
an
d
p
o
s
ts
th
at
ar
e
p
er
tin
en
t
to
th
e
wr
itin
g
co
u
r
s
e
attem
p
t in
a
wee
k
ly
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
.
−
T
o
ass
em
b
le
a
“Sk
y
p
e
Of
f
ice
Ho
u
r
s
,
”
in
o
r
d
er
to
allo
ca
te
a
ca
d
em
ics
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
to
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
t
with
h
im
b
y
Sk
y
p
e
to
o
l.
T
h
is
will o
f
f
er
th
em
t
h
e
ch
an
ce
to
in
q
u
ir
e
wr
itin
g
in
q
u
i
r
ies o
r
o
b
tain
e
x
tr
a
cr
iticis
m
−
T
o
d
ec
lar
e
f
o
r
e
x
am
s
,
q
u
izze
s
,
d
u
ties
,
o
r
g
en
er
al
co
lleg
e
ev
e
n
ts
th
at
ac
ad
em
ics wo
u
ld
b
e
f
o
n
d
o
f
.
10.
DATA AN
D
DIS
CUSS
I
O
N
Alo
n
g
with
r
esear
ch
d
ata,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
ar
e
am
en
ab
le
to
u
tili
z
e
Sk
y
p
e
in
wr
itin
g
class
es,
an
d
th
ey
ar
e
o
f
th
e
th
o
u
g
h
t
th
at
s
u
ch
a
p
p
lic
atio
n
will
au
g
m
en
t
th
eir
p
r
ac
ti
ce
s
in
lear
n
i
n
g
wr
itin
g
,
r
atio
n
a
lly
an
d
ex
p
r
ess
iv
ely
.
T
h
e
ac
ad
em
ics
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
t
h
at
Sk
y
p
e
-
b
ased
s
ch
em
e
e
x
er
cise
was
m
ain
ly
h
o
p
ef
u
l
an
d
am
az
in
g
ly
h
o
p
ef
u
l.
I
n
co
m
p
an
y
with
th
e
i
n
ter
r
o
g
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
th
e
co
n
t
r
ib
u
to
r
s
m
ain
tain
ed
th
at
t
h
e
m
ed
ia
-
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
.
T
h
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
e
n
e
x
t e
x
am
in
atio
n
q
u
esti
o
n
“Wh
a
t a
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t a
n
d
least p
a
r
t o
f
th
e
Sk
y
p
e
b
ase
ch
ec
k
s
th
at
wer
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
ter
m
”
wer
e
s
h
o
wn
in
ch
ar
t1
.
I
t
d
is
clo
s
ed
,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
h
ig
h
est
m
ea
n
v
alu
e,
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
item
was
n
u
m
b
er
7
with
a
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
o
f
4
.
2
.
"I
u
tili
ze
d
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
A
ca
d
emic
in
s
ig
h
t o
n
a
p
p
lica
tio
n
a
n
d
ch
a
llen
g
es o
f so
ftw
a
r
e
to
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
(
J
a
fa
r
A
s
g
a
r
i A
r
a
n
i
)
147
Sk
y
p
e
b
ase
to
lo
ca
te
d
is
s
im
ilar
m
u
ltime
d
ia
th
at
ass
is
t
s
im
p
li
f
y
th
e
class
p
o
in
ts
“.
I
t
was
d
et
ec
ted
th
at
item
s
1
8
,
3
4
,
9
,
2
4
wer
e
v
e
r
y
s
ig
n
if
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ir
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e
a
n
d
T
witter
co
llectio
n
s
,
as
a
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
tech
n
i
q
u
e.
I
t c
a
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
im
p
licit
lear
n
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
s
.
Ad
v
an
ce
d
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
teac
h
in
g
as
th
e
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
p
r
ac
tices
is
leav
in
g
to
war
d
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
as
a
f
r
ac
tio
n
o
f
a
n
im
p
licit
p
r
o
c
ed
u
r
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
lear
n
er
s
a
n
d
ac
ad
em
ics,
an
d
b
etwe
en
ac
ad
e
m
ics
th
em
s
elv
e
s
as
in
f
o
r
m
al
lear
n
in
g
s
ce
n
er
y
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
h
as
th
r
o
wn
u
p
m
an
y
q
u
esti
o
n
s
in
n
ee
d
o
f
f
u
r
th
er
i
n
v
esti
g
atio
n
.
I
f
th
e
d
eb
ate
is
to
b
e
m
o
v
ed
f
o
r
war
d
,
a
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
s
ettin
g
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
.
11.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
NS
T
o
s
u
m
u
p
,
it
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
at
Sk
y
p
e
b
ase,
as
a
s
o
cial
m
e
d
ia
is
a
v
alu
ab
le
d
ev
ice
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
to
o
f
f
er
wr
itin
g
t
h
em
es
an
d
m
ain
t
ain
lear
n
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
al
th
e
o
r
etica
l
im
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
th
at
ac
ad
em
ics
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
ca
lm
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
th
e
Sk
y
p
e
b
ase.
Aca
d
em
ics r
e
co
r
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
d
esig
n
a
t
ed
th
eir
ag
r
ee
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
m
ed
ia
in
lear
n
in
g
ac
a
d
em
ic
wr
itin
g
.
T
h
e
d
ata
o
f
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
was
s
im
ilar
to
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
o
th
er
r
ep
o
r
t
co
m
p
lete
b
y
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
to
d
is
co
v
er
t
h
e
im
p
r
e
s
s
io
n
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
war
d
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
20
:
1
4
0
–
150
148
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
ig
n
if
y
th
at
m
em
b
er
’
s
ten
d
en
cy
in
u
s
in
g
Sk
y
p
e
b
ase,
as
s
o
cial
m
ed
ia,
en
co
u
r
ag
e
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
em
th
e
c
h
an
ce
to
u
s
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
a
h
elp
f
u
l
m
et
h
o
d
.
As
th
e
d
ata
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
,
th
e
m
ain
s
tr
ea
m
o
f
ac
ad
em
ics
am
e
n
d
ed
th
eir
ab
ilit
ies
r
ap
id
ly
to
em
p
lo
y
th
e
Sk
y
p
e
p
r
o
f
icien
tly
.
T
h
ey
s
en
s
e
th
at
t
h
ey
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
ia
th
is
m
ed
ia
i
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
a
n
d
th
ey
h
a
v
e
a
n
ef
f
icien
tly
lear
n
i
n
g
k
n
o
wled
g
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
I
t
m
ay
b
e
p
r
esu
m
ed
th
at
ex
p
e
r
t
is
e
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
as
d
ir
e
ctiv
e
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
v
o
ca
b
u
lar
y
ac
h
iev
em
en
t.
I
t
h
as
also
b
ee
n
p
r
esen
ted
th
at
t
h
is
k
in
d
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
is
f
av
o
r
a
b
le
f
o
r
d
is
tan
t
lan
g
u
ag
e
lea
r
n
er
s
,
as
it
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
co
n
s
tr
u
cts
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
an
d
am
p
li
f
ies
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
attr
ac
tio
n
in
th
e
s
u
b
ject.
T
h
e
m
o
tiv
es
co
u
ld
b
e
th
e
in
cid
en
ce
o
f
co
n
tacts b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
a
d
e
v
el
o
p
ed
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
r
v
ey
illu
s
tr
ated
th
at
ac
ad
em
ics p
r
o
g
r
ess
ed
in
wr
itin
g
s
k
ill
an
d
s
elf
-
co
n
f
id
e
n
ce
af
ter
b
ein
g
d
ep
icted
its
tech
n
iq
u
es
u
s
in
g
Sk
y
p
e.
T
h
e
le
ar
n
er
s
in
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
ea
lized
th
is
k
in
d
o
f
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
an
d
wer
e
ac
t
u
ally
en
co
u
r
ag
e
d
to
ch
allen
g
e
th
em
s
elv
es
to
d
ev
elo
p
th
eir
E
n
g
lis
h
wr
itin
g
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
,
t
h
e
co
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
s
tar
ted
r
em
ar
k
in
g
a
n
d
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
s
o
m
e
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
t
h
e
p
lan
s
u
b
ject
to
th
e
teac
h
e
r
an
d
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
o
n
Sk
y
p
e
.
T
h
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
v
ia
Sk
y
p
e
ap
p
ea
r
ed
m
o
r
e
attr
ac
tiv
e
t
o
ac
ad
em
ics.
Op
er
atin
g
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
an
d
m
an
a
g
in
g
ea
ch
o
th
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
Sk
y
p
e
an
y
tim
e
an
d
an
y
wh
er
e
is
f
ash
io
n
ab
le
in
t
h
ese
d
ay
s
.
12.
DIDAC
T
I
C
I
NS
I
UA
T
I
O
NS
F
uture
Resea
rc
h
T
h
e
ev
id
en
ce
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
is
p
ap
er
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
to
m
an
ag
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es to
m
o
tiv
ate
o
n
is
s
u
es to
ex
p
an
d
th
e
o
th
e
r
lear
n
in
g
s
k
ills
lik
e
wr
itin
g
v
ia
s
o
cial
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Sk
y
p
e
an
d
o
th
er
s
y
s
tem
m
ed
ia
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
b
eliev
ed
as a
n
in
ter
n
alize
d
s
itu
atio
n
.
Mo
r
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
a
n
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
in
t
o
th
e
to
p
ic
is
s
tr
o
n
g
ly
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
to
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
th
e
lear
n
er
s
’
ag
e
an
d
g
en
d
er
o
n
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
lea
r
n
in
g
s
ec
o
n
d
lan
g
u
ag
e
in
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
cu
ltu
r
es.
A
s
well,
it
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
esu
p
p
o
s
ed
th
at
s
o
m
e
d
e
v
ices
co
u
ld
d
eter
m
in
e
th
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E
n
g
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h
ac
q
u
ain
tan
ce
en
d
u
r
in
g
o
n
lin
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
as
Pre
n
s
k
y
[
6
3
]
s
u
p
p
o
s
ed
th
at
teac
h
er
s
in
s
o
m
e
s
itu
atio
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m
ig
h
t
d
is
co
n
tin
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e
in
s
t
r
u
ctio
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,
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n
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i
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m
itti
n
g
ac
a
d
em
ics to
lear
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we
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er
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s
ize,
ca
u
tio
u
s
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u
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t b
e
ap
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lied
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th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
m
ig
h
t n
o
t b
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
ev
er
y
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ettin
g
.
RE
F
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Ko
sz
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2
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a
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rtsh
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R,
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v
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stig
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lt
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t
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Web
2
.
0
tec
h
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o
lo
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ies
:
Th
e
o
r
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a
n
d
e
m
p
iri
c
a
l
tes
ts,"
In
ter
n
e
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Hi
g
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v
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l.
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p
p
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7
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0
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2
0
0
8
.
[3
]
Jo
n
e
s,
N,
e
t,
a
ll
"
G
e
t
o
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t
o
f
M
y
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p
a
c
e
,
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mp
u
ter
s
a
n
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u
c
a
ti
o
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l.
5
4
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p
p
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]
Ja
d
h
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v
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D,
B
h
u
t
k
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r,
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a
n
d
M
e
h
ta,
V,
"
Us
a
b
il
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y
e
v
a
lu
a
ti
o
n
o
f
m
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n
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e
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a
p
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2
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a
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Da
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it
u
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fo
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Av
a
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fro
m
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:/
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a
ru
s.b
lo
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sp
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c
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/
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]
Bo
y
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E
.
L,
Co
ll
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e
,
th
e
U
n
d
e
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w Yo
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;
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rp
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1
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8
7
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Jo
se
p
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e
-
Ku
o
k
W
o
n
g
,
"
Are
t
h
e
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rn
in
g
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ty
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f
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ian
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t
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rn
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ti
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l
a
c
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m
ics
Cu
lt
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No
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.
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He
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[3
1
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HERRING
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S
.
C,
“
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3
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4
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BRAN
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5
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6
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THOMANN
,
A,
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S
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[3
8
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Ce
lce
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u
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.
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d
.
)
.
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st
o
n
:
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in
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0
0
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.
[3
9
]
Wh
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e
,
R
a
n
d
Ar
n
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Pr
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o
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:
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0
]
Ho
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a
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Clar
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M
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[4
2
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El
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3
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Be
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4
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PR
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Iss
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[4
5
]
G
a
b
riel,
M
.
A.,
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m
p
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ll
,
B.
,
Wi
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b
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&
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c
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[4
6
]
S
tran
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K.
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k
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[4
7
]
Ch
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u
,
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-
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&
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Per
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8
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P
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,
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,
&
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.
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.
[4
9
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Co
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,
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.
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A,
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.