I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
I
nfo
r
m
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
mm
u
n
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
202
1
,
p
p
.
4
6
~
5
3
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/i
j
i
ct.
v
10
i
1
.
p
p
4
6
-
5
3
46
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ict.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Auto
m
a
ted
s
m
a
r
t
car pa
r
k
ing
sy
ste
m
for s
m
a
rt
cit
ies
de
m
a
nd
e
m
plo
y
s in
terne
t
o
f
things
t
echno
lo
g
y
Ra
h
m
a
n
A
t
iqu
r
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Ch
o
n
g
q
in
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
P
o
sts
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
C
h
in
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
ST
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
A
pr
20
,
2
0
20
R
ev
i
s
ed
O
ct
25
,
2
0
20
A
cc
ep
ted
Feb
5
,
2
0
21
T
h
e
u
se
o
f
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
rise
s
q
u
ick
l
y
w
it
h
th
e
f
a
st
p
ro
g
re
ss
o
f
th
e
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s.
T
h
e
s
m
a
rt
c
it
y
id
e
a
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
ll
y
g
e
tt
in
g
c
it
y
li
f
e
;
a
s
w
e
ll
ra
ise
s
th
e
c
a
p
a
b
il
it
y
o
f
m
u
n
icip
a
l
j
o
b
s
a
n
d
f
a
c
il
it
ies
p
lu
s
f
o
rm
v
iab
le
e
c
o
n
o
m
ic
p
ro
g
re
ss
o
f
th
e
c
it
y
.
Th
e
p
o
in
t
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
rg
e
n
c
e
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
e
r
is
to
in
tro
d
u
c
e
a
n
a
u
t
o
m
a
ted
s
m
a
rt
a
u
to
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
st
e
m
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
d
e
m
a
n
d
e
m
p
lo
y
s
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
Io
T
)
t
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
o
ff
e
re
d
a
u
to
m
o
b
il
e
p
a
rk
in
g
s
y
ste
m
c
o
v
e
rs
a
n
Io
T
e
n
ti
ty
se
n
t
n
e
a
rb
y
f
o
r
g
e
tt
in
g
so
rted
o
u
t
th
e
e
x
isti
n
g
p
a
rk
in
g
sp
o
ts
w
h
ich
a
re
q
u
ick
e
r
c
o
n
tras
ted
w
it
h
d
if
fe
re
n
t
f
ra
m
e
w
o
rk
s.
It
is
a
v
ie
w
p
o
in
t
g
a
v
e
a
s
a
n
iOS
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
r
e
se
rv
a
ti
o
n
,
e
n
tran
c
e
,
su
p
e
rv
isio
n
,
a
n
d
lea
v
in
g
th
e
c
a
r
p
a
rk
p
lac
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
R
ad
io
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
id
en
tific
atio
n
S
m
ar
t b
illi
n
g
S
m
ar
t c
ar
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
S
m
ar
t c
it
y
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
R
ah
m
a
n
A
tiq
u
r
Sch
o
o
l o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
C
h
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
P
o
s
t
s
an
d
T
elec
o
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
s
C
h
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
,
4
0
0
0
6
5
,
P
.
R
.
C
h
i
n
a
E
m
ail: b
u
lb
u
l.c
s
e.
c
u
@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
id
ea
o
f
S
m
ar
t
T
o
w
n
s
h
a
s
g
r
o
w
n
r
ap
id
l
y
in
th
e
las
t
co
u
p
le
o
f
y
ea
r
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
1
0
B
an
g
lad
es
h
i
’
s
S
m
ar
t
T
o
w
n
s
c
an
s
i
m
p
l
y
b
e
attain
ed
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
w
id
esp
r
ea
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
I
C
T
Set
-
u
p
an
d
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
ass
is
tan
ce
s
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
tu
b
er
an
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
f
ac
ed
b
y
i
n
d
iv
id
u
als
i
n
s
m
ar
t
to
w
n
s
i
s
th
e
lac
k
o
f
a
u
to
m
o
b
il
e
p
ar
k
in
g
f
ac
ili
ties
a
n
d
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t [
1
]
.
T
h
e
f
ig
u
r
e
o
f
v
e
h
i
cle
s
o
n
th
e
s
tr
ee
t
is
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
s
tep
b
y
s
tep
ex
p
o
n
en
t
iall
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
ad
v
e
n
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
o
f
th
e
m
u
n
icip
al
p
o
p
u
latio
n
.
C
o
n
f
er
r
in
g
to
an
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
I
n
B
an
g
lad
es
h
,
D
h
ak
a
h
as
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
q
u
an
t
it
y
o
f
f
o
u
r
-
w
h
ee
ler
au
to
m
o
b
iles
at
2
0
lacs,
w
h
ic
h
is
f
lo
u
r
i
s
h
ed
b
y
1
1
lacs
in
C
h
itta
g
o
n
g
,
7
0
th
o
u
s
a
n
d
in
R
aj
s
h
ah
i,
3
0
th
o
u
s
an
d
i
n
Kh
u
l
n
a,
an
d
2
0
th
o
u
s
an
d
i
n
S
h
y
le
t.
Fro
m
th
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
d
ata
o
b
v
io
u
s
l
y
,
c
o
n
clu
d
e
th
e
ca
l
l
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
s
et
-
u
p
.
I
n
d
e
m
an
d
i
n
g
to
w
n
s
li
k
e
D
h
ak
a
a
s
w
ell
as
C
h
i
ttag
o
n
g
,
t
h
er
e
ex
i
s
ts
n
o
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
w
h
ic
h
lead
s
to
s
er
io
u
s
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
est
io
n
.
T
h
e
d
r
iv
er
s
in
clin
e
to
tr
av
el
ev
er
y
w
h
er
e
in
e
x
a
m
in
e
o
f
p
ar
k
in
g
ca
r
s
w
h
ic
h
u
lti
m
atel
y
p
r
i
m
e
s
to
tr
af
f
ic
b
o
ttlen
ec
k
s
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
ex
a
m
i
n
in
g
n
ea
r
b
y
ai
m
ed
at
p
ar
k
in
g
lead
to
w
ar
d
s
en
lar
g
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
Ga
s
o
li
n
e/Die
s
el
w
h
ic
h
u
lti
m
atel
y
ca
u
s
e
s
s
m
o
g
th
e
n
to
u
ch
e
s
t
h
e
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e.
Mis
h
ap
li
k
eli
h
o
o
d
s
in
cli
n
e
to
r
is
e
as
th
e
ca
r
ter
’
s
atten
tio
n
w
o
u
ld
b
e
h
a
lf
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
in
e
x
a
m
i
n
in
g
p
ar
k
i
n
g
[
1
]
.
A
S
m
ar
t
P
ar
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
i
s
an
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
ce
n
ter
ed
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
in
w
h
ic
h
d
r
iv
er
s
b
e
ab
le
to
d
is
co
v
er
em
p
t
y
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
ts
s
i
m
p
l
y
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ir
S
m
ar
t
P
h
o
n
e
[
1
]
.
A
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
a
s
w
e
ll
al
lo
w
s
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
ai
m
ed
at
t
h
e
o
n
li
n
e
r
ese
r
v
atio
n
o
f
a
p
ar
k
in
g
s
lo
t.
T
h
e
k
e
y
i
n
d
icatio
n
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
is
t
h
eo
r
y
i
s
t
h
e
m
o
b
il
ized
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
Dh
a
k
a
cit
y
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
an
y
h
u
m
a
n
in
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
an
ticip
ated
s
y
s
te
m
h
elp
s
t
h
e
d
r
iv
er
to
r
eser
v
e
t
h
eir
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
ac
es
o
n
lin
e,
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
i
n
g
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
p
lace
s
o
n
an
i
m
m
ed
iate
b
as
is
f
o
r
th
eir
co
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
ma
r
t c
itie
s
d
ema
n
d
emp
lo
ys in
tern
et
…
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
47
I
n
Sectio
n
2
we
tal
k
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
i
n
t
h
e
D
h
ak
a
ci
t
y
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
t
s
t
h
e
S
m
ar
t
C
ar
P
ar
k
i
n
g
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
d
e
f
i
n
es
i
n
w
h
at
w
a
y
t
h
e
y
W
o
r
k
s
.
Sectio
n
4
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
i
n
d
icatio
n
o
f
al
l
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
m
o
d
u
les
u
s
ed
in
m
y
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
Sect
io
n
5
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
ex
is
t
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
an
d
Sectio
n
6
co
n
clu
d
es t
h
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
S
M
A
R
T
C
A
R
P
A
R
K
I
N
G
S
Y
T
E
M
W
O
R
K
I
N
G
A
R
C
H
I
T
E
C
T
U
R
E
Fo
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
ap
p
licatio
n
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
t
h
e
au
to
m
o
b
ile
p
ar
k
in
g
en
h
a
n
ce
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
,
elastic
as
w
ell
as
p
r
o
tecte
d
,
I
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
th
a
t
is
d
i
s
p
la
y
ed
in
th
e
u
n
d
er
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
m
o
d
el
ta
k
i
n
g
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
p
i
4
p
an
el,
th
is
p
a
n
el
is
ti
n
y
b
u
t
it
o
p
er
ates
lik
e
a
n
all
-
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
P
C
.
T
h
e
w
h
o
le
ce
n
tr
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it
(
C
P
U)
in
ter
ch
a
n
g
ed
b
y
t
h
is
m
ee
k
d
eb
it
ca
r
d
-
s
ized
p
an
el
an
d
it
is
a
cc
ess
ib
le
f
o
r
les
s
er
co
s
ts
in
t
h
e
b
az
aa
r
.
T
h
is
w
il
l
u
s
a
g
e
R
asp
b
ia
n
(
s
m
al
l
OS)
,
lik
e
a
L
i
n
u
x
-
ce
n
ter
ed
s
ettin
g
.
I
t
w
ill
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
s
a
s
er
v
er
to
o
f
o
r
m
i
n
o
r
ap
p
l
icatio
n
s
.
W
it
h
t
h
i
s
s
y
s
te
m
ex
p
an
d
in
g
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
to
o
ls
,
w
e
ca
n
en
tr
an
ce
,
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
a
s
w
ell
a
s
lin
k
t
h
in
g
s
ten
u
o
u
s
l
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
te
m
m
o
d
el
T
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
b
r
o
w
s
e
s
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
i
n
g
h
is
/
h
er
ce
ll
u
la
r
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
a
p
ar
k
in
g
s
lo
t
i
n
a
p
ar
k
in
g
r
an
g
e.
At
t
h
is
ti
m
e
Ultr
a
-
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
in
g
s
en
s
o
r
s
ar
e
ca
s
t
-
o
f
f
f
o
r
p
er
ce
iv
in
g
a
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t.
I
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
f
o
u
n
d
a
s
lo
t,
th
e
n
h
e
/s
h
e
p
ar
k
ed
h
is
/
h
er
au
to
m
o
b
ile
.
I
f
h
e
p
ar
k
ed
a
w
r
o
n
g
s
lo
t
a
s
o
u
n
d
i
s
p
la
y
a
lar
m
i
n
g
t
h
at
w
r
o
n
g
p
ar
k
in
g
p
lace
y
o
u
ar
e
s
elec
te
d
.
T
h
is
s
y
s
te
m
is
m
ad
e
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
u
n
i
ts
to
d
o
p
ar
k
in
g
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
.
T
h
o
s
e
ar
e
‘
o
n
li
n
e
r
eser
v
a
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
’
,
‘
p
ar
k
in
g
en
tr
a
n
ce
s
y
s
te
m
’
,
‘
p
ar
k
in
g
leav
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
’
,
an
d
p
ar
k
in
g
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
s
y
s
te
m
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
e
r
ato
r
f
ac
es
th
e
tr
o
u
b
le
o
f
d
is
co
v
er
i
n
g
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
ac
es
in
a
s
w
ell
a
s
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
to
w
n
f
o
r
r
eso
lv
in
g
t
h
at
tr
ick
y
,
I
ad
v
an
c
ed
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
‘
o
n
li
n
e
r
eser
v
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
’
f
r
o
m
th
i
s
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
r
eser
v
e
th
e
s
lo
ts
b
ef
o
r
eh
a
n
d
lik
e
to
r
ese
r
v
e
an
o
n
li
n
e
r
ail
w
a
y
co
u
p
o
n
th
at
i
s
p
r
es
en
ted
i
n
alg
o
r
i
th
m
1
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
au
to
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
ea
r
s
at
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t th
e
n
it c
o
n
tr
ac
ts
w
it
h
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t u
n
it.
A
t t
h
i
s
ti
m
e
R
ad
io
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
I
d
e
n
ti
f
icatio
n
(
R
FI
D)
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
i
n
u
r
ed
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
t
h
e
lice
n
s
e
p
late,
au
to
m
o
b
ile
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
at
f
ir
s
t
te
s
ted
w
it
h
a
r
ec
o
r
d
s
er
v
e
r
f
o
r
f
o
r
eseein
g
t
h
at
ca
r
s
tea
li
n
g
o
r
n
o
t.
I
f
t
h
e
lice
n
s
e
p
late
t
ies,
th
e
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
w
il
l
s
e
n
d
a
v
o
ice
to
t
h
e
ad
j
ac
en
t
la
w
e
n
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
ag
e
n
c
y
f
o
r
s
en
d
in
g
m
es
s
ag
e
s
.
I
d
ev
elo
p
ed
a
‘
p
ar
k
in
g
e
n
tr
y
s
y
s
te
m
’
th
at
is
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
2
.
I
f
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
d
esire
s
to
leav
e
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t,
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
n
ee
d
s
to
p
ay
t
h
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
ch
ar
g
e
ei
th
er
o
n
lin
e
o
r
o
f
f
li
n
e
th
a
t
w
ill
b
e
co
p
ied
b
y
th
e
‘
p
ar
k
i
n
g
lea
v
i
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
’
,
w
h
ich
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
in
al
g
o
r
ith
m
4
.
Occ
asio
n
all
y
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
p
u
zz
les
to
p
ar
k
h
i
s
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
i
n
a
s
p
ec
if
ied
allo
ca
tio
n
,
h
e/s
h
e
m
a
y
w
r
o
n
g
l
y
p
ar
k
a
s
well
as
w
h
ile
p
ar
k
i
n
g
h
i
s
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
h
e/s
h
e
ca
n
d
a
m
ag
e
o
t
h
er
s
au
to
m
o
b
ile
s
also
th
at
cr
ea
tes
o
w
n
er
m
ad
an
d
w
e
ca
n
’
t
ca
tch
h
i
m
/
h
er
at
all,
f
o
r
r
eso
lv
in
g
t
h
is
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
y
I
ad
v
an
ce
d
‘
p
ar
k
i
n
g
su
p
er
v
i
s
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
’
t
h
at
i
s
p
r
esen
ted
i
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
3
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
p
a
y
ca
r
e
to
p
ar
k
p
er
f
ec
tl
y
an
d
i
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
1
:
4
6
–
5
3
48
b
r
o
k
en
th
a
t
w
il
l
b
e
p
r
o
j
ec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
.
T
h
ese
all
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
m
o
d
er
n
ized
i
n
t
h
e
r
ec
o
r
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
u
t
h
o
r
it
y
ca
n
s
ee
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
w
i
th
t
h
e
ad
m
in
lo
g
in
iO
S
ap
p
licatio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
as
w
ell
a
s
o
p
er
ato
r
s
c
an
r
eser
v
e
t
h
e
s
p
ac
es t
h
r
u
lo
g
i
n
to
th
e
i
n
s
tal
led
iOS a
p
p
licatio
n
[
3
]
.
3.
S
M
A
R
T
C
A
R
P
A
R
K
I
N
G
S
Y
S
T
E
M
A
L
G
O
R
I
T
H
M
S
A
N
D
T
H
E
I
R
W
O
R
K
I
N
G
S
Y
S
T
E
M
3
.
1
.
P
a
r
k
i
n
g
a
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
b
o
o
k
i
n
g
s
y
s
t
e
m
I
t
is
p
r
o
b
lem
atic
to
d
is
co
v
er
a
p
ar
k
in
g
s
p
o
t
in
u
r
b
an
ar
ea
s
d
u
r
in
g
p
ic
k
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
at’
s
wh
y
h
er
e
I
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
o
n
lin
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
p
ac
e
b
o
o
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
W
ith
t
h
e
h
elp
o
f
th
e
s
e
o
p
er
ato
r
s
ca
n
r
eser
v
e
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
ts
b
e
f
o
r
eh
an
d
l
ik
e
r
ail
w
a
y
tick
et
s
r
eser
v
a
tio
n
o
n
li
n
e.
Us
i
n
g
m
o
b
ile/lap
to
p
ap
p
licatio
n
u
s
er
s
ca
n
b
o
o
k
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
lo
ts
.
T
h
e
b
elo
w
al
g
o
r
ith
m
ex
p
lai
n
ed
th
e
b
o
o
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
U
s
er
s
g
et
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
av
a
ilab
ilit
y
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
b
y
th
e
Data
b
ase
s
er
v
er
;
i
f
th
er
e
ar
e
an
y
e
m
p
t
y
s
lo
ts
o
b
tain
ab
le
t
h
en
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
r
eser
v
e
th
e
in
ter
esti
n
g
s
lo
t
an
d
co
m
p
lete
th
e
co
s
ts
a
n
d
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
r
eser
v
at
io
n
s
lo
ts
.
I
f
a
n
o
p
er
ato
r
d
o
es
n
o
t
f
i
n
d
th
e
v
ac
a
n
t
s
lo
ts
t
h
e
n
af
t
er
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e
h
e
/s
h
e
ca
n
r
eq
u
est
a
g
ain
f
o
r
v
ac
an
t
s
lo
ts
.
Af
ter
f
i
n
i
s
h
i
n
g
th
e
b
o
o
k
in
g
,
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
i
s
s
i
m
p
l
if
ied
w
it
h
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ili
t
y
[
4
].
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
1
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
o
n
l
in
e
b
o
o
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
s
:
−
B
eg
in
:
−
R
eq
u
est t
h
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t f
r
o
m
th
e
s
er
v
er
−
I
f
p
ar
k
is
f
u
ll
g
o
to
s
tep
s
2
−
E
ls
e
s
elec
t t
h
e
s
lo
t a
n
d
p
a
y
−
I
f
p
a
y
m
e
n
t r
ec
ei
v
ed
g
o
to
s
tep
s
6
−
C
o
n
f
ir
m
r
eser
v
atio
n
s
lo
ts
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
4
−
Up
d
ate
th
e
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
−
E
n
d
.
3
.
2
.
P
a
rk
ing
ent
ry
m
et
ho
d
T
h
is
p
ar
k
in
g
e
n
tr
an
ce
m
et
h
o
d
cu
s
to
m
s
a
n
U
ltra
s
o
n
ic
P
ar
k
i
n
g
Sen
s
o
r
,
Ser
v
o
m
o
to
r
,
L
E
D
s
h
o
w
,
a
s
w
ell
as
a
n
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
.
Ultr
a
s
o
n
ic
Se
n
s
o
r
is
ca
s
t
-
o
f
f
to
k
n
o
w
th
e
e
x
i
s
ten
ce
o
f
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
,
Ser
v
o
m
o
to
r
is
ca
s
t
-
o
f
f
to
ex
p
o
s
ed
th
e
d
o
o
r
,
L
E
D
is
ca
s
t
-
o
f
f
to
s
h
o
w
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
,
as
w
el
l
as
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
,
is
ca
s
t
-
o
f
f
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
t
h
e
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
li
k
e
a
licen
s
e
p
late,
m
o
d
el
n
u
m
b
er
,
h
o
ld
er
n
a
m
e,
etc.
Af
ter
p
er
ce
iv
i
n
g
t
h
e
lice
n
s
e
p
late,
it
w
ill
b
e
test
ed
w
it
h
th
e
s
teali
n
g
li
s
t,
t
h
e
s
teali
n
g
lis
t
w
il
l
b
e
d
eliv
er
ed
b
y
th
e
la
w
e
n
f
o
r
ce
m
en
t
ag
en
c
y
a
n
d
th
e
lis
t
w
ill
b
e
k
ep
t
in
a
r
e
co
r
d
.
I
f
th
at
ties
w
ith
t
h
e
p
r
esen
t
licen
s
e
p
late
at
th
at
ti
m
e
a
tex
t
d
ir
ec
ted
to
th
e
la
w
e
n
f
o
r
ce
m
e
n
t
ag
e
n
c
y
an
d
if
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
th
e
n
p
r
o
ce
ed
.
I
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
r
eser
v
ed
o
n
li
n
e
h
is
/h
er
p
ar
k
in
g
s
lo
t,
th
e
n
t
h
e
g
ate
is
u
n
lo
ck
ed
as
w
ell
a
s
h
e/s
h
e
ca
n
tr
av
e
l
in
s
id
e.
T
h
e
L
E
D
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
ch
o
s
e
n
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t
as
w
ell
as
p
ar
k
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
t
o
o
.
T
h
ese
allo
ca
tio
n
d
etails
co
n
s
ta
n
tl
y
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
to
r
ec
o
r
d
s
er
v
er
.
I
f
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
is
n
o
t r
eser
v
ed
t
h
e
p
ar
k
in
g
s
l
o
ts
b
ef
o
r
eh
an
d
,
t
h
en
h
e
/s
h
e
c
h
ec
k
ed
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
er
v
er
.
I
f
t
h
e
p
ar
k
is
n
o
t
f
u
ll
t
h
en
h
e/s
h
e
ca
n
p
ar
k
h
is
ca
r
o
n
-
s
ite
a
f
ter
p
ay
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
ar
k
in
g
f
ee
an
d
L
E
D
r
ed
is
‘
on
’
.
I
f
t
h
e
p
ar
k
is
f
illed
t
h
en
a
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
is
d
is
p
la
y
ed
al
ik
e
“
tr
y
a
f
ter
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e”
[
5
]
.
All
th
i
n
g
s
ar
e
d
escr
ib
ed
in
th
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
2
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
e
n
tr
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
:
−
B
eg
in
:
−
I
f
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ted
g
o
to
s
tep
s
3
−
R
ea
d
th
e
R
FID
T
ag
−
I
f
th
e
ca
r
is
t
h
e
f
ted
g
o
to
s
tep
s
5
−
I
n
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
p
o
lice
−
E
ls
e
if
t
h
e
s
lo
t i
s
p
r
eb
o
o
k
ed
g
o
to
s
tep
s
7
−
Gate
o
p
en
ed
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
4
−
E
ls
e
ch
ec
k
av
ailab
il
it
y
f
r
o
m
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
th
e
n
g
o
to
s
tep
s
9
−
I
f
p
ar
k
is
f
u
ll
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
0
−
Dis
p
la
y
,
tr
y
a
f
ter
s
o
m
e
ti
m
es t
h
en
g
o
to
1
4
−
E
ls
e
ass
i
g
n
th
e
s
lo
t a
n
d
L
E
D
r
ed
is
ON
th
e
n
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
2
−
Op
e
n
th
e
g
ate
th
e
n
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
4
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
−
E
n
d
.
3
.
3
.
P
a
rk
ing
s
up
er
v
is
io
n
m
et
ho
d
T
h
is
d
iv
is
io
n
o
f
f
er
s
i
n
s
tr
u
cti
o
n
s
to
th
e
p
r
o
p
r
ieto
r
s
t
o
g
ar
d
en
s
th
eir
ca
r
s
p
r
o
p
er
ly
.
Her
e
p
er
s
lo
t
ass
i
g
n
ed
b
y
o
n
e
U
ltra
s
o
n
ic
P
ar
k
in
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
u
o
s
,
o
n
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
,
3
L
E
Ds,
as
w
ell
as
a
s
p
ea
k
er
.
Firstl
y
i
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
ma
r
t c
itie
s
d
ema
n
d
emp
lo
ys in
tern
et
…
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
49
w
il
l
ch
ec
k
th
e
s
lo
t
is
allo
ca
ted
o
r
n
o
t,
if
it
is
allo
ca
ted
,
th
en
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
g
o
es
‘
on
’
.
I
f
an
y
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
co
m
e
s
in
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t,
at
th
a
t
ti
m
e
Ultr
aso
n
ic
P
ar
k
in
g
Sen
s
o
r
n
o
tices,
L
E
D
r
ed
g
o
es
‘
on
’
an
d
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
tu
r
n
ed
‘
o
f
f
’
an
d
i
f
it
d
o
es
n
o
t
t
h
e
n
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
t
u
r
n
ed
‘
on
’
.
No
w
R
FID
r
ea
d
er
r
ea
d
s
o
u
t
th
e
au
to
m
o
b
ile
’
s
R
FID
lab
el,
if
s
elec
ted
au
to
m
o
b
ile
R
FID
d
o
es
n
o
t
tie
w
it
h
ex
is
ti
n
g
id
en
t
i
f
ied
au
to
m
o
b
ile
R
FID
t
h
en
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
is
‘
on
’
i
f
n
o
t
o
p
en
th
e
d
o
o
r
an
d
p
ar
k
t
h
e
au
to
m
o
b
ile.
I
f
th
e
s
p
ea
k
er
o
n
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
r
ea
lize
h
e
/s
h
e
p
ar
k
ed
h
is
/
h
er
au
to
m
o
b
ile
w
r
o
n
g
l
y
t
h
e
n
h
e/
s
h
e
ca
n
lea
v
e
th
e
s
lo
t
an
d
g
o
e
s
to
h
is
/
h
er
ch
o
s
e
n
s
lo
t.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
al
w
a
y
s
s
i
m
p
li
f
ied
i
n
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
s
er
v
er
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
alg
o
r
it
h
m
is
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
io
n
m
et
h
o
d
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
3
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
m
e
th
o
d
s
:
−
B
eg
in
:
−
I
f
s
lo
t a
s
s
ig
n
ed
g
o
to
s
tep
s
3
−
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
t
u
r
n
ed
o
n
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
−
I
f
s
lo
t
u
l
tr
aso
n
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
etec
ted
g
o
to
7
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
3
−
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
t
w
i
s
ted
o
f
f
a
n
d
L
E
D
r
ed
t
w
is
ted
o
n
−
I
f
R
FID
h
ar
m
o
n
ized
g
o
to
s
te
p
s
1
0
−
E
ls
e
s
p
ea
k
er
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
g
o
to
s
t
ep
s
8
−
Op
en
th
e
g
ate
an
d
p
ar
k
ed
th
e
ca
r
−
E
n
d
.
3
.
4
.
P
a
rk
ing
lea
v
ing
m
et
ho
d
T
h
is
p
ar
k
in
g
lea
v
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
en
co
m
p
as
s
es
p
er
ip
h
er
als
p
ar
al
lel
to
w
ar
d
s
t
h
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
e
n
tr
an
ce
s
y
s
te
m
.
I
f
t
h
e
ca
r
g
o
n
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
t
s
,
t
h
en
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
g
o
es
‘
o
n
’
an
d
s
i
m
u
ltan
eo
u
s
l
y
L
E
D
r
ed
g
o
es
‘
o
f
f
’
.
At
leav
i
n
g
ti
m
e,
t
h
e
R
FID
r
ea
d
s
th
e
a
u
to
m
o
b
ile
d
etails
an
d
d
i
s
p
lay
s
th
e
p
ar
k
i
n
g
ch
ar
g
e.
T
h
e
p
ar
k
in
g
f
ee
is
t
h
e
o
p
er
ato
r
’
s
o
p
tio
n
,
h
e
/s
h
e
ca
n
p
ay
eit
h
er
o
n
li
n
e
o
r
o
f
f
li
n
e
[
7
]
.
Sin
ce
h
e
/s
h
e
co
m
p
leted
th
e
re
i
m
b
u
r
s
e
m
en
t
eith
er
o
n
li
n
e
o
r
o
f
f
li
n
e
th
e
n
t
h
e
g
ate
o
p
en
s
an
d
h
e
/
s
h
e
ca
n
ex
it
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
lo
t
an
d
all
th
e
d
ata
u
p
lo
ad
ed
to
th
e
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
.
T
h
e
g
iv
e
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
h
o
w
s
al
l th
e
t
h
i
n
g
s
.
A
l
g
o
r
ith
m
4
f
o
r
p
ar
k
in
g
lea
v
i
n
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
:
−
B
eg
in
:
−
I
f
ca
r
lef
t t
h
e
s
lo
t g
o
to
s
tep
s
4
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
−
L
E
D
g
r
ee
n
g
lo
w
s
−
I
f
ex
it
s
en
s
o
r
d
etec
ted
g
o
to
7
−
E
ls
e
g
o
to
s
tep
s
4
−
R
ea
d
th
e
R
FID
f
la
g
s
−
I
f
w
an
t to
p
a
y
o
n
l
in
e
g
o
to
s
te
p
s
1
0
−
E
ls
e
in
s
u
f
f
icie
n
t
m
o
n
e
y
a
n
d
p
a
y
b
y
h
a
n
d
th
e
n
g
o
to
s
tep
s
1
1
−
Ded
u
ce
th
e
m
o
n
e
y
−
Op
en
th
e
g
ate
−
E
n
d
.
4.
H
ARDWA
R
E
ASP
E
CT
S
4
.
1
.
No
de
M
CU
V
-
3
No
d
eM
C
U
v
er
s
io
n
-
3
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
,
is
an
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
b
o
ar
d
th
at
tu
r
n
s
o
n
th
e
E
SP
8
2
6
6
b
y
th
e
E
x
p
r
ess
i
f
No
n
-
Op
er
atin
g
S
y
s
te
m
s
/
w
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
k
it
an
d
h
/
w
ce
n
ter
ed
o
n
t
h
e
E
SP
-
1
2
u
n
i
t
[
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
to
p
o
g
r
ap
h
ies
o
f
th
e
d
ev
ice
ar
e
8
0
x
1
0
6
Hz
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
lo
ck
,
4
x
1
0
6
B
o
f
f
lash
m
e
m
o
r
y
,
ab
o
u
t
5
0
0
0
0
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
al
R
A
M
as
w
ell
a
s
an
o
n
-
ch
ip
w
ir
ele
s
s
f
id
elit
y
(
w
i
-
f
i)
T
r
an
s
ce
iv
er
.
T
h
e
No
d
eM
C
U
v
3
s
c
h
e
m
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
a
4
x
1
0
6
B
(
3
2
Me
g
aB
y
te)
f
la
s
h
m
e
m
o
r
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
in
s
ec
to
r
s
o
f
4
0
0
0
r
esp
ec
tiv
el
y
.
T
h
e
f
las
h
m
e
m
o
r
y
ad
d
r
ess
s
tar
t
s
at
0
X
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
b
esid
es
ca
n
b
e
r
e
ad
as
w
e
ll
as
w
r
itten
f
r
o
m
a
Z
er
y
n
t
h
p
ac
k
a
g
e
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
th
e
in
ter
n
al
f
las
h
u
n
i
t.
T
h
e
in
ter
io
r
f
lash
o
f
N
o
d
eM
C
U
v
er
s
io
n
-
3
ca
n
b
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
d
iv
er
s
e
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
u
s
u
al
n
o
n
-
FO
T
A
VM
w
it
h
t
h
e
VM
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
tar
tin
g
at
0
X0
0
0
0
,
af
ter
w
ar
d
th
e
esp
8
2
6
6
p
ic
at
0
X2
0
0
0
0
,
an
d
th
e
esp
_
in
it_
d
ata
at
0
X3
f
c0
0
0
.
R
u
le
to
th
e
No
d
eM
C
U
v
r
s
io
n
3
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
u
th
e
o
n
-
b
o
ar
d
USB
Mic
r
o
B
co
n
n
ec
to
r
o
r
a
cq
u
iesce
n
tl
y
b
y
t
h
e
“
VI
N”
p
i
n
ch
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
ic
s
o
u
r
ce
is
d
e
s
ig
n
ated
r
o
u
ti
n
el
y
.
T
h
e
h
ar
d
w
ar
e
ca
n
r
u
n
o
n
a
p
o
w
er
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
6
to
2
0
v
o
lt
s
.
I
f
co
n
s
u
m
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
1
2
V,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
m
a
y
b
u
r
n
an
d
h
ar
m
th
e
d
ev
ice.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
ch
o
ice
is
7
V
to
1
2
V
[
8
].
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
1
:
4
6
–
5
3
50
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
No
d
e
MCU
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
o
ar
d
T
ab
le
1
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
i
f
icat
io
n
s
o
f
a
No
d
eM
C
U
v
er
s
io
n
-
3
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
b
o
ar
d
.
Fro
m
h
er
e
w
e
s
ee
th
at
No
d
eM
C
U
is
a
3
2
-
b
it
R
I
SC
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
-
b
ased
d
ev
ice.
I
t
h
as
6
4
Kilo
-
B
y
te
R
A
M.
I
t
s
clo
ck
s
p
ee
d
lies
ar
o
u
n
d
9
0
m
e
g
a
-
h
er
tz
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
v
o
ltag
e
ar
e
n
ea
r
b
y
3
.
3
v
o
ltag
e
as
w
ell
a
s
it
s
o
p
er
ati
o
n
al
cu
r
r
e
n
t
ar
e
9
0
m
A
m
p
.
I
t h
as 1
6
p
in
s
f
o
r
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
No
d
em
c
u
V3
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
s
S
p
ec
i
fi
ca
t
i
o
n
s
Val
u
es
M
C
U
T
en
si
l
i
ca
3
2
-
b
i
t
R
IS
C
C
P
U
Xt
en
sa
L
X10
6
R
AM
6
4
KB
C
l
o
ck
S
p
ee
d
9
0
M
Hz
Ope
rat
i
o
n
al
Vo
l
t
ag
e
3
.
3
V
Ope
rat
i
o
n
al
C
u
rr
en
t
9
0
m
A(
Avg
)
E
x
i
st
i
n
g
GP
IO
P
i
n
ch
es
16
4
.
2
.
An
ultr
a
s
o
nic
p
a
r
k
i
ng
s
ens
o
r
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
af
ter
t
h
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
is
ce
n
ter
e
d
o
n
ec
h
o
lo
ca
tio
n
[
9
,
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
ate
o
f
r
ec
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
u
n
d
is
s
o
ex
tr
ao
r
d
in
ar
y
t
h
at
m
e
n
ca
n
’
t p
e
r
ce
iv
e
it,
w
h
ic
h
is
b
e
n
e
f
icial
f
o
r
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
t
h
at
i
t
o
f
f
er
s
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
r
u
in
s
n
o
r
m
al.
As
s
o
u
n
d
h
its
a
co
n
cr
ete
en
tit
y
,
af
ter
cr
ea
tin
g
a
n
ec
h
o
i
t
is
ec
h
o
ed
b
ac
k
.
As
th
e
r
ap
id
it
y
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
is
f
a
m
ili
ar
an
d
s
tab
le
f
o
r
p
ar
allel
cir
cu
m
s
ta
n
ce
s
,
it
i
s
li
k
el
y
to
p
ick
th
e
d
is
ta
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
en
tit
y
y
o
u
g
et
an
ec
h
o
f
r
o
m
b
y
e
n
lar
g
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
ick
n
es
s
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
b
y
h
al
f
th
e
ti
m
e
it
r
ec
ei
p
ts
to
p
er
ce
iv
e
th
e
ec
h
o
(
s
i
n
ce
t
h
e
ec
h
o
p
er
io
d
is
tr
u
l
y
t
h
e
ti
m
e
it
r
ec
eip
ts
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
to
g
o
t
h
er
e
a
n
d
b
ac
k
)
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
e
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
in
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
d
ev
ice
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
An
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
ma
r
t c
itie
s
d
ema
n
d
emp
lo
ys in
tern
et
…
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
51
Fro
m
T
ab
le
2
w
e
s
ee
t
h
at
th
e
t
ec
h
n
ica
l
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
an
u
l
tr
aso
n
ic
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
.
W
e
s
ee
th
at
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
a
t
y
p
ical
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
p
ar
k
in
g
s
e
n
s
o
r
lies
b
et
w
ee
n
0
.
3
to
2
m
eter
s
,
b
ea
m
-
w
id
t
h
h
o
r
i
zo
n
tall
y
as
w
ell
as
v
er
ticall
y
g
r
ea
ter
t
h
an
6
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
,
b
ea
m
-
p
atter
n
ar
e
co
n
ica
l
,
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
a
n
u
ltra
s
o
n
ic
s
e
n
s
o
r
t
y
p
icall
y
r
an
g
e
s
f
r
o
m
3
1
5
m
e
g
a
-
h
er
tz
t
o
4
3
3
m
e
g
a
-
h
er
tz.
T
h
e
u
n
it c
o
s
t is 3
0
I
NR
.
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ec
h
n
ical
s
p
ec
if
ica
ti
o
n
o
f
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
[
1
2
,
13]
P
arame
t
e
rs
U
l
t
r
a
so
n
i
c
P
a
r
k
i
n
g
S
e
n
so
r
R
an
g
e
0
.
3
~
2
m
B
ea
m
-
w
i
d
t
h
H
>
6
0
,
V
>
6
0
d
e
g
r
e
e
B
ea
m
P
at
t
ern
C
o
n
i
ca
l
F
req
u
en
cy
3
1
5
M
H
z
/
4
3
3
M
H
z
Uni
t
C
o
st
3
0
IN
R
.
4
.
3
.
Ra
s
pb
er
ry
P
i4
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i4
is
a
d
eb
it
ca
r
d
s
ized
s
in
g
le
-
b
o
ar
d
P
C
w
it
h
an
OS
R
asp
b
ian
m
o
u
n
ted
[
1
4
,
1
5
]
.
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
4
’
s
s
p
ec
i
ficatio
n
s
ar
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ied
i
n
T
ab
le
0
3
.
T
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
ac
c
u
m
u
late
s
t
h
e
q
u
an
tit
y
o
f
p
ar
k
i
n
g
s
lo
ts
f
r
o
m
ap
iece
No
d
eM
C
U
V3
an
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
t
h
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
as
w
e
ll
as
u
p
to
d
ate
t
h
e
d
atab
ase
s
er
v
er
w
i
th
a
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
e
m
p
t
y
s
lo
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
d
is
p
la
y
s
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
in
ter
f
ac
e
s
i
n
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i 4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i4
b
o
ar
d
s
T
ab
le
3
d
is
p
lay
s
t
h
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
atio
n
s
o
f
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
4
d
ev
ice.
Fro
m
t
h
e
tab
le,
w
e
s
e
e
th
at
t
h
e
R
asp
b
er
r
y
p
i
4
b
o
ar
d
co
n
tain
s
a
d
u
al
-
co
r
e
6
4
b
it
So
C
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
.
I
t
h
as
an
o
p
tio
n
o
f
R
A
M
l
ik
e
1
GB
,
2
G
B
,
o
r
4
GB
.
User
s
ca
n
ch
o
o
s
e
1
GB
,
2
GB
,
o
r
4
GB
R
A
M
d
ep
en
d
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
ir
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
U
n
i
v
er
s
al
Ser
ial
P
o
r
ts
is
4
,
t
w
o
USB
ar
e
3
.
0
p
o
r
ts
an
d
tw
o
ar
e
2
.
0
p
o
r
ts
.
A
t
y
p
ical
R
a
s
p
b
er
r
y
P
i
4
also
co
n
ta
in
s
4
0
GP
I
O
p
in
s
.
I
t
h
as
a
Gig
ab
y
te
E
th
er
n
et
p
o
r
t
f
o
r
in
ter
n
et
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
f
ea
t
u
r
e
s
o
f
a
R
asp
b
er
r
y
P
i
4
b
o
ar
d
s
ar
e
2
m
icr
o
HDM
I
p
o
r
ts
,
2
d
is
p
la
y
p
o
r
ts
,
2
ca
m
e
r
a
p
o
r
ts
,
m
icr
o
SD
ca
r
d
s
lo
ts
as
w
ell
as
a
L
in
u
x
b
ased
Op
er
atin
g
S
y
s
te
m
.
T
ab
le
3
. R
asp
b
er
r
y
p
i4
s
p
ec
if
i
ca
tio
n
s
[
1
5
]
S
p
ec
i
fi
ca
t
i
o
n
s
Val
u
es
C
en
t
ral
P
roc
ess
i
n
g
Uni
t
B
roa
d
co
m
B
C
M
2
7
1
1
,
Dua
l
co
re
C
o
rt
ex
-
A72
(
AR
M
v
-
8
)
6
4
-
b
i
t
S
o
C
@
1
.
5
GH
z
R
an
d
o
m
Acce
ss
M
emo
ry
1
GB
,
2
GB
o
r
4
GB
L
P
D
DR
4
-
2
4
0
0
S
DR
AM
Uni
v
er
sal
S
eri
a
l
B
u
s
P
o
rt
s
2
USB
3
.
0
p
o
rt
s
;
2
USB
2
.
0
p
o
rt
s
GPIO
P
i
n
s
R
asp
b
erry
P
i
t
y
p
i
ca
l
4
0
p
i
n
Add
i
t
i
o
n
al
F
ea
t
u
res
1.
HD
M
I
–
2
×
mi
cro
-
H
DMI
p
o
r
t
s
(up
t
o
4
k
x
6
0
su
p
p
o
rt
ed
)
2.
Di
sp
l
ay
p
o
rt
–
2
-
l
an
e
M
IP
I
DSI
3.
C
ame
ra
p
o
r
t
–
2
-
l
an
e
M
IP
I
C
S
I
4.
Aud
i
o
–
4
-
p
o
l
e
st
ereo
au
d
i
o
an
d
co
mbine
d
v
i
d
eo
p
o
rt
5.
S
t
o
rag
e
–
M
i
cro
-
S
D
ca
rd
s
l
o
t
for
l
o
ad
i
n
g
OS an
d
d
ata
st
o
rag
e
6.
M
i
sc
–
H.
2
6
5
(4k
x
6
0
d
e
co
d
e),
H
.
2
6
4
(10
8
0
x
6
0
d
ec
o
d
e
,
1
0
8
0
x
3
0
en
co
d
e),
Ope
n
GL
E
S
3
.
0
v
i
su
a
l
a
i
d
.
7.
OS
–
Deb
i
an
L
i
n
u
x
1
0
ce
n
t
ered
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
10
,
No
.
1
,
A
p
r
il
20
2
1
:
4
6
–
5
3
52
5.
P
E
RF
O
RM
ANCE AN
AL
YS
I
S
As
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
as
s
es
s
ed
ch
ar
t
F
ig
u
r
e
5
i
t
i
s
p
lai
n
l
y
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
o
u
r
s
y
s
te
m
w
i
ll
b
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
el
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
t
h
e
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fro
m
F
i
g
u
r
e
5
,
it
is
clea
r
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
m
ar
t
ca
r
p
ar
k
in
g
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
ir
es
les
s
an
id
ea
l
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
s
ca
n
f
o
r
a
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
w
h
e
n
co
n
tr
as
ted
w
it
h
t
h
at
o
f
o
r
d
in
ar
y
p
u
r
s
u
it.
I
n
t
y
p
ical
in
q
u
ir
y
cl
ien
t
s
ets
a
s
i
d
e
p
ar
t
o
f
ef
f
o
r
t
to
d
is
co
v
er
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
s
p
ac
e.
B
e
th
at
as
it
m
a
y
,
in
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
w
e
h
av
e
a
c
h
o
ice
o
f
p
r
eb
o
o
k
in
g
,
w
h
ich
s
p
ar
es ti
m
e
[
1
6
-
2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
y
s
te
m
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
S
m
ar
t
C
it
y
o
p
er
atio
n
is
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
e
o
b
j
ec
t
o
f
th
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
o
f
B
an
g
lad
es
h
.
T
h
e
Go
v
er
n
m
en
t
’
s
p
la
n
is
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
f
if
tee
n
s
m
ar
t
to
w
n
s
all
o
v
er
th
e
s
tate.
No
w
a
d
ay
s
d
ata
ca
n
b
e
ac
ce
s
s
ed
an
y
w
h
er
e
an
d
o
n
an
y
d
ev
ice
w
it
h
t
h
e
aid
o
f
q
u
i
c
k
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t i
n
t
h
e
I
n
ter
n
et
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
an
d
clo
u
d
co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
p
ar
ad
ig
m
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
ad
d
r
ess
es
an
o
n
li
n
e
-
b
ased
p
ar
k
in
g
r
eser
v
atio
n
,
an
d
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
io
n
,
e
n
tr
an
ce
,
an
d
le
av
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
e
p
ar
k
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
in
D
h
a
k
a
to
w
n
an
d
f
o
r
s
ett
in
g
o
u
t
in
S
m
ar
t
T
o
w
n
s
.
B
y
u
s
in
g
a
ce
ll
p
h
o
n
e’
s
iOS a
p
p
licatio
n
o
p
er
ato
r
ca
n
r
eser
v
e
a
p
ar
k
in
g
s
lo
t
w
h
e
n
ev
er
h
e
/s
h
e
lik
e
s
as
w
ell
as f
r
o
m
a
n
y
s
p
o
t.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
A
ll
p
r
aise
a
n
d
t
h
a
n
k
s
ar
e
to
AL
L
A
H
A
l
m
i
g
h
t
y
.
Af
ter
t
h
at
,
I
w
o
u
ld
lik
e
to
e
x
p
r
ess
m
y
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
ap
p
r
ec
iatio
n
co
n
ce
r
n
i
n
g
m
y
s
u
p
er
v
is
o
r
,
P
r
o
f
ess
o
r
Dr
.
Yu
n
L
i
f
o
r
h
is
en
d
le
s
s
s
u
p
er
v
is
io
n
,
p
r
o
m
is
i
n
g
ass
is
tan
ce
as
w
ell
a
s
m
o
ti
v
ati
n
g
d
is
p
u
tes.
I
a
m
o
b
li
g
ed
to
th
e
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
a
n
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
eir
li
v
eli
h
o
o
d
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
Ga
n
d
h
i,
B.
K.,
&
Ra
o
,
M
.
K.,
“
A
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
f
o
r
Io
T
b
a
se
d
c
a
r
p
a
rk
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
ste
m
f
o
r
s
m
a
r
t
c
it
ies
,
”
In
d
i
a
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
il
.
9
,
n
o
.
1
7
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
]
D.
V
a
k
u
la
a
n
d
Y.
K
.
Ko
ll
i
,
“
L
o
w
c
o
st
s
m
a
rt
p
a
rk
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
f
o
r
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
”
2
0
1
7
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
In
telli
g
e
n
t
S
u
sta
in
a
b
le
S
y
ste
ms
(
I
CIS
S
)
,
P
a
ll
a
d
a
m
,
p
p
.
2
8
0
-
2
8
4
,
2
0
1
7
.
[3
]
A
ti
q
u
r,
R.
,
&
L
i,
Y,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
s
m
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
rk
in
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
ra
sp
b
e
rry
P
i
4
a
n
d
iOS
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Rec
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le a
n
d
E
mb
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
ms
IJ
RE
S
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
2
2
9
-
2
3
4
,
2
0
2
0
.
[4
]
Ya
n
x
u
Zh
e
n
g
,
S
.
Ra
jas
e
g
a
ra
r
a
n
d
C.
Lec
k
i
e
,
“
P
a
rk
in
g
a
v
a
il
a
b
il
it
y
p
re
d
ictio
n
f
o
r
se
n
so
r
-
e
n
a
b
led
c
a
r
p
a
rk
s
in
s
m
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
”
2
0
1
5
IEE
E
T
e
n
t
h
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
telli
g
e
n
t
S
e
n
so
rs
,
S
e
n
so
r
Ne
tw
o
rk
s
a
n
d
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Pro
c
e
ss
in
g
(
IS
S
NIP)
,
S
i
n
g
a
p
o
re
,
p
p
.
1
-
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
[5
]
A
.
Kh
a
n
n
a
a
n
d
R
.
A
n
a
n
d
,
“
I
o
T
b
a
se
d
s
m
a
rt
p
a
rk
in
g
s
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
6
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
IOTA
)
,
P
u
n
e
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
-
2
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[6
]
A
.
Ro
y
,
J.
S
id
d
iq
u
e
e
,
A
.
Da
tt
a
,
P
.
P
o
d
d
a
r,
G
.
Ga
n
g
u
ly
a
n
d
A
.
Bh
a
tt
a
c
h
a
rjee
,
“
S
m
a
rt
tr
a
ff
ic
&
p
a
rk
in
g
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
u
sin
g
Io
T
,
”
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
7
t
h
A
n
n
u
a
l
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
a
n
d
M
o
b
il
e
Co
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
(
IEM
CON)
,
V
a
n
c
o
u
v
e
r,
BC,
p
p
.
1
-
3
,
2
0
1
6
.
[7
]
T
.
N.
P
h
a
m
,
M
.
T
sa
i,
D.
B.
Ng
u
y
e
n
,
C.
Do
w
a
n
d
D.
De
n
g
,
“
A
Clo
u
d
-
Ba
se
d
S
m
a
rt
-
P
a
rk
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
o
n
In
tern
e
t
-
of
-
T
h
in
g
s T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
,
”
in
IEE
E
Acc
e
ss
,
v
o
l.
3
,
p
p
.
1
5
8
1
-
1
5
9
1
,
2
0
1
5
.
[8
]
Z
e
r
y
n
th
,
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
d
o
c
s.z
e
ry
n
th
.
c
o
m
/l
a
tes
t/
o
ff
icia
l/
b
o
a
r
d
.
z
e
ry
n
th
.
n
o
d
e
m
c
u
3
/d
o
c
s/i
n
d
e
x
.
h
tm
l
[9
]
A
u
to
g
e
e
k
o
n
li
n
e
,
[
On
l
in
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
a
u
to
g
e
e
k
o
n
li
n
e
.
n
e
t/
f
o
ru
m
/as
k
-
m
ik
e
-
p
h
il
li
p
s
-
y
o
u
r
-
e
taili
n
g
-
q
u
e
stio
n
s
-
/2
8
5
4
6
-
u
lt
ra
so
n
ic p
a
rk
i
n
g
-
se
n
so
r
-
p
ri
n
c
ip
le.
h
tm
l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J
I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
A
u
to
ma
ted
s
ma
r
t c
a
r
p
a
r
kin
g
s
ystem
fo
r
s
ma
r
t c
itie
s
d
ema
n
d
emp
lo
ys in
tern
et
…
(
R
a
h
ma
n
A
tiq
u
r
)
53
[1
0
]
M
.
B.
A
h
m
a
d
,
A
.
A
.
A
b
d
u
ll
a
h
i,
A
.
S
.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
Y.B.
S
a
leh
,
U.B.
Us
m
a
n
,
“
T
h
e
V
a
rio
u
s
Ty
p
e
s
o
f
se
n
s
o
rs
u
se
d
in
th
e
S
e
c
u
rit
y
A
lar
m
s
y
st
e
m
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ne
w
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
rc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
ir
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
IJ
NCAA
,
v
o
l.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
5
0
-
5
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
1
]
M.
B.
A
h
m
a
d
,
M
.
Ca
v
a
s,
“
A
re
v
ie
w
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
se
c
u
rit
y
a
lar
m
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
in
tern
e
t
o
f
th
in
g
s
(I
o
T
)”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ne
w
C
o
mp
u
ter
Arc
h
it
e
c
tu
re
s
a
n
d
th
e
ir A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
8
-
4
9
,
2
0
1
9
.
[1
2
]
[
On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
w
ww
.
p
a
rk
in
g
se
n
so
rs.co
.
u
k
/p
a
g
e
/t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
-
sp
e
c
if
i
c
a
ti
o
n
s
[1
3
]
A
.
Di
m
it
ro
v
a
n
d
D.
M
i
n
c
h
e
v
,
“
Ultras
o
n
ic
se
n
so
r
e
x
p
l
o
re
r,
”
2
0
1
6
1
9
th
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
S
y
mp
o
si
u
m
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
Ap
p
a
ra
t
u
s a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
(
S
IEL
A)
,
Bo
u
rg
a
s,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
4
]
Ra
sp
b
e
rry
P
i
4
D
o
c
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
[On
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
s://
ww
w
.
ra
sp
b
e
rry
p
i.
o
rg
/
[1
5
]
Ra
sp
b
e
rry
P
i
4
C
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
ti
o
n
,
[
O
n
li
n
e
]
.
A
v
a
il
a
b
le:
h
tt
p
:/
/w
ww
.
d
a
t
a
b
o
o
k
.
b
z
/?c
a
t=5
6
"
[1
6
]
Ra
h
m
a
n
A
,
Yu
n
L
,
A
li
M
d
L
,
“
A
u
to
m
a
ted
S
m
a
rt
Ca
r
P
a
rk
in
g
S
y
ste
m
Us
in
g
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
(Io
T
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
S
m
a
rt
Cit
ies
De
m
a
n
d
,
”
No
rth
Ame
ric
a
n
Aca
d
e
mic
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
v
o
l.
3
,
n
o
.
8
,
p
p
.
7
-
1
9
,
2
0
2
0
[1
7
]
A
.
Kh
a
n
n
a
a
n
d
R
.
A
n
a
n
d
,
“
I
o
T
b
a
se
d
s
m
a
rt
p
a
rk
in
g
s
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
6
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s (
IOTA
),
P
u
n
e
,
p
p
.
2
6
6
-
2
7
0
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
8
]
W
.
A
l
sa
f
e
r
y
,
B.
A
lt
u
rk
i,
S
.
Re
if
f
-
M
a
rg
a
n
iec
a
n
d
K.
Ja
m
b
i,
“
S
m
a
rt
Ca
r
P
a
rk
in
g
S
y
ste
m
S
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
th
e
In
tern
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s
in
S
m
a
rt
Cit
ies
,
”
2
0
1
8
1
st
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Co
mp
u
ter
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
&
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
e
c
u
rity
(
ICCAIS
),
Riy
a
d
h
,
p
p
.
1
-
5
,
2
0
1
8
.
[1
9
]
M
.
F
ra
if
e
r
a
n
d
M
.
F
e
rn
strö
m
,
“
S
m
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
p
ro
to
t
y
p
e
u
ti
li
z
in
g
CCT
V
n
o
d
e
s:
A
p
ro
o
f
o
f
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
p
ro
t
o
ty
p
e
o
f
a
n
o
v
e
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
to
w
a
rd
s
Io
T
-
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
p
a
rk
in
g
,
”
2
0
1
6
IEE
E
3
rd
W
o
rld
F
o
ru
m
o
n
I
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
T
h
in
g
s (
W
F
-
Io
T
)
,
Re
sto
n
,
V
A
,
p
p
.
6
4
9
-
6
5
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
[2
0
]
M
u
d
a
li
a
r,
S
h
ru
th
i
,
S
u
jay
M
u
d
h
o
l,
Ch
a
it
a
n
y
a
K
J
a
m
b
o
tk
a
r
,
“
Io
T
b
a
se
d
sm
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
f
o
r S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
Res
e
a
r
c
h
In
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
2
7
0
-
2
7
2
,
2
0
1
9
.
[2
1
]
Na
tara
jan
,
P
.
B.
,
a
n
d
S
a
m
it
Ku
m
a
r
G
h
o
sh
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
sm
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
ste
m
u
sin
g
lab
v
ie
w
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
P
u
re
a
n
d
A
p
p
l
ied
M
a
t
h
e
ma
ti
c
s
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
0
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
2
9
-
3
3
8
,
2
0
1
8
[2
2
]
Ba
c
h
h
a
v
,
Ja
y
a
k
sh
e
i
Da
d
a
ji
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
.
M
e
c
h
k
u
l,
“
S
m
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
ste
m
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
v
o
l.
4
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
3
0
3
6
-
3
0
3
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
3
]
Na
n
d
y
a
l,
S
u
v
a
rn
a
,
S
a
b
i
y
a
S
u
lt
a
n
a
,
a
n
d
S
a
d
a
f
A
n
j
u
m
,
“
S
m
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
r
k
in
g
s
y
st
e
m
u
sin
g
a
rd
u
in
o
u
n
o
,
”
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
A
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
v
o
l.
1
6
9
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
3
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
4
]
B.
M
.
M
a
h
e
n
d
ra
,
S
.
S
o
n
o
li
,
N.
B
h
a
t,
Ra
ju
a
n
d
T
.
Ra
g
h
u
,
“
Io
T
b
a
s
e
d
se
n
so
r
e
n
a
b
led
sm
a
rt
c
a
r
p
a
rk
i
n
g
f
o
r
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
d
riv
e
r
a
ss
istan
c
e
s
y
ste
m
,
”
2
0
1
7
2
n
d
I
EE
E
In
ter
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Rec
e
n
t
T
re
n
d
s
in
El
e
c
tro
n
i
c
s,
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
&
Co
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
R
T
EICT
,
Ba
n
g
a
lo
re
,
p
p
.
2
1
8
8
-
2
1
9
3
,
2
0
1
7
.
[2
5
]
P
.
S
a
d
h
u
k
h
a
n
,
“
A
n
Io
T
-
b
a
se
d
E
-
p
a
rk
in
g
sy
ste
m
f
o
r
sm
a
rt
c
it
ies
,
”
2
0
1
7
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
C
o
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
s
i
n
Co
mp
u
t
in
g
,
C
o
mm
u
n
ic
a
ti
o
n
s a
n
d
In
fo
rm
a
ti
c
s ICA
CCI,
U
d
u
p
i,
p
p
.
1
0
6
2
-
1
0
6
6
,
2
0
1
7
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
O
F
AUTHO
RS
M
r.
Ra
h
m
a
n
A
ti
q
u
r
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
(B.
S
c
)
a
n
d
M
a
ste
r
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(M
.
En
g
g
.
)
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
t
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
l
a
d
e
sh
.
In
p
r
o
f
e
ss
io
n
,
h
e
w
o
rk
e
d
i
n
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
lad
e
sh
a
s
a
n
A
ss
istan
t
P
ro
f
e
ss
o
r
sin
c
e
A
p
ril
2
0
1
6
.
F
o
rm
e
r
h
e
w
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
in
th
e
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Ch
it
tag
o
n
g
,
Ba
n
g
la
d
e
sh
.
He
is
n
o
w
c
o
n
d
u
c
ti
n
g
h
is
P
h
.
D.
re
se
a
rc
h
w
o
rk
s
u
n
d
e
r
th
e
Ch
in
e
se
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
S
c
h
o
lars
h
i
p
s
(CG
S
)
P
ro
g
ra
m
a
t
Ch
o
n
g
q
in
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
P
o
sts
a
n
d
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
Ch
o
n
g
q
i
n
g
,
Ch
in
a
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
li
e
s
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
e
d
g
e
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
-
b
a
se
d
Io
T
sy
ste
m
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.