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,
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d
s
il
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[
1
]
.
B
esid
es,
th
e
ex
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s
ten
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o
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m
ica
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m
at
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ca
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n
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ated
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t i
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s
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t
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as to
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f
ied
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io
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s
d
is
aster
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th
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co
m
m
u
n
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t
y
[
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
en
s
o
r
w
h
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u
s
ed
to
m
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lled
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tu
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ates
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ar
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tter
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tr
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s
m
itti
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g
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n
th
e
s
tr
ai
g
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t
w
a
y
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
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ticl
es
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as
ca
u
s
ed
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to
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tter
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y
[
3
]
.
I
n
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itio
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,
th
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ex
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s
te
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ce
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f
co
lo
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c
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ated
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ater
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ab
s
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th
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ig
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B
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ased
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ater
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ased
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at
9
0
° f
r
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t p
ath
[
4
]
.
P
r
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to
m
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r
ap
h
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s
w
ell
-
k
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p
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ito
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atic
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[
5
]
.
I
t
is
v
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to
ac
q
u
ir
e
in
f
o
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m
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tio
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ab
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u
t
t
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lo
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av
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n
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h
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co
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t
o
f
d
esig
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in
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co
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v
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in
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eq
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ip
m
en
t.
T
h
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s
ig
n
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f
ica
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t
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v
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ta
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f
u
s
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tech
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p
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tu
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p
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ar
o
u
n
d
an
d
o
u
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id
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th
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p
ip
elin
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s
[
6
]
.
B
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t
h
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co
m
p
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f
to
m
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r
ap
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y
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
1
4
:
15
3
–
16
1
154
m
et
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T
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w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
i
n
ce
it
ca
n
n
o
t
m
e
asu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tl
y
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
p
ip
e
an
d
h
as
d
is
t
u
r
b
ed
th
e
f
lo
w
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
a
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
y
s
te
m
u
s
in
g
o
p
tical
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
is
elab
o
r
ated
an
d
p
r
eli
m
in
ar
y
r
es
u
lt
r
ev
ea
led
t
h
at
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ca
n
esti
m
ated
th
e
tu
r
b
id
it
y
le
v
el
o
f
w
ater
in
th
e
p
ip
elin
es
b
ased
o
n
an
o
p
tical
atten
u
atio
n
m
o
d
el.
2.
SE
NSO
R
M
O
DE
L
L
I
N
G
T
h
e
f
an
b
ea
m
p
r
o
j
ec
ti
o
n
is
ap
p
lied
w
it
h
1
8
x
1
8
p
ix
els
as
ea
ch
p
ix
el
r
ep
r
esen
ted
th
e
o
p
tical
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
(
α
)
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
ab
s
o
r
p
ti
o
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
i
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
b
as
ed
o
n
th
e
m
ed
i
u
m
w
h
er
e
th
e
l
ig
h
t
i
s
tr
an
s
m
itted
.
I
f
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
i
s
air
,
th
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
α
a
=
0
.
0
1
4
2
m
m
-
1
an
d
f
o
r
w
ater
,
α
w
=
0
.
0
2
8
7
mm
-
1
[
4
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
B
ee
r
-
L
a
m
b
er
t’
s
la
w
,
th
e
m
o
d
el
ca
n
b
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as:
l
V
V
A
in
m
ln
(
1)
w
h
er
e
A
is
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
ab
s
o
r
b
an
ce
,
V
m
is
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
i
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
v
o
lta
g
e,
V
in
is
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
r
ec
eiv
er
w
h
e
n
th
er
e
i
s
n
o
b
ea
m
at
ten
u
a
tio
n
(
e
m
p
t
y
p
ip
e)
,
α
is
t
h
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t o
f
l
iq
u
id
m
ed
iu
m
(
m
m
-
1
)
an
d
l
is
th
e
p
at
h
len
g
t
h
o
f
liq
u
id
m
e
d
iu
m
(
m
m
)
.
E
q
u
at
io
n
(
1
)
ca
n
b
e
ex
p
r
ess
ed
as:
l
V
V
in
m
e
x
p
(
2)
W
h
en
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
ar
e
s
w
itc
h
ed
o
n
,
t
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
d
etec
t
o
n
e
o
r
m
o
r
e
lig
h
t
s
ig
n
al(
s
)
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
,
esp
ec
iall
y
w
h
e
n
li
g
h
t
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
w
ate
r
as
th
e
m
ed
i
u
m
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
ich
i
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
r
ef
lec
tio
n
t
h
at
o
cc
u
r
s
b
et
w
ee
n
l
ig
h
t
a
n
d
w
ater
.
Fro
m
E
q
u
atio
n
(
2
)
,
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
a
t a
r
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
s
en
s
o
r
d
if
f
er
s
,
w
h
ic
h
r
elies o
n
t
h
e
l
ig
h
t
in
te
n
s
it
y
s
e
n
s
ed
b
y
th
e
r
ec
ei
v
er
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
ec
eiv
er
1
(
R
X1
)
is
d
etec
ti
n
g
li
g
h
t
f
r
o
m
a
ll
ei
g
h
tee
n
tr
an
s
m
i
tter
s
.
T
h
e
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
a
n
d
s
ig
n
al
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
ea
c
h
r
ec
eiv
er
is
ex
p
lain
ed
i
n
th
e
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
tal
r
es
u
lt p
ar
t.
1
,
2
1
,
1
1
,
3
1
,
4
1
,
5
1
,
7
1
,
6
1
,
8
1
,
9
1
,
1
0
1
,
1
2
1
,
1
1
1
,
1
3
1
,
1
4
1
,
1
5
1
,
1
6
1
,
1
7
1
,
1
8
2
,
2
2
,
1
2
,
3
2
,
4
2
,
5
2
,
7
2
,
6
2
,
8
2
,
9
2
,
1
0
2
,
1
2
2
,
1
1
2
,
1
3
2
,
1
4
2
,
1
5
2
,
1
6
2
,
1
7
2
,
1
8
3
,
2
3
,
1
α
3
9
3
,
4
3
,
5
3
,
7
3
,
6
3
,
8
3
,
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3
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0
3
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3
3
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,
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3
,
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3
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8
α
5
6
4
,
1
4
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3
4
,
4
4
,
5
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,
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4
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6
4
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1
0
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,
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,
1
6
4
,
1
7
4
,
1
8
5
,
2
5
,
1
5
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3
5
,
4
5
,
5
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,
7
5
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6
5
,
8
5
,
9
5
,
1
0
5
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1
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,
1
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5
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5
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,
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1
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2
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IJ
-
I
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SS
N:
2252
-
8776
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3
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Sig
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
1
4
:
15
3
–
16
1
156
T
h
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ig
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as h
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ate
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d
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L
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[
1
3
]
.
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h
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t
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s
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l
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n
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itio
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n
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h
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o
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m
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ce
a
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ata
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ac
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is
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te
m
(
D
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Q)
h
as
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g
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al
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o
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r
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e
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E
XP
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R
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M
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NT
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L
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AND
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L
YS
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S
T
h
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r
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f
th
e
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
t
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to
in
v
es
tig
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te
th
e
o
p
tical
p
ath
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
tr
an
s
m
i
t
ter
to
th
e
r
ec
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h
e
ex
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er
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m
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u
s
ed
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o
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cillo
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p
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l
s
e
d
u
r
atio
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o
f
t
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e
s
ig
n
al.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
i
n
th
e
p
r
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u
s
p
a
r
t,
th
e
p
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ls
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d
u
r
atio
n
f
o
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ch
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itter
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s
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et
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n
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if
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er
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n
t
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alu
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s
i
n
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r
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th
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er
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o
f
t
h
e
s
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g
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als.
T
h
e
L
ab
VI
E
W
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
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u
s
ed
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ca
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tu
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th
e
w
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v
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
ea
c
h
r
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er
.
Fig
u
r
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6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
a
m
p
li
tu
d
e
v
er
s
u
s
ti
m
e
f
o
r
r
ec
eiv
er
1
(
R
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.
Fig
u
r
e
6
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
s
f
r
o
m
all
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n
s
m
it
ter
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e
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etec
ted
b
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er
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w
e
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er
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s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
s
i
g
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w
i
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h
i
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h
e
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m
p
lit
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(
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lt)
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is
p
la
y
ed
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n
th
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g
r
ap
h
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f
r
o
m
tr
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s
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itter
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tr
an
s
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tter
1
0
(
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,
tr
an
s
m
itter
1
1
(
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)
an
d
tr
a
n
s
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itter
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ac
h
tr
a
n
s
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itter
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ep
r
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ts
9
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s
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s
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y
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ar
e
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l
ac
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r
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n
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o
f
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h
is
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ea
s
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i
v
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ain
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1
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s
h
o
w
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t
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lu
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t
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ican
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o
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ly
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t
h
i
s
w
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ca
u
s
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b
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t
h
e
r
ef
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o
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th
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h
t
,
w
h
ic
h
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la
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s
a
n
i
m
p
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r
tan
t
r
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to
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lig
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t
p
ath
,
esp
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iall
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i
f
th
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lig
h
t
is
tr
an
s
m
itted
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a
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w
ater
m
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iu
m
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h
e
ex
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im
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t
s
f
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u
cted
w
h
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t
h
e
r
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lt is
co
m
p
iled
in
t
h
e
T
ab
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
.
R
esu
lt o
f
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
d
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t b
y
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eiv
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R
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e
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v
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r
T
r
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n
smit
t
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r
(
ms)
1
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1
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1
1
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1
2
2
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1
1
,
1
2
,
1
3
3
1
1
,
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2
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1
3
,
1
4
4
1
2
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3
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1
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5
5
1
3
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1
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5
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6
6
1
4
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1
5
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6
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1
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7
1
5
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6
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7
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8
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6
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1
7
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8
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1
7
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8
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10
1
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11
1
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2
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3
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4
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13
3
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4
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5
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6
14
4
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5
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6
,
7
15
5
,
6
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7
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16
6
,
7
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8
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17
7
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8
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9
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1
0
18
8
,
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,
1
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1
1
Fro
m
T
ab
le
1
,
th
e
r
esu
lt
f
o
r
th
e
o
th
er
r
ec
eiv
er
s
s
h
o
w
s
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
as
th
e
R
X1
.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
tr
an
s
m
itted
co
u
ld
b
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
a
r
ec
ei
v
er
w
h
ich
lo
ca
ted
in
a
n
g
le
o
f
3
0
°
in
f
r
o
n
t
to
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
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h
e
am
p
lit
u
d
e
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
to
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
3
also
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
ea
ch
r
ec
ei
v
er
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al
m
o
s
t
to
b
e
eq
u
al
to
3
.
7
Vo
lt.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
e
th
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
en
s
e
is
5
Vo
lt,
w
h
ich
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ed
b
y
P
I
C
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
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h
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
is
h
ap
p
en
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
o
p
tical
en
er
g
y
a
tten
u
ate
s
w
h
e
n
th
e
lig
h
t
p
as
s
es
to
th
e
w
ater
m
ed
i
u
m
.
I
t
i
s
e
x
p
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te
d
th
at
th
e
li
g
h
t
p
ath
w
ill
h
a
v
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m
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e
r
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tan
ce
w
h
e
n
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ass
es
t
h
r
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g
h
t
h
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n
ta
m
i
n
ated
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ater
.
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h
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o
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th
e
v
o
lta
g
e
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al
u
e
at
t
h
e
r
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r
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h
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m
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f
co
lo
u
r
f
lav
o
u
r
i
n
to
th
e
p
u
r
e
w
ater
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
Op
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l
To
mo
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r
a
p
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S
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fig
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(
Mo
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157
T
h
e
an
al
y
s
is
f
o
r
o
th
er
r
ec
eiv
e
r
s
is
co
n
t
in
u
e
d
to
r
ec
eiv
er
2
(
R
X2
)
.
Fro
m
Fi
g
u
r
e
7
,
th
e
p
u
l
s
e
d
u
r
atio
n
d
etec
ted
b
y
R
X2
is
f
r
o
m
T
X1
0
,
T
X1
1
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T
X1
2
an
d
T
X1
3
w
h
ich
lo
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ted
o
p
p
o
s
ite
d
ir
ec
tly
t
o
R
X2
.
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ilar
to
R
X1
,
R
X2
also
ca
n
r
ec
eiv
e
t
h
e
lig
h
t
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
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u
e
to
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h
t r
ef
r
ac
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io
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a
n
d
s
ca
t
ter
in
g
b
u
t t
h
e
le
v
el
o
f
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h
t
i
n
te
n
s
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y
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n
o
t
h
i
g
h
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
ar
e
lo
ca
t
ed
in
in
d
ir
ec
t
p
lace
to
tr
a
n
s
m
i
t
th
e
li
g
h
t
s
to
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I
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
to
F
ig
u
r
e
2
3
,
t
h
e
lev
el
o
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t
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te
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it
y
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p
r
ess
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m
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lit
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d
e
o
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v
o
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g
e.
T
h
e
h
i
g
h
v
alu
e
o
f
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o
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e
d
i
s
p
la
y
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y
th
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u
l
s
e
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n
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itio
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f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
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6
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g
u
r
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2
3
,
it
ca
n
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e
p
r
o
v
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th
at
e
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h
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i
s
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p
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t
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r
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n
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s
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ic
h
ar
e
in
t
h
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p
u
l
s
e
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ig
n
al
f
o
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m
.
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h
e
f
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r
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ta
n
t si
g
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ated
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IJ
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2252
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Op
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5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
I
n
th
i
s
p
ap
er
,
an
o
p
tical
to
m
o
g
r
ap
h
y
s
en
s
o
r
co
n
f
i
g
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r
atio
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o
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esti
m
ati
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g
t
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tu
r
b
id
it
y
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o
f
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ate
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h
as
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ee
n
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r
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ted
.
T
h
e
r
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lts
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tain
ed
p
r
o
v
ed
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at
th
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p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
is
ef
f
icie
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t
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d
ac
cu
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ate
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m
ati
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t
h
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u
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n
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if
ica
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t
f
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t
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r
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h
ic
h
is
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ased
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n
o
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tical
to
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o
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ap
h
y
.
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r
th
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t
u
d
y
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n
d
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atio
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o
f
th
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d
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en
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a
s
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t
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r
tu
r
b
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y
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s
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r
e
m
e
n
t
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
p
tical
atten
u
atio
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co
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ce
p
t is in
p
r
o
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r
ess
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
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NT
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h
e
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th
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s
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o
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h
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Min
i
s
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y
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Hi
g
h
er
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
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l
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y
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ia
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n
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Un
i
v
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iti
T
ek
n
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Ma
la
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i
a
u
n
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er
th
e
GUP
R
e
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ea
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ch
Vo
te
0
1
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0
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o
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p
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n
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r
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ce
s
i
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ca
r
r
y
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n
g
o
u
t t
h
is
r
esear
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
A
.
F
.
B.
Om
a
r
a
n
d
M
.
Z.
B.
M
a
tj
a
f
ri,
“
T
u
rb
id
im
e
ter
De
sig
n
a
n
d
A
n
a
ly
sis:
A
Re
v
ie
w
o
n
Op
ti
c
a
l
F
i
b
e
r
S
e
n
so
rs
f
o
r
th
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
Wate
r
T
u
rb
id
it
y
,
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e
n
so
rs
,
Vo
l.
9
,
No
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
8
3
1
1
–
8
3
3
5
,
Ja
n
.
2
0
0
9
.
[2
]
A
.
G
a
rc
ia,
M
.
A
.
P
e
re
z
,
G
.
J.
G
.
O.
Orte
g
a
,
a
n
d
J.
T
.
Diz
y
,
“
A
Ne
w
De
si
g
n
o
f
L
o
w
-
Co
st
F
o
u
r
-
Be
a
m
T
u
rb
id
im
e
ter
b
y
u
sin
g
Op
ti
c
a
l
F
ib
e
rs,”
IEE
E
T
ra
n
sc
a
ti
o
n
s
o
f
I
n
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
V
o
l.
5
6
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
9
0
7
–
9
1
2
,
2
0
0
7
.
[3
]
E.
Ró
d
e
n
a
s
-
T
o
rra
lb
a
,
A
.
M
o
ra
les
-
Ru
b
i
o
,
A
.
F
.
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a
v
o
ra
n
te,
B.
F
.
D
o
s
Re
is,
a
n
d
M
.
d
e
la
G
u
a
rd
ia,
“
M
icro
p
u
m
p
in
g
M
u
lt
ico
m
m
u
tatio
n
T
u
rb
i
d
im
e
tri
c
A
n
a
l
y
si
s o
f
Wate
rs,”
T
a
la
n
t
a
,
Vo
l.
7
3
,
p
p
.
7
4
2
–
7
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
7
.
[4
]
P
.
A
ies
tar
a
n
,
J.
A
rru
e
,
a
n
d
J.
Zu
b
ia,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
a
S
e
n
so
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
P
las
ti
c
Op
ti
c
a
l
F
ib
re
(
P
OF)
t
o
M
e
a
su
re
F
lu
i
d
F
lo
w
a
n
d
T
u
rb
i
d
it
y
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
,
V
o
l
.
9
,
p
p
.
3
7
9
0
–
3
8
0
0
,
2
0
0
9
.
[5
]
S
.
Ib
ra
h
im
,
M
.
A
.
M
.
Yu
n
u
s,
R
.
G
.
G
r
e
e
n
,
a
n
d
K
.
Du
t
to
n
,
“
Co
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
ts
o
f
Bu
b
b
les
in
a
W
a
ter
Co
lu
m
n
u
sin
g
a
n
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
S
y
ste
m
.
,
”
IS
A
T
ra
n
sa
c
ti
o
n
s
,
Vo
l.
5
1
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
8
2
1
–
8
2
6
,
No
v
.
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
R.
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
im
,
K.
T
.
Ch
ia
m
,
M
.
J.
P
u
sp
p
a
n
a
th
a
n
,
S
u
sia
p
a
n
,
a
n
d
Y.
S
h
a
a
n
-
L
i,
“
Em
b
e
d
d
e
d
S
y
ste
m
Ba
se
d
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
:
T
h
e
Co
n
c
e
n
tratio
n
P
r
o
f
il
e
,
”
S
e
n
so
r R
e
v
iew
,
n
o
.
2
9
(1
),
p
p
.
5
4
–
6
2
,
2
0
0
9
.
[7
]
Y.
Zh
e
n
g
a
n
d
Q.
L
iu
,
“
Re
v
ie
w
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
th
e
M
a
ss
F
l
o
w
Ra
te
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
o
f
P
n
e
u
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
Co
n
v
e
y
e
d
S
o
li
d
s,”
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
V
o
l
.
4
4
,
N
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
5
8
9
–
6
0
4
,
2
0
1
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
3
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
1
4
:
15
3
–
16
1
160
[8
]
R.
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
im
,
K.
S
.
Ch
a
n
,
J.
F
.
P
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
L
.
C.
L
e
o
n
g
,
“
A
H
a
rd
w
a
re
De
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
S
y
st
e
m
u
sin
g
S
w
it
c
h
M
o
d
e
F
a
n
Be
a
m
P
ro
jec
ti
o
n
,
”
S
e
n
so
rs
a
n
d
Actu
a
t
o
rs
A:
Ph
y
sic
a
l
,
V
o
l
.
1
2
0
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
2
7
7
–
2
9
0
,
A
p
r.
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
W.
M
in
g
sh
e
n
g
,
T
.
M
i
n
m
in
g
,
H.
Jif
e
i,
C.
L
i,
a
n
d
X
.
Jie
,
“
De
tec
ti
o
n
o
f
Co
a
l
Du
st
in
a
M
i
n
e
u
sin
g
O
p
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
”
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
M
in
in
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l
.
2
2
,
p
p
.
5
2
3
–
5
2
7
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
0
]
Y.
Zh
e
n
g
a
n
d
Q.
L
iu
,
“
In
v
e
stig
a
ti
o
n
o
n
C
o
n
c
e
n
trati
o
n
Distri
b
u
t
io
n
a
n
d
M
a
ss
F
l
o
w
Ra
te
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t
f
o
r
G
ra
v
it
y
Ch
u
te C
o
n
v
e
y
o
r
b
y
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
S
y
ste
m
,
”
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
,
V
o
l
.
3
9
,
p
p
.
6
4
3
–
6
5
4
,
2
0
0
6
.
[1
1
]
S
.
Z.
M
o
h
d
M
u
ji
,
M
.
M
o
rsin
,
a
n
d
R.
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
im
,
“
Crit
e
ria
f
o
r
S
e
n
so
r
S
e
lec
ti
o
n
in
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
,
”
in
20
09
IEE
E
S
y
mp
o
siu
m
o
n
In
d
u
stri
a
l
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
&
Ap
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
,
2
0
0
9
,
n
o
.
Isie
a
,
p
p
.
5
1
0
–
5
1
4
.
[1
2
]
R.
A
b
d
u
l
Ra
h
im
,
J.
F
.
P
a
n
g
,
a
n
d
K.
S
.
Ch
a
n
,
“
Op
ti
c
a
l
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
S
e
n
so
r
Co
n
f
ig
u
ra
ti
o
n
u
sin
g
Tw
o
Orth
o
g
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
T
w
o
Re
c
ti
li
n
e
a
r
P
ro
jec
ti
o
n
A
rra
y
s,”
Fl
o
w
M
e
a
su
re
me
n
t
a
n
d
In
stru
me
n
t
a
ti
o
n
,
V
o
l.
1
6
,
No
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
2
7
–
3
4
0
,
Oc
t.
2
0
0
5
.
[1
3
]
M
.
A
.
M
d
Yu
n
u
s,
“
Im
a
g
in
g
o
f
S
o
li
d
F
l
o
w
in
a
G
r
a
v
it
y
F
lo
w
Ri
g
u
sin
g
In
f
ra
-
Re
d
T
o
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
”
M
a
ste
r
T
h
e
sis,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
S
k
u
d
a
i,
2
0
0
5
.
BI
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
o
h
d
T
a
u
f
iq
M
o
h
d
Kh
a
iri
w
a
s
b
o
rn
o
n
8
th
o
f
S
e
p
te
m
b
e
r
1
9
8
8
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(El
e
c
tri
c
a
l)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
2
0
1
1
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
f
u
rth
e
r
h
i
s
stu
d
y
in
M
a
ste
rs
d
e
g
re
e
in
th
e
sa
m
e
in
stit
u
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
Co
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtme
n
t,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
s
e
a
rc
h
in
tere
st
in
c
l
u
d
e
s
p
r
o
c
e
ss
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
a
n
d
se
n
sin
g
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
S
a
ll
e
h
u
d
d
i
n
Ib
ra
h
im
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
p
r
o
c
e
ss
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
f
ro
m
S
h
e
ff
ield
Ha
ll
a
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
S
h
e
f
f
i
e
ld
,
U.K.,
in
2
0
0
1
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
A
ss
o
c
iat
e
P
r
o
f
e
ss
o
r
w
it
h
th
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
l
o
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
,
S
k
u
d
a
i,
M
a
lay
sia
.
He
h
a
s
p
u
b
li
sh
e
d
se
v
e
ra
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
j
o
u
rn
a
ls.
He
h
a
s
p
re
se
n
ted
p
a
p
e
rs
in
v
a
rio
u
s
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
,
se
n
s
o
rs,
a
n
d
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
.
M
o
h
d
Am
ri
M
d
Yu
n
u
s
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
(h
o
n
o
rs)
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
c
o
n
tr
o
l
a
n
d
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
t
h
e
M
.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
ri
n
g
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
,
S
k
u
d
a
i,
M
a
lay
sia
,
in
2
0
0
2
a
n
d
2
0
0
5
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
M
a
ss
e
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
P
a
lm
e
rsto
n
No
r
th
,
Ne
w
Z
e
a
lan
d
,
in
2
0
1
1
.
His
d
isse
rtatio
n
is
ti
t
led
“
P
lan
a
r
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
s
e
n
so
rs
f
o
r
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
tal
m
o
n
it
o
ri
n
g
.
”
He
jo
in
e
d
th
e
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
,
a
s
a
L
e
c
tu
re
r
in
2
0
0
6
.
His
c
u
r
re
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
t
e
re
sts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
p
lan
a
r
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
se
n
so
rs,
a
n
d
se
n
si
n
g
te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
M
o
h
d
Na
jm
i
M
o
h
d
S
u
laim
a
n
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
B.
En
g
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(E
lec
tri
c
a
l)
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
si
a
in
2
0
1
1
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
i
n
t
e
re
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
c
h
a
rg
e
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
,
in
stru
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
se
n
so
r.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
Op
tica
l
To
mo
g
r
a
p
h
y
S
en
s
o
r
C
o
n
fig
u
r
a
tio
n
…
(
Mo
h
d
Ta
u
fiq
Mo
h
d
K
h
a
ir
i)
161
M
a
h
d
i
F
a
ra
m
a
rz
i
re
c
e
i
v
e
d
h
is
B.
En
g
d
e
g
re
e
in
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
(2
0
0
4
)
a
n
d
M
.
S
c
in
c
o
n
tr
o
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(2
0
1
0
)
f
ro
m
S
h
a
h
id
Ba
h
o
n
a
r
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
n
a
n
d
G
o
n
a
b
a
d
A
z
a
d
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
,
Ira
n
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rsu
in
g
h
is
P
h
.
D’s
d
e
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
n
tro
l
a
n
d
M
e
c
h
a
tro
n
ic
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
la
y
sia
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
s
o
f
in
tere
st
a
r
e
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
rti
f
icia
l
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
f
u
z
z
y
s
y
ste
m
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
in
u
lt
ra
s
o
n
ic
p
ro
c
e
ss
to
m
o
g
ra
p
h
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.