I
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l J
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f
I
nfo
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m
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t
ics a
nd
Co
mm
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hn
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(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
201
5
,
p
p
.
1
31
~
1
3
6
I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
131
J
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w
it
h
jo
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o
p
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.
K
ey
w
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d
:
I
n
f
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m
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tio
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s
y
s
te
m
p
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a
m
m
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t
w
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en
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ee
r
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p
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rig
h
t
©
2
0
1
5
In
stit
u
te o
f
A
d
v
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n
c
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d
E
n
g
i
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e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
.
Al
l
rig
h
ts
re
se
rv
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d
.
C
o
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s
p
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nd
ing
A
uth
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r
:
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h
a
m
m
ad
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Mu
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latu
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Dep
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ak
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5
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2
8
Selay
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g
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g
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r
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Ma
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m
ail:
iq
b
al
m
s
.
iq
b
al@
g
m
ail.
c
o
m
1.
I
NT
RO
DU
CT
I
O
N
No
w
a
d
a
y
s
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
h
a
s
b
e
co
m
e
a
p
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f
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b
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s
i
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ess
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v
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Mo
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to
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.
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n
f
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m
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a
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b
e
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in
ed
.
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h
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s
tr
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m
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f
i
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f
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tio
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f
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m
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e
n
ti
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y
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an
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ti
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p
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T
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s
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an
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ac
cu
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ac
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la
y
s
i
m
p
o
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tan
t
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les.
C
o
m
p
u
ter
s
o
f
t
w
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is
o
n
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o
f
th
e
tec
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n
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ies
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h
at
a
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s
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ese
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al
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k
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d
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s
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f
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w
ar
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[
1
]
.
2.
B
ACK
G
RO
UN
D
T
h
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
co
m
p
u
ter
p
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er
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ill
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c
r
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s
e
in
lin
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w
it
h
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n
d
u
s
tr
ial
d
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t.
T
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m
an
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p
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y
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p
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er
.
I
n
2
0
2
0
Am
er
ica
w
h
ic
h
is
co
u
n
tr
y
w
h
er
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co
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p
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ter
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tr
o
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p
p
o
r
tu
n
i
t
y
a
s
a
p
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g
r
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m
m
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[
3
]
.
On
t
h
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a
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,
ac
c
o
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d
in
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to
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s
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1
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est
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in
2
0
1
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,
an
d
th
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No
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1
j
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b
o
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th
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9
in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
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Vo
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4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
1
5
:
1
31
–
1
3
6
132
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
P
r
o
g
r
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m
m
er
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j
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b
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p
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it
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in
Am
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2
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2
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3
.
L
I
T
E
RAT
URE R
E
V
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W
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to
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ill.
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h
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p
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h
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w
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ir
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.
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1
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en
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f
f
er
co
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p
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ter
p
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r
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class
[
3
]
.
T
h
u
s
i
t is d
if
f
ic
u
lt f
o
r
h
o
p
i
n
g
f
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p
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n
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o
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w
a
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to
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p
r
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r
a
m
m
in
g
i
s
in
d
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n
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in
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.
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d
en
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o
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ask
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n
o
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ar
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s
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r
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s
a
m
p
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co
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iler
,
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d
ex
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t p
r
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r
a
m
m
er
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h
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ar
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p
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r
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d
th
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p
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m
a
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d
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f
p
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m
er
s
.
T
h
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w
h
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le
m
tr
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s
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b
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p
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a
w
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s
ite
f
o
r
p
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p
le
to
lear
n
p
r
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g
r
a
m
m
in
g
.
No
wad
ay
s
w
e
ca
n
lear
n
p
r
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g
r
am
m
i
n
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
w
eb
s
ite.
B
elo
w
,
1
0
ex
a
m
p
le
p
lace
s
p
eo
p
le
ca
n
lear
n
to
c
o
d
e,
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
Mitc
h
R
es
n
ick
,
w
h
o
s
p
o
k
e
at
T
E
Dx
B
ea
co
n
Stre
et
in
No
v
e
m
b
er
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
.
1.
At
C
o
d
ec
ad
e
m
y
,
y
o
u
ca
n
ta
k
e
less
o
n
s
o
n
w
r
iti
n
g
s
i
m
p
le
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
i
n
J
av
aScr
ip
t,
HT
ML
a
n
d
C
SS
,
P
y
t
h
o
n
a
n
d
R
u
b
y
.
(
See
th
i
s
N
ew
Yo
r
k
T
imes
p
iece
f
r
o
m
l
ast
Ma
r
ch
,
o
n
C
o
d
ec
ad
e
m
y
a
n
d
o
th
er
co
d
e
-
teac
h
i
n
g
s
ites
,
f
o
r
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
lan
d
s
ca
p
e.
)
2.
On
e
o
f
m
a
n
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
g
ea
r
ed
to
w
ar
d
f
e
m
ale
s
w
h
o
w
an
t
to
co
d
e,
Gir
l
Dev
elo
p
I
t
is
an
i
n
ter
n
at
io
n
a
l
n
o
n
p
r
o
f
it t
h
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
e
n
to
r
s
h
ip
an
d
i
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
3.
Stan
f
o
r
d
Un
iv
er
s
it
y
’
s
Ud
ac
it
y
is
o
n
e
o
f
m
a
n
y
s
ites
t
h
at
m
a
k
e
co
lleg
e
co
u
r
s
es
—
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
I
n
tr
o
d
u
ctio
n
to
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scien
ce
-
a
v
ailab
le
o
n
li
n
e
f
o
r
f
r
ee
.
[
2
]
T
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
v
id
i
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b
Ma
tch
in
g
P
o
r
tal
.
b.
Ke
y
P
ar
tn
er
s
Fo
r
th
e
I
n
teg
r
ated
On
l
in
e
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
an
d
J
o
b
Ma
tch
in
g
P
o
r
tal
b
u
s
in
ess
m
o
d
el,
k
e
y
p
ar
tn
er
s
in
cl
u
d
e
m
aj
o
r
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
co
m
p
an
ies,
r
eg
io
n
al
as
w
el
l
as
n
atio
n
al,
u
n
i
v
er
s
itie
s
,
ce
r
t
if
icatio
n
p
r
o
v
id
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
a
l
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
e
r
s
.
T
o
ap
p
ea
l
t
o
a
w
id
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
co
n
s
u
m
er
tast
e
s
,
I
n
teg
r
ated
On
lin
e
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
J
o
b
Ma
tch
in
g
P
o
r
tal
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
ac
ce
s
s
to
n
atio
n
al
n
a
m
e
b
r
an
d
s
a
n
d
p
len
t
y
o
f
s
er
v
ices.
C
o
lleg
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
in
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
O
n
li
n
e
P
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
P
o
r
tal
w
h
ile
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
en
ef
it
s
f
o
r
it
s
elf
as
w
ell
as
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
r
tal.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
s
i
n
c
e
w
e
ar
e
h
av
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
co
m
p
a
n
ie
s
a
s
a
m
aj
o
r
p
ar
tn
er
,
th
er
e
is
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
to
co
n
n
ec
t
y
o
u
to
a
j
o
b
p
o
o
l.
c.
Ke
y
A
cti
v
itie
s
T
h
e
On
li
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
o
r
tal
s
p
en
d
s
p
le
n
t
y
o
f
ti
m
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
lear
n
in
g
p
lat
f
o
r
m
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
m
ak
in
g
it
m
o
r
e
u
s
e
f
u
l
a
n
d
co
n
v
e
n
ie
n
t
(
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
w
eb
s
ite
d
esig
n
)
a
n
d
f
in
d
i
n
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
itie
s
to
m
a
k
e
it
clo
s
e
r
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
a
m
iliar
w
ith
t
h
e
m
.
Un
iv
er
s
ities
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
en
co
u
r
ag
i
n
g
cu
s
to
m
er
s
to
u
s
e
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
lear
n
in
g
o
n
li
n
e
p
o
r
tals
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
u
s
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
wa
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
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I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
MOC
A
:
Ma
la
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n
On
lin
e
C
o
d
in
g
A
ca
d
emy
(
Mu
h
a
mma
d
I
q
b
a
l)
135
k
n
o
w
led
g
ea
b
le
u
s
er
.
MO
C
A
is
co
m
i
n
g
u
p
w
it
h
n
e
w
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
f
o
r
cu
s
to
m
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p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
w
h
ile
d
e
s
ig
n
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n
g
,
m
ak
in
g
&
d
eliv
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i
n
g
a
p
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o
d
u
ct
in
s
u
p
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alit
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d.
Ke
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R
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s
o
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Ke
y
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s
o
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ce
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ar
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t
h
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m
o
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t
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m
p
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tan
t
as
s
ets
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eq
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ir
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t
o
m
a
k
e
a
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
m
o
d
el
w
o
r
k
.
Ke
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ca
n
b
e
p
h
y
s
ical,
f
in
an
cial,
in
tellect
u
al,
o
r
h
u
m
an
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
l
y
w
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ev
e
r
al
tip
s
o
f
o
u
r
k
e
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
cl
u
d
in
g
s
er
v
er
,
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
(
an
al
y
s
t,
d
esig
n
er
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
,
test
er
)
an
d
m
o
n
e
y
.
S
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
o
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tals
ar
e
ab
le
to
lev
er
ag
e
th
e
b
r
an
d
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
a
m
o
n
g
cu
s
to
m
er
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
,
w
h
ich
i
s
b
u
ilt
u
p
th
r
o
u
g
h
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
ac
ti
v
itie
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
w
e
ar
e
lo
o
k
i
n
g
to
p
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v
id
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t o
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r
p
o
r
tal
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
en
g
i
n
ee
r
s
.
e.
Valu
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
Ou
r
v
a
lu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
s
ar
e
b
ased
o
n
s
o
l
v
in
g
t
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
s
’
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
a
n
d
lo
o
k
i
n
g
f
o
r
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
m
.
Ou
r
p
o
r
tal
d
eliv
er
s
t
h
e
b
u
n
d
le
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts
a
n
d
s
er
v
ices
th
a
t
cr
ea
te
v
alu
e
to
cu
s
to
m
er
s
,
w
h
ile
m
ak
in
g
th
e
m
s
atis
f
ied
.
I
t
en
co
u
r
ag
e
s
p
eo
p
le
to
lea
r
n
c
o
d
in
g
as
w
ell
as
teac
h
i
n
g
co
d
in
g
o
t
h
er
s
.
B
e
y
o
n
d
th
at,
t
h
e
f
u
r
th
er
v
al
u
es
w
h
ic
h
w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
ed
ar
e:
p
r
o
d
u
ce
p
eo
p
le
w
it
h
h
i
g
h
co
m
p
eten
c
y
a
t
lo
w
co
s
t,
lear
n
er
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
al
u
at
io
n
,
ea
s
e
co
m
p
an
y
to
g
et
co
m
p
e
ten
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
a
n
d
j
o
b
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
at
c
h
in
g
.
O
u
r
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
is
th
e
r
ea
s
o
n
w
h
y
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
t
u
r
n
to
o
u
r
co
m
p
an
y
o
v
e
r
an
o
th
er
.
f.
C
u
s
to
m
er
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
C
u
s
to
m
er
R
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
s
d
ee
p
ly
i
n
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
c
u
s
to
m
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
th
e
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
o
r
tal
is
m
o
s
tl
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
d
ir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
w
eb
s
ite
an
d
e
m
ail.
W
h
en
e
v
er
,
a
q
u
esti
o
n
is
p
o
s
ted
b
y
a
u
s
er
,
h
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
ab
le
to
g
et
a
co
r
r
ec
t
an
d
co
n
v
e
n
ien
t
an
s
w
er
s
h
o
r
tl
y
.
Dir
ec
t
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
g
i
v
es
a
b
ett
er
i
m
p
r
ess
io
n
ab
o
u
t
t
h
e
p
o
r
tal
its
el
f
,
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
e
a
n
s
w
er
s
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
f
o
r
p
ay
i
n
g
atte
n
tio
n
to
a
cu
s
to
m
er
an
d
p
lacin
g
h
i
m
at
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
.
B
asically
,
w
e
w
o
u
ld
b
e
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
2
ca
teg
o
r
ies o
f
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
a
u
to
m
ated
s
er
v
ices a
n
d
co
m
m
u
n
itie
s
.
g.
C
h
a
n
n
els
C
h
a
n
n
els
ar
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
to
u
c
h
p
o
in
t
s
t
h
at
p
la
y
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
r
o
le
i
n
t
h
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
C
h
a
n
n
el
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
d
escr
i
b
es
h
o
w
th
e
i
n
te
g
r
ated
o
n
li
n
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
o
r
tal
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
w
it
h
an
d
r
ea
c
h
es
o
u
r
C
u
s
to
m
er
Se
g
m
e
n
t
s
to
d
eliv
er
a
Valu
e
P
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
.
C
o
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
,
an
d
s
ales
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
co
m
p
r
is
e
t
h
e
p
o
r
tal
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
it
h
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
T
h
at
is
w
h
y
,
w
e
h
av
e
cr
ea
ted
th
e
w
eb
s
ite
as
m
ai
n
t
y
p
e
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
er
an
d
u
s
.
h.
C
u
s
to
m
er
Se
g
m
en
ts
C
u
s
to
m
er
s
co
m
p
r
is
e
th
e
h
ea
r
t
o
f
an
y
b
u
s
i
n
ess
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
C
u
s
to
m
er
Seg
m
e
n
ts
b
u
ild
in
g
b
lo
ck
d
ef
in
e
s
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
g
r
o
u
p
s
o
f
p
eo
p
le
o
r
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
a
n
en
ter
p
r
is
e
o
u
r
ai
m
s
to
r
ea
ch
an
d
s
er
v
e
w
h
ile
tar
g
eti
n
g
p
r
o
f
itab
le
cu
s
to
m
er
s
.
W
e
r
ea
ch
o
u
r
cu
s
to
m
er
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
ch
a
n
n
e
ls
.
Ou
r
cu
s
to
m
er
s
ar
e
s
o
r
t
o
f
Ma
s
s
m
ar
k
et:
b
ec
au
s
e
w
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
o
n
e
lar
g
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
c
u
s
to
m
er
s
w
it
h
b
r
o
ad
ly
s
i
m
ila
r
n
ee
d
s
/p
r
o
b
le
m
s
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
l
y
,
cu
s
to
m
er
s
w
h
ic
h
w
e
d
o
s
er
v
e
in
cl
u
d
e
:
all
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
co
m
p
a
n
ies
th
at
n
ee
d
a
n
I
T
p
er
s
o
n
,
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
lear
n
er
,
j
o
b
s
ee
k
er
s
an
d
j
o
b
h
ir
in
g
m
a
n
ag
er
s
.
5.
CO
NCLUS
I
O
N
T
o
c
o
n
clu
d
e,
it
is
in
e
v
itab
le
t
h
at
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
d
r
iv
es
a
n
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
r
o
le
in
o
u
r
d
ail
y
li
f
e,
e
v
en
e
v
er
y
m
an
u
al
s
y
s
te
m
h
as
c
h
a
n
g
ed
t
o
au
to
m
ate
th
eir
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
h
u
s
,
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
w
il
l
in
cr
ea
s
e
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
ay
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
a
n
d
h
o
w
ev
er
,
t
h
er
e
is
f
o
u
n
d
p
r
o
b
lem
t
o
ac
q
u
ir
e
d
ec
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
s
k
il
l,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
i
n
s
titu
te
i
n
clu
d
es
co
m
p
u
ter
i
n
th
eir
s
y
llab
u
s
.
Me
a
n
w
h
ile,
s
o
m
e
s
t
u
d
en
t
d
o
es
n
o
t
to
u
ch
a
n
y
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
i
n
g
s
u
b
j
ec
t.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
w
a
y
s
to
lear
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
is
b
y
s
elf
-
ta
u
g
h
t.
I
t
is
a
f
ac
t
th
at
s
el
f
-
tau
g
h
t
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
al
s
o
h
a
s
d
ec
en
t
s
k
ill
b
u
t
co
u
ld
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o
t
f
i
n
d
a
j
o
b
r
eg
ar
d
less
t
h
eir
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
s
k
il
l.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
ca
s
es
t
h
at
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
(
I
C
T
)
g
r
ad
u
ates
d
o
n
o
t
g
et
a
j
o
b
im
m
ed
iate
to
th
eir
g
r
ad
u
atio
n
.
T
o
tack
le
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
e
m
p
lo
y
ab
ilit
y
,
it
i
s
ad
v
is
ab
le
to
cr
ea
te
a
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
er
o
n
li
n
e
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
th
at
co
n
n
ec
t
p
r
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g
r
a
m
m
er
to
a
jo
b
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o
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l.
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h
er
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y
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co
m
p
an
ies
w
h
o
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ee
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I
T
p
r
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s
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ill
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l p
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ec
o
m
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ed
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y
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m
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u
n
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I
n
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ts
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ell,
MO
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s
ex
p
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ted
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tio
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ates
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s
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ec
iall
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g
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ates b
y
co
n
n
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t
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g
t
h
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m
to
co
m
p
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ies.
RE
F
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NC
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[1
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ttp
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.
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.