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2
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201
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,
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In
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tel,
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1.
I
NT
RO
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N
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o
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2
0
1
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t
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[
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ase
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[
2
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.
Ho
w
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t
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cr
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s
ig
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co
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[
2]
–
[
7
]
.
Fe
m
to
ce
lls
,
also
k
n
o
w
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a
s
h
o
m
e
b
ase
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t
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et
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s
u
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ter
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m
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en
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s
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o
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m
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o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Vo
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–
121
114
esp
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y
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[
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to
ce
lls
ar
e
also
ex
p
ec
ted
to
s
u
b
s
tan
tiall
y
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
p
er
ato
r
C
A
P
ital
E
Xp
en
d
itu
r
e
(
C
A
P
E
X)
an
d
Op
er
atio
n
al
E
Xp
en
d
itu
r
e
(
OP
E
X)
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
,
w
h
ic
h
ex
p
lai
n
s
t
h
e
g
r
ea
t
in
ter
est
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
ce
ll
u
lar
o
p
er
ato
r
s
d
e
p
lo
y
i
n
g
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
of
Fe
m
to
ce
ll
A
cc
es
s
P
o
in
ts
(
FA
P
s
)
,
h
a
s
a
f
f
ec
ted
ce
ll
u
la
r
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
w
h
ic
h
n
o
w
co
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
t
w
o
tier
s
o
r
la
y
er
s
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
t
ier
o
r
lay
er
is
t
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
h
ile
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tie
r
o
r
lay
er
is
t
h
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
T
h
e
n
e
w
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e
is
t
h
u
s
ca
l
led
t
wo
-
tier
o
r
t
w
o
-
la
y
er
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
r
ch
itect
u
r
e.
T
h
e
n
e
w
la
y
er
,
c
alled
th
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
la
y
er
is
a
n
u
n
p
la
n
n
ed
a
n
d
r
an
d
o
m
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
i
s
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
co
-
ch
an
n
el
f
as
h
io
n
,
w
h
ic
h
is
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
a
n
d
s
as
th
e
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll,
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
h
i
g
h
er
ca
p
ac
ity
.
T
h
is
in
r
etu
r
n
,
g
i
v
es
r
is
e
to
s
ev
er
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
ch
al
len
g
es
[
4
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
s
ca
n
n
e
g
ati
v
el
y
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
i
n
t
er
f
er
en
ce
w
h
ic
h
is
n
o
r
m
all
y
b
et
w
ee
n
a
f
e
m
to
ce
l
l
an
d
a
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
f
e
m
to
c
ell,
o
r
a
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
a
n
d
a
m
ac
r
o
-
ce
ll
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
r
co
m
p
letel
y
a
v
o
id
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
in
d
o
o
r
co
v
e
r
ag
e
an
d
h
en
ce
s
y
s
te
m
c
ap
ac
it
y
.
A
d
d
in
g
to
th
at
i
s
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tic
o
f
ad
-
h
o
c
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
m
i
g
h
t
elev
a
te
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
to
u
n
b
ea
r
ab
le
le
v
els,
r
en
d
er
in
g
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
in
e
f
f
ic
ien
t
a
n
d
s
o
m
et
i
m
e
s
u
n
u
s
ab
le.
Fin
al
l
y
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
n
a
tu
r
e
o
f
th
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
a
k
e
s
it
ev
en
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
i
n
g
.
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
iti
g
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
an
d
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
a
n
d
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
ch
alle
n
g
es
i
n
f
e
m
to
ce
llu
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
b
ec
au
s
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
s
s
h
ar
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
lice
n
s
ed
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
w
i
th
t
h
e
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
r
ad
io
r
eso
u
r
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
ce
ll
u
lar
s
y
s
te
m
ar
e
n
o
t
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
s
i
n
ce
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
s
is
r
an
d
o
m
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
u
s
er
s
’
s
er
v
ice
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t.
T
w
o
m
ai
n
t
y
p
es
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ex
is
t
i
n
a
t
w
o
-
tier
n
et
w
o
r
k
ar
ch
itect
u
r
e:
co
-
t
ier
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
a
n
d
cr
o
s
s
-
tier
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
.
T
h
e
co
-
tier
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
ele
m
en
ts
t
h
at
b
el
o
n
g
to
t
h
e
s
a
m
e
tier
o
r
la
y
er
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
[
4
]
.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
f
e
m
to
c
ells
,
it
is
t
h
e
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
u
s
ed
to
a
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
b
y
an
o
th
er
f
e
m
to
ce
ll.
U
s
u
al
l
y
t
h
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
s
ca
u
s
i
n
g
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
to
ea
ch
o
th
er
ar
e
i
m
m
e
d
iate
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
in
g
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
,
as
t
h
e
y
ar
e
clo
s
e
t
o
ea
ch
o
th
er
.
I
n
ca
s
e
o
f
d
en
s
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t,
w
h
er
e
th
er
e
m
i
g
h
t
b
e
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
eig
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
in
ter
f
er
in
g
,
th
e
o
v
er
all
in
ter
f
er
en
c
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
a
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
ca
n
b
e
v
er
y
h
i
g
h
.
T
h
e
co
-
tier
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
i
s
m
o
r
e
s
e
v
er
e
in
clo
s
ed
ac
ce
s
s
a
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
o
p
en
ac
ce
s
s
[
1
7
]
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
h
an
d
,
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
t
ier
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
is
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
n
et
w
o
r
k
ele
m
e
n
ts
t
h
at
b
elo
n
g
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
tier
o
r
lay
er
o
f
th
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
.
F
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
an
F
A
P
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
to
th
e
d
o
w
n
li
n
k
o
f
a
Ma
cr
o
ce
ll
User
E
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
(
MU
E
)
n
ea
r
b
y
.
Fe
m
to
ce
lls
w
o
u
ld
ca
u
s
e
lar
g
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
i
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
to
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
s
th
at
ar
e
u
s
i
n
g
m
ac
r
o
ce
ll
s
er
v
ices
f
o
r
i
n
d
o
o
r
p
u
r
p
o
s
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
b
lem
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
s
ev
er
e
in
t
h
e
ca
s
e
o
f
clo
s
ed
ac
ce
s
s
m
o
d
e
[
1
7
]
.
A
ll
th
e
s
e
f
ac
to
r
s
lead
to
a
b
a
s
ic
q
u
es
tio
n
i
n
ce
ll
u
lar
n
et
w
o
r
k
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t:
h
o
w
ca
n
cr
o
s
s
-
tier
an
d
co
-
ti
er
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
b
e
m
iti
g
ated
in
a
ce
ll
u
lar
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
?
An
y
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
ch
e
m
e
s
tr
o
n
g
l
y
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
r
ad
io
ac
ce
s
s
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
e.
g
C
D
M
A
o
r
OF
DM
A
)
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
m
o
d
e
(
o
p
en
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
h
y
b
r
id
ac
ce
s
s
)
b
ein
g
u
s
ed
.
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
li
k
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l,
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
,
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
an
d
b
ea
m
-
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
f
o
r
m
u
lt
ip
le
an
ten
n
a
tr
a
n
s
ce
i
v
er
s
ca
n
b
e
o
f
h
elp
in
h
a
v
in
g
a
n
ef
f
i
cien
t
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
c
h
e
m
e.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
h
y
b
r
id
s
ch
e
m
e
s
s
u
ch
a
s
j
o
in
t
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
r
eso
u
r
ce
allo
ca
tio
n
ca
n
also
b
e
v
er
y
h
elp
f
u
l.
T
h
ese
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
b
r
o
ad
ly
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
t
h
r
ee
:
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
C
a
n
ce
llatio
n
,
Di
s
tr
ib
u
ted
I
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
en
t a
n
d
I
n
ter
f
er
en
ce
Av
o
id
an
ce
.
Ma
n
y
p
r
ev
io
u
s
w
o
r
k
s
h
a
v
e
d
ea
lt
w
it
h
o
n
e
o
r
th
e
asp
ec
t
o
f
s
u
ch
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
to
r
eso
lv
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
p
o
w
er
co
n
tr
o
l
alg
o
r
it
h
m
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
1
8
]
f
o
r
th
e
clo
s
e
d
ac
ce
s
s
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
p
ap
er
d
er
i
v
es
a
r
elatio
n
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
lar
g
es
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
ce
llu
lar
SIN
R
v
a
l
u
es
if
a
s
et
o
f
f
ea
s
ib
le
SIN
R
v
al
u
es
f
o
r
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
w
er
e
g
iv
e
n
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
cr
o
s
s
tier
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
a
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
u
tili
t
y
b
ased
SIN
R
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
at
th
e
f
e
m
to
ce
ll
B
S
w
as
al
s
o
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
f
e
m
to
ce
lls
ca
u
s
i
n
g
s
tr
o
n
g
in
ter
f
er
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in
[
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2
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IJ
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I
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I
SS
N:
2252
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8776
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I
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r
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Fig
u
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2
.
P
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p
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A
d
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tiv
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P
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w
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A
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g
o
r
ith
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
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I
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2
2
5
2
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IJ
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I
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J
u
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201
4
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–
121
118
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.
3
.
1
.
Net
wo
rk
T
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
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N:
2252
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8776
I
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119
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J.
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,
D.H.
,
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sh
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a
v
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F.
,
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2
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,
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.
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3
]
C
h
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n
d
ra
se
k
h
a
r
,
V.,
A
n
d
re
w
s
,
J.
,
“
S
p
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tru
m
A
ll
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Ce
ll
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rk
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”
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mm
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,
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p
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3
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5
9
–
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6
8
,
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2
0
0
9
.
[1
4
]
Yo
o
n
,
J.,
L
e
e
,
J.,
L
e
e
,
H.S
.
,
“
M
u
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-
h
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Ba
se
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Ne
two
rk
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h
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iza
t
io
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S
c
h
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me
fo
r
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to
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y
ste
ms
,
”
IEE
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2
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In
tern
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ti
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m
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s,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
S
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p
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2
0
0
9
.
[1
5
]
Y
o
n
g
,
B
.
,
J
u
e
ji
a
,
Z.
,
L
a
n
,
C.
,
“
Hy
b
rid
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p
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tru
m
Us
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”
,
IEE
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lo
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,
[1
6
]
Ha
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-
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h
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,
J.,
Ch
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M
.
,
Ju
n
e
,
M.,
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-
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n
,
Y.
,
“
In
terf
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ier F
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m
to
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w
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rk
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”
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ra
n
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W
ire
les
s Co
mm
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.,
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l.
8
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p
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6
–
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[1
7
]
G
o
lau
p
,
A
.
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M
u
sta
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h
a
,
M
.
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tan
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S
trate
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y
in
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”
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,
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1
7
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0
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[1
8
]
A
lmg
re
n
,
M.,
Be
rg
stro
m
,
L.,
F
ro
d
ig
h
,
M.,
W
a
ll
ste
d
t,
K.
,
“
Ch
a
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Al
l
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o
n
a
n
d
P
o
we
r
S
e
tt
in
g
s
in
a
Ce
ll
u
la
r
S
y
ste
m
wit
h
M
a
c
ro
a
n
d
M
icr
o
Ce
ll
s
u
sin
g
th
e
S
a
me
Fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
S
p
e
c
tru
m
,
”
46
th
IEE
E
V
e
h
i
c
u
lar
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
5
0
–
1
1
5
4
,
2
8
A
p
r
-
1
M
a
y
.
1
9
9
6
.
[1
9
]
Ch
a
n
d
ra
se
k
h
a
r,
V
.
,
A
n
d
re
w
s,
J.
G
.
,
Zu
k
a
n
g
,
S.,
M
u
h
a
re
m
o
v
ic,
T
.
,
Ga
th
e
re
r,
A.
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
Po
we
r
Co
n
tro
l
i
n
Fem
to
c
e
ll
-
Un
d
e
rla
y
Ce
ll
u
l
a
r
Ne
two
rk
s
,
”
IEE
E
G
lo
b
a
l
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
–
6
,
No
v
.
3
0
-
De
c
.
4
2
0
0
9
.
[2
0
]
A
ru
lse
lv
a
n
,
N.,
Ra
m
a
c
h
a
n
d
ra
n
,
V
.
,
Ka
ly
a
n
a
su
n
d
a
ra
m
,
S.,
G
u
a
n
g
,
H.
,
“
Distrib
u
ted
P
o
we
r
Co
n
tro
l
M
e
c
h
a
n
isms
fo
r
Hs
d
p
a
Fem
to
c
e
ll
s
,
”
IEE
E
6
9
t
h
Ve
h
icu
lar T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
p
p
.
1
–
5
,
2
6
-
2
9
A
p
r.
2
0
0
9
[2
1
]
A
d
h
ik
a
ry
,
A
.
,
Ntra
n
o
s,
V.,
Ca
ire,
G.
,
“
Co
g
n
it
iv
e
F
e
m
to
c
e
ll
s:
Bre
a
k
in
g
th
e
S
p
a
ti
a
l
Re
u
se
Ba
rrier
o
f
Ce
ll
u
lar
S
y
st
e
m
s
,
”
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
T
h
e
o
ry
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s W
o
rk
sh
o
p
(
IT
A
),
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
–
1
0
,
6
-
1
1
F
e
b
.
2
0
1
1
.
[2
2
]
Al
-
Ru
b
a
y
e
,
S.,
Al
-
Du
lai
m
i,
A
.
,
Co
s
m
a
s,
J.
,
“
P
il
o
t
p
o
w
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
a
u
to
n
o
m
o
u
s f
e
m
to
c
e
ll
n
e
tw
o
rk
s
,
”
W
ir
e
les
s
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
(
W
iA
d
)
,
2
0
1
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
0
–
1
7
5
,
2
0
-
2
2
J
u
n
e
2
0
1
1
.
[2
3
]
Ka
rlsso
n
,
R.
S
.
,
“
Ra
d
io
Re
so
u
rc
e
S
h
a
ri
n
g
a
n
d
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
o
f
S
o
me
M
u
lt
ip
le
Acc
e
ss
M
e
th
o
d
s
in
Hie
ra
rc
h
ica
l
Ce
ll
S
tru
c
tu
re
s
,
”
I
n
V
e
h
icu
lar T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
,
V
o
l
.
5
,
p
p
.
2
8
2
5
–
2
8
2
9
,
S
e
p
.
1
9
9
9
.
[2
4
]
F
a
n
,
M.,
Ya
v
u
z
,
M.,
Na
n
d
a
,
S.,
T
o
k
g
o
z
,
Y.,
M
e
sh
k
a
ti
,
F.
,
“
In
t
e
rfe
re
n
c
e
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
F
e
m
to
C
e
ll
De
p
lo
y
m
e
n
t
,
”
I
n
3
G
P
P
2
F
e
m
to
W
o
rk
sh
o
p
Oc
t.
2
0
0
7
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
I
n
terf
eren
ce
Mit
ig
a
tio
n
in
F
e
mto
ce
llu
la
r
…
(
A
mev
i A
ca
kp
o
vi)
121
BI
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
M
r.
A
m
e
v
i
A
c
a
k
p
o
v
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is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
P
h
D
Ca
n
d
i
d
a
te
in
E
n
ig
n
e
e
rin
g
o
f
a
Jo
i
n
t
P
h
D
p
r
o
g
ra
m
b
e
tw
e
e
n
th
e
Op
e
n
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
(OU
M
)
a
n
d
th
e
A
c
c
ra
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
A
IT
),
G
h
a
n
a
.
He
h
o
l
d
s
a
M
a
ste
r’s
De
g
re
e
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
A
b
o
m
e
y
-
Ca
lav
i
(Be
n
in
)
a
n
d
a
Ba
c
h
e
lo
r
De
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
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rin
g
f
ro
m
L
o
k
o
ss
a
In
stit
u
te
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(Be
n
in
).
He
jo
in
e
d
th
e
E
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
A
c
c
r
a
P
o
ly
tec
h
n
ic
(G
h
a
n
a
)
in
S
e
p
te
m
b
e
r
2
0
1
0
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
n
d
b
e
c
a
m
e
a
S
e
n
io
r
L
e
c
tu
re
r
sin
c
e
O
c
t.
2
0
1
3
.
M
r
.
Am
e
v
i
o
b
tain
e
d
a
sp
e
c
ial
a
w
a
rd
f
o
r
In
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
in
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
th
e
f
irst
A
p
p
li
e
d
Re
se
a
rc
h
Co
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
in
Af
ric
a
(A
RC
A
)
o
rg
a
n
ize
d
a
t
c
a
p
e
-
Co
a
st
(G
h
a
n
a
)
in
2
0
1
2
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
M
icr
o
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
No
n
-
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l
E
n
e
rg
y
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s an
d
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
ste
m
Op
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
.
M
r.
Do
m
in
iq
u
e
KO
G
UE
W
o
la
is
a
BS
c
h
o
ld
e
r
in
T
e
lec
o
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
G
h
a
n
a
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
ll
e
g
e
.
He
is
th
e
a
w
a
rd
w
in
n
e
r
2
0
1
2
o
f
th
e
b
e
st
p
ro
jec
t
w
o
rk
in
th
e
Tele
c
o
m
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t.
Do
m
in
i
q
u
e
KO
G
UE
i
s cu
rre
n
tl
y
a
se
n
io
r
se
rv
ic
e
o
ff
ice
r
w
it
h
th
e
G
ro
u
p
Eco
b
a
n
k
d
e
li
v
e
rin
g
su
p
p
o
rt
t
o
th
irt
y
f
o
u
r
a
ff
il
iate
s.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
,
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
P
o
w
e
r
o
p
ti
m
iz
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s,
m
o
b
il
e
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
f
ra
stru
c
tu
re
sh
a
rin
g
,
a
n
d
Ne
tw
o
rk
a
n
d
S
y
ste
m
S
e
c
u
rit
y
.
Dr.
Ko
u
m
a
d
i
is
a
2
0
0
9
w
in
n
e
r
o
f
th
e
Brit
ish
C
o
m
p
u
ter
S
o
c
iety
’
s
W
il
k
e
s
Be
st
P
a
p
e
r
A
w
a
rd
(Co
m
p
u
ter
Jo
u
rn
a
l)
.
He
h
o
l
d
s
a
P
h
D
a
n
d
a
n
M
S
c
in
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
In
stit
u
te
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(K
A
IS
T
),
Da
e
jeo
n
,
S
o
u
th
Ko
re
a
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s a
BS
c
in
Tele
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
B
e
ij
in
g
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
P
o
sts a
n
d
T
e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
,
Be
ij
in
g
,
Ch
in
a
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
e
p
a
rtm
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
t
h
e
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
G
h
a
n
a
,
a
f
ter
se
r
v
in
g
a
t
th
e
Gh
a
n
a
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
ll
e
g
e
.
He
a
lso
h
a
d
w
o
rk
in
g
e
x
p
e
rien
c
e
w
it
h
S
a
m
su
n
g
-
ICU
Re
s
e
a
rc
h
Ce
n
ter
(S
IRC),
D
a
e
jeo
n
,
Ko
re
a
,
a
n
d
H
u
a
w
e
i
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
i
e
s,
L
o
m
e
,
T
o
g
o
.
H
is
re
se
a
rc
h
a
re
a
s
in
c
lu
d
e
ra
d
i
o
re
so
u
rc
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
(RRM
),
m
o
b
il
e
n
e
t
w
o
rk
in
f
r
a
stru
c
tu
re
sh
a
rin
g
,
a
n
d
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
stre
a
m
c
o
n
tro
l
tran
sm
issio
n
p
ro
t
o
c
o
l
(
S
CT
P
)
to
m
o
b
il
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
IT
p
ro
f
e
s
sio
n
a
l
w
o
rk
in
g
in
b
a
n
k
in
g
e
n
v
iro
n
m
e
n
t,
M
r
.
Ib
r
a
h
i
m
T
AH
IR
O
U
h
o
ld
s
a
BS
c
d
e
g
re
e
in
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
f
irst
c
las
s
Ho
n
o
u
rs,
f
ro
m
G
h
a
n
a
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
Co
ll
e
g
e
(f
o
r
m
e
r
G
h
a
n
a
Tele
c
o
m
).
H
e
a
lso
h
o
l
d
s
se
v
e
ra
l
p
ro
f
e
ss
io
n
a
l
c
e
rti
f
ica
ti
o
n
s
su
c
h
a
s
CCNP
(R&
S
),
IT
IL
,
P
RINCE2
,
G
V
F
5
0
0
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
se
c
u
rit
y
,
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
o
m
p
u
ti
n
g
,
se
c
u
rit
y
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
n
e
tw
o
rk
in
g
a
n
d
d
is
tri
b
u
te
d
sy
ste
m
s
a
n
d
w
irele
s
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.