I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
I
nfo
rm
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
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.
2
,
A
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g
u
s
t
20
2
5
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p
p
.
4
9
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~
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497
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h
ttp
:
//ij
ict.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Cy
ber
-
phy
sica
l re
silience s
y
stem
f
o
r ano
ma
ly
det
ecti
o
n in
indus
trial e
nv
iro
nments
Deba
ni P
ra
s
a
d M
i
s
hra
1
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Ra
k
esh
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um
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r
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enk
a
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m
pa
Sri Sa
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y
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v
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n K
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r
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k
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Su
re
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Reddy
Sa
lk
uti
3
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e
p
a
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me
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o
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t
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b
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r
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i
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p
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p
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a
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g
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W
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D
a
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R
e
p
u
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c
o
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o
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a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
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J
u
n
4
,
2
0
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4
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ev
is
ed
Dec
1
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,
2
0
2
4
Acc
ep
ted
J
an
1
9
,
2
0
2
5
Th
is
wo
rk
e
x
p
l
o
re
s
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
c
y
b
e
rse
c
u
rit
y
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s
(EVs).
It
e
n
s
u
re
s
th
e
re
sili
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
y
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
sy
ste
m
s
a
g
a
in
st
a
n
o
m
a
li
e
s,
wh
ich
is
p
a
ra
m
o
u
n
t
fo
r
m
a
in
tain
i
n
g
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
e
ffic
ien
c
y
a
n
d
sa
fe
ty
.
Th
is
p
a
p
e
r
p
re
se
n
ts
a
c
y
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
re
sili
e
n
c
e
sy
ste
m
(
CP
RS
)
c
u
sto
m
ize
d
fo
r
a
n
o
m
a
ly
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
.
M
a
i
n
tain
i
n
g
o
p
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
l
e
ffici
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
sa
fe
ty
in
to
d
a
y
’
s
n
e
two
rk
e
d
i
n
d
u
strial
c
o
n
te
x
ts
re
q
u
ires
t
h
a
t
c
y
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
sy
ste
m
s
b
e
re
sili
e
n
t
to
a
b
n
o
rm
a
li
ti
e
s.
Wi
th
a
n
e
m
p
h
a
sis
o
n
EVs,
th
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tro
d
u
c
e
s
a
u
n
iq
u
e
CP
RS
d
e
sig
n
e
d
f
o
r
a
n
o
m
a
ly
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
i
n
in
d
u
strial
se
tt
in
g
s.
By
u
ti
l
izin
g
th
e
c
o
m
b
i
n
a
ti
o
n
o
f
d
ig
i
tal
a
n
d
p
h
y
sic
a
l
e
lem
e
n
ts,
th
e
CP
R
S
u
se
s
so
p
h
ist
ica
ted
m
o
n
i
to
ri
n
g
a
n
d
re
a
c
ti
o
n
s
y
ste
m
s
to
id
e
n
ti
f
y
a
n
d
a
d
d
re
ss
irreg
u
lari
ti
e
s
in
sta
n
tl
y
.
Th
e
p
ro
c
e
ss
in
c
lu
d
e
s
c
re
a
ti
n
g
a
lg
o
rit
h
m
s
fo
r
a
n
o
m
a
ly
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
n
d
p
u
tt
in
g
in
p
lac
e
a
fra
m
e
wo
rk
th
a
t
is
re
sp
o
n
si
v
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
c
h
a
n
g
e
wit
h
th
e
d
a
n
g
e
rs
th
a
t
i
t
fa
c
e
s.
Th
e
e
fficie
n
c
y
o
f
th
e
CP
RS
in
d
e
tec
ti
n
g
u
n
u
su
a
l
b
e
h
a
v
io
rs
in
EVs
is
d
e
m
o
n
s
trate
d
b
y
e
x
p
e
rime
n
tal
fi
n
d
i
n
g
s,
wh
ic
h
a
l
so
imp
r
o
v
e
th
e
o
v
e
ra
ll
re
sili
e
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
sy
ste
m
.
M
o
re
o
v
e
r,
t
h
e
re
se
a
rc
h
’
s
ra
m
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
s
g
o
b
e
y
o
n
d
EVs
to
in
c
lu
d
e
a
v
a
riety
o
f
in
d
u
strial
se
tt
in
g
s,
p
ro
v
id
i
n
g
v
a
l
u
a
b
le
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
fo
r
th
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
e
x
e
c
u
ti
o
n
o
f
re
sili
e
n
t
c
y
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
sic
a
l
s
y
ste
m
s.
T
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
h
ig
h
li
g
h
ts
th
e
si
g
n
ifi
c
a
n
c
e
o
f
p
ro
a
c
ti
v
e
re
sili
e
n
c
e
m
e
a
su
re
s
in
p
ro
tec
ti
n
g
c
rit
ica
l
in
fra
str
u
c
tu
re
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
s a
n
o
m
a
ly
d
e
tec
ti
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
An
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
C
y
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
Mu
ltit
h
r
ea
d
in
g
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
etec
tio
n
R
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Su
r
en
d
er
R
ed
d
y
Salk
u
ti
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
R
ailr
o
ad
an
d
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
W
o
o
s
o
n
g
Un
iv
er
s
ity
J
ay
an
g
-
Do
n
g
,
Do
n
g
-
Gu
,
Dae
j
eo
n
3
4
6
0
6
,
R
ep
u
b
lic
o
f
Ko
r
ea
E
m
ail: su
r
en
d
er
@
wsu
.
ac
.
k
r
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
An
ad
v
an
ce
d
elec
tr
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
s
s
ev
er
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
o
wer
g
r
id
’
s
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
a
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
.
Po
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
,
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
m
ay
e
x
ch
an
g
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
n
d
e
n
er
g
y
in
b
o
th
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
th
an
k
s
to
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
s
en
s
in
g
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
E
lectr
icity
s
to
r
ed
in
r
ec
h
ar
g
ea
b
le
b
atter
ies
p
o
wer
s
elec
tr
ic
ca
r
s
o
r
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
(
E
Vs
)
.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
s
ev
er
al
b
en
ef
its
,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
lo
wer
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
an
d
less
r
elian
ce
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els.
Plu
g
-
in
h
y
b
r
i
d
e
lectr
ic
ca
r
s
(
PHEV
s
)
,
wh
ich
co
m
b
in
e
a
n
elec
tr
ic
m
o
to
r
an
d
an
in
te
r
n
al
co
m
b
u
s
tio
n
en
g
in
e,
an
d
b
atter
y
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
(
B
E
Vs),
wh
ich
o
p
er
ate
ex
clu
s
iv
ely
o
n
elec
tr
icity
,
ar
e
th
e
t
wo
t
y
p
es
o
f
E
Vs.
I
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
d
E
Vs
[
1
]
.
Sm
ar
t
g
r
id
s
a
n
d
EV
s
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
wh
ic
h
r
aises
n
ew
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
a
n
d
em
p
h
asizes
h
o
w
cr
u
cial
it is
to
s
ec
u
r
e
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
th
ese
f
ield
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
n
ex
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
2
5
:
497
-
505
498
Sy
s
tem
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
:
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
ar
e
v
ital
p
iece
s
o
f
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
th
at
n
ee
d
t
o
f
u
n
ctio
n
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
s
tead
y
s
u
p
p
ly
o
f
elec
tr
icity
.
C
y
b
er
a
ttack
s
o
n
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
ca
u
s
e
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
co
u
ld
r
esu
lt
in
b
lack
o
u
ts
,
m
o
n
etar
y
lo
s
s
es,
an
d
ev
e
n
s
af
ety
h
az
ar
d
s
.
I
n
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
s
en
s
i
tiv
e
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
d
ata
is
g
en
er
ated
an
d
ex
c
h
an
g
e
d
in
lar
g
e
q
u
an
titi
es b
y
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
d
E
Vs
.
Pre
v
e
n
tin
g
u
n
wan
ted
ac
ce
s
s
,
d
ata
b
r
ea
ch
es,
an
d
ex
p
l
o
itatio
n
r
e
q
u
ir
es
s
af
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
c
u
s
to
m
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
.
An
d
in
E
V
s
af
ety
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ity
,
E
Vs
’
s
af
ety
an
d
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
m
ay
b
e
jeo
p
ar
d
ized
b
y
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
laws
[
2
]
.
Dr
iv
er
s
,
p
ass
en
g
er
s
,
an
d
o
th
er
r
o
ad
u
s
e
r
s
co
u
ld
b
e
p
u
t
in
d
an
g
er
if
m
alicio
u
s
ac
to
r
s
we
r
e
to
o
b
tain
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
c
ess
to
v
eh
icle
s
y
s
tem
s
,
alter
c
o
n
tr
o
ls
,
o
r
in
ter
f
er
e
with
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
ch
ar
g
in
g
.
Als
o
i
n
g
r
id
-
to
-
v
e
h
icle
(
G2
V)
a
n
d
v
eh
icle
-
to
-
g
r
id
(
V2
G
)
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
,
s
in
ce
E
Vs
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
in
g
m
o
r
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
g
r
id
o
p
er
atio
n
s
,
s
af
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
a
n
d
au
th
en
ticatio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
cr
u
cial.
Pre
v
e
n
tin
g
u
n
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
to
o
r
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
tr
a
n
s
ac
tio
n
s
is
ac
h
iev
ed
b
y
g
u
ar
a
n
teein
g
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
t
h
ese
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
E
co
n
o
m
i
c
r
ep
er
cu
s
s
io
n
s
,
u
tili
ties
,
tr
an
s
p
o
r
tatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
n
at
io
n
al
ec
o
n
o
m
y
m
ay
all
b
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
ac
ted
by
a
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l
cy
b
er
attac
k
o
n
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
o
r
E
V
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
Saf
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
th
es
e
s
y
s
tem
s
ag
ain
s
t
c
y
b
er
a
t
t
a
ck
s
i
s
e
s
s
en
t
i
a
l
f
o
r
m
a
i
n
t
a
in
i
n
g
an
d
ex
p
an
d
in
g
th
e
ec
o
n
o
m
y
.
S
t
r
o
n
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
a
r
e
t
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
p
r
o
t
e
ct
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
d
a
t
a
,
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
c
y
b
er
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
o
n
s
m
a
r
t
g
r
i
d
s
a
n
d
EV
s
,
a
n
d
g
u
a
r
an
t
ee
t
h
e
d
e
p
en
d
ab
l
e
a
n
d
s
e
c
u
r
e
o
p
er
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
in
t
e
r
co
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
i
n
c
lu
d
e
t
h
r
e
a
t
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
,
in
t
r
u
s
i
o
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
io
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
v
en
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
en
c
r
y
p
t
io
n
,
au
t
h
en
t
i
c
a
t
io
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
l
s
,
an
d
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
s
t
a
n
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
th
e
g
o
als
a
n
d
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
i
ew
o
n
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
E
Vs
a
n
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
:
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
it
y
in
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
th
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
f
o
c
u
s
es
o
n
th
e
is
s
u
es,
r
is
k
s
,
an
d
f
ix
es
r
elate
d
to
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
I
t
l
o
o
k
s
at
p
o
s
s
ib
le
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
,
th
e
th
r
ea
t
lan
d
s
ca
p
e,
an
d
h
o
w
th
ey
af
f
ec
t
g
r
id
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
ilit
y
.
C
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
co
n
ce
r
n
s
with
E
V
s
d
elv
e
in
to
th
e
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
ch
allen
g
es
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
EV
s
,
e
n
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
r
ea
ts
to
E
V
ch
a
r
g
in
g
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
tr
u
s
io
n
s
o
n
E
Vs
an
d
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tatio
n
s
,
an
d
m
atter
s
ab
o
u
t
d
ata
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
[
4
]
with
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
d
EV
s
.
T
h
is
ex
am
in
es
th
e
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
in
te
r
d
ep
e
n
d
en
cies
th
at
ex
is
t
b
etwe
en
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
an
d
EV
s.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Data
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
I
t
lo
o
k
s
at
th
e
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
an
d
s
ec
u
r
it
y
is
s
u
es
f
o
r
V2
G
a
n
d
G2
V
c
o
n
n
ec
tiv
ity
.
Dete
r
m
in
in
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
ch
allen
g
es
is
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
esear
ch
,
wh
ich
is
to
d
eter
m
in
e
an
d
ex
am
in
e
th
e
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es
u
n
iq
u
e
to
E
Vs
an
d
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
.
I
t
ex
am
i
n
es
th
e
d
a
n
g
er
s
an
d
h
az
ar
d
s
th
at
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
en
co
u
n
ter
f
r
o
m
illeg
al
ac
ce
s
s
,
d
ata
b
r
ea
ch
es,
an
d
cy
b
er
at
tack
s
.
A
r
ev
iew
o
f
c
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
lo
o
k
s
at
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
s
o
l
u
tio
n
s
n
o
w
in
u
s
e
f
o
r
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
th
at
ar
e
in
ten
d
ed
t
o
less
en
th
e
i
s
s
u
es
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
id
en
tifie
d
[
5
]
.
I
t e
x
am
in
es secu
r
ity
f
r
am
e
wo
r
k
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
r
elev
an
t to
E
Vs
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
as
well
as
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
a
n
d
p
r
e
v
en
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
,
an
d
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
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h
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2252
-
8
7
7
6
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p
h
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t
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fo
r
a
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o
ma
ly
d
etec
tio
n
in
in
d
u
s
tr
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…
(
Deb
a
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i P
a
r
s
h
a
d
Mis
h
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a
)
499
m
eth
o
d
s
.
E
m
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
d
i
r
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
c
h
allen
g
es
in
th
e
a
r
ea
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
an
d
E
V
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
th
e
ev
alu
at
io
n
s
ee
k
s
to
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
n
ew
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies,
a
n
d
r
esear
ch
n
ee
d
s
.
I
t
lo
o
k
s
at
th
e
d
if
f
icu
lties
an
d
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
s
th
at
will
n
ee
d
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
’
s
ec
u
r
ity
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ati
o
n
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
i
ty
in
E
Vs
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
.
T
h
ese
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
m
ig
h
t
co
v
er
to
p
ics
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
y
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ac
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
o
licy
r
am
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
o
m
ain
tain
th
e
s
af
e
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
ab
le
o
p
er
ati
o
n
o
f
th
ese
in
ter
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
’
s
o
v
er
all
g
o
als ar
e
to
p
r
esen
t a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
in
s
m
ar
t g
r
id
s
an
d
E
Vs,
ex
am
in
e
cu
r
r
en
t so
lu
tio
n
s
,
an
d
p
in
p
o
in
t a
r
ea
s
th
at
n
ee
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
E
x
am
in
atio
n
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
es
f
o
r
c
y
b
er
attac
k
s
an
d
th
e
d
an
g
e
r
o
f
E
V
s
:
c
y
b
er
attac
k
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
f
o
r
E
V
s
c
y
b
er
attac
k
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
in
ter
m
s
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
is
tin
ct
attac
k
lay
er
s
,
with
a
d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
atin
g
wh
ich
attac
k
s
ar
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
in
ea
c
h
tie
r
.
T
ak
i
n
g
p
r
ec
au
tio
n
s
ag
ain
s
t
s
u
ch
attac
k
s
is
th
e
g
o
al
h
er
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
e
p
icts
th
e
E
V
cy
b
er
-
attac
k
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
EV
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
is
k
:
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
f
u
el
co
s
ts
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
o
llu
tio
n
,
th
e
u
s
ag
e
o
f
EV
s
is
g
r
o
win
g
.
I
n
ter
m
s
o
f
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
r
i
s
k
b
ec
o
m
es
m
o
r
e
ap
p
ar
en
t
with
th
is
g
r
o
wth
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
r
is
k
th
at
co
u
ld
m
at
er
ialize
if
t
h
er
e
is
a
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
law
in
elec
tr
ic
au
to
m
o
b
iles
.
T
h
ese
d
an
g
er
s
in
clu
d
e
b
o
th
tak
in
g
o
n
an
d
ac
ce
p
tin
g
r
is
k
s
.
EV
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
is
k
ass
ess
m
en
t
R
-
1
:
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ar
m
to
t
h
e
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tatio
n
s
R
-
2
:
t
h
ef
t
o
f
clien
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
;
R
-
3
:
s
tealin
g
ca
r
d
d
etails
at
p
ay
m
e
n
t
lo
ca
tio
n
s
R
-
4
:
t
h
ef
t
o
f
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
ca
r
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
u
s
in
g
u
n
s
ec
u
r
ed
d
ata
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
R
-
5
:
c
u
s
to
m
er
d
ata
th
ef
t
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
o
n
b
y
wea
k
n
ess
es
in
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
E
x
er
cise
1
3
th
E
n
er
g
y
an
d
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
t
Sy
m
p
o
s
iu
m
(
I
E
E
E
S
-
1
3
)
,
Ma
k
k
ah
,
Sau
d
i
Ar
ab
ia,
No
v
em
b
er
1
5
,
1
8
,
2
0
2
1
4
R
-
6
:
p
h
y
s
ical
h
ar
m
to
au
to
m
o
b
iles
an
d
d
ata
alter
atio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
o
n
wir
eless
n
etwo
r
k
s
R
-
7
:
d
at
a
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
witch
in
g
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
o
p
en
USB
p
o
r
ts
R
-
8
:
tu
r
n
ed
o
f
f
ch
ar
g
in
g
s
tatio
n
s
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
.
R
-
9
:
t
o
lau
n
c
h
a
b
r
u
te
-
f
o
r
ce
cy
b
er
attac
k
to
o
b
tain
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
Wi
-
Fi
n
etwo
r
k
th
at
th
e
u
s
er
s
’
h
o
m
e
ch
ar
g
er
is
co
n
n
ec
te
d
to
.
R
-
10
:
is
s
eizin
g
co
m
m
an
d
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
s
er
v
e
r
s
an
d
r
em
o
tely
m
an
ip
u
latin
g
th
e
ca
r
.
2
.
1
.
Vuln
er
a
ble c
o
mm
un
ica
t
io
n net
wo
rk
s
,
da
t
a
priv
a
cy
,
a
nd
pro
t
ec
t
io
n
T
o
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
d
ata
an
d
m
an
a
g
e
s
ig
n
als,
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
s
,
an
d
E
Vs
r
ely
o
n
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
Un
au
th
o
r
ized
ac
ce
s
s
,
in
ter
ce
p
tio
n
,
an
d
m
an
i
p
u
latio
n
o
f
th
es
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
m
a
y
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
t
ak
eo
v
er
o
f
E
V
s
o
r
o
th
er
g
r
i
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
6
]
.
E
V
s
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
n
d
s
h
ar
e
a
lo
t
o
f
s
en
s
itiv
e
d
ata,
s
u
ch
as
in
d
iv
id
u
al
u
s
er
p
r
o
f
iles
an
d
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e
tr
en
d
s
.
Pr
o
tectin
g
t
h
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
d
ata
is
ess
en
tial
to
av
o
id
in
g
d
ata
b
r
ea
c
h
es,
u
n
wan
ted
ac
ce
s
s
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
p
er
u
s
e
o
f
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
d
at
a.
2
.
2
.
P
hy
s
ica
l securit
y
risk
s
a
nd
hu
m
a
n a
s
pect
s
C
y
b
er
r
is
k
s
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ec
u
r
ity
ar
e
m
ajo
r
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
EV
s
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
.
R
is
k
s
r
elate
d
t
o
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ec
u
r
ity
in
clu
d
e
th
e
f
t,
v
an
d
alis
m
,
a
n
d
u
n
au
th
o
r
ize
d
ac
ce
s
s
to
v
ital
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
p
ar
ts
.
Ma
licio
u
s
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
th
is
k
in
d
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ity
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
s
to
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
s
er
io
u
s
r
ep
e
r
cu
s
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
v
eh
icles
an
d
th
e
elec
tr
ical
g
r
i
d
.
T
o
r
e
d
u
ce
th
ese
d
an
g
er
s
,
it
is
ess
en
tial
to
h
av
e
s
tr
o
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
in
p
lace
,
s
u
ch
as
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
tam
p
er
-
r
esis
tan
t
d
esig
n
s
.
C
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
d
a
n
g
er
s
a
r
e
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
is
k
to
EV
s
an
d
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
in
a
d
d
itio
n
to
p
h
y
s
ical
th
r
ea
ts
.
T
h
ese
m
a
y
r
esu
lt
f
r
o
m
ca
r
eless
n
ess
,
m
a
lev
o
len
t
p
u
r
p
o
s
e,
o
r
h
u
m
a
n
er
r
o
r
.
Vu
ln
er
a
b
ilit
ies
m
a
y
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
w
ea
k
s
e
cu
r
it
y
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
s
,
ig
n
o
r
a
n
c
e,
o
r
i
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
tr
a
i
n
in
g
f
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
a
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
o
r
s
,
e
m
p
lo
y
e
e
s
,
an
d
e
n
d
u
s
e
r
s
[
7
]
.
C
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
tr
a
in
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
,
s
tr
i
c
t
a
c
c
e
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
s
,
a
n
d
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
e
c
u
r
i
ty
au
d
i
t
s
to
f
i
n
d
a
n
d
f
i
x
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
v
u
l
n
e
r
ab
i
l
i
t
ie
s
a
r
e
a
l
l
e
s
s
en
t
i
a
l
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
c
y
b
er
s
e
c
u
r
i
t
y
p
l
an
s
.
Saf
eg
u
ar
d
in
g
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
d
EV
s
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
tr
ateg
y
th
at
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
b
o
th
p
h
y
s
ical
an
d
cy
b
er
d
e
f
en
s
es.
Stak
eh
o
ld
er
s
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
an
d
d
ep
en
d
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
ese
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
a
n
d
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
th
eir
s
af
e
a
n
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
in
a
wo
r
l
d
g
r
o
w
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
lin
k
ed
b
y
tack
lin
g
th
ese
co
m
p
lex
d
if
f
ic
u
lties
.
C
y
b
er
attac
k
m
eth
o
d
s
i
n
EV
s
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
I
t
c
o
m
p
r
is
e
s
s
tr
o
n
g
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
in
tr
u
s
io
n
d
etec
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
in
c
id
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
w
h
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
u
t
in
p
lace
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es
[
8
]
.
E
s
tab
lis
h
in
g
an
d
en
f
o
r
cin
g
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
p
o
licies
f
o
r
s
m
ar
t
g
r
i
d
s
an
d
E
Vs
r
eq
u
ir
es
co
o
p
er
atio
n
am
o
n
g
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
er
s
,
u
tili
ties
,
p
o
licy
m
ak
e
r
s
,
an
d
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
T
o
d
etec
t
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
n
ew
th
r
ea
ts
an
d
v
u
l
n
er
ab
ilit
ies,
r
eg
u
l
ar
s
ec
u
r
ity
au
d
its
,
v
u
ln
e
r
ab
ilit
y
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
an
d
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ar
e
also
ess
en
tial [
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
2
5
:
497
-
505
500
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
y
b
e
r
attac
k
m
eth
o
d
s
in
E
V
3.
CYB
E
RS
E
CUR
I
T
Y
SO
L
U
T
I
O
NS F
O
R
S
M
AR
T
G
RID
S
3
.
1
.
E
ncry
ptio
n
,
da
t
a
pro
t
ec
t
io
n
,
a
cc
ess
co
ntr
o
l
,
a
nd
a
ut
hentic
a
t
io
n
I
n
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
,
d
ata
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
s
to
r
ag
e
ar
e
m
ad
e
s
ec
u
r
e
u
s
in
g
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
i
q
u
es.
Data
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
ak
es
s
u
r
e
th
at
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
h
ar
e
d
b
etwe
en
s
y
s
t
em
s
an
d
g
r
id
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
is
p
r
iv
ate
an
d
s
h
ield
e
d
f
r
o
m
u
n
wan
ted
ac
ce
s
s
.
R
o
b
u
s
t
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
n
d
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
,
s
u
ch
as
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t
lay
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
(
T
s
L
S)
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
(
AE
S).
User
s
an
d
d
ev
i
ce
s
wis
h
in
g
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
au
th
en
ticated
an
d
g
r
an
ted
p
er
m
is
s
io
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ea
s
u
r
es
[
1
1
]
t
h
at
o
n
l
y
au
th
o
r
ized
u
s
er
s
m
a
y
ac
ce
s
s
v
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
d
ata,
m
u
lti
-
f
ac
to
r
a
u
th
en
ticatio
n
,
s
tr
o
n
g
p
ass
wo
r
d
r
u
les,
an
d
r
o
le
-
b
ased
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
(
R
B
AC
)
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
T
o
g
u
ar
an
tee
t
h
at
o
n
ly
a
u
th
o
r
ized
u
s
er
s
m
ay
ac
ce
s
s
v
ital
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
d
ata
,
m
u
lti
-
f
ac
to
r
au
t
h
en
ticatio
n
,
s
tr
o
n
g
p
ass
wo
r
d
r
u
le
s
,
an
d
R
B
A
C
ar
e
u
s
ed
[
1
2
]
.
3
.
2
.
Securit
y
m
o
nito
ring
a
nd
incid
e
nt
re
s
po
ns
e
E
ar
ly
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
c
y
b
er
th
r
e
ats
is
m
ad
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
b
y
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
r
id
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e.
T
o
d
etec
t
an
y
s
ec
u
r
ity
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
e
v
en
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t
(
SIE
M)
[
1
3
]
s
y
s
tem
s
g
ath
er
an
d
e
x
am
in
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
e
v
en
t
l
o
g
s
,
n
etwo
r
k
tr
a
f
f
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
a
n
d
s
y
s
tem
war
n
in
g
s
.
Plan
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
to
co
ls
f
o
r
in
cid
en
t
r
esp
o
n
s
e
f
ac
ilit
ate
q
u
ick
a
n
d
ef
f
icie
n
t
r
ea
ctio
n
s
t
o
less
en
th
e
ef
f
e
cts
o
f
cy
b
er
attac
k
s
[
1
4
]
.
T
h
e
wh
o
le
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
cy
b
e
r
th
r
ea
t
b
y
k
-
m
ap
cy
cle,
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
w
ith
all
b
lo
ck
s
s
u
ch
as
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
tar
g
et
s
y
s
tem
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
i
n
g
.
An
d
p
lan
n
in
g
,
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
an
d
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
e
tar
g
eted
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ich
is
th
e
an
o
m
al
y
o
r
an
y
cy
b
er
th
r
ea
t
f
o
u
n
d
b
y
d
ee
p
an
aly
s
is
[
1
5
]
,
[
16]
.
3
.
3
.
Su
pp
ly
cha
in s
ec
urit
y
,
s
ec
urit
y
g
uid
elines
,
a
nd
po
lici
es
T
o
s
to
p
h
o
s
tile
o
r
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
is
ed
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
f
r
o
m
in
f
iltra
ti
n
g
th
e
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
,
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
u
s
t
b
e
g
u
ar
an
tee
d
.
T
o
cr
ea
te
s
tr
o
n
g
d
ef
en
s
es
an
d
g
u
ar
an
tee
th
e
s
a
f
e
an
d
d
ep
en
d
ab
le
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
r
id
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
e,
u
tili
ties
,
s
u
p
p
lier
s
,
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
,
an
d
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
s
p
e
cialist
s
m
u
s
t
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
er
[
1
7
]
.
Fo
llo
win
g
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
ex
am
p
les o
f
cy
b
e
r
attac
k
s
,
u
p
o
n
wo
r
k
i
n
g
o
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
co
u
r
s
e,
h
er
e
’
s
a
b
asic
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ati
o
n
f
o
r
a
n
elec
tr
ical
ca
r
cy
b
e
r
s
ec
u
r
ity
ap
p
co
d
e,
wh
ich
is
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
4
.
I
t a
ls
o
g
iv
es u
s
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
an
aly
te
an
d
an
aly
s
is
b
y
u
s
in
g
th
e
Ma
p
e
K
a
d
ap
tatio
n
m
o
d
el
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
C
yb
er
-
p
h
ysica
l res
ilien
ce
s
y
s
t
em
fo
r
a
n
o
ma
ly
d
etec
tio
n
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ia
l
…
(
Deb
a
n
i P
a
r
s
h
a
d
Mis
h
r
a
)
501
T
h
e
co
d
e
f
o
r
a
n
o
m
aly
d
etec
t
io
n
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
h
e
‘
C
y
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
Ap
p
’
clas
s
,
wh
ich
is
b
ein
g
d
ef
in
e
d
in
th
is
ex
a
m
p
l
e,
en
ca
p
s
u
lates
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
ity
o
f
k
ee
p
i
n
g
an
ey
e
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ical
v
eh
icle
’
s
s
y
s
tem
s
f
o
r
a
n
y
u
n
u
s
u
al
o
r
s
u
s
p
icio
u
s
ac
tiv
ity
[
2
0
]
.
W
h
il
e
t
h
e
s
to
p
(
)
’
f
u
n
ctio
n
p
au
s
es
th
e
m
o
n
it
o
r
a
n
d
waits
f
o
r
th
e
th
r
ea
d
to
f
in
is
h
,
th
e
s
tar
t
(
)
’
m
eth
o
d
lau
n
ch
es
a
s
ep
ar
ate
th
r
ea
d
th
at
co
n
tin
u
all
y
ch
ec
k
s
th
e
v
eh
icle
’
s
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
is
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
(
)
’
m
et
h
o
d
,
wh
er
e
y
o
u
ca
n
ap
p
ly
th
e
lo
g
ic
to
id
en
tify
ir
r
eg
u
lar
ities
.
T
o
f
in
d
p
o
s
s
ib
le
cy
b
er
t
h
r
ea
ts
,
th
is
m
ay
en
tail
ex
am
in
in
g
n
etwo
r
k
tr
af
f
ic
,
ev
al
u
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
r
ec
o
r
d
s
,
o
r
ap
p
l
y
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
(
ML
)
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
e
‘
r
esp
o
n
d
_
to
_
an
o
m
al
y
(
)
’
f
u
n
ctio
n
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
aler
t th
e
u
s
er
to
a
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
ec
u
r
ity
r
is
k
if
an
a
n
o
m
al
y
is
f
o
u
n
d
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
d
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
c
y
b
er
th
r
ea
t b
y
m
ap
k
cy
cle
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
An
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
a
n
d
a
n
aly
s
is
in
th
e
MA
PE
-
K
a
d
ap
tatio
n
m
o
d
el
T
ab
le
1
.
C
o
d
e
f
o
r
a
n
o
m
aly
d
et
ec
tio
n
C
o
d
e
f
o
r
a
n
o
ma
l
y
1)
C
l
a
ss
C
y
b
e
r
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
S
y
st
e
m:
2)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
i
t
(
)
:
3)
I
n
i
t
i
a
l
i
z
e
s
e
l
f
.
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
o
F
a
l
se
4)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
a
r
t
(
)
:
5)
S
e
t
se
l
f
.
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
o
Tr
u
e
6)
S
t
a
r
t
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
a
d
7)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
s
t
o
p
(
)
:
8)
S
e
t
se
l
f
.
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
t
o
F
a
l
s
e
9)
J
o
i
n
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
t
h
r
e
a
d
10)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
(
)
:
11)
W
h
i
l
e
se
l
f
.
r
u
n
n
i
n
g
i
s
Tr
u
e
:
12)
I
f
d
e
t
e
c
t
_
a
n
o
ma
l
y
(
)
i
s T
r
u
e
:
13)
r
e
sp
o
n
d
_
t
o
_
a
n
o
ma
l
y
(
)
14)
S
l
e
e
p
f
o
r
1
s
e
c
o
n
d
15)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
d
e
t
e
c
t
_
a
n
o
m
a
l
y
(
)
:
16)
R
e
t
u
r
n
r
a
n
d
o
m c
h
o
i
c
e
o
f
Tr
u
e
/
F
a
l
se
17)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
_
t
o
_
a
n
o
ma
l
y
(
)
:
18)
P
r
i
n
t
“
A
n
o
ma
l
y
d
e
t
e
c
t
e
d
!
I
n
i
t
i
a
t
i
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
19)
p
r
o
t
o
c
o
l
.
”
20)
Ex
e
c
u
t
e
_
r
e
sp
o
n
se
_
a
c
t
i
o
n
s(
)
21)
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
_
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
_
a
c
t
i
o
n
s(
)
:
22)
P
r
i
n
t
“
Ex
e
c
u
t
i
n
g
r
e
sp
o
n
se
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
.
.
”
23)
S
l
e
e
p
f
o
r
2
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
24)
P
r
i
n
t
“
R
e
sp
o
n
se
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
e
x
e
c
u
t
e
d
su
c
c
e
ssf
u
l
l
y
.
”
25)
M
a
i
n
:
26)
C
r
e
a
t
e
i
n
st
a
n
c
e
o
f
C
y
b
e
r
P
h
y
si
c
a
l
R
e
si
l
i
e
n
c
e
S
y
st
e
m
27)
C
a
l
l
st
a
r
t
(
)
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
st
a
n
c
e
28)
Tr
y
:
29)
Lo
o
p
:
30)
P
r
i
n
t
“
S
y
s
t
e
m
i
s r
u
n
n
i
n
g
.
.
.
”
31)
S
l
e
e
p
f
o
r
5
s
e
c
o
n
d
s
32)
O
n
K
e
y
b
o
a
r
d
I
n
t
e
r
r
u
p
t
:
33)
P
r
i
n
t
“
S
h
u
t
t
i
n
g
d
o
w
n
t
h
e
s
y
st
e
m
g
r
a
c
e
f
u
l
l
y
.
.
.
”
34)
C
a
l
l
st
o
p
(
)
o
n
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
I
n
th
is
f
ir
s
t
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
co
d
e,
‘
im
p
o
r
t
tim
e
’
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
f
o
r
tim
e
-
r
elate
d
o
p
er
atio
n
s
;
‘
th
r
ea
d
in
g
’
h
elp
s
in
wo
r
k
in
g
with
th
r
ea
d
s
;
an
d
f
in
ally
,
‘
r
a
n
d
o
m
’
is
u
s
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
r
a
n
d
o
m
n
u
m
b
er
s
f
o
r
s
im
u
latin
g
an
o
m
alies.
Seco
n
d
ly
,
a
class
n
am
ed
‘
cy
b
er
Ph
y
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i
ca
lR
esil
ien
ce
s
y
s
tem
’
in
itialize
s
with
th
e
B
o
o
lean
attr
ib
u
te
‘
r
u
n
n
in
g
’
,
wh
ich
in
d
i
ca
tes
wh
eth
er
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
r
n
o
t,
a
n
d
th
e
s
tar
t,
s
to
p
,
m
o
n
ito
r
,
d
etec
t
,
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
to
a
n
o
m
alies a
r
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
s
tar
tin
g
,
s
to
p
p
in
g
,
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
th
e
an
o
m
alies,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
[
2
3
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
2
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
2
5
:
497
-
505
502
4.
DIS
CU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
th
e
cy
b
e
r
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
o
m
ain
s
m
ak
es
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
ev
er
-
g
r
ea
te
r
ch
allen
g
e.
I
n
t
h
is
ar
ea
,
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
ex
p
ed
itin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
an
d
s
p
o
ttin
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
an
g
er
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata,
r
ea
ch
i
n
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
esen
t
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
o
b
s
tacle
s
.
F
ig
u
r
e
5
ex
p
lain
s
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
ar
t,
w
h
ich
we
o
b
tain
ed
af
ter
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
d
etec
tin
g
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
th
e
an
o
m
al
y
.
T
h
e
co
d
e
is
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et
to
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h
u
t d
o
w
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
g
r
ac
ef
u
lly
.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
co
d
e
is
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
a
b
o
v
e
c
o
d
e,
wh
er
e,
as
it
d
etec
ts
an
an
o
m
aly
,
its
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
to
co
l
is
s
tar
ted
an
d
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
i
s
s
tated
.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
is
ex
ec
u
ted
,
an
d
o
n
ce
it
is
d
o
n
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
,
it
s
h
u
ts
d
o
wn
th
e
s
y
s
tem
g
r
a
ce
f
u
lly
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
p
ec
if
ic
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
b
e
in
co
r
p
o
r
at
ed
in
to
th
e
co
d
e
f
o
r
an
elec
t
r
ical
v
eh
icle
cy
b
er
s
ec
u
r
ity
ap
p
.
Her
e
ar
e
a
f
ew
ex
am
p
les:
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
An
o
m
aly
d
etec
tio
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
to
c
o
l e
x
ec
u
tio
n
4
.
1
.
Secure
co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n
p
ro
t
o
co
ls
a
nd
s
ec
ure
f
irm
wa
re
up
da
t
es
T
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
en
cr
y
p
ted
a
n
d
a
u
th
en
ticated
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
v
eh
icle
’
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
an
d
ex
ter
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
,
im
p
lem
en
t
s
ec
u
r
e
co
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
p
r
o
to
co
ls
lik
e
T
L
S
[
2
6
]
,
[
27]
.
T
h
is
less
en
s
th
e
ch
an
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
ce
p
tio
n
s
,
m
a
n
ip
u
latio
n
,
an
d
m
an
-
in
-
th
e
-
m
id
d
le
attac
k
s
.
I
m
p
lem
e
n
t
s
ec
u
r
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
f
o
r
u
p
d
atin
g
th
e
f
ir
m
war
e
o
f
t
h
e
v
eh
icle
’
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ca
n
in
clu
d
e
d
ig
ital
s
ig
n
at
u
r
e
s
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
b
o
o
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
in
te
g
r
i
ty
an
d
a
u
th
en
ticity
o
f
f
ir
m
war
e
u
p
d
ates,
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
u
n
a
u
th
o
r
ized
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
.
4
.
2
.
Acc
ess
co
ntr
o
l
m
ec
ha
nis
m
s
a
nd
s
ec
ure
da
t
a
s
t
o
ra
g
e
T
o
lim
it
an
d
r
eg
u
late
u
s
er
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
ca
r
,
p
u
t
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
in
p
lace
.
T
o
p
r
ev
en
t
u
n
wan
ted
ac
ce
s
s
,
th
is
ca
n
in
v
o
lv
e
r
o
b
u
s
t
p
ass
wo
r
d
r
estrictio
n
s
,
r
o
le
-
b
ased
ac
ce
s
s
co
n
tr
o
l,
an
d
u
s
er
au
th
en
ticatio
n
.
T
o
s
af
eg
u
a
r
d
s
to
r
e
d
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
u
s
e
s
ec
u
r
e
d
ata
s
to
r
ag
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
2
8
].
T
h
e
co
n
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
c
y
b
er
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ica
l
d
o
m
ain
s
m
ak
es
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
ec
u
r
ity
o
f
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
an
ev
e
r
-
g
r
ea
te
r
ch
allen
g
e.
I
n
th
is
ar
ea
,
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
s
itu
atio
n
al
awa
r
en
ess
,
ex
p
ed
itin
g
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
,
an
d
s
p
o
ttin
g
p
o
s
s
ib
le
d
an
g
e
r
s
.
Nev
er
th
eless
,
in
teg
r
atin
g
d
ig
ital
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
d
ata,
r
ea
ch
in
g
a
c
o
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
o
p
er
atio
n
p
r
esen
t
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
o
b
s
tacle
s
.
I
t
ap
p
ea
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
th
at
was
s
u
p
p
lied
th
at
th
e
cy
b
e
r
-
p
h
y
s
ical
r
esil
ien
ce
[2
9
]
,
[
3
0
]
s
y
s
tem
was
ab
le
to
id
en
tify
an
an
o
m
aly
,
s
tar
t
th
e
p
r
o
to
co
l,
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
ac
tiv
ities
,
an
d
s
h
u
t
d
o
wn
with
o
u
t i
n
cid
en
t.
T
h
e
o
r
d
er
in
w
h
ich
th
ese
th
in
g
s
h
ap
p
e
n
ed
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
e
d
as
p
la
n
n
ed
a
n
d
h
an
d
led
th
e
an
o
m
al
y
as
it
was
d
is
co
v
er
e
d
.
Alo
n
g
with
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
s
tep
s
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
lin
es
h
av
e
also
b
ee
n
ch
ec
k
ed
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
in
itiated
its
r
esp
o
n
s
e
p
r
o
to
co
l u
p
o
n
d
et
ec
tin
g
an
ab
n
o
r
m
ality
[
3
1
]
,
[
32
]
.
Desp
ite
th
is
,
th
e
n
o
tice
“s
y
s
tem
is
r
u
n
n
in
g
”
co
n
f
ir
m
e
d
th
at
th
e
s
y
s
tem
was
o
p
er
atin
g
n
o
r
m
al
ly
.
Up
o
n
d
is
co
v
e
r
in
g
th
e
an
o
m
aly
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ex
ec
u
te
d
r
esp
o
n
s
e
s
tep
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
t
h
e
id
en
tifie
d
p
r
o
b
lem
,
u
ltima
tely
co
n
clu
d
in
g
its
o
p
er
atio
n
s
with
a
s
m
o
o
th
s
h
u
t
d
o
wn
[
3
3
]
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
cy
b
er
-
p
h
y
s
ical
r
e
s
ilien
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
C
PR
S)
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
its
ab
ilit
y
to
d
etec
t
ir
r
e
g
u
lar
ities
,
r
esp
o
n
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iately
,
an
d
m
ain
tain
s
y
s
tem
in
teg
r
ity
b
ef
o
r
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
s
h
u
ttin
g
d
o
w
n
.
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
B
y
u
tili
zin
g
ar
tific
ial
in
tell
ig
en
ce
(
AI
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in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
,
en
c
o
u
r
ag
in
g
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
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co
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
tack
lin
g
d
ata
in
teg
r
atio
n
i
s
s
u
es,
s
m
ar
t
g
r
id
s
ec
u
r
ity
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e,
ex
ten
s
iv
e
ev
alu
atio
n
i
n
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
b
e
p
r
io
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o
r
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g
th
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ch
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r
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in
g
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p
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p
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r
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an
s
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.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
b
3
2
1
0
6
4
@
ii
it
-
b
h
.
a
c
.
i
n
.
Pa
v
a
n
K
u
m
a
r
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
p
u
r
su
in
g
a
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
t
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
In
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Bh
u
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r,
Od
ish
a
,
In
d
ia
(
b
a
tch
2
0
2
1
-
2
0
2
5
).
His
in
tere
stin
g
d
o
m
a
in
s
a
re
we
b
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t,
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
,
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
s
i
n
EV,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
e
lec
tri
c
d
ri
v
e
s
,
a
n
d
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
b
3
2
1
0
5
5
@i
ii
t
-
b
h
.
a
c
.
i
n
.
La
k
sha
y
Bh
a
r
d
wa
j
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
p
u
rs
u
in
g
a
B.
Tec
h
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
n
ics
e
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
t
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
I
n
stit
u
te
o
f
I
n
fo
rm
a
ti
o
n
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
B
h
u
b
a
n
e
sw
a
r,
Od
ish
a
,
I
n
d
ia
(
b
a
tch
2
0
2
1
-
2
0
2
5
).
His
a
re
a
s
o
f
i
n
tere
st
a
re
we
b
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t,
a
rti
ficia
l
in
telli
g
e
n
c
e
,
p
o
we
r
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
c
y
b
e
r
se
c
u
rit
y
,
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
s
in
EV
s
,
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
in
EV
b
a
tt
e
ry
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
e
x
p
lo
ra
ti
o
n
.
H
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
b
3
2
1
0
6
1
@
ii
it
-
b
h
.
a
c
.
i
n
.
S
u
r
e
n
d
e
r
Re
d
d
y
S
a
lk
u
ti
re
c
e
iv
e
d
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tri
c
a
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
fro
m
th
e
In
d
ian
In
sti
tu
te
o
f
Tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Ne
w
De
lh
i,
In
d
ia,
i
n
2
0
1
3
.
He
wa
s
a
p
o
std
o
c
t
o
ra
l
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
Ho
wa
rd
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
Was
h
in
g
to
n
,
DC,
USA,
fro
m
2
0
1
3
to
2
0
1
4
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
De
p
a
rtme
n
t
o
f
Ra
il
r
o
a
d
a
n
d
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
Wo
o
so
n
g
Un
iv
e
rsity
,
Da
e
jeo
n
,
Re
p
u
b
l
ic
o
f
Ko
re
a
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
i
n
c
lu
d
e
m
a
rk
e
t
c
lea
rin
g
,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s,
d
e
m
a
n
d
re
sp
o
n
se
,
a
n
d
sm
a
rt
g
ri
d
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
with
th
e
i
n
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
win
d
a
n
d
so
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
l
taic
e
n
e
rg
y
so
u
rc
e
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
su
re
n
d
e
r@ws
u
.
a
c
.
k
r
.
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