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Vo
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14
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25
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pp.
663
~
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I
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2252
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,
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s
[
7]
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I
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20
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[
8]
.
T
h
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ge
ne
r
a
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bli
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o
w
h
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n
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b
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f
o
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hi
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a
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bo
r
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vi
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s
[
9]
.
As
a
M
us
li
m
c
o
un
t
r
y
,
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
i
s
b
a
s
i
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a
l
ly
o
pe
r
a
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e
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i
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na
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y
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go
v
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pr
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m
i
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t
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y
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I
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l
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mi
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pr
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i
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.
T
h
us
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t
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o
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d
[
1]
.
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
’
s
I
s
l
a
mi
c
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
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s
t
r
y
h
a
s
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l
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ga
l
f
r
a
m
e
wo
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k
t
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t
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gu
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d
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t
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i
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n
c
i
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vi
c
e
s
A
ut
h
o
r
i
t
y
R
e
gu
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
P
OJ
K
)
No
.
77,
whi
c
h
wa
s
im
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
e
d
i
n
2016
to
di
r
e
c
t
m
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n
e
y
l
e
n
d
i
ng
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
d
by
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nf
o
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a
t
i
o
n
t
e
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n
o
l
o
g
y
.
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hi
s
r
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l
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c
o
n
v
e
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t
i
o
n
a
l
a
nd
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
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T
e
c
h
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
ddi
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
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l
e
s
f
o
r
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
nT
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t
h
a
t
a
r
e
i
n
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
to
t
h
e
F
at
w
a
o
f
t
h
e
Na
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
h
a
r
i
a
C
o
un
c
il
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
U
l
e
m
a
C
o
un
c
il
(
DSN
M
UI
)
No.
117
i
s
s
ue
d
i
n
2018
to
r
e
gul
a
t
e
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
-
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
d
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
S
ha
r
i
a
pr
i
nc
i
p
l
e
s
[
10]
.
T
h
e
I
ndo
n
e
s
i
a
n
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
e
c
t
or
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
wo
v
e
n
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
e
t
hi
c
a
l
va
l
ue
s
o
f
I
s
l
a
m
.
As
a
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
whi
c
h
h
a
s
a
c
o
m
pr
e
h
e
ns
i
ve
a
ppr
o
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to
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if
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,
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t
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r
ul
e
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(
i
.
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.
,
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h
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S
h
a
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pr
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)
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l
s
o
g
o
v
e
r
n
t
h
e
f
i
na
n
c
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a
l
s
e
c
t
o
r
[
11]
.
T
h
e
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
n
U
l
e
m
a
C
o
un
c
il
i
s
c
r
e
d
i
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
he
i
s
s
u
i
ng
o
f
r
e
gu
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
r
e
ga
r
d
i
ng
S
ha
r
i
a
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
.
T
hi
s
r
e
gu
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
s
n
a
m
e
d,
“
F
a
t
wa
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
do
n
e
s
ia
U
l
e
m
a
S
t
a
n
da
r
ds
C
o
un
c
il
No
.
117/DS
N
-
M
UI
//
I
I
/2018”
a
n
d
i
t
di
s
c
us
s
e
s
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
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n
t
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
-
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
d
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
.
A
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
th
a
t
o
f
f
e
r
s
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
pr
o
duc
t
s
a
n
d
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
i
s
e
x
p
e
c
t
e
d
to
s
a
t
i
s
f
y
t
h
r
e
e
r
e
qu
i
r
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m
e
n
t
s
.
F
i
r
s
t
,
i
t
m
us
t
b
e
f
r
e
e
f
r
o
m
pr
o
hi
bi
t
e
d
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
ns
;
a
n
d,
s
e
c
o
n
d
ly
,
i
t
s
pr
o
duc
t
s
a
n
d
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
m
u
s
t
a
l
s
o
b
e
i
n
t
a
n
de
m
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
S
h
a
r
i
a
pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
go
v
e
r
ni
ng
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
s
or
t
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
.
F
i
na
ll
y
,
i
t
m
us
t
uph
o
l
d
m
o
r
a
l
v
a
l
ue
s
a
n
d
pr
o
m
ot
e
r
i
g
h
t
e
o
us
de
e
ds
[
12
]
.
I
s
l
a
mi
c
F
i
nT
e
c
h
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
pr
o
vi
de
s
c
oo
pe
r
a
t
i
v
e
t
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
b
e
t
we
e
n
l
e
n
de
r
s
a
n
d
b
o
r
r
o
we
r
s
.
I
t
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
c
h
a
r
ge
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
b
ut
i
s
r
a
t
h
e
r
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
pr
o
f
i
t
-
s
ha
r
i
n
g
s
c
he
m
e
w
i
t
h
a
pr
e
-
r
e
gu
l
a
t
e
d
l
o
a
n
t
e
r
m
.
T
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
i
x
t
y
p
e
s
o
f
F
i
nT
e
c
h
.
T
h
e
t
y
pe
s
o
f
F
i
nT
e
c
h
c
o
n
t
r
a
c
t
s
a
ppr
o
v
e
d
i
n
I
s
l
a
m
i
nc
l
ude
:
Al
-
bai
’
,
I
jar
a
h,
M
udhar
abah,
M
us
har
ak
ah,
W
ak
alah,
and
Qar
dh
[
13]
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
,
o
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
s
o
f
g
l
o
ba
l
iza
t
i
o
n
i
s
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
by
M
us
li
m
o
f
a
c
o
n
c
e
pt
l
i
k
e
I
s
l
a
mi
c
or
S
h
a
r
i
a
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
,
whi
c
h
h
a
s
to
d
o
wi
t
h
t
h
e
s
t
udy
o
f
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
o
f
I
s
l
a
mi
c
l
a
w
o
r
t
e
n
e
t
s
.
T
h
i
s
wa
s
n
e
c
e
s
s
i
t
a
t
e
d
by
t
h
e
n
e
e
d
to
pr
o
m
ot
e
h
u
m
a
n
we
l
f
a
r
e
[
14]
.
T
h
e
pr
i
m
a
r
y
f
o
u
n
da
t
i
o
n
o
f
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
i
s
t
h
e
Qur
’
a
n
,
Ha
di
t
h
a
n
d
I
jt
ihad
.
T
hi
s
i
s
be
c
a
us
e
s
i
n
c
e
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
i
s
a
n
e
w
pr
o
duc
t
o
f
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
,
t
h
e
r
o
l
e
o
f
I
jt
ihad
m
u
s
t
b
e
do
m
i
na
n
t
i
n
o
r
de
r
to
f
o
r
e
s
t
a
l
l
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
i
bil
i
t
y
o
f
s
e
r
vi
c
e
pr
o
vi
de
r
s
de
vi
a
t
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
Mu
’
amala
t
s
t
a
n
da
r
ds
s
e
t
by
t
h
e
Sala
f
s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
[
15]
.
An
ot
h
e
r
i
s
s
ue
i
s
t
h
e
f
a
c
t
t
h
a
t
a
l
t
h
o
ugh
S
h
a
r
i
a
i
s
b
o
t
h
a
n
c
i
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
,
i
t
s
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
i
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
pr
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
c
a
n
s
t
i
m
u
l
a
t
e
to
a
s
i
t
ua
t
i
o
n
w
h
e
r
e
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
m
o
r
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
o
us
e
r
s
o
r
c
us
to
m
e
r
s
.
T
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
o
v
e
r
t
i
m
e
,
S
ha
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
f
i
na
n
c
e
w
il
l
de
v
e
l
o
p
i
n
t
o
a
vi
br
a
n
t
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
ll
y
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
v
e
b
us
i
ne
s
s
j
us
t
l
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ke
t
h
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t
r
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di
t
i
o
n
a
l
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
[
16]
.
T
r
a
n
s
a
c
t
i
o
n
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
I
s
l
a
mi
c
l
a
w
a
r
e
,
o
f
c
o
ur
s
e
,
b
a
s
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d
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[
17]
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[
18]
.
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hi
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by
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gr
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[
19]
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[
20]
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P
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[
21]
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[
22]
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s
[
23]
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
16]
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[
24]
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T
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[
25]
.
T
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o
r
,
i
t
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a
s
h
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d
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o
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t
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n
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n
e
ga
t
i
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i
m
p
a
c
t
s
[
26]
.
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
i
s
a
n
a
dva
n
c
e
m
e
n
t
whi
c
h
l
e
n
d
i
n
g
pr
o
duc
t
s
a
r
e
i
n
t
e
gr
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
nf
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
f
r
o
m
de
l
i
ve
r
y
t
o
a
pp
r
o
v
a
l
a
n
d
pa
y
m
e
n
t
,
o
nl
i
ne
a
n
d
s
uppo
r
t
e
d
by
S
M
S
,
s
o
t
h
a
t
l
e
n
de
r
s
a
n
d
b
o
r
r
o
we
r
s
d
o
n
ot
h
a
v
e
to
m
e
e
t
f
a
c
e
-
to
-
f
a
c
e
[
27]
.
I
n
a
s
t
udy
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
[
28]
,
t
h
e
y
n
o
t
e
t
h
a
t
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
t
udi
e
s
h
a
v
e
e
x
a
mi
ne
d
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
nT
e
c
h
o
r
t
h
e
c
o
m
bi
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
i
na
nc
i
a
l
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
w
i
t
h
I
s
l
a
m
i
c
b
a
n
k
i
ng
pr
i
n
c
i
p
l
e
s
.
T
h
e
po
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
o
f
I
s
l
a
mi
c
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
to
pr
o
m
ot
e
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
pr
o
duc
t
s
a
n
d
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
i
nc
l
us
i
o
n
i
s
e
m
p
ha
s
i
z
e
d
i
n
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
li
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
,
w
hi
c
h
a
l
s
o
un
de
r
s
c
o
r
e
s
t
h
e
gr
o
wi
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
t
F
i
nT
e
c
h
.
I
n
a
dd
i
t
i
o
n
,
i
n
[
29]
h
a
s
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
t
h
a
t
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
l
i
a
n
t
d
i
g
i
t
a
l
b
a
n
k
i
ng,
c
r
o
wdf
u
n
d
i
ng,
a
n
d
pe
e
r
-
to
-
pe
e
r
l
e
n
d
i
ng
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
m
s
a
r
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
v
e
us
e
o
f
I
s
l
a
mi
c
F
i
nT
e
c
h
.
On
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
h
a
n
d,
i
n
a
s
t
udy
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
T
h
e
E
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
c
e
U
ni
t
L
im
i
t
e
d
[
30]
,
I
s
l
a
mi
c
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
h
a
s
t
h
e
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
t
o
a
dv
a
n
c
e
f
i
na
nc
i
a
l
i
nc
l
us
i
o
n
t
h
r
o
ugh
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
to
t
h
e
unb
a
n
ke
d
a
n
d
m
o
r
a
l
a
n
d
s
o
c
i
a
l
ly
c
o
ns
c
i
o
us
i
nve
s
t
m
e
n
t
o
pp
o
r
t
uni
t
i
e
s
.
F
ur
t
h
e
r
,
ac
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
[
31]
,
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
r
e
v
o
l
ut
i
o
ni
z
e
s
t
h
e
b
a
nk
i
n
g
i
n
dus
t
r
y
by
i
nc
r
e
a
s
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ng
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
I
s
l
a
mi
c
a
n
d
f
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na
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c
i
a
l
s
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r
vi
c
e
s
a
n
d
i
m
pr
o
vi
ng
o
pe
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
.
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
nn
o
v
a
t
i
o
ns
a
c
c
e
pt
e
d
a
n
d
s
uppor
t
e
d
by
I
s
l
a
m
,
a
s
l
o
n
g
a
s
i
t
d
o
e
s
n
ot
c
o
n
t
r
a
di
c
t
t
h
e
S
h
a
r
i
a
,
i
s
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
o
r
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
[
32]
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
ng
to
[
23]
,
T
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
S
h
a
r
i
a
-
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
t
f
i
na
n
c
i
a
l
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
h
a
s
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nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
ni
e
n
c
e
i
n
o
b
t
a
i
ni
ng
c
a
s
h
n
e
e
d
s
m
o
r
e
qui
c
ke
r
a
n
d
s
im
p
l
e
.
I
n
[
33]
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
i
n
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
h
a
t
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
n
T
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c
h
h
a
s
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
d
i
n
pa
t
r
o
n
a
ge
i
n
I
n
do
ne
s
i
a
a
l
t
h
o
ugh
i
t
i
s
s
t
i
ll
inf
e
r
i
o
r
to
c
o
n
v
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n
t
i
o
n
a
l
F
i
nT
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c
h
.
A
“
c
o
n
t
r
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t
”
o
r
i
ni
t
i
a
l
a
gr
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we
e
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o
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l
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n
d
I
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l
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mi
c
F
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nT
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c
h
.
[
34]
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
t
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t
w
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t
h
t
h
e
de
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F
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T
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,
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t
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a
pp
l
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t
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o
n
n
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d
s
t
o
b
e
ba
s
e
d
o
n
f
iqh
muam
alah
(
S
h
a
r
i
a
pr
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n
c
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p
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t
h
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t
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m
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n
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
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n
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e
r
a
c
t
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o
n
)
,
whi
c
h
pr
o
hi
bi
t
may
s
ir
(
ga
m
e
o
f
c
h
a
n
c
e
)
,
ghar
ar
(
b
us
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r
f
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ll
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t
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a
n
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r
iba
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i
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r
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t
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n
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t
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)
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hi
s
a
c
t
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t
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ly
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l
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t
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n
da
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ds
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h
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F
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T
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d
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d
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t
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t
h
a
t
us
e
m
o
di
f
i
c
a
t
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o
f
S
h
a
r
i
a
pr
i
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p
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s
.
R
e
ga
r
d
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f
u
n
d
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i
n
S
h
a
r
i
a
F
i
n
T
e
c
h
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
n
o
de
t
e
r
m
i
na
t
i
o
n
o
f
i
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
l
e
n
de
r
b
e
c
a
us
e
e
v
e
r
y
t
hi
ng
i
s
de
c
i
de
d
t
h
r
o
ugh
a
c
o
n
tr
a
c
t
t
h
a
t
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
gr
e
e
d
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
be
g
i
nni
ng.
No
m
a
t
t
e
r
h
o
w
m
uc
h
i
t
c
o
s
t
s
,
c
e
r
t
a
i
n
a
d
v
a
n
t
a
ge
s
w
i
ll
be
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
ny
l
o
s
s
e
s
[
35]
.
T
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
li
a
n
c
e
w
i
t
h
halal
l
i
f
e
s
t
y
l
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
e
n
t
a
l
a
n
d
f
i
na
nc
i
a
l
s
e
c
to
r
s
i
s
dr
i
v
i
ng
t
h
e
gr
o
w
t
h
o
f
I
s
l
a
mi
c
f
i
na
nc
e
a
n
d
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
g
l
o
b
a
ll
y
,
s
ur
pa
s
s
i
ng
t
h
e
f
i
na
nc
i
a
l
i
ndus
t
r
y
’
s
a
ve
r
a
ge
gr
o
w
t
h
.
T
hi
s
pot
e
n
t
i
a
l
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l
a
t
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d
to
t
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o
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o
f
I
n
do
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e
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a
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s
S
h
a
r
i
a
mu
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amalah
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e
n
c
o
ur
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a
r
ke
t
gr
o
w
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e
c
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a
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c
e
s
s
.
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n
a
dd
i
t
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o
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,
t
h
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xi
s
t
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nc
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o
f
I
s
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mi
c
f
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na
nc
i
a
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t
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c
hn
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y
o
r
F
i
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T
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h
a
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r
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i
a
bl
e
f
i
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c
i
a
l
i
ns
t
i
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ut
i
o
n
i
s
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pe
c
t
e
d
to
b
e
a
bl
e
t
o
h
e
l
p
to
s
o
l
v
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
bl
e
m
s
o
f
t
e
n
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
nc
e
d
by
mi
c
r
o
,
s
m
a
ll
,
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
u
m
e
n
t
e
r
pr
i
s
e
s
(
M
S
M
E
s
)
in
I
n
do
n
e
s
i
a
[
36]
.
I
n
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
o
n
duc
t
e
d
by
[
37]
,
a
n
e
t
h
n
o
gr
a
phi
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
t
h
a
t
s
t
udi
e
s
t
h
e
c
u
l
t
ur
e
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
o
f
t
h
e
c
o
m
m
u
ni
t
y
,
c
o
m
m
o
nly
c
a
ll
e
d
c
i
t
i
z
e
ns
,
w
i
t
h
d
i
r
e
c
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
,
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
de
ve
l
o
pe
d
i
n
t
o
a
Ne
t
n
ogr
a
phi
c
a
l
m
e
t
h
o
d.
On
t
h
e
ot
h
e
r
h
a
n
d,
n
e
t
n
o
gr
a
phy
us
e
s
th
e
i
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
to
s
t
udy
t
h
e
c
u
l
t
ur
e
a
n
d
b
e
h
a
vi
o
r
o
f
s
ubj
e
c
t
s
c
o
m
m
o
nly
r
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
to
a
s
n
e
t
i
z
e
ns
.
K
o
z
i
n
e
t
s
[
38]
e
x
p
l
a
i
ne
d
i
n
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
de
f
i
ni
t
i
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I
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14
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:
663
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672
670
AU
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T
A
AV
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L
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L
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T
hi
s
s
t
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y
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n
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t
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n
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l
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z
e
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ny
ne
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t
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s
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s
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h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
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t
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l
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bil
i
t
y
i
s
n
o
t
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hi
s
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e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1]
S
.
T
.
W
ul
a
nda
r
i
a
nd
K
.
N
a
s
ik
,
“
E
x
a
mi
ni
ng
th
e
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
in
pe
e
r
t
o
p
e
e
r
l
e
ndi
ng
s
y
s
t
e
m
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
ms
in
c
o
n
ve
nt
i
o
na
l
F
in
T
e
c
h
a
nd
s
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
N
ur
is
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
n
and
I
s
la
m
ic
St
udi
e
s
,
vo
l.
1,
n
o
.
2,
pp.
66
–
90,
2
021,
do
i:
10.52620/j
e
is
.
v
1i
2.7.
[
2]
D
.
A
.
N
a
ut
io
n,
R
.
R
.
A
.
H
a
s
ib
ua
n,
a
nd
R
.
P
r
a
y
o
ga
,
“
L
e
ve
l
of
F
in
T
e
c
h
(
F
in
a
n
c
ia
l
T
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
)
d
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
,
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
n
g
of
F
in
T
e
c
h
(
f
in
a
n
c
ia
l
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
g
y
)
a
nd
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
of
U
I
N
N
or
th
S
uma
t
r
a
s
tu
de
nt
s
,”
J
ur
nal
P
e
ndi
di
k
an
T
am
bus
ai
,
vo
l.
5,
n
o
.
3,
pp. 9080
–
9090, 2021, do
i:
10.31004/j
p
ta
m.v
5
i3
.2423.
[
3]
Z
.
H
u,
S
.
D
in
g,
S
.
L
i,
L
.
C
h
e
n,
a
nd
S
.
Y
a
ng,
“
A
do
pt
i
o
n
in
t
e
n
ti
o
n
of
F
in
T
e
c
h
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
f
o
r
ba
nk
us
e
r
s
:
a
n
e
mpi
r
i
c
a
l
e
x
a
mi
na
ti
o
n
w
it
h a
n e
x
te
nd
e
d
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
a
c
c
e
pt
a
n
c
e
m
o
d
e
l,
”
Sy
m
m
e
tr
y
, vo
l
. 11, no
. 3, 2019, d
o
i:
10.3390/s
y
m11030340.
[
4]
N
.
A
z
iz
,
“
M
uni
c
h
pe
r
s
o
na
l
R
e
P
E
c
a
r
c
hi
ve
F
in
T
e
c
h
c
o
nt
r
ib
ut
io
n
t
o
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
’
s
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
gr
o
w
th
F
in
T
e
c
h
c
o
nt
r
ib
ut
i
o
n
to
I
ndo
n
e
s
ia
’
s
e
c
o
n
o
mi
c
gr
o
w
th
a
th
o
il
la
h p
o
s
tg
r
a
du
a
t
e
pr
o
g
r
a
m I
A
I
N
S
y
e
kh N
ur
ja
ti
C
i
r
e
b
o
n,”
n
o
. 97884, 2019.
[
5]
U
.
P
.
O
f
f
i
o
ng,
K
.
S
z
o
pi
k
-
D
e
p
c
z
y
ńs
ka
,
K
.
C
he
ba
,
a
nd
G
.
I
o
pp
o
l
o
,
“
F
in
T
e
c
h
a
s
a
di
gi
ta
l
in
n
ov
a
ti
o
n
in
mi
c
r
of
in
a
n
c
e
c
o
mpa
ni
e
s
–
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
E
ur
ope
an
J
our
nal
of
I
nnov
at
io
n
M
anage
m
e
nt
,
vo
l.
27,
n
o
.
9,
pp.
562
–
581,
2
024,
do
i:
10.1108/
E
J
I
M
-
04
-
2024
-
0462.
[
6]
I
s
ma
n
a
nd
U
.
M
u
f
id
a
h,
“
S
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
a
nd
l
e
ga
l
p
r
o
t
e
c
ti
o
n
i
n
P
2P
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
o
ns
,”
in
I
n
te
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
n
c
e
on
A
c
tu
al
I
s
l
am
ic
St
udi
e
s
, 2024, vo
l.
3, n
o
. 1, pp. 743
–
760.
[
7]
M
.
M
a
’
r
uf
,
“
T
h
e
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
of
F
in
T
e
c
h
o
n
th
e
f
in
a
n
c
ia
l
pe
r
f
o
r
m
a
nc
e
of
is
la
mi
c
ba
n
ki
ng,”
Y
udi
s
ht
ir
a
J
our
nal
:
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
our
nal
of
F
in
anc
e
and Str
at
e
gy
I
ns
id
e
, v
o
l.
1, n
o
. 1, pp. 42
–
61, 2021,
do
i:
10.53363/
y
ud.
v
1i
1.53.
[
8]
A
. H
. P
u
r
w
a
nt
in
i,
F
.
H
.
N
.
A
th
i
e
f
, a
nd F
.
M
. W
a
ha
r
in
i,
“
I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
n
c
o
ns
um
e
r
s
’
in
te
nt
i
o
n
of
a
d
o
pt
in
g
i
s
la
mi
c
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
,”
Shi
r
k
ah:
J
our
nal
of
E
c
onomic
s
and B
us
in
e
s
s
, v
ol
. 5,
no
. 2, p. 171, 2020, d
o
i:
10.22515/s
hi
r
ka
h.
v
5i
2.304.
[
9]
L
.
S
udi
r
ma
n
a
nd
H
.
S
.
D
is
e
ma
di
,
“
L
e
ga
l
pr
o
t
e
c
ti
o
n
f
or
b
o
r
r
ow
e
r
s
a
nd
bus
in
e
s
s
di
s
put
e
r
e
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
in
F
in
T
e
c
h
l
e
ndi
ng
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
,”
J
ur
nal
J
ur
i
s
pr
ude
nc
e
, v
o
l.
11, n
o
. 2, pp. 187
–
204, 2022, d
o
i
:
1
0.23917/j
ur
is
pr
ude
n
c
e
.
v
11i
2.15853.
[
10]
Y
.
T
. M
ur
y
a
nt
o
, “
T
he
ur
g
e
n
c
y
of
s
ha
r
ia
c
o
mpl
ia
nc
e
r
e
gul
a
ti
o
n
s
f
or
I
s
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
s
:
a
c
o
mpa
r
a
ti
ve
s
tu
d
y
of
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
, M
a
la
y
s
ia
a
nd t
he
U
ni
te
d
K
in
gd
om,”
J
our
nal
of
F
in
anc
ia
l
C
r
ime
, v
ol
. 30,
no
. 5, pp. 1264
–
1278, J
a
n. 2023, do
i
:
10.1108/J
F
C
-
05
-
2022
-
00
99.
[
11]
L
.
N
ugr
o
h
o
,
N
.
H
id
a
y
a
h,
A
.
B
a
da
w
i,
a
nd
A
.
M
a
s
tu
r
,
“
T
h
e
u
r
ge
n
c
y
o
f
l
e
a
de
r
s
hi
p
in
is
la
mi
c
ba
nki
ng
in
dus
tr
i
e
s
p
e
r
f
or
ma
n
c
e
,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
o
f
th
e
F
ir
s
t
A
nnual
C
on
f
e
r
e
nc
e
of
E
c
onomic
s
,
B
us
in
e
s
s
,
and
Soc
ia
l
S
c
ie
nc
e
,
2020,
pp.
1
–
8,
do
i:
10.4108/
e
a
i.
26
-
3
-
2019.2290681.
[
12]
M
.
R
.
R
a
bba
ni
,
A
.
B
a
s
h
a
r
,
N
.
N
a
w
a
z
,
S
.
K
a
r
im
,
M
.
A
s
a
d,
a
n
d
M
.
A
li
,
“
S
in
c
e
J
a
nua
r
y
2020
E
ls
e
v
i
e
r
ha
s
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
a
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
c
e
nt
r
e
w
it
h
f
r
e
e
in
f
o
r
ma
ti
o
n
in
E
ngl
is
h
a
nd
M
a
nda
r
in
o
n
th
e
n
ove
l
c
o
r
o
na
v
ir
us
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
.
T
h
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
r
e
s
our
c
e
c
e
nt
r
e
i
s
ho
s
t
e
d
o
n E
ls
e
v
i
e
r
C
o
nne
c
t
, t
h
e
c
o
mpa
n
y
‘
s
publi
c
n
e
w
s
a
nd i
nf
o
r
ma
ti
o
n
,”
n
o
. J
a
nua
r
y
, 2020.
[
13]
A
.
Y
udhi
r
a
,
“
A
n
a
ly
s
is
o
f
th
e
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
of
s
ha
r
ia
f
in
a
n
c
ia
l
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
(
F
in
T
e
c
h
)
dur
in
g
th
e
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
pa
nde
mi
c
in
I
ndo
n
e
s
ia
,”
V
al
ue
,
vo
l.
2, n
o
. 1, pp. 13
–
28, 2021, d
o
i:
10.36490
/v
a
lu
e
.
v
2i
1.118.
[
14]
M
.
T
o
d
o
r
of
,
“
S
ha
r
ia
h
-
c
o
mpl
ia
nt
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
th
e
ba
nki
ng
in
dus
tr
y
,”
E
R
A
F
or
um
,
vo
l.
19,
n
o
.
1,
pp.
1
–
17,
2018,
do
i:
10.1007/s
12027
-
018
-
0505
-
8.
[
15]
F
.
A
.
A
z
i
z
,
“
M
e
a
s
ur
in
g
th
e
s
ha
r
ia
-
c
o
mp
li
a
nt
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
Al
-
M
anahij
:
J
ur
nal
K
aj
ia
n
H
uk
um
I
s
la
m
,
vo
l.
14,
n
o
.
1,
pp. 1
–
18,
2020, do
i:
10.24090/m
nh.
v
14
i1
.3567.
[
16]
H
.
H
i
y
a
nt
i,
L
.
N
ugr
o
h
o
,
C
.
S
uka
ma
di
la
ga
,
a
nd
T
.
F
it
r
ij
a
n
ti
,
“
O
ppo
r
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
of
s
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
(
f
in
a
n
c
ia
l
te
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
)
in
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
J
ur
nal
I
lmi
ah E
k
onomi I
s
la
m
, vo
l.
5
, no
. 03, pp. 326
–
333, 2019, d
o
i:
10.29040/j
ie
i.
v
5
i3
.578 1.
[
17]
M
.
A
y
ub,
M
.
K
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
a
nd
I
.
S
a
b
a
,
“
R
e
v
is
it
in
g
th
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of
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ī
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na
n
c
e
of
I
s
la
mi
c
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
in
s
ti
tu
ti
o
ns
,”
J
our
nal
of
I
s
la
m
ic
A
c
c
ount
in
g and B
us
in
e
s
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
, v
o
l.
15, n
o
. 8, pp
. 1245
–
1265, J
a
n. 2024, do
i:
10.1
108/
J
I
A
B
R
-
04
-
2022
-
0110.
[
18]
A
.
D
w
ia
nt
o
a
nd
B
.
W
it
o
n
o
,
“
O
pt
im
i
z
in
g
f
a
c
t
o
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s
i
n
in
c
r
e
a
s
in
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th
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v
a
lu
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of
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nd
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n
e
s
ia
n
I
s
la
mi
c
ba
nk
i
ng,”
I
ndone
s
ia
n I
nt
e
r
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
J
our
nal
o
f
Shar
ia
E
c
onomic
s
(
I
I
J
SE
)
,
vo
l.
7, n
o
. 1, pp. 868
–
895, 2024, d
o
i:
10.31538/i
i
js
e
.
v
7i
1
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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671
[
19]
M
. F
. W
e
i,
Y
.
H
.
L
uh,
Y
.
H
.
H
ua
ng, a
nd Y
.
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. C
ha
ng, “
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o
ung
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e
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a
ti
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m
o
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l
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o
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r
:
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d
o
n
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n
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xt
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e
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ut
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o
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e
l,
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our
nal
of
T
he
o
r
e
ti
c
al
and
A
ppl
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d E
le
c
tr
oni
c
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om
m
e
r
c
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
v
ol
.
16,
no
.
4,
pp.
618
–
637,
2
021,
do
i:
10.3390/j
ta
e
r
16040037.
[
20]
A
. A
la
m, M
. R
. S
ul
is
ti
y
a
nt
o
,
A
. N
ur
r
a
hma
n, A
. E
l
A
s
h
f
a
ha
n
y
,
a
nd A
. S
a
i
f
ur
r
a
hma
n, “
E
x
pl
o
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
t
ha
t
hi
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r
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r
o
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e
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n
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c
e
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a
s
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y
m
ic
r
o
,
s
ma
ll
,
a
nd
me
di
um
e
nt
e
r
p
r
is
e
s
(
M
S
M
E
s
)
,”
EK
SY
A
R
:
J
ur
nal
E
k
onomi Sy
ar
i
’
ah and
B
is
ni
s
I
s
la
m
, vo
l.
9, n
o
. 2, pp. 144
–
157,
2022, do
i:
10.54956/
e
ks
y
a
r
.
v
9i
2.383.
[
21]
A
.
A
la
m
a
nd
I
.
A
.
S
a
put
r
o
,
“
A
qua
li
ta
ti
v
e
a
na
l
y
s
is
of
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e
r
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t
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h
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y
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n
c
e
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o
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e
l
(
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A
M
)
,”
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ur
nal
T
A
M
(
T
e
c
hnol
og
y
A
c
c
e
pt
anc
e
M
ode
l)
,
vo
l.
13,
n
o
.
1,
p.
9,
2
022,
do
i:
10.56327/j
u
r
na
lt
a
m.
v
13i
1.1142.
[
22]
R
.
N
a
f
ia
h
a
nd
A
.
F
a
ih
,
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A
na
l
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s
is
of
s
ha
r
ia
f
in
a
n
c
ia
l
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
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y
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in
T
e
c
h
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a
ns
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ti
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m
th
e
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e
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
of
ma
q
a
s
hi
d
s
ha
r
ia
,”
I
Q
T
I
SH
A
D
I
A
J
ur
nal
E
k
onomi and
P
e
r
bank
an Sy
ar
ia
h
, v
o
l.
6,
no
. 2, pp. 167
–
175, 2019, d
o
i:
10.19105/i
q
ti
s
ha
di
a
.v
6i
2.2479.
[
23]
R
.
H
a
s
a
n,
M
.
K
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
a
nd
S
.
A
li
y
u,
“
F
in
T
e
c
h
a
nd
is
la
m
ic
f
in
a
nc
e
:
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
g
e
nda
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
I
s
la
m
ic
E
c
onomic
s
and F
in
anc
e
(
I
J
I
E
F
)
,
vo
l.
3, n
o
.
1, pp. 75
–
94, 2020, do
i:
10.18196/i
ji
e
f
.2122.
[
24]
M
.
S
.
H
a
s
s
a
n,
M
.
A
.
I
s
la
m,
M
.
F
.
bi
n
Y
us
o
f
,
H
.
N
a
s
ir
,
a
nd
N
.
H
uda
,
“
I
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
ng
th
e
de
t
e
r
mi
na
nt
s
of
is
la
mi
c
mo
bi
l
e
F
in
T
e
c
h
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
a
c
c
e
p
ta
n
c
e
:
a
m
o
di
f
i
e
d U
T
A
U
T
2
a
pp
r
o
a
c
h
,”
R
is
k
s
, vo
l.
11, no
. 2, 2023, d
o
i:
10.3390/
r
is
ks
11020040.
[
25]
R
.
V
K
o
z
in
e
ts
,
“
N
e
tn
o
gr
a
ph
y
:
s
e
e
ki
ng
und
e
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
in
a
ne
two
r
k
e
d
c
o
mm
un
ic
a
ti
o
n
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
,”
n
o
.
M
a
r
c
h,
2019,
do
i:
10.1002/978111876
7771.wbi
e
d
c
s
067/
C
I
T
A
T
I
O
N
S
.
[
26]
A
.
W
a
r
da
ni
, A
.
N
.
I
. A
z
iz
a
h
, a
n
d M
. J
. N
a
s
hi
r
, “
M
u
s
li
m
f
a
m
il
y
me
th
o
d
s
o
n
t
he
ne
ga
ti
v
e
i
mp
a
c
t
o
f
di
gi
ta
l
te
c
hno
lo
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in
t
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ge
d
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r
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k
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r
t
a
,
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S
uh
u
f
, v
o
l
.
36
,
no
.
1,
p
p.
8
6
–
94
,
20
24
,
do
i:
10
.2
39
17
/
s
u
huf
.v
36
i1
.4
35
4.
[
27]
A
.
A
la
m,
R
.
T
.
R
a
tn
a
s
a
r
i,
C
.
M
u
a
’
a
w
a
na
h,
a
nd
R
.
A
.
H
a
mi
da
h,
“
G
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
Z
p
e
r
c
e
pt
i
o
ns
in
pa
y
in
g
Z
a
ka
t,
I
n
f
a
q,
a
nd
S
a
da
qa
h
us
in
g
F
in
T
e
c
h
:
a
c
o
mpa
r
a
ti
v
e
s
tu
d
y
of
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
a
nd
M
a
la
y
s
ia
,”
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nv
e
s
tme
nt
M
anage
m
e
nt
and
F
in
anc
ia
l
I
nn
ov
at
io
ns
,
vo
l.
19,
no
. 2, pp. 320
–
330, 2022, d
o
i:
10.21511/i
m
f
i.
19(
2
)
.2022.28.
[
28]
H
.
D
a
w
oo
d,
D
.
F
.
A
l
Z
a
dj
a
li
,
M
.
A
l
R
a
w
a
hi
,
D
.
S
.
K
a
r
i
m,
a
nd
D
.
M
.
H
a
z
ik
,
“
B
u
s
in
e
s
s
tr
e
nds
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
in
I
s
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
:
A
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
S
Y
ST
E
M
A
T
I
C
R
E
V
I
E
W
,
vo
l.
1
1, pp. 1
–
26, 2022, do
i:
10.12688/
f
1000r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.109400.1.
[
29]
Y
.
T
.
G
ökm
e
n
K
I
L
I
C
,
“
T
h
e
e
me
r
g
e
nc
e
of
is
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
a
nd
it
s
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
I
s
la
m
ic
E
c
onomic
s
and
F
in
anc
e
St
udi
e
s
, no
. S
e
pt
e
mbe
r
, pp. 212
–
236, 2023, d
o
i:
10.54
427/
ij
is
e
f
.1328087.
[
30]
T
h
e
E
c
o
n
omi
s
t
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
U
ni
t
L
im
it
e
d,
“
I
s
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
:
r
e
a
c
hi
ng
th
e
n
e
x
t
g
e
n
e
r
a
ti
o
n
of
M
us
li
ms
,”
D
ubai
I
s
la
m
ic
E
c
on
om
y
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
C
e
nt
r
e
, pp.
1
–
6, 2020.
[
31]
K
.
S
e
ti
a
w
a
ti
,
S
.
A
.
B
a
ih
a
qi
,
S
.
R
.
A
z
a
hr
a
,
V
.
A
pr
il
ia
w
a
ti
,
a
nd
H
.
F
a
jr
us
s
a
la
m,
“
I
s
la
mi
c
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
in
n
ov
a
ti
o
n:
th
e
r
o
le
of
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
i
s
la
mi
c
ba
n
ki
ng,”
J
ur
nal
I
lmu Huk
um
, vo
l.
1, n
o
. 2, pp. 119
–
124, 2024, do
i:
10.62017/s
y
a
r
ia
h.
v
1i
2.337.
[
32]
H
.
U
.
R
a
hi
ma
n,
M
.
S
.
A
.
M
.
R
.
R
a
bba
ni
,
A
.
B
a
s
ha
r
,
N
.
N
a
w
a
z
,
S
.
K
a
r
im
,
a
nd
M
.
A
.
M
.
A
li
,
“
E
x
pl
o
r
in
g
th
e
r
o
l
e
of
is
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
c
omba
ti
ng
th
e
a
f
t
e
r
s
hoc
ks
of
C
O
V
I
D
-
19:
T
h
e
o
p
e
n
s
oc
ia
l
in
nov
a
ti
o
n
of
th
e
is
la
mi
c
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
s
y
s
te
m,”
J
our
nal
o
f
O
pe
n I
nnov
at
io
n:
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, M
ar
k
e
t,
and C
om
pl
e
x
it
y
, v
o
l.
7,
no
. 2, 2021, d
o
i:
10.3390/j
oi
tm
c
7020136.
[
33]
A
. Y
a
h
y
a
, “
S
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
de
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
i
n
I
nd
o
ne
s
ia
,”
2021, d
o
i:
10.4108/
e
a
i.
17
-
7
-
2020.2302984.
[
34]
P
. Y
. A
ld
e
ba
r
a
n, “
T
h
e
e
xi
s
te
n
c
e
of
s
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
i
n I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
,”
J
ur
nal
H
uk
um
E
k
onomi I
s
la
m
, v
o
l.
2, n
o
. 1, pp. 32
–
43, 2018.
[
35
]
P
.
S
.
E
f
e
ndi
,
“
O
ppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
of
s
ha
r
ia
F
in
T
e
c
h
in
e
nc
o
u
r
a
gi
ng
th
e
e
c
o
n
o
m
y
of
K
e
di
r
i
c
o
mm
uni
t
y
M
S
M
E
s
,”
C
O
M
SE
R
V
A
I
ndone
s
ia
n
J
ur
nal
of
C
om
m
uni
ty
Se
r
v
ic
e
s
and
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
,
vol
.
2,
n
o
.
5,
pp.
373
–
382,
20
22,
do
i:
10.59141/
c
o
ms
e
r
v
a
.
v
2i
5.319.
[
36
]
M
.
I
qba
l,
N
.
P
r
a
me
s
w
a
r
a
,
a
nd
S
.
S
a
r
ip
udi
n,
“
I
s
la
mi
c
F
in
T
e
c
h
gr
o
w
th
p
r
o
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pe
c
ts
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a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
ti
n
g
M
S
M
E
s
G
r
o
w
th
:
e
v
id
e
n
c
e
in
I
ndo
n
e
s
ia
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
I
s
la
m
ic
E
c
onomic
s
and
F
in
anc
e
St
udi
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s
,
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l.
7,
n
o
.
2,
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126
–
140,
2
021,
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i:
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f
.857488.
[
37]
K
.
V
.
R
o
be
r
t,
“
N
e
tn
o
g
r
a
ph
y
:
th
e
ma
r
k
e
te
r
'
s
s
e
c
r
e
t
w
e
a
po
n,”
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ow
Soc
ia
l
M
e
di
a
U
nde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
D
r
iv
e
s
I
nnov
at
io
n
,
pp.
0
–
12,
2010.
[
38]
R
. V
.
K
oz
in
e
ts
, “
N
e
tn
o
g
r
a
ph
y
R
e
d
e
f
in
e
d,”
pp. 0
–
22, 2015.
[
39]
L
.
C
i
o
la
n
a
nd
L
.
M
a
na
s
ia
,
“
R
e
f
r
a
mi
ng
ph
o
t
ovo
i
c
e
t
o
b
oos
t
it
s
po
te
nt
ia
l
f
or
le
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
na
l
o
f
Q
ual
it
at
iv
e
M
e
th
ods
, vo
l.
16, n
o
. 1, pp. 1
–
12, 2017, d
o
i:
10.117
7/
1609406917700647.
[
40]
R
. V
. K
oz
in
e
ts
,
N
e
tn
ogr
aphy
:
T
he
E
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
G
ui
de
t
o Q
ual
it
at
iv
e
Soc
ia
l
M
e
di
a R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
. S
A
G
E
P
ubl
ic
a
ti
o
ns
I
n
c
., 2019.
[
41]
G
.
M
.
P
a
dr
i
c
e
l
li
,
G
.
P
unz
ia
no
,
a
nd
B
.
S
a
r
a
c
in
o
,
“
V
ir
tu
a
l
v
s
D
i
gi
ta
l :
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x
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mpl
e
s
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e
tn
o
gr
a
ph
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nd
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gi
ta
l
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th
n
o
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ph
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o
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r
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tu
di
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s
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or
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c
o
mpa
r
is
o
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
m
e
t
h
o
ds
,”
A
th
e
ns
J
our
nal
of
So
c
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
8,
n
o
.
4,
pp.
259
–
278,
2
021,
do
i:
10.30958/ajs
s
.8
-
4
-
4.
[
42]
G
.
M
.
M
o
r
a
is
,
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.
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.
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nt
o
s
,
a
nd
C
.
A
.
G
o
n
c
a
l
ve
s
,
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e
t
no
gr
a
ph
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ig
in
s
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o
unda
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o
ns
,
e
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ti
o
n
a
nd
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x
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o
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l
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nd
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nt
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nd
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o
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ph
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ns
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o
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o
ns
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e
vo
lu
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nd
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x
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o
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l
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nd
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th
o
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o
l
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a
l,
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he
Q
ual
it
at
iv
e
R
e
por
t
, vo
l.
25, n
o
. 2, pp. 441
–
455, 2020, d
o
i:
10.46743/2160
-
3715/2020.4227.
[
43]
J
.
A
.
W
ib
o
w
o
,
G
.
P
r
i
y
ow
id
o
d
o
,
a
nd
D
.
Y
o
a
ni
ta
,
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e
l
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-
di
s
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l
os
ur
e
in
in
t
e
r
p
e
r
s
o
na
l
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o
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c
a
ti
o
n
of
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nl
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e
da
ti
ng
a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
n
us
e
r
s
l
oo
ki
ng
f
or
a
l
i
f
e
pa
r
tn
e
r
,”
E
-
K
om
uni
k
as
i
, vo
l.
9, n
o
. 2, pp
. 1
–
8, 2021.
[
44]
R
. V
.
K
oz
in
e
ts
, “
K
oz
in
e
ts
_2010,”
J
our
nal
of
M
ar
k
e
ti
ng R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
, vo
l.
X
X
X
I
X
, n
o
. F
e
br
ua
r
y
, pp. 61
–
72, 2002.
[
45]
A
.
K.
M
.
K
ha
di
ja
h,
T
.
M
.
A
.
N
.
S
i
ti
,
Y
.
B
.
N
.
S
it
i,
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e
tn
o
gr
a
ph
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tu
d
y
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e
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li
t
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e
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r
e
s
s
i
o
n
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ti
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e
th
ni
c
f
a
c
e
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k
c
o
mm
uni
ti
e
s
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
of
s
oc
ia
l
c
o
n
tr
a
c
ts
,”
J
ur
nal
K
om
uni
k
as
i:
M
al
ay
s
ia
n
J
ou
r
nal
o
f
C
om
m
uni
c
at
io
n
,
v
o
l.
38,
n
o
.
2,
pp.
16
–
37, 2022, do
i:
10.17576/J
K
M
J
C
-
2022
-
3802
-
02.
[
46]
G
.
R
.
S
a
br
in
a
,
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o
s
it
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ne
ti
z
e
n
c
o
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nt
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th
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f
il
m
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o
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tu
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e
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ns
ta
gr
a
m
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c
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unt
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il
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ik
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a
nds
a
hr
e
)
,”
I
N
N
O
V
A
T
I
V
E
:
J
our
nal
O
f
Soc
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
v
o
l.
3,
no
.
5,
pp.
1
–
11,
2
023,
do
i:
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tp
s
:/
/d
o
i.
or
g/
10.31004/i
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ov
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.
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3
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.5335.
[
47]
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o
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.
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.
P
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.
E
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o
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nd
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.
Y
.
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o
l
c
a
t
o
,
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o
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g
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oc
ia
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
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h
o
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o
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e
c
o
mm
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s
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e
b
e
n
e
f
it
s
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e
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o
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a
ph
y
,”
A
th
e
ns
J
our
nal
of
Soc
ia
l
Sc
ie
n
c
e
s
, v
o
l.
7, n
o
. 1,
pp. 9
–
38, 2019, do
i:
10.30958/ajs
s
.7
-
1
-
1.
[
48]
W
.
S
.
N
.
A
de
,
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ns
ta
gr
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me
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ia
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ur
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e
tn
ogr
af
i
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om
uni
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as
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o
l.
1,
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.
1,
pp.
1
–
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2
022,
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i:
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tn
o
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i.
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1i
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[
49]
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.
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.
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r
ne
r
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.
B
a
r
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r
is
,
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nd
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.
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uc
kl
e
y
,
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h
e
e
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ut
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o
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in
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e
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h
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s
t
-
c
r
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r
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gm,”
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e
or
ge
to
w
n
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our
na
l
o
f
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
L
aw
,
vo
l.
47, n
o
. 4, pp. 1271
–
1320, 2016.
[
50]
M
.
N
a
s
r
ul
la
h,
“
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mpl
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o
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ns
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li
te
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ie
w
s
tu
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y
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e
m
ak
U
ni
v
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r
s
al
J
ou
r
nal
of
I
s
la
m
and Shar
ia
, v
o
l.
2, n
o
. 3, pp.
347
–
360, 2024, do
i:
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e
uj
is
.
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2i
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51]
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.
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ul
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o
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l,
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ul
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e
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ngua
ge
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
c
o
mm
uni
ti
e
s
,”
C
al
ic
o
J
our
nal
(
O
nl
i
ne
)
I
SSN
2056
-
9017
, vo
l.
32, pp. 426
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448, 2015, d
oi
:
d
o
i :
10.1558
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j.
v
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3.26636.
[
52]
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.
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h,
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.
R
.
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ke
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,
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o
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n
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e
e
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k
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v
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te
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o
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l
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s
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it
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ia
l
and
P
e
r
s
onal
it
y
P
s
y
c
hol
ogy
C
om
pas
s
, v
o
l.
4, n
o
. 8, pp. 517
–
530, 2010, d
o
i:
10.
1111/j
.1751
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9004.2010.00285.
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53]
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. M
.
G
.
D
a
ni
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l
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e
e
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c
k
o
n p
e
r
f
or
ma
n
c
e
,”
pp. 1
–
37, 2023.
[
54]
E
.
C
ho
i,
D
.
A
.
J
o
hns
o
n,
K
.
M
oo
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a
nd
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.
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h,
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f
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nd
e
m
o
ti
o
na
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
s
,”
vo
l.
38, pp. 97
–
115, 2018, d
o
i
:
10.1080/
01608061.2017.1423151.
[
55]
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.
M
a
w
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r
di
,
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.
A
f
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nd
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.
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ue
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nha
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g
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Sahm:
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ur
nal
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uk
um
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k
onomi Sy
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h
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l.
1,
no
. 1, pp. 43
–
52, 2023.
[
56]
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.
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is
w
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l.
5, n
o
. 1, pp. 31
–
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oi
:
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[
57]
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l.
5, n
o
. 1, pp. 461
–
472, 2023, d
o
i:
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5i
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