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IJ
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8776
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G,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
Gen
er
alize
d
Fre
q
u
en
c
y
Div
i
s
io
n
M
u
ltip
lex
in
g
(
GFD
M)
an
d
FB
MC,
ar
e
in
v
e
s
ti
g
ated
i
n
[
8
]
.
No
t
q
u
i
te
th
e
s
a
m
e
as
th
e
p
ast
w
r
i
tten
w
o
r
k
s
,
w
e
talk
ab
o
u
t
t
h
o
s
e
co
m
p
e
tito
r
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
i
talit
y
p
r
o
f
icie
n
c
y
(
E
E
)
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
I
n
p
ar
tic
u
lar
,
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
h
an
d
s
e
t
d
esig
n
s
ar
e
i
n
itial
l
y
p
r
esen
ted
w
i
th
t
h
e
r
elatin
g
p
o
w
er
m
o
d
els.
Nex
t,
n
e
w
s
o
r
ts
o
f
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
s
w
it
h
t
h
e
v
italit
y
p
r
o
f
icie
n
c
y
co
n
s
id
er
-
atio
n
ar
e
talk
ed
ab
o
u
t,
w
h
er
e
w
e
ar
r
an
g
e
th
e
m
i
n
to
t
w
o
s
ec
tio
n
s
,
to
b
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
th
e
s
ep
ar
atin
g
b
ased
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
-
b
a
s
ed
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
.
So
m
e
h
an
d
y
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
an
d
u
s
a
g
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
ies
o
f
n
e
w
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
ar
e
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
ex
p
o
u
n
d
ed
to
g
iv
e
a
co
m
p
l
ete
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
Fo
r
r
ea
s
o
n
ab
le
co
r
r
elatio
n
,
w
e
ac
tu
alize
t
h
e
ab
o
v
e
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
u
t
ilizi
n
g
th
e
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
in
g
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
r
ad
io
(
SDR
)
b
ased
m
o
d
el
s
ta
g
e
an
d
cr
ea
te
t
h
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
est
i
m
atio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
a
n
d
i
n
ad
d
itio
n
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
s
.
W
e
t
h
en
f
in
is
h
u
p
t
h
is
ar
ticle
w
i
th
s
o
m
e
o
p
en
i
n
g
e
x
p
lo
r
atio
n
is
s
u
es.
2.
SUM
M
E
D
UP
ST
RUCT
UR
E
AND
B
AS
E
L
I
NE
W
ith
o
u
t
lo
s
s
o
f
a
ll
i
n
clu
s
i
v
e
s
tate
m
en
t,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
a
s
u
m
m
ed
u
p
m
u
lti
-
clie
n
t
h
a
n
d
s
et
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
r
e
m
o
t
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
a
s
ap
p
ea
r
ed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
an
n
el
co
d
in
g
/
u
n
r
a
v
elli
n
g
,
t
h
e
f
o
r
ce
ad
ap
tatio
n
/lev
ell
in
g
a
n
d
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
t
h
e
s
i
f
ti
n
g
/d
e
f
ilter
i
n
g
s
q
u
ar
es.
T
h
e
q
u
a
n
ti
t
y
o
f
clien
t
s
a
n
d
as
s
et
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
ar
e
d
e
-
n
o
ted
b
y
K
a
n
d
N
i
n
d
i
v
id
u
all
y
.
I
n
t
h
e
b
en
c
h
m
ar
k
(
L
T
E
-
A
)
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
,
K
i
s
b
ee
n
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
o
r
n
o
t
as
m
u
c
h
as
N
w
it
h
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
e
n
d
g
o
al
to
p
lay
o
u
t
th
e
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
a
l
r
e
m
o
t
e
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
w
h
i
le
in
t
h
e
5
G
p
h
y
s
ical
la
y
er
,
w
e
c
an
b
r
ea
k
t
h
is
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
t
b
y
p
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
it
y
i
n
t
h
e
w
a
v
ef
o
r
m
ad
v
an
ce
s
.
As ill
u
s
tr
ated
s
o
m
e
ti
m
e
r
ec
en
tl
y
,
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
alit
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es c
o
n
t
ain
.
3.
I
NF
RAS
T
RUC
T
UR
E
SH
A
RIN
G
T
h
e
ex
p
o
n
en
t
ial
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
w
o
r
ld
w
id
e
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
a
ctiv
it
y
i
n
ter
es
t
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
b
illi
o
n
s
o
f
ass
o
ciate
d
s
h
r
e
w
d
g
ad
g
et
s
.
Mo
r
e
-
o
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
ese
n
tatio
n
o
f
n
e
w
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
s
o
r
ts
s
u
c
h
as
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
to
-
m
ac
h
in
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ce
i
s
f
u
r
th
er
ac
ce
ler
ati
n
g
th
is
p
atte
r
n
.
T
o
m
ee
t
t
h
ese
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
,
n
o
t
j
u
s
t
d
o
a
h
u
g
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
e
w
B
Ss
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
s
en
t
ea
ch
y
ea
r
,
b
e
th
at
as
it
m
a
y
,
t
h
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
r
an
g
e
ad
d
itio
n
all
y
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
estee
m
ed
a
n
d
u
tili
z
ed
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
el
y
.
Sp
u
r
r
ed
b
y
s
u
c
h
p
atter
n
s
an
d
v
ar
iab
les,
b
ase
s
h
ar
i
n
g
is
tu
r
n
in
g
i
n
to
th
e
p
r
er
eq
u
is
ite
f
o
r
v
i
talit
y
an
d
c
o
s
t
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
.
S
y
s
te
m
s
h
ar
i
n
g
is
li
k
e
w
i
s
e
s
t
u
d
-
ied
in
.
S
p
ec
if
icall
y
,
d
iv
er
s
e
ce
n
tr
e
s
y
s
te
m
ad
m
in
is
tr
ato
r
s
ar
e
p
e
r
m
it
ted
to
in
ter
f
ac
e
w
it
h
a
r
ad
io
ac
ce
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
,
w
h
er
e
b
o
th
s
y
s
te
m
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
an
d
r
ad
io
as
s
et
s
ar
e
s
h
ar
ed
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
e
x
p
o
u
n
d
s
o
n
v
ar
io
u
s
s
it
u
atio
n
s
an
d
u
s
e
ca
s
es
o
f
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
'
r
ad
io
s
h
ar
in
g
,
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
u
p
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
p
r
o
f
icien
t a
s
s
et
s
h
ar
i
n
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Su
m
m
ed
u
p
Mu
lti
-
C
lien
t H
a
n
d
s
et
Str
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
R
e
m
o
te
Fra
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
B
u
s
i
n
ess
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
es
a
n
d
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
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n
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o
f
a
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d
d
r
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s
an
d
b
o
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n
d
ar
ies
f
o
r
s
y
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te
m
s
h
ar
in
g
ar
e
ex
a
m
in
ed
in
,
w
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cr
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o
f
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esear
c
h
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n
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ical
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r
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
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2
2
5
2
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Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
106
–
1
1
0
108
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
ar
i
n
g
f
o
r
d
is
ti
n
ctiv
e
ac
ce
s
s
s
y
s
te
m
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
,
i
n
b
o
th
u
r
b
an
an
d
r
u
s
tic
r
an
g
e
s
.
P
lan
s
o
f
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
as
s
et
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
i
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
h
ar
i
n
g
s
itu
a
tio
n
s
an
d
f
i
n
an
c
ial
e
f
f
ec
ts
o
n
OP
E
X
an
d
C
A
P
E
X
ar
e
ex
h
ib
ited
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
E
v
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
5
G
Fo
r
th
e
ass
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
s
u
ch
id
ea
s
,
b
r
o
ad
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
le
v
e
l
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
ar
e
led
.
An
ex
clu
s
i
v
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
lev
el
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t,
w
h
ic
h
is
b
ei
n
g
w
o
r
k
ed
o
n
,
is
u
til
ized
f
o
r
ch
ec
k
i
n
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
lev
el,
h
u
b
s
h
ar
i
n
g
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
ele
m
en
ts
,
an
d
r
a
n
g
e
p
er
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
,
an
d
it
ass
e
s
s
es
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
e
x
p
er
i
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
s
et
u
p
is
co
m
p
letel
y
ad
j
u
s
t
ab
le
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
s
o
r
ts
o
f
ce
ll
s
(
i.e
.
,
m
ac
r
o
ce
lls
a
n
d
litt
le
ce
ll
S.)
Sp
ec
if
icall
y
,
it
i
s
co
n
ce
i
v
ab
le
to
cu
s
to
m
-
ize
t
h
e
ac
co
m
p
a
n
y
in
g
:
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
p
la
y
ar
ea
,
th
e
r
an
g
e
s
o
r
t
(
e.
g
.
,
Den
s
e
Ur
b
an
)
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
m
ac
i
n
to
s
h
r
o
-
B
Ss
an
d
th
eir
in
ter
s
ite
s
ep
ar
atio
n
s
,
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
litt
le
ce
lls
p
er
f
u
ll
s
ca
le
B
S,
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
an
d
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
e
n
d
-
clien
t
g
ad
g
et
s
i
n
th
e
p
la
y
ar
e
a,
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
i
b
le
ad
m
i
n
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
w
a
y
L
OS
S.
W
h
en
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
ac
ti
v
it
y
i
s
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
(
w
it
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
o
t
zo
n
es
-
a
s
a
n
illu
m
i
n
atio
n
,
w
e
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
at,
in
h
o
t
zo
n
es,
clie
n
ts
ar
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
ar
o
u
n
d
li
ttle
ce
ll
s
)
,
th
e
v
itali
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
i
s
ass
es
s
ed
b
y
lo
o
k
in
g
at
an
ess
e
n
tial
s
ce
n
ar
io
(
i.e
.
,
n
o
s
h
ar
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
-
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
o
f
th
e
f
o
u
r
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
s
in
a
ter
r
ito
r
y
w
o
r
k
s
it
s
o
w
n
p
a
r
ticu
lar
p
h
y
s
ical
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
As
p
er
t
h
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
r
es
u
lt
s
,
t
h
e
m
ea
n
in
g
o
f
v
italit
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
is
t
h
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
i
n
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
.
W
h
ile
c
u
tti
n
g
ed
g
e
ce
ll
s
y
s
te
m
s
w
o
r
k
ed
b
y
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
p
p
lier
s
h
av
e
t
h
e
ab
il
it
y
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
w
el
l
in
s
id
e
t
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
Qo
S
ed
g
e
th
at
th
e
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
r
eq
u
e
s
t
s
,
th
is
i
s
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
ed
w
it
h
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
v
itali
t
y
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
,
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
m
i
n
i
m
al
f
o
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
a
n
d
en
h
an
ce
d
Qo
S/ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
v
italit
y
p
r
o
f
ic
ien
c
y
ca
n
b
r
in
g
ab
o
u
t
lo
w
er
OP
E
X,
an
d
it
ca
n
l
ik
e
w
i
s
e
b
e
r
ec
ap
italize
d
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
Qo
S
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
t
h
at
co
n
q
u
er
an
y
h
in
d
r
an
c
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
t
h
er
a
an
d
5
G
w
as
tef
u
l
n
es
s
,
u
n
d
er
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
ad
io
ab
ilit
ies,
w
h
a
t
'
s
m
o
r
e,
o
v
er
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
i
n
g
.
4.
CL
I
E
N
T
S AR
E
CO
NC
E
NT
RAT
E
D
T
O
P
AR
T
I
CU
L
AR
SPO
T
S,
F
URTH
E
R
M
O
RE
,
CAN
B
E
P
RE
S
E
NT
E
D
W
I
T
H
T
H
E
E
XP
ANS
I
O
N
O
F
L
I
T
T
L
E
CE
L
L
S
T
O
T
H
E
SE
H
O
T
Z
O
NE
S
I
n
o
u
r
e
n
d
ea
v
o
u
r
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
t
y
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
w
e
ar
e
b
r
ea
k
i
n
g
th
is
s
t
u
d
y
in
to
th
r
ee
p
ar
ticu
lar
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
s
tag
e
s
:
a.
th
e
as
s
ess
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
r
ef
er
e
n
c
e
s
itu
at
io
n
(
i.e
.
,
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
e
ar
e
atte
m
p
tin
g
to
m
a
k
e
s
tr
i
d
es
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
W
o
r
d
s
Th
a
t
A
cc
u
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a
tely
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u
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e
Tech
5
g
V
ir
tu
a
l Zero
La
ten
cy
(
V
.
N
ikith
a
)
109
b.
s
tag
e
1
,
in
w
h
ic
h
w
e
ar
e
i
m
p
air
in
g
t
h
e
b
ase
o
f
th
r
ee
s
u
p
p
li
er
s
w
h
ile
k
ee
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
ac
t
iv
i
t
y
r
eq
u
est
at
th
e
s
a
m
e
lev
e
l
-
in
th
is
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
,
e
v
er
y
s
it
u
atio
n
h
as
a
n
b
alan
ce
d
litt
le
ce
ll
n
u
m
b
er
(
p
u
t
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
)
,
p
o
in
tin
g
to
in
g
est t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
r
eq
u
est r
eg
ar
d
in
g
Qo
S.
c.
s
tag
e
2
,
in
w
h
ich
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
lace
th
ick
n
es
s
s
p
atial
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
is
ch
ec
k
ed
in
t
h
e
s
it
u
atio
n
o
f
th
e
o
f
f
lo
ad
i
n
g
p
ico
ce
lls
;
tak
i
n
g
a
f
ter
th
e
s
a
m
e
r
ec
r
ea
tio
n
tr
ials
as
s
tag
e
1
,
w
e
co
n
t
in
u
e
w
it
h
th
e
c
h
o
ice
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
litt
le
ce
lls
f
o
r
th
e
h
o
t z
o
n
e
s
.
I
n
s
ta
g
e
1
,
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
a
g
g
r
e
g
ate
f
o
r
ce
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
q
u
ic
k
l
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
a
s
a
s
u
b
s
ta
n
tial
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ar
e
as
a
r
u
le
to
tall
y
in
ca
p
ac
itated
.
W
e
ca
n
l
ik
e
w
i
s
e
h
o
p
e
to
s
ee
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
th
e
Qo
S
o
f
t
h
e
clie
n
ts
t
h
at
o
u
tco
m
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
u
d
d
en
ab
s
e
n
ce
o
f
ac
c
es
s
ib
le
s
y
s
te
m
as
s
ets
i
n
t
h
e
m
ac
r
o
lay
er
.
No
t
w
it
h
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
as
t
h
e
q
u
a
n
tit
y
o
f
li
ttle
ce
lls
s
co
p
e
zo
n
e
o
f
th
ese
ce
lls
en
co
u
n
ter
a
ch
a
n
g
e
i
n
Q
o
S
w
h
ile
th
e
f
o
r
ce
u
tili
za
t
io
n
i
s
k
ep
t
at
lo
w
le
v
e
ls
.
T
h
e
s
it
u
atio
n
o
f
litt
le
ce
ll
s
,
b
e
th
a
t
as
it
m
a
y
,
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
tell
ig
e
n
t
o
u
tlin
e
a
s
o
p
p
o
s
ed
to
s
tack
in
g
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
s
i
n
ce
it
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
f
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
th
e
C
h
an
g
e
i
n
Qo
S
T
h
is
co
m
m
a
n
d
s
t
h
e
litt
le
ce
ll
r
ad
io
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
g
o
es
ab
o
u
t
as
an
o
f
f
s
et
f
o
r
th
e
ch
a
n
g
e
in
Qo
S.
I
n
th
i
s
m
a
n
n
er
,
in
s
tag
e
t
w
o
,
less
lit
tle
ce
lls
ar
e
c
h
o
s
en
,
h
o
w
e
v
er
th
e
y
ar
e
s
et
i
n
m
o
r
e
v
i
tal
ar
ea
s
(
p
r
o
b
lem
ar
ea
s
)
.
T
h
er
e,
th
ey
ac
co
m
p
l
is
h
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
n
o
te
w
o
r
t
h
y
co
n
ce
iv
ab
le
v
ital
it
y
p
r
o
f
icie
n
c
y
,
th
e
lea
s
t
p
o
w
er
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tili
za
t
io
n
,
a
n
d
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
Qo
S
/ex
ec
u
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
itali
t
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
ca
n
b
r
in
g
ab
o
u
t lo
w
er
OP
E
X,
an
d
it
ca
n
lik
e
w
is
e
b
e
r
ec
ap
italized
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
er
Qo
S
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
t
h
at
cr
o
s
s
o
v
er
a
n
y
b
ar
r
ier
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
f
o
u
r
th
er
a
an
d
5
G.
5.
T
H
E
CO
NV
E
NC
T
I
O
NA
L
RIM
SCH
E
M
E
S
B
eg
in
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
e
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lo
r
atio
n
in
a
m
a
g
n
if
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n
t
e
x
er
tio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
p
aid
to
o
u
tlin
e
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
atio
n
p
o
in
ts
o
f
v
ie
w,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
t
h
e
j
o
in
t
ce
ll
a
f
f
iliat
io
n
a
n
d
f
o
r
ce
co
n
tr
o
l
(
J
C
A
P
C
)
p
lan
s
in
a
m
u
lti
-
le
v
el
5
G
R
AN
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
.
So
m
e
o
f
t
h
ese
i
n
tr
i
g
u
in
g
R
I
M
p
lan
s
ar
e
tal
k
ed
ab
o
u
t a
s
t
ak
e
a
f
ter
k
ee
p
i
n
g
in
m
i
n
d
t
h
e
e
n
d
g
o
al
to
ad
d
r
ess
co
-
ch
a
n
n
e
l
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
i
s
s
u
es
o
cc
u
r
in
g
i
n
s
id
e
B
S
s
o
f
UDN
s
an
d
m
ee
t
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
o
f
to
u
c
h
y
m
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
v
o
l
u
m
e
s
r
elate
d
Qo
S
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
(
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
h
i
g
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ates,
m
o
r
e
s
y
s
te
m
u
n
w
av
er
i
n
g
q
u
al
it
y
,
co
n
s
is
te
n
t
v
er
s
a
tili
t
y
,
h
i
g
h
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
p
r
o
tectio
n
an
d
lo
w
i
n
ac
ti
v
it
y
)
,
h
a
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
r
o
p
elled
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
(
A
I
M)
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
W
ith
th
e
A
I
M
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
e
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
atio
n
at
t
h
e
c
lien
t
g
ea
r
(
UE
)
-
s
id
e
is
s
i
m
ilar
l
y
w
ei
g
h
ted
w
it
h
th
at
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
id
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
atio
n
(
i.e
,
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
D2
D
s
y
s
te
m
)
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
th
o
u
g
h
t
is
to
m
a
k
e
e
v
er
y
r
ec
ip
ien
t
(
i.e
.
,
UE
)
f
it
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
itin
g
t
h
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
i
g
n
als,
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
t
w
ea
k
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
s
tar
s
,
co
d
in
g
p
la
n
,
ch
an
n
el
an
d
as
s
et
allo
ca
tio
n
.
I
n
th
is
w
a
y
,
ev
er
y
co
llec
t
o
r
tr
ies
to
i
d
en
tify
a
n
d
d
ec
o
d
e
im
a
g
es
o
f
th
e
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
s
ig
n
al
s
w
it
h
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
e
n
d
g
o
al
to
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ec
o
g
n
ize
th
e
s
o
lid
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
o
b
s
tr
u
c
tio
n
a
m
o
n
g
n
ei
g
h
b
o
u
r
i
n
g
ce
lls
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
w
ar
m
cla
m
o
u
r
in
its
f
ac
t
u
al
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
attr
i
b
u
tes.
On
ce
d
ec
o
d
ed
,
th
e
o
b
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
i
g
n
s
ca
n
b
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
5
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
1
6
:
106
–
1
1
0
110
r
ec
r
ea
ted
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
lo
ca
t
o
r
/d
ec
o
d
e
r
y
ield
an
d
cr
o
s
s
ed
o
u
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
g
o
t
s
ig
n
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
cr
av
ed
s
i
g
n
in
ter
p
r
etin
g
ex
ec
u
tio
n
,
f
o
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
h
i
g
h
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
r
ates
6.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
s
o
f
as
s
et
s
h
ar
i
n
g
i
n
5
G
s
etti
n
g
s
:
cu
r
r
e
n
t
s
tatu
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
s
p
ec
ts
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
h
a
v
e
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
th
at,
in
a
f
o
u
r
-
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
ato
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t,
w
h
e
n
th
e
ad
m
in
i
s
tr
ato
r
s
ar
e
s
er
v
ed
b
y
t
h
e
b
ase
o
f
o
n
e,
n
o
te
w
o
r
t
h
y
v
ital
it
y
ad
d
iti
o
n
s
o
f
ar
o
u
n
d
h
alf
ca
n
b
e
a
cc
o
m
p
li
s
h
ed
w
h
il
e
k
ee
p
in
g
u
p
t
h
e
q
u
alit
y
th
a
t
w
as
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
h
ar
i
n
g
.
Fu
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
o
u
g
h
t
to
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
th
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
an
d
a
s
s
es
s
m
en
t
o
f
n
e
w
a
n
s
w
er
s
f
o
r
ac
co
m
p
li
s
h
i
n
g
a
s
s
et
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
it
y
b
y
ca
p
italizin
g
o
n
t
h
e
id
ea
o
f
r
a
n
g
e
s
h
ar
in
g
as
w
ell.
I
n
s
y
n
o
p
s
is
,
w
e
h
a
v
e
r
e
v
ie
w
ed
t
w
o
s
o
r
ts
o
f
n
e
w
w
a
v
e
-
s
h
ap
es
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
E
E
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
h
y
p
o
t
h
etica
l
s
t
u
d
ies,
b
o
th
t
h
e
s
p
r
ea
d
in
g
-
b
ase
d
an
d
s
i
f
ti
n
g
b
ased
w
a
v
e
f
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
w
b
etter
E
E
ex
ec
u
t
io
n
o
v
er
t
h
e
cu
s
to
m
ar
y
L
T
E
-
A
b
ased
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
T
o
ch
ec
k
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
a
tic
r
esu
lt
s
,
w
e
h
av
e
ac
tu
alize
d
all
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
l
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
w
av
e
f
o
r
m
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
SDR
s
tag
e,
w
h
er
e
th
e
esti
m
at
io
n
r
es
u
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
at
e
th
e
s
a
m
e
co
n
d
u
ct
p
ar
ticu
l
ar
l
y
in
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
o
r
h
ig
h
SN
R
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
at
io
n
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
N Bh
u
sh
a
n
e
t
a
l,
Ne
tw
o
rk
D
e
n
sif
i
c
a
ti
o
n
:
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
t
th
e
m
e
f
o
r
wire
-
les
s ev
o
lu
ti
o
n
in
t
o
5
G
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
.
,
v
o
l.
5
2
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
82
–
89
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
O
G
A
li
u
;
A
I
m
r
a
n
;
MA
Im
r
a
n
;
B
Ev
a
n
s
,
A
S
u
rv
e
y
o
f
S
e
l
f
Org
a
n
is
a
ti
o
n
I
n
F
u
tu
re
Ce
ll
u
lar Ne
tw
o
rk
s
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
S
u
rv
e
y
s T
u
ts
,
v
o
l.
1
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
3
3
6
-
3
6
1
,
2
0
1
3
.
[3
]
R
Ra
z
a
v
i
;
M
AL
-
I
m
a
ri
;
M
A
I
m
ra
n
;
R
Ho
s
h
y
a
r;
D
Ch
e
n
,
On
Re
c
e
iv
e
r
De
si
g
n
f
o
r
Up
li
n
k
L
o
w
De
n
sity
S
ig
n
a
tu
re
OFDM
(L
DS
-
OFDM
)
,
IEE
E
T
ra
n
s.
Co
mm
u
n
,
v
o
l.
6
0
,
n
o
.
1
1
,
p
p
.
3
4
9
9
–
3
5
0
8
,
2
0
1
2
.
[4
]
B
F
a
rh
a
n
g
-
Bo
ro
u
jen
y
,
OFDM
V
e
rsu
s F
il
ter Ban
k
M
u
lt
ica
rrier
,
IE
E
E
S
i
g
n
a
l
Pro
c
e
ss
.
M
a
g
,
v
o
l.
2
8
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
92
–
1
1
2
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
Y
Ch
e
n
;
S
Zh
a
n
g
;
S
X
u
;
G
Y L
i
,
F
u
n
d
e
m
a
n
tal
T
ra
d
e
o
ff
s o
n
G
re
e
n
W
irele
ss
N
e
t
w
o
rk
s
,
IEE
E
Co
mm
u
n
.
M
a
g
,
v
o
l.
4
9
,
n
o
.
6
,
p
p
.
30
–
37
,
2
0
1
1
.
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