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Scie
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1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
Me
asu
r
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g
p
er
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tan
t
is
s
u
e
o
f
a
n
y
o
r
g
an
iza
ti
o
n
s
[
1
-
3
]
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
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m
en
t
is
u
s
ed
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en
s
u
r
e
th
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p
r
o
g
r
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h
as
ac
h
iev
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th
e
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x
p
ec
ted
g
o
als.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
is
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
all
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ce
s
h
a
v
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b
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tili
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d
ef
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ef
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s
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s
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le
m
an
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h
is
is
in
l
in
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w
i
th
[
4
]
w
h
ic
h
u
n
d
er
li
n
e
s
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
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ea
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r
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m
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n
t
is
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c
u
m
u
lati
v
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m
ea
s
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r
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all
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e
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r
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n
d
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ec
h
a
n
is
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in
a
s
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m
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n
er
.
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h
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Go
v
er
n
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ce
I
n
s
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T
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m
s
t
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ea
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t
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p
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I
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m
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g
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m
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u
cted
i
n
o
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d
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m
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t
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p
a
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T
-
re
lated
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er
v
ices
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d
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o
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s
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m
ee
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x
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n
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eq
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m
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ts
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if
ied
.
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T
GI
also
p
o
in
ts
o
u
t
t
h
at
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it
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ec
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f
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n
d
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o
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ito
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i
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ce
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ea
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es f
o
c
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s
o
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T
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e
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er
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an
ce
w
ill
n
o
t a
ch
ie
v
e
t
h
e
d
esire
d
r
esu
lts
[
3
]
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
[
5
,
6
]
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
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m
en
t
i
s
a
tr
ac
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a
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o
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ito
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ate
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p
le
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ta
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r
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letio
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r
e
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u
r
ce
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s
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g
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p
r
o
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s
s
p
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m
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ce
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n
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er
v
ice.
P
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f
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r
m
an
c
e
m
ea
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cted
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d
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ten
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eter
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i
n
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t
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itial
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o
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as
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o
f
th
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I
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o
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izatio
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,
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ec
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e
s
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in
p
u
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f
o
r
m
a
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ag
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m
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ak
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m
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a
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(
to
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be
)
.
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h
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o
r
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d
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is
io
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s
tak
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a
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ag
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m
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n
t
s
h
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ld
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f
o
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s
ed
m
o
r
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o
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th
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u
ti
liza
tio
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o
f
I
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in
th
e
o
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an
izatio
n
s
.
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n
o
th
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w
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d
s
,
I
T
g
o
als an
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o
b
j
ec
tiv
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h
o
u
ld
b
e
ass
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
co
r
p
o
r
ate
g
o
als
[
7
,
8
]
.
T
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
to
ex
p
lo
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th
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im
p
le
m
e
n
tati
o
n
o
f
B
S
C
r
elate
d
to
I
T
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
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m
e
n
t.
T
h
is
i
s
d
i
v
id
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in
to
t
w
o
p
ar
ts
; (
1
)
T
y
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es
o
f
ap
p
licatio
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o
f
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SC
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n
n
o
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-
p
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d
(
2
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th
e
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its
an
d
f
ea
t
u
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th
at
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to
b
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th
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m
a
n
ag
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m
en
t o
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I
T
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
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I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
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Mea
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(
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123
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
M
ea
s
ure
m
ent
On
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
ac
to
r
s
in
th
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f
ield
o
f
I
T
g
o
v
er
n
a
n
ce
i
s
th
e
I
T
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
f
ie
ld
is
e
s
s
e
n
tial
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
ass
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s
t
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p
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f
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ce
o
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m
a
n
ag
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m
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t
i
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a
n
o
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n
izatio
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is
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s
o
co
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f
ir
m
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h
at
ea
ch
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r
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a
n
izatio
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is
r
eq
u
ir
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to
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
a
m
et
h
o
d
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f
m
ea
s
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m
e
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t
to
ass
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p
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f
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a
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ce
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f
it
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I
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f
o
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at
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T
ec
h
n
o
lo
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y
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
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m
ea
s
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r
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m
en
t
i
s
ca
r
r
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o
u
t
in
o
r
d
er
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
ac
ti
v
ities
t
h
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es a
n
d
s
tr
ate
g
ie
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
[
1
,
9
]
.
P
er
f
o
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a
n
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m
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s
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r
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m
en
t
w
i
t
h
in
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
h
as
a
k
e
y
d
r
iv
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
T
h
is
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
i
n
l
in
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
o
f
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
za
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
en
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ac
ti
v
itie
s
ar
e
i
n
a
n
u
n
b
iase
d
s
tate,
f
o
c
u
s
ed
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le,
an
ac
ti
v
it
y
m
u
s
t
h
a
v
e
s
o
m
et
h
i
n
g
t
h
at
w
e
ca
n
f
o
c
u
s
w
h
ich
ar
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ea
b
le.
T
h
e
f
o
cu
s
in
I
T
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
f
i
v
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es,
n
a
m
el
y
(
1
)
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
(
2
)
th
e
f
i
n
a
n
cial
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e,
(
3
)
th
e
h
ea
lt
h
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
,
(
4
)
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
a
n
d
(
5
)
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
,
7
,
9
]
.
A
cc
o
r
d
in
g
to
I
T
GI
,
th
e
ap
p
l
icatio
n
o
f
I
T
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
to
b
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l,
if
t
h
e
ac
ti
v
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
b
e
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
T
h
is
m
ea
n
s
t
h
at
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
I
T
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t’
s
ag
en
d
a.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
r
esu
lt
s
in
ac
co
r
d
an
c
e
w
it
h
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
a
n
d
s
tr
ate
g
ies,
I
T
GI
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
th
a
t
m
o
r
e
d
etailed
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
p
lace
d
in
o
r
d
er
t
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t a
f
ew
k
e
y
ele
m
e
n
ts
s
u
c
h
as
[
3
]
:
1.
A
li
g
n
m
en
t
-
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
I
T
an
d
I
T
an
d
b
u
s
i
n
ess
al
ig
n
m
en
t.
2.
Valu
e
Deli
v
er
y
-
to
ass
e
s
s
w
h
eth
er
th
e
I
T
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
/b
u
s
i
n
es
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
v
al
u
e
o
f
I
T
an
d
ass
es
s
R
OI
.
3.
R
is
k
Ma
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
-
M
o
n
ito
r
in
g
w
h
e
th
er
t
h
o
s
e
r
is
k
s
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
id
en
ti
f
ied
an
d
m
an
a
g
ed
,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
s
ts
an
d
b
en
e
f
its
o
f
r
is
k
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t i
n
v
est
m
e
n
t.
4.
R
eso
u
r
ce
Ma
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
-
M
ea
s
u
r
es t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
an
d
u
s
e
o
f
I
T
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
ag
g
r
e
g
ate
f
u
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
I
T
at
th
e
en
ter
p
r
is
e
lev
el,
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t o
f
I
T
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies an
d
in
f
r
astr
u
ct
u
r
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t b
u
s
i
n
es
s
an
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
ex
p
ec
ted
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
t
s
.
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
S
y
s
te
m
A
u
d
it
an
d
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Ass
o
ciatio
n
(
I
S
A
C
A
)
e
m
p
h
asize
s
th
at
an
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
w
o
k
e
y
a
s
p
ec
ts
ad
d
r
ess
ed
: (
1
)
a
clea
r
d
ef
in
i
tio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
g
o
als,
an
d
(
2
)
estab
lis
h
m
e
n
t
o
f
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
etr
ics
to
m
o
n
ito
r
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
g
o
als.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
is
al
s
o
n
ee
d
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
is
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
last
d
ec
ad
e,
b
ased
o
n
a
liter
atu
r
e,
t
h
er
e
ar
e
a
f
e
w
m
e
th
o
d
s
ex
is
t
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
ass
is
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
I
T
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
m
ar
e
t
h
e
B
alan
ce
d
Sco
r
ec
ar
d
(
B
SC
)
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
r
is
m
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
atr
i
x
an
d
th
e
SM
A
R
T
p
y
r
a
m
id
.
I
n
p
r
in
cip
le,
th
e
m
u
ltid
i
m
en
s
io
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
is
u
s
ed
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
to
b
alan
ce
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
f
in
an
c
ial
an
d
n
o
n
-
f
i
n
an
cia
l f
ac
to
r
s
[
9
]
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
to
o
ls
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
t
h
is
ar
ticle
is
th
e
B
SC
.
B
SC
is
u
s
ed
as
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
to
o
l
th
at
is
v
er
y
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
in
ac
h
i
ev
in
g
t
h
e
ali
g
n
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
ac
t
iv
i
ties
an
d
th
e
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ies
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
[
10
,
11
]
.
I
n
r
elatio
n
to
I
T
g
o
v
er
n
an
ce
,
t
h
e
C
o
n
tr
o
l
Ob
j
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
I
n
f
o
r
m
at
io
n
a
n
d
R
elate
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
OB
I
T
)
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
is
also
ad
o
p
t
in
g
t
h
e
B
S
C
as
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
w
h
ic
h
is
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
b
y
th
e
I
T
B
alan
ce
d
Sco
r
ec
a
r
d
[
12
,
13
]
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws
clea
r
l
y
t
h
at
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
I
T
B
alan
ce
d
Sco
r
ec
ar
d
is
in
s
p
ir
ed
b
y
th
e
B
SC
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
i
ch
w
a
s
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
1
9
9
2
b
y
R
o
b
er
t
S.
Kap
lan
an
d
Dav
id
P
.
No
r
to
n
.
T
h
e
f
o
ll
o
w
i
n
g
s
ec
tio
n
w
il
l
e
x
p
lain
th
e
B
SC
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
its
ap
p
licatio
n
i
n
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
.
2
.
2
.
B
a
la
nced
Sco
re
ca
rd
As
p
ar
t
o
f
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
,
b
o
ar
d
m
e
m
b
er
s
s
h
o
u
ld
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
a
t
r
ep
o
r
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
Me
asu
r
ab
le
an
d
tar
g
eted
r
ep
o
r
tin
g
m
a
y
b
e
d
o
n
e
b
y
ap
p
l
y
i
n
g
t
h
e
B
SC
.
T
h
e
B
SC
is
a
s
tr
ateg
ic
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
s
y
s
te
m
t
h
at
is
ab
le
to
tr
an
s
l
ate
th
e
v
i
s
io
n
an
d
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
an
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
in
to
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
ea
b
le
ite
m
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
tr
ate
g
i
es.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
SC
is
m
o
r
e
d
ef
in
ed
a
s
a
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
,
u
s
er
o
r
ien
tatio
n
,
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ex
ce
lle
n
ce
a
n
d
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
r
ien
tatio
n
[
14
-
16
]
.
A
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
w
h
ic
h
is
w
ell
d
e
f
i
n
ed
w
ill
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
als
w
i
th
in
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
iz
atio
n
.
T
h
is
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
B
SC
s
i
n
ce
it
w
as i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
th
at
h
ad
a
m
is
s
io
n
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
p
r
ec
is
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
w
it
h
ea
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
[
17
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
,
it
h
a
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
B
S
C
is
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
b
ased
o
n
a
f
in
a
n
cial
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
b
u
t
also
a
n
o
n
-
f
i
n
an
cia
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
th
at
n
ee
d
s
atten
t
io
n
to
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
Nev
er
th
e
less
,
th
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
w
i
ll
als
o
h
av
e
i
m
p
ac
ts
o
n
th
e
f
i
n
an
cia
l p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
[
10
,
11
,
18
,
19
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
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2
5
2
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8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
4
:
1
2
2
–
128
124
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
t
h
e
B
S
C
h
as
a
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
i
n
t
h
e
n
o
n
-
f
i
n
an
c
ial
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
cial
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Mo
r
e
ce
r
tain
l
y
,
t
h
e
d
o
m
ai
n
is
ca
te
g
o
r
ized
in
to
f
o
u
r
i
n
ter
-
r
elate
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tai
n
s
(
1
)
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
(
2
)
in
ter
n
a
l
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
(
3
)
in
n
o
v
at
io
n
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
a
n
d
(
4
)
th
e
f
i
n
a
n
cial
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
as
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
s
ta
te
m
e
n
t
o
f
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
es
f
o
r
th
e
o
p
er
a
tio
n
al
s
tr
ate
g
ies
a
n
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
[
11
,
15
,
18
]
.
A
b
r
ief
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
i
n
th
e
B
SC
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
h
o
w
n
ab
o
v
e
i
s
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
:
(
1
)
a
f
i
n
an
cia
l
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
(
th
e
ta
n
g
ib
le
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
g
y
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
f
in
a
n
c
ial
ter
m
s
,
s
u
c
h
as
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
v
al
u
e
ad
d
ed
,
r
ev
en
u
e
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
co
s
t,
p
r
o
f
it
m
ar
g
i
n
,
ca
s
h
f
lo
w
,
n
et
o
p
er
atin
g
in
co
m
e
;
a
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
f
o
r
an
s
w
er
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
h
ar
e
h
o
ld
er
s
)
,
(
2
)
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
o
f
th
e
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
(
v
alu
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
to
ad
o
p
t
a
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
to
s
atis
f
y
c
u
s
to
m
er
n
ee
d
s
;
w
it
h
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
an
s
w
er
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
q
u
esti
o
n
o
f
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
)
,
(
3
)
in
ter
n
a
l
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e
(
in
ter
n
al
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
th
at
c
r
ea
te
an
d
g
iv
e
th
e
cu
s
to
m
er
v
al
u
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
itio
n
;
w
it
h
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
a
n
s
w
er
th
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
q
u
es
tio
n
s
a
co
m
p
an
y
o
w
n
ed
ar
ea
o
f
ex
p
er
tis
e)
,
an
d
(
4
)
L
ea
r
n
i
n
g
&
Gr
o
w
t
h
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
(
a
n
i
n
tan
g
ib
le
ass
e
t
o
f
a
n
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
r
ef
er
s
to
t
h
e
in
ter
n
a
l
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
ca
p
ac
ity
n
ee
d
ed
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
v
alu
e
-
cr
e
atin
g
in
ter
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es;
w
i
th
th
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
to
an
s
w
er
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
il
it
y
o
f
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
an
d
cr
ea
te)
.
T
h
e
B
SC
also
in
te
g
r
ates
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
o
b
j
ec
tiv
es
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
s
et
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
f
o
u
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
i
n
to
t
h
e
ca
u
s
e
-
effec
t
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
ex
p
la
in
s
t
h
e
ca
u
s
e
-
effec
t
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
T
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
r
esu
l
tin
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
th
e
B
SC
m
eth
o
d
is
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
to
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
s
ch
e
m
e
i
n
w
h
ic
h
t
h
is
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
is
u
s
u
a
ll
y
a
cl
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
p
an
y
's
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
o
n
th
e
ac
h
ie
v
e
m
en
t o
f
tar
g
et
s
th
a
t h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ted
[
15
,
17
,
20
]
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Fo
u
r
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
o
f
B
SC
[
17
]
Pe
r
sp
e
c
t
i
v
e
Key
Qu
e
st
i
o
n
F
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
T
o
su
c
c
e
e
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
l
y
,
h
o
w
sh
o
u
l
d
w
e
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
o
u
r
s
t
a
k
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s?
C
u
s
t
o
me
r
T
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
o
u
r
v
i
si
o
n
,
h
o
w
sh
o
u
l
d
w
e
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
o
u
r
c
u
s
t
o
me
r
s?
P
r
o
c
e
ss
T
o
sat
i
sf
y
o
u
r
c
u
s
t
o
me
r
s a
n
d
s
h
a
r
e
h
o
l
d
e
r
s,
a
t
w
h
a
t
b
u
si
n
e
ss
p
r
o
c
e
sse
s mu
st
w
e
e
x
c
e
l
?
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
G
r
o
w
t
h
T
o
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
o
u
r
v
i
si
o
n
,
h
o
w
w
i
l
l
w
e
su
st
a
i
n
o
u
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
c
h
a
n
g
e
a
n
d
i
mp
r
o
v
e
?
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
ca
u
s
e
-
e
f
f
ec
t
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
s
o
f
B
S
C
[
17
]
2
.
2
.
T
he
i
m
p
le
m
e
nta
t
io
n o
f
B
SC
in t
he
No
n
-
P
ro
f
it
O
rg
a
niza
t
io
ns
T
h
e
B
SC
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
e
g
u
n
to
b
e
u
s
ed
b
y
b
u
s
y
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
E
v
e
n
th
o
u
g
h
,
t
h
e
B
SC
w
as
i
n
itial
l
y
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
ed
in
th
e
p
r
o
f
it
o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
,
b
u
t
th
e
in
i
tiato
r
o
f
th
is
m
e
th
o
d
d
ec
lar
es
t
h
at
t
h
e
B
SC
i
s
f
lex
ib
le
to
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
v
ar
io
u
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
iz
atio
n
s
[
10
,
17
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
at,
r
esear
c
h
er
s
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
t
h
e
B
S
C
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
e
asu
r
e
m
en
t
to
o
l
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
i
n
ta
n
g
ib
le
as
s
ets
a
n
d
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
m
aj
o
r
is
s
u
e
s
t
h
at
ar
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
t
o
m
o
d
er
n
b
u
s
i
n
es
s
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
.
B
S
C
also
h
a
s
th
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
in
s
o
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
[
18
,
21
,
22
]
.
Sev
er
al
s
t
u
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
o
f
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
i
t
in
T
ab
le
2
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
u
g
g
ested
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
B
SC
ca
n
also
ass
is
t o
r
g
an
izat
io
n
s
i
n
co
n
d
u
ct
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
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SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
r
ma
n
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Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t i
n
I
TG B
a
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(
Ha
vilu
d
d
in
)
125
T
ab
le
2
.
P
r
ev
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u
s
r
esear
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S
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p
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izatio
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si
t
i
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
i
t
y
o
f
T
a
o
y
u
a
n
,
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
B
e
n
t
e
s,
C
a
r
n
e
i
r
o
,
S
i
l
v
a
,
&
K
i
mu
r
a
,
2
0
1
1
M
e
a
su
r
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
B
r
a
z
i
l
i
a
n
T
e
l
e
c
o
m C
o
mp
a
n
y
.
B
o
r
o
u
san
,
H
o
j
a
b
r
i
,
M
a
n
a
f
i
,
&
H
o
o
man
,
2
0
1
1
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
h
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e
.
A
so
sh
e
h
,
N
a
l
c
h
i
g
a
r
,
&
Jamp
o
r
a
z
me
y
,
2
0
1
0
D
e
t
e
r
mi
n
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
w
i
n
n
i
n
g
b
i
d
d
e
r
I
T
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
s i
n
M
i
n
i
st
r
y
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
R
e
se
a
r
c
h
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
I
r
a
n
.
T
o
h
i
d
i
,
e
t
a
l
.
,
2
0
1
0
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
p
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
i
n
sc
h
o
o
l
s i
n
I
r
a
n
.
T
se
n
g
,
2
0
1
0
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
n
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
o
f
a
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
sci
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
i
n
T
a
i
w
a
n
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
M
o
del
Desig
n I
m
ple
m
e
nta
t
io
n
o
f
B
a
la
nced
Sco
re
ca
rd
T
h
e
B
SC
ca
n
b
e
ap
p
lied
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
g
en
er
al
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
w
ill
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
esig
n
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
I
T
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t.
T
h
e
ca
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
in
t
h
e
s
elec
ted
o
f
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
i
s
at
Mu
la
w
ar
m
a
n
U
n
iv
er
s
it
y
,
Sa
m
ar
in
d
a,
E
ast Ka
l
i
m
an
tan
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
th
e
B
S
C
,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
s
ta
g
es
n
ee
d
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
o
f
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
g
o
al
s
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
.
T
h
ese
s
ta
g
es
ar
e
ac
ti
v
itie
s
as
f
o
ll
o
w
s
[
10
,
13
,
15
,
17
,
20
,
22
]
:
1.
Dis
cu
s
s
i
n
g
th
e
i
s
s
u
es c
lear
l
y
,
i
n
th
e
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t o
f
I
T
an
d
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
co
n
ce
p
t o
f
B
SC
.
2.
I
d
en
tify
i
n
g
g
o
als,
s
tr
ate
g
ies,
a
n
d
an
al
y
zin
g
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
o
f
I
T
to
b
e
tr
an
s
lated
in
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
B
SC
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
3.
I
n
teg
r
ati
n
g
th
e
g
o
als a
n
d
s
tr
at
eg
ies t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ca
u
s
e
-
effec
t
m
e
ch
an
i
s
m
s
to
ex
p
lai
n
t
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
a
m
o
n
g
th
e
B
SC
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Desig
n
s
c
h
e
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
SC
at
Mu
la
w
ar
m
an
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
I
n
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ti
n
g
th
e
B
SC
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
th
e
s
tag
e
s
o
f
p
r
ed
eter
m
i
n
ed
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
ac
tiv
itie
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
o
n
e
w
ell
.
T
h
is
is
to
af
f
ir
m
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
i
n
cip
le
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
in
th
e
B
S
C
th
at
m
u
s
t
m
ee
t
t
h
e
cr
iter
ia
ca
n
b
e
q
u
an
ti
f
ied
,
ea
s
il
y
u
n
d
er
s
t
o
o
d
an
d
ca
n
b
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
an
d
ef
f
icie
n
tl
y
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
.
T
h
is
ar
ticle
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
d
esi
g
n
s
tag
e
s
o
f
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
B
SC
m
eth
o
d
at
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
Mu
la
w
ar
m
an
as
ill
u
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
e
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
A
l
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
(
S
A
)
P
h
a
se
s
to
t
r
a
n
sl
a
t
e
t
h
e
v
i
si
o
n
a
n
d
m
i
ss
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
o
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s a
n
d
me
a
s
u
r
e
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
A
r
e
a
s
(
S
A
r
)
P
h
a
se
to
l
i
m
i
t
t
h
e
si
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
st
r
a
t
e
g
y
t
o
b
e
a
c
h
i
e
v
e
d
in
se
v
e
r
a
l
k
e
y
a
r
e
a
s
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
Gr
i
d
(
S
G)
P
h
a
se
to
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
m
a
p
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
l
a
t
i
o
n
s
h
i
p
o
f
e
a
c
h
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
w
h
i
c
h
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
e
st
a
b
l
i
sh
e
d
in
p
h
a
se
(
S
A
r
)
Org
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
S
c
o
r
e
c
a
r
d
(
OS
)
P
h
a
se
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
e
p
a
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
sco
r
e
c
a
r
d
b
a
se
d
o
n
t
h
e
p
h
a
se
(
S
A
r
)
a
n
d
(
S
G
)
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
IJ
-
I
C
T
Vo
l.
3
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
201
4
:
1
2
2
–
128
126
T
h
e
d
esig
n
d
etails o
f
ea
ch
p
h
a
s
e
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
1.
P
h
ase
o
f
Stra
teg
y
Ali
g
n
m
e
n
t (
SA
)
"
P
h
a
s
e
to
tr
a
n
s
la
te
th
e
visi
o
n
a
n
d
mis
s
io
n
in
to
o
b
jective
s
a
n
d
mea
s
u
r
es
o
f
o
p
era
tio
n
a
l
s
tr
a
teg
y
"
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
r
eq
u
ir
es t
h
e
o
r
g
an
i
za
tio
n
to
d
ef
in
e
t
h
e
b
u
s
in
e
s
s
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t
w
h
er
e
a
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
w
il
l b
e
ap
p
lied
.
V
is
io
n
:
to
w
ar
d
s
a
w
o
r
ld
clas
s
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
Mis
s
io
n
:
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
I
T
s
er
v
ices in
t
h
e
e
n
tire
ac
ad
em
ic
co
m
m
u
n
it
y
P
u
r
p
o
s
e
:
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
I
T
m
an
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
v
is
io
n
a
n
d
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
.
S
tr
a
teg
y
:
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
u
n
d
er
s
ta
n
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
B
S
C
as
a
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
to
o
ls
to
I
T
d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t.
2
.
P
h
ase
o
f
Stra
teg
y
A
r
ea
s
(
S
A
r
)
"
P
h
a
s
e
to
limit
th
e
s
i
z
e
o
f
t
h
e
o
p
era
tio
n
a
l
s
tr
a
teg
y
to
b
e
a
ch
ieve
d
in
s
ev
era
l
ke
y
a
r
ea
s
"
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
p
h
a
s
e
is
to
tr
an
s
lat
e
th
e
g
o
als
a
n
d
s
tr
ate
g
ies
i
n
m
o
r
e
d
etails
o
f
t
h
e
S
A
p
h
a
s
e.
S
A
r
is
g
r
o
u
p
ed
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
f
o
u
r
p
h
ase
s
i
n
th
e
B
S
C
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
P
ers
p
ec
tive
o
f
a
ca
d
emic
co
mmu
n
ity
:
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
I
T
in
teac
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
lear
n
i
n
g
,
r
esear
ch
a
n
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ac
t
iv
itie
s
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
en
ts
,
lect
u
r
er
s
/r
esear
c
h
er
s
an
d
a
d
m
in
i
s
tr
ati
v
e
s
ta
f
f
s
.
Pe
r
s
p
ec
tive
o
f in
tern
a
l b
u
s
in
ess
: to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ea
s
e
o
f
ac
ce
s
s
to
I
T
in
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
it
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
P
ers
p
ec
tive
o
f fin
a
n
cia
l
: to
p
r
o
v
id
e
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
o
f
f
in
a
n
ce
i
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
I
T
ac
tiv
itie
s
.
P
ers
p
ec
tive
o
f le
a
r
n
in
g
a
n
d
g
r
o
w
th
: to
d
eliv
er
s
er
v
ices to
m
a
n
ag
i
n
g
I
T
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
3
.
P
h
ase
o
f
Stra
teg
y
Gr
id
(
SG)
"
P
h
a
s
e
to
crea
te
a
ma
p
o
f
th
e
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
ica
t
o
r
,
w
h
ich
h
a
s
b
ee
n
esta
b
lis
h
ed
in
p
h
a
s
e
(
S
A
r
)
"
.
T
h
is
p
h
ase
is
d
esi
g
n
e
d
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
ea
c
h
o
f
t
h
e
in
d
icato
r
s
i
n
e
ac
h
p
er
s
p
ec
ti
v
e.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
an
ab
ilit
y
to
ass
e
s
s
th
e
r
elat
io
n
s
h
ip
(
ca
u
s
e
-
effec
t
)
o
f
ea
ch
i
n
d
icato
r
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
,
ca
r
e
f
u
ll
y
an
d
co
n
s
is
ten
tl
y
i
s
n
ee
d
ed
.
T
h
e
ex
is
ten
ce
o
f
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
s
s
u
c
h
as
C
OB
I
T
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
ea
s
e
o
f
s
ig
n
f
o
r
ea
ch
in
d
icat
o
r
s
et
f
o
r
atten
tio
n
to
D
C
O
-
d
etail
co
n
tr
o
l o
b
j
ec
tiv
es to
b
e
ass
e
s
s
ed
[
23
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
is
s
tag
e
is
al
s
o
u
s
ed
to
s
et
KP
I
s
(
K
ey
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
I
n
d
ica
to
r
s
)
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
f
o
r
ev
al
u
ati
o
n
o
f
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e.
So
m
e
s
t
u
d
ies
e
m
p
lo
y
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
s
u
c
h
as
u
s
in
g
th
e
A
I
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
o
b
tain
d
e
tailed
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
i
n
d
icato
r
s
in
ea
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
o
u
tp
u
t
co
u
ld
b
e
m
u
c
h
b
etter
an
d
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
[
10
,
15
,
17
,
20
,
22
,
24
]
.
4.
P
h
ase
o
f
Or
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
Sco
r
ec
ar
d
(
OS)
"
S
c
o
r
ec
a
r
d
p
r
ep
a
r
a
tio
n
p
h
a
s
e
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
th
e
p
h
a
s
e
(
S
A
r
)
a
n
d
(
S
G)
"
.
I
n
th
i
s
p
h
ase,
a
s
et
o
f
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
s
w
ill
b
e
f
o
r
m
ed
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
ese
f
o
r
m
at
a
n
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
w
i
ll
b
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
to
p
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
lab
o
r
d
e
p
ar
tm
e
n
t
s
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
ese
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
s
w
ill
b
e
r
ev
ie
w
ed
,
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
an
d
f
o
llo
w
ed
u
p
at
r
eg
u
lar
in
t
er
v
al
s
w
it
h
in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
io
d
.
3.
2
.
B
enef
it
s
a
nd
F
ea
t
ures Ne
ed
t
o
be
Co
ns
idered
in t
he
Appl
ica
t
io
n o
f
t
he
B
SC
T
h
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
th
e
B
SC
i
m
p
le
m
en
ta
tio
n
ar
e
ce
r
tain
l
y
r
el
ated
to
th
e
ex
ce
s
s
f
ac
to
r
s
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
th
at
t
h
e
B
SC
p
r
esen
ts
a
lo
g
ical
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
ea
c
h
d
iv
is
io
n
/
u
n
i
t/d
ep
ar
tm
e
n
t
t
h
at
m
a
y
in
itiate
an
ac
tiv
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
to
d
eter
m
in
e
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
I
t
is
also
a
s
s
er
ted
,
t
h
at
t
h
e
B
S
C
is
m
o
r
e
v
alu
ab
l
e
th
an
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
[
10
,
15
,
17
,
20
,
22
,
24
]
,
s
u
ch
as:
(
1
)
th
e
B
SC
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
tak
e
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
(
f
i
n
an
c
ial)
b
u
t
also
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
e
o
th
er
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
(
n
o
n
-
f
i
n
an
cial)
s
o
th
at
it
is
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
an
d
b
alan
ce
d
,
an
d
(
2
)
Mo
d
el
w
i
th
t
h
e
B
SC
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
ca
n
h
elp
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
i
n
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
th
e
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
g
o
als.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
s
e,
m
an
ag
er
s
ar
e
ab
le
to
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
r
ea
c
h
in
g
a
n
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
o
n
l
y
o
n
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
cr
itical
a
s
p
ec
ts
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
al
s
tr
ate
g
y
.
A
lt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
er
e
ar
e
s
o
m
e
a
d
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
u
s
i
n
g
B
SC
w
i
ll
also
ass
i
s
t
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
i
n
th
e
d
eter
m
in
at
io
n
o
f
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ab
le
tar
g
ets
w
i
th
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
an
d
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e.
I
t
i
s
clai
m
ed
t
h
at
t
h
e
f
ac
to
r
s
o
f
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
ac
cu
r
a
c
y
an
d
s
u
i
tab
ilit
y
i
n
ca
lcu
lati
n
g
t
h
e
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t r
esu
lts
ar
e
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
t
h
at
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
ta
k
e
n
i
n
to
ac
co
u
n
t.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
,
it
is
p
o
s
s
ib
le
to
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
h
y
b
r
id
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
i
n
w
h
ic
h
it
co
m
b
i
n
es
th
e
B
S
C
m
eth
o
d
w
i
th
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
i
s
in
li
n
e
w
it
h
[
17
]
w
h
ich
ass
er
t
t
h
at
t
h
e
B
S
C
h
as
t
h
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
to
b
e
co
m
b
i
n
ed
w
it
h
o
th
er
m
et
h
o
d
s
esp
ec
ial
l
y
in
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
in
d
icato
r
f
ac
to
r
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
t
ain
o
p
ti
m
al
r
es
u
lt
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
IJ
-
I
C
T
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8776
P
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
Mea
s
u
r
eme
n
t i
n
I
TG B
a
s
ed
…
(
Ha
vilu
d
d
in
)
127
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
S
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
B
SC
co
n
d
u
cted
at
th
e
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
Mu
la
w
ar
m
a
n
,
Sa
m
ar
in
d
a,
E
ast
Kali
m
a
n
ta
n
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
is
s
til
l
at
ea
r
l
y
s
ta
g
e
o
f
I
T
m
a
n
ag
e
m
e
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
n
ex
t
s
ta
g
e
w
ill
d
e
al
w
it
h
ac
tio
n
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
an
d
co
n
n
ec
t,
an
d
co
u
n
t
ac
cu
r
atel
y
,
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
is
te
n
tl
y
ev
er
y
in
d
icato
r
.
T
h
ese
in
d
icato
r
s
w
ill
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
p
h
a
s
e
ca
lled
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
ar
ea
s
(
S
A
r
)
an
d
th
e
s
tr
ate
g
ic
g
r
id
(
SG)
p
h
ases
i
n
o
r
d
er
to
g
et
a
n
e
w
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
m
o
d
el
in
s
co
r
ec
ar
d
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
p
h
a
s
e
(
OS)
.
Gr
e
m
b
er
g
en
a
n
d
Kap
lan
&
No
r
to
n
also
co
n
f
ir
m
t
h
at
a
clea
r
an
d
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
is
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
s
u
cc
e
s
s
f
u
l
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
B
SC
co
n
ce
p
t.
I
t
is
ex
p
ec
ted
th
at
f
u
t
u
r
e
r
esear
ch
will
f
u
r
th
er
ex
a
m
i
n
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
l
y
,
ca
r
ef
u
l
l
y
a
n
d
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
tl
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
ea
ch
in
d
icato
r
r
elatio
n
s
th
a
t
ex
is
t
w
it
h
i
n
ea
ch
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e
w
it
h
t
h
e
B
SC
co
m
b
in
ed
w
ith
A
I
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
will c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
d
o
m
ai
n
o
f
I
T
m
an
a
g
e
m
en
t
-
r
elate
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
i
n
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it
o
r
g
a
n
izat
io
n
s
p
ar
tic
u
lar
l
y
at
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
r
ter
tiar
y
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
13
,
15
-
17
]
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
D
G
E
M
E
NT
S
I
w
o
u
ld
li
k
e
to
ex
p
r
es
s
m
y
g
r
atit
u
d
e
to
t
h
e
"
B
ea
s
is
w
a
Kalti
m
C
e
m
er
la
n
g
"
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
in
g
m
e
a
s
ch
o
lar
s
h
ip
at
a
P
h
D
P
r
o
g
r
a
m
at
U
n
i
v
er
s
it
i
M
ala
y
s
ia
S
ab
a
h
(
UM
S)
an
d
KJ
R
I
Ko
ta
Ki
n
ab
alu
f
o
r
th
e
f
u
n
d
in
g
,
also
to
th
e
C
o
m
m
ittee
o
f
P
P
I
UT
M
f
o
r
s
elec
tin
g
a
n
d
ac
ce
p
t
in
g
m
y
p
ap
er
in
th
e
“
T
ec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
an
d
Scien
ce
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
C
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
(
T
E
SIC),
2
0
th
–
21
st
No
v
em
b
er
201
3
,
Sk
u
d
ai
-
J
o
h
o
r
B
ah
r
u
,
Ma
la
y
s
ia”.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
J.
M
.
Da
v
e
rn
a
n
d
L
.
C.
W
il
k
in
,
"
T
o
wa
rd
s
a
n
In
teg
ra
ted
V
iew
o
f
I
T
V
a
lu
e
M
e
a
su
re
m
e
n
t,
"
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Acc
o
u
n
ti
n
g
In
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
ms
,
v
o
l.
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I,
"
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a
rd
Brief
in
g
o
n
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G
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rn
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e
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nd
Ed
it
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n
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v
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le:
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rg
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n
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ww
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rg
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0
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3
[3
]
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I,
"
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lo
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l
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tatu
s
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p
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rt
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th
e
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o
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e
rn
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n
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f
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terp
rise
IT
(G
EI
T
),
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A
C
A
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I,
Ro
ll
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in
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is,
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2
0
1
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.
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]
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M
.
Jo
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iy
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n
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.
A
b
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il
lah
,
"
S
iste
m
T
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ta
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la T
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In
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si
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e
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y
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rta:
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0
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[5
]
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A
C
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e
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e
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w
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r
In
f
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r
m
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y
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tem
s:
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lan
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lu
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,
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n
d
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so
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rc
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s,"
in
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e
d
Ill
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o
is:
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A
CA
3
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0
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o
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[7
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rd
y
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TG
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to
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se
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BIT
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.
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c
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s
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l
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A
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m
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EL
KOM
NIKA
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6
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.
[9
]
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.
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.
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0
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,
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1
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2
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stit
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4
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G
.
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rd
y
,
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p
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5
]
R.
S
.
Ka
p
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.
P
.
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rto
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,
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a
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0
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6
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h
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,
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Jia
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x
in
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No
v
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l
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lan
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d
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sig
n
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se
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s
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,
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E
L
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
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o
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rn
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o
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p
p
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2
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[1
7
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R.
S
.
Ka
p
lan
,
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P
.
No
rto
n
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u
tt
in
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lan
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d
S
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c
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rd
to
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rk
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AR
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BUS
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e
p
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[1
8
]
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.
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A
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S
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n
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s,
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.
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e
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,
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M
.
T
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ix
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ira,
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T
h
e
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lan
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d
S
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teg
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:
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o
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[1
9
]
R.
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.
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0
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.
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p
lan
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P
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n
,
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ra
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E.
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4
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p
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2
0
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201
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2
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128
[2
2
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H.
T
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A
.
Ja
f
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ri,
A
.
A
.
Af
sh
a
r,
"
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lan
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l
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n
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s,
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e
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p
p
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5
5
4
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8
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2
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0
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[2
3
]
IS
A
C
A
.
(2
0
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2
)
.
COBIT
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Im
p
lem
e
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ta
ti
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.
A
v
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il
a
b
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.
isa
c
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.
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rg
[2
4
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u
a
,
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.
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,
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2
5
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7
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9
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2
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1
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.
BI
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RAP
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U
n
iv
e
rsity
M
u
law
a
r
m
a
n
,
Eas
t
Ka
li
m
a
n
tan
,
In
d
o
n
e
sia
.
C
u
rre
n
tl
y
,
h
e
is
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
h
is
P
h
D
in
t
h
e
f
ie
l
d
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
a
t
th
e
S
c
h
o
o
l
o
f
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
lay
sia
S
a
b
a
h
,
M
a
lay
si
a
.
He
is
a
f
o
u
n
d
e
r
o
f
Ju
rn
a
l
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
k
a
M
u
law
a
r
m
a
n
,
D
e
p
a
rt
m
e
n
t
o
f
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
M
a
th
e
m
a
ti
c
s
a
n
d
Na
tu
ra
l
S
c
ien
c
e
,
M
u
law
a
r
m
a
n
Un
iv
e
r
sit
y
IS
S
N
:
1
8
5
8
-
4
8
5
3
.
He
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
S
c
ien
c
e
(IA
ES
)
,
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
S
y
ste
m
A
u
d
it
a
n
d
Co
n
tro
l
A
ss
o
c
iatio
n
(
IS
A
C
A
)
a
n
d
M
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
Co
m
p
u
ter,
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
,
a
n
d
In
str
u
m
e
n
tatio
n
S
u
p
p
o
rt
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
(In
d
o
CEI
S
S
).
Ra
y
n
e
r
A
l
f
re
d
w
a
s
b
o
rn
in
Ko
ta
Kin
a
b
a
lu
,
S
a
b
a
h
.
He
c
o
m
p
lete
d
a
P
h
D
i
n
2
0
0
8
l
o
o
k
i
n
g
a
t
in
telli
g
e
n
t
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
to
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ize
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
,
d
y
n
a
m
ic
a
n
d
d
istri
b
u
ted
p
ro
c
e
ss
e
s
o
f
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
isc
o
v
e
r
y
f
o
r
stru
c
tu
re
d
a
n
d
u
n
str
u
c
tu
re
d
d
a
ta.
He
h
o
l
d
s
a
P
h
D
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
Yo
rk
U
n
iv
e
rsity
(Un
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
),
a
M
a
ste
r
d
e
g
re
e
in
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
f
ro
m
W
e
ste
rn
M
ich
ig
a
n
Un
iv
e
rsi
t
y
,
Ka
la
m
a
z
o
o
(US
A)
a
n
d
a
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
P
o
ly
tec
h
n
ic
Un
iv
e
rsity
o
f
Bro
o
k
l
y
n
,
Ne
w
Yo
rk
(U
S
A
).
Dr.
R
a
y
n
e
r
l
e
a
d
s
a
n
d
d
e
f
in
e
s
p
ro
jec
ts
a
ro
u
n
d
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
isc
o
v
e
r
y
a
n
d
in
f
o
rm
a
ti
o
n
re
tri
e
v
a
l
a
t
Un
iv
e
rsiti
M
a
la
y
sia
S
a
b
a
h
.
On
e
f
o
c
u
s
o
f
Dr.
Ra
y
n
e
r’
s
w
o
rk
is
to
b
u
il
d
sm
a
rter
m
e
c
h
a
n
ism
th
a
t
e
n
a
b
les
k
n
o
w
led
g
e
d
isc
o
v
e
r
y
in
re
latio
n
a
l
d
a
tab
a
se
s.
His
w
o
rk
a
d
d
re
ss
e
s
th
e
c
h
a
l
len
g
e
s
re
lat
e
d
to
b
ig
d
a
ta
p
ro
b
lem
:
Ho
w
c
a
n
w
e
c
re
a
te
a
n
d
a
p
p
ly
s
m
a
rter
c
o
ll
a
b
o
ra
ti
v
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
d
isc
o
v
e
r
y
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
ies
th
a
t
c
o
p
e
w
it
h
th
e
b
ig
d
a
ta
p
ro
b
lem
.
Dr.
Ra
y
n
e
r
h
a
s
a
u
th
o
re
d
a
n
d
c
o
-
a
u
t
h
o
re
d
m
o
re
th
a
n
7
5
jo
u
rn
a
ls/
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ters
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
p
a
p
e
rs,
e
d
it
o
rials,
a
n
d
se
rv
e
d
o
n
th
e
p
ro
g
ra
m
a
n
d
o
rg
a
n
izin
g
c
o
m
m
it
t
e
e
s
o
f
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
a
n
d
in
t
e
rn
a
ti
o
n
a
l
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
a
n
d
w
o
rk
sh
o
p
s.
He
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
In
stit
u
te
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ic
En
g
in
e
e
rs
(IE
EE
)
a
n
d
A
s
so
c
iatio
n
f
o
r
Co
m
p
u
ti
n
g
M
a
c
h
in
e
ry
(
A
CM
)
so
c
ieties
.
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