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I
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2
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-
8776
I
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C
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Vo
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3
,
Dec
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b
er
20
1
5
:
1
11
–
1
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6
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n
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
ef
i
n
ed
in
t
h
is
m
o
d
el
ar
e:
P
lan
,
So
u
r
ce
,
Ma
k
e,
Deliv
er
,
an
d
R
et
u
r
n
.
[
1
]
Stag
e
s
s
co
r
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
m
et
h
o
d
ar
e
:
1.
E
s
tab
lis
h
k
e
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
b
ased
o
n
in
ter
v
ie
w
s
w
i
th
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
en
t
2.
T
est th
e
v
alid
it
y
a
n
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
i
n
g
in
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t
3.
Data
co
llectio
n
b
y
q
u
e
s
tio
n
n
ai
r
e
4.
C
alcu
late
th
e
w
ei
g
h
t o
f
k
e
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
d
icato
r
s
w
it
h
An
a
l
y
tical
Hier
ar
c
y
P
r
o
ce
s
s
m
et
h
o
d
s
5.
C
alcu
late
th
e
s
co
r
e
n
o
r
m
aliza
t
io
n
w
ith
S
n
o
r
m
o
f D
e
B
o
er
eq
u
atio
n
KP
=
(1)
On
th
e
s
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
s
,
each
w
ei
g
h
t
i
n
d
i
ca
to
r
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
in
ter
v
a
l
s
p
ec
if
ied
v
al
u
e
is
0
to
1
0
0
.
Z
er
o
(
0
)
m
ea
n
s
b
ad
an
d
o
n
e
h
u
n
d
r
ed
(
1
0
0
)
is
b
est
in
ter
p
r
e
ted
.
T
h
u
s
t
h
e
p
ar
am
e
ter
s
of
e
ac
h
in
d
icato
r
is
th
e
s
a
m
e
s
o
th
at
t
h
e
r
esu
l
ts
ca
n
b
e
an
al
y
ze
d
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
I
n
d
icato
r
Mo
n
ito
r
in
g
S
y
s
te
m
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
i
n
g
S
y
st
e
m
P
e
r
f
o
r
man
c
e
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
<
4
0
P
o
o
r
40
-
5
M
a
r
g
i
n
a
l
50
-
70
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
70
-
90
G
o
o
d
>
9
0
Ex
c
e
l
l
e
n
t
2
.
1
.
Su
pp
ly
Cha
i
n O
pera
t
io
ns
R
ef
er
ence
M
o
del
Su
p
p
l
y
C
h
ai
n
Op
er
atio
n
s
R
e
f
e
r
en
ce
-
m
o
d
el
(
S
C
O
R
)
is
d
ev
e
lo
p
ed
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
an
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t,
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it
,
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
n
a
m
ed
S
u
p
p
l
y
C
h
ai
n
C
o
u
n
cil
(
SC
C
)
.
S
C
C
I
n
s
tit
u
te
w
as
f
o
u
n
d
ed
in
1
9
9
6
b
y
R
o
b
in
T
o
d
d
P
itti
g
lio
co
n
s
u
l
ti
n
g
f
ir
m
P
R
T
M
an
d
Mc
Gr
ath
f
r
o
m
A
M
R
R
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
S
C
C
b
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
s
o
r
tiu
m
b
y
7
0
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
f
r
o
m
co
m
p
a
n
i
es
lo
ca
ted
in
t
h
e
Am
er
ica
n
W
est
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
d
ef
i
n
e
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ai
n
is
a
p
en
d
ef
i
n
is
i
k
a
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
a
n
d
th
e
d
esire
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
b
et
w
ee
n
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
a
n
d
s
u
p
p
lier
s
.
SC
O
R
m
o
d
el
is
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
a
s
g
u
id
eli
n
e
s
in
th
e
e
x
p
an
s
io
n
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
b
et
w
ee
n
ele
m
e
n
t
s
w
it
h
in
th
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
ch
a
in
a
s
a
w
h
o
le
.
A
s
s
ev
er
al
ad
v
an
ta
g
es i
n
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
SC
O
R
m
o
d
els
:
[
3
]
1.
SC
O
R
m
o
d
els
t
h
at
ca
n
s
h
o
w
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
w
ee
n
g
e
n
e
r
al
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
co
m
p
an
y
(
tactic
s
an
d
s
tr
ateg
ie
s
)
w
it
h
o
v
er
all
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ai
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
2.
SC
O
R
m
o
d
els ca
n
id
en
ti
f
y
,
ev
alu
ate
,
an
d
m
e
m
o
n
o
to
r
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
a
in
.
T
h
e
m
ai
n
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
th
at
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
s
SC
OR
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
th
e
o
th
er
m
o
d
els
in
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ain
i
s
t
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
d
ef
i
n
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
s
SC
O
R
Mo
d
el
b
et
w
ee
n
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
w
h
at
e
le
m
e
n
t
s
ar
e
in
f
lu
e
n
tial
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
co
v
er
ed
b
y
t
h
e
s
co
p
e
co
v
er
s
all
ele
m
en
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ex
is
t
in
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
.
SC
OR
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
escr
ip
tio
n
th
at
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
in
t
h
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
c
h
ai
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
in
ter
-
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
al
,
i
n
d
u
s
tr
y
an
d
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ica
l
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
.
E
ac
h
ele
m
e
n
t
i
n
th
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
a
s
er
ies
(
c
h
ain
)
h
as
p
la
n
,
s
o
u
r
ce
,
an
d
d
el
iv
er
ac
ti
v
it
y
.
P
lan
ac
tiv
it
y
b
alan
ce
r
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
/
s
u
p
p
lies
w
it
h
th
e
o
r
g
an
iza
tio
n
.
S
o
u
r
ce
ac
tiv
it
y
r
elate
d
to
r
a
w
m
ater
ials
a
n
d
li
n
k
in
g
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
w
i
th
th
eir
s
u
p
p
lier
s
.
Deli
v
er
ac
ti
v
it
y
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
i
th
o
r
d
er
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
an
d
f
i
n
i
s
h
ed
g
o
o
d
s
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
eliv
er
y
.
T
h
is
a
ctiv
it
y
co
n
n
ec
ts
w
i
th
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
.
Mo
s
t
o
f
o
r
g
a
n
iza
tio
n
s
h
a
v
e
o
th
er
ac
tiv
it
ies
,
ie
m
a
k
e
,
w
h
ich
ch
a
n
g
e
r
a
w
m
ater
ial
s
in
t
o
f
in
i
s
h
ed
m
ater
ials
.
B
u
t
i
n
ce
r
tain
co
m
p
an
ies,
s
u
ch
a
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
,
th
i
s
ac
tiv
it
y
is
n
o
t
r
eq
u
ir
ed
.
T
h
e
s
co
p
e
o
f
th
e
SC
O
R
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IJ
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113
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etail
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p
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s
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ac
ti
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it
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d
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to
g
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a
w
id
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t
u
r
n
i
n
to
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
o
p
er
atio
n
s
.
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au
s
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th
i
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en
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m
p
a
s
s
es
th
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r
g
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n
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d
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ch
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izatio
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u
n
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t
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m
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s
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ex
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r
ch
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h
as
t
h
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u
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f
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s
s
,
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e
h
ier
ar
ch
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ls
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allo
w
s
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s
to
d
escr
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u
p
p
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d
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en
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ec
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e
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a
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t
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i
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h
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p
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m
e
n
ts
[
3
]
.
T
ab
le
2
.
A
ttrib
u
tes a
n
d
Me
tr
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er
f
o
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m
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L
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A
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P
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man
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c
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C
o
st
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(
G
P
P
)
t
h
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t
o
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a
l
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o
st
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f
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su
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p
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ss v
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a
d
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d
p
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d
u
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t
i
v
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c
o
st
s w
a
r
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y
/
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s
A
ss
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t
M
a
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me
n
t
Ef
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y
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t
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ss o
f
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r
g
a
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z
a
t
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i
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man
a
g
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g
a
sse
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s
t
o
su
p
p
o
r
t
d
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man
d
f
u
l
f
i
l
l
me
n
t
.
I
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
n
a
g
e
me
n
t
o
f
a
l
l
a
sse
t
s,
f
i
x
e
d
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
c
a
p
i
t
a
l
.
C
a
s
h
-
c
y
l
e
t
i
me
t
o
c
a
s
h
r
e
p
l
a
c
e
me
n
t
t
i
me
f
o
r
a
sse
t
i
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
2
.
2
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l H
iera
rc
hy
P
ro
ce
s
s
An
al
y
tical
Hier
ar
ch
y
P
r
o
ce
s
s
(
A
HP
)
is
a
w
a
y
o
f
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
o
v
er
a
w
id
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
co
m
p
lex
is
s
u
e
s
b
y
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
i
n
g
an
d
s
p
ee
d
in
g
u
p
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
p
ath
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
p
r
o
b
lem
s
t
h
at
w
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
d
.
An
al
y
tical
Hier
a
r
ch
y
P
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
f
le
x
ib
le
m
o
d
el
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
it
y
f
o
r
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
s
o
r
g
r
o
u
p
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
id
ea
s
an
d
d
ef
i
n
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
i
n
a
w
a
y
to
m
ak
e
th
eir
o
w
n
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
o
b
tain
h
er
d
esire
d
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
An
al
y
tic
Hier
ar
c
h
y
P
r
o
ce
s
s
is
a
f
le
x
ib
le
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
allo
w
s
u
s
to
m
ak
e
d
ec
is
i
o
n
s
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
i
n
g
j
u
d
g
m
e
n
t
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
al
v
alu
e
s
lo
g
icall
y
[
2
]
.
T
ab
le
3
.
P
air
w
i
s
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t scale
s
I
mp
o
r
t
a
n
c
e
D
e
f
i
n
i
t
i
o
n
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
1
(
same
)
e
q
u
a
l
l
y
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
e
l
e
me
n
t
s.
B
o
t
h
e
l
e
me
n
t
s c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
e
q
u
a
l
l
y
3
(
w
e
a
k
)
o
n
e
e
l
e
me
n
t
i
s
mo
r
e
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
t
h
a
n
t
h
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o
t
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l
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m
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t
s o
f
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x
p
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c
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st
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s
sl
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h
t
l
y
f
a
v
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e
l
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me
n
t
5
(
st
r
o
n
g
)
O
n
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
i
s
a
c
t
u
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mo
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f
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me
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t
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(
v
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y
st
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g
)
O
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b
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Ex
p
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g
l
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d
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d
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t
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d
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r
t
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t
9
(
S
t
r
o
n
g
a
b
so
l
u
t
)
O
n
e
a
b
so
l
u
t
e
e
sse
n
t
i
a
l
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
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o
t
h
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r
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me
n
t
s o
f
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
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n
c
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v
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r
y
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e
a
r
l
y
t
h
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mo
r
e
i
mp
o
r
t
a
n
t
e
l
e
men
t
s
2
,
4
,
6
,
8
So
u
r
ce
; [
2
]
A
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
A
HP
in
an
is
s
u
e
to
b
e
tr
ial
an
d
er
r
o
o
r
r
ep
e
ated
all
th
e
ti
m
e
.
I
t
is
d
if
f
ic
u
lt
to
g
et
th
e
b
est
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
licated
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
B
ec
au
s
e
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
n
allo
w
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
r
ev
is
io
n
.
E
ac
h
r
ep
etitio
n
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8776
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
4
,
No
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3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
1
5
:
1
11
–
1
1
6
114
th
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
li
k
e
m
a
k
e
a
n
e
w
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
an
d
ev
er
y
r
ea
s
o
n
f
ill
f
o
r
f
in
a
l
r
esu
lt
.
I
n
g
en
er
al,
th
e
s
tep
s
t
h
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
d
o
n
e
in
u
s
i
n
g
A
HP
to
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
i
s
:
1.
Def
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
lem
a
n
d
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
d
esire
d
s
o
lu
t
io
n
.
2.
C
r
ea
tin
g
a
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
c
an
b
e
v
ie
w
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
id
e
d
etail
3.
Set
p
r
io
r
ities
f
o
r
ea
ch
ele
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
b
le
m
at
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
t
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
w
ill
r
es
u
lt
i
n
w
ei
g
h
t
to
th
e
ac
h
iev
e
m
e
n
t o
f
t
h
e
g
o
al
,
s
o
th
e
ele
m
e
n
t
w
it
h
t
h
e
h
ig
h
e
s
t
w
eig
h
t
h
as p
r
io
r
it
y
h
an
d
lin
g
.
2
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
ra
t
iv
e
A
s
s
ess
m
ent
Sc
a
le
P
air
w
is
e
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
h
ad
a
r
elativ
e
s
ca
le
th
a
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
o
n
T
ab
le
2
.
1
.
T
h
e
tab
le
s
h
o
w
n
s
o
m
e
in
ter
est
r
ate
s
ca
le
w
i
th
atte
n
ti
o
n
to
th
e
h
u
m
a
n
ab
ilit
y
to
d
is
tin
g
u
i
s
h
th
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
g
r
ad
in
g
s
ca
le
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
.
Th
e
m
o
r
e
g
r
ad
in
g
s
ca
le
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
d
i
f
f
icu
lt
t
h
e
m
a
n
ag
er
to
m
ak
e
h
i
s
c
h
o
i
ce
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
s
g
r
ad
in
g
s
ca
le
th
er
e
ar
e
f
iv
e.
T
h
is
am
o
u
n
t
i
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
to
b
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
m
a
n
a
g
er
s
/
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
to
d
is
ti
n
g
u
i
s
h
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ex
i
s
ti
n
g
cr
iter
ia
.
T
h
e
g
r
ad
in
g
s
ca
le
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ex
is
ti
n
g
s
ca
le
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
a
s
ev
e
n
t
h
e
v
a
l
u
e
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
e
x
i
s
ti
n
g
s
ca
le.
2
.
4
.
P
re
v
io
us
Resea
rc
h
P
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
r
ef
er
en
ce
f
o
r
ca
r
r
y
i
n
g
o
u
t
r
esear
ch
u
s
i
n
g
Su
p
p
la
y
C
h
ain
Op
er
atio
n
s
R
ef
er
e
n
ce
(
SC
O
R
)
in
t
h
e
co
m
p
an
y
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
es.
1.
Su
p
p
l
y
C
h
ai
n
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
M
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t a
t P
T
.
Ma
d
u
r
a
Gu
an
o
I
n
d
u
s
tr
i.
[
4
]
2.
Su
b
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
P
ar
ts
PT
T
o
y
o
ta
-
A
s
tr
a
Mo
to
r
W
ith
Su
p
p
l
y
C
h
ain
Op
er
at
io
n
s
R
e
f
er
e
n
ce
Mo
d
el
.
[
5
]
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
Valid
it
y
te
s
t
is
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
th
e
h
elp
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
u
ter
p
r
o
g
r
am
SP
SS
v
er
s
io
n
1
7
.
0
.
T
h
is
te
s
t
ai
m
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
(
r
x
y
)
w
ith
r
tab
le.
W
ith
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
a
m
p
les
(
N)
o
f
5
0
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
,
it
ca
n
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
t
h
at
th
e
m
a
g
n
i
tu
d
e
o
f
r
tab
le
0
.
2
3
5
3
.
Valid
it
y
o
f
test
r
es
u
lt
s
o
b
tain
ed
T
a
b
le
as f
o
llo
ws
.
T
ab
l
e
4
.
Valid
ity
tes
t
No
Q
u
e
st
i
o
n
(
d
f
=
5
0
,
α
=
5
%)
Ex
p
l
a
n
a
t
i
o
n
1
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
O
f
En
g
i
n
e
r
i
n
g
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
0
.
3
4
2
0
,
2
3
5
3
V
a
l
i
d
2
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
O
f
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
P
l
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.