I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
I
nfo
rm
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
,
p
p
.
42
2
~
42
7
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/iji
ct
.
v
13
i
3
.
pp
42
2
-
42
7
422
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ict.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Im
plementing
g
a
mifica
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cam
pus ca
nteen
using
M
DA
framewo
rk:
an o
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F
lo
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2
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sig
n
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k
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tab
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c
o
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f
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is v
e
ry
imp
o
rtan
t
.
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e
i
n
c
re
a
sin
g
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m
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stu
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a
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q
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s,
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su
lt
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g
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si
g
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ica
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y
sh
o
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u
sin
g
d
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rt
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ts.
To
a
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ss
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e
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a
m
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u
s
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ig
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o
p
a
n
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in
e
c
a
n
t
e
e
n
u
sin
g
g
a
m
ifi
c
a
ti
o
n
.
G
a
m
ifi
c
a
ti
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is
a
m
e
th
o
d
t
h
a
t
a
p
p
li
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g
a
m
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to
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v
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e
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t.
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m
p
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d
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o
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ti
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l
c
a
n
tee
n
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y
ste
m
s,
a
n
o
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li
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e
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a
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tee
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th
a
t
u
se
s g
a
m
ifi
c
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ti
o
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a
n
p
ro
v
id
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stu
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ts wi
t
h
n
e
w ex
p
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rien
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e
s b
y
o
ffe
ri
n
g
a
tt
ra
c
ti
v
e
re
wa
rd
s,
in
c
re
a
sin
g
m
o
t
iv
a
ti
o
n
to
o
rd
e
r
f
o
o
d
a
n
d
b
e
v
e
ra
g
e
s
o
n
li
n
e
,
a
n
d
m
in
imiz
in
g
th
e
p
e
rc
e
p
ti
o
n
o
f
l
o
n
g
li
n
e
u
p
s.
Alt
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
p
ro
p
o
se
d
d
e
sig
n
h
a
s
n
o
t
y
e
t
b
e
e
n
tes
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,
re
se
a
rc
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v
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it
h
a
s
p
ra
c
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
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c
a
ti
o
n
s.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
am
p
u
s
ca
n
teen
Gam
if
icatio
n
Gam
if
icatio
n
d
esig
n
Gam
if
icatio
n
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
MD
A
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Flo
r
en
tia
No
v
en
a
W
ib
o
wo
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
tem
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
B
I
NUS
Gr
ad
u
ate
Pro
g
r
am
–
Ma
s
ter
o
f
I
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
Sy
s
te
m
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
,
B
in
a
Nu
s
an
tar
a
Un
iv
er
s
ity
J
ak
ar
ta
1
1
4
8
0
,
I
n
d
o
n
esia
E
m
ail: f
lo
r
en
tia.
wib
o
wo
@
b
in
u
s
.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
wh
ich
ca
u
s
es
th
e
ca
n
teen
to
g
r
o
w
b
u
s
y
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
i
n
g
l
u
n
ch
tim
e
[
1
]
.
L
im
ited
tim
e
to
p
lace
an
o
r
d
e
r
,
n
o
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
s
tu
d
y
th
e
m
ea
l
m
en
u
[
2
]
,
lo
n
g
lin
es
an
d
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
to
p
lace
a
m
ea
l
m
ig
h
t
r
ed
u
ce
l
u
n
ch
tim
e
to
th
e
p
o
in
t
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
r
u
m
b
le
ab
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
ca
f
eter
ia
o
p
er
atio
n
s
an
d
g
r
o
w
u
n
co
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
f
o
o
d
.
T
h
e
ca
n
tee
n
s
er
v
es
m
ea
ls
an
d
d
r
i
n
k
s
.
T
o
allev
iate
th
e
s
tr
ess
o
f
p
u
r
c
h
a
s
in
g
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
i
n
k
s
in
th
e
ca
n
teen
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
p
u
r
c
h
ases
[
1
]
.
Stu
d
e
n
ts
ca
n
o
r
d
er
a
n
d
p
u
r
ch
ase
f
o
o
d
ah
ea
d
o
f
tim
e
u
s
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
w
h
ich
r
e
d
u
ce
s
wait
tim
es
in
th
e
ca
n
tee
n
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
is
o
n
e
ty
p
e
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
th
at
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
lie
d
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
r
e
f
er
s
to
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
g
am
e
d
esig
n
id
ea
s
to
n
o
n
-
g
am
in
g
c
ir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
[
3
]
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
ca
n
i
n
v
o
lv
e
u
s
er
s
in
s
o
lv
i
n
g
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
n
o
n
-
g
am
e
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
b
y
m
er
g
in
g
item
s
th
at
h
av
e
v
alu
e
with
g
am
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
u
s
er
in
ter
e
s
t
[
4
]
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
is
b
ased
o
n
an
d
lin
k
ed
to
s
ev
er
al
th
eo
r
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
h
u
m
an
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
lear
n
in
g
a
n
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t,
b
eh
av
i
o
u
r
al
ec
o
n
o
m
i
cs,
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
i
n
g
,
team
w
o
r
k
,
d
ec
is
io
n
m
a
k
in
g
,
an
d
r
is
k
tak
in
g
[
5
]
.
Gam
if
ica
tio
n
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
m
ak
e
o
r
d
er
in
g
m
ea
ls
m
o
r
e
co
n
v
en
ien
t
an
d
en
jo
y
ab
le
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
[
6
]
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
to
b
u
y
f
o
o
d
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
ca
n
teen
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
p
r
i
o
r
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
u
s
ed
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
b
o
o
s
t
th
e
s
im
p
licity
o
f
o
r
d
er
in
g
m
ea
ls
in
th
e
ca
f
eter
ia,
r
esear
ch
er
s
d
is
co
v
er
ed
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
ti
o
n
t
e
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
c
a
n
s
i
m
p
l
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f
y
t
h
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p
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m
e
n
t
a
n
d
o
r
d
e
r
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n
g
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
a
n
t
e
e
n
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
I
mp
leme
n
tin
g
g
a
mifica
tio
n
in
ca
mp
u
s
ca
n
tee
n
u
s
in
g
MDA
…
(
F
lo
r
en
tia
N
o
ve
n
a
Wib
o
w
o
)
423
h
elp
in
g
to
lo
wer
th
e
en
er
g
y
in
tak
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
o
r
d
er
in
g
in
t
h
e
ca
n
teen
[
2
]
.
I
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
o
r
d
e
r
in
g
f
o
o
d
in
th
e
ca
n
teen
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
ed
[
9
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
f
u
r
t
h
er
r
esear
ch
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
a
g
am
if
icatio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
o
r
d
er
in
g
m
ea
ls
in
o
n
lin
e
ca
n
tee
n
s
is
s
till
in
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
u
s
ed
.
As a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
c
r
ea
te
a
d
esig
n
f
o
r
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
g
am
if
icatio
n
in
to
th
e
ca
n
teen
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Sjo
b
er
g
[
6
]
,
th
e
g
am
if
icatio
n
asp
ec
t
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
h
as
b
ee
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
atten
d
a
n
ce
in
th
e
ca
n
tee
n
an
d
cr
ea
te
co
n
tact
am
o
n
g
s
t
f
ello
w
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
is
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
len
g
th
y
waits
an
d
a
lack
o
f
r
est
tim
e
b
y
cr
ea
tin
g
a
g
am
if
icatio
n
-
b
ased
o
n
lin
e
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
f
o
r
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
ca
n
teen
to
cr
ea
te
a
m
o
r
e
p
leasan
t a
n
d
f
ascin
atin
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t [
6
]
a
n
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
tim
e
s
p
en
t q
u
eu
i
n
g
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
e
v
iew
f
o
cu
s
es o
n
g
am
if
icatio
n
a
n
d
ca
m
p
u
s
ca
n
teen
s
.
2
.
1
.
G
a
m
if
ic
a
t
io
n
Gam
if
icatio
n
h
as
r
ec
en
tly
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
as
a
p
o
p
u
lar
tr
e
n
d
in
th
e
b
u
s
in
ess
an
d
m
ar
k
etin
g
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
Gam
if
icatio
n
is
cu
r
r
en
tly
b
ei
n
g
u
s
ed
in
a
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
d
is
ci
p
lin
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
tu
d
ies,
h
u
m
an
-
c
o
m
p
u
ter
in
ter
ac
ti
o
n
,
an
d
h
e
alth
ca
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
Gam
if
ic
atio
n
b
e
g
an
i
n
2
0
0
8
[
1
1
]
,
b
u
t
o
n
ly
g
ain
e
d
b
r
o
ad
n
o
tice
in
n
o
n
-
g
am
e
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
in
2
0
1
0
[
1
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
W
er
b
ac
h
an
d
Hu
n
ter
[
1
3
]
,
g
am
if
icatio
n
is
th
e
p
r
ac
tice
o
f
g
am
e
th
in
k
in
g
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
e
s
ig
n
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
cts,
s
er
v
ices,
an
d
s
y
s
tem
s
b
y
g
am
e
d
esig
n
er
s
u
s
in
g
h
u
m
an
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
.
Me
an
w
h
ile,
Dete
r
d
in
g
[
1
1
]
d
e
f
in
es
"g
am
if
icatio
n
"
as
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
g
am
e
d
esig
n
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
in
a
n
o
n
-
g
am
e
s
ettin
g
u
s
in
g
r
ewa
r
d
an
d
r
ep
u
tatio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
o
f
t
war
e
s
er
v
ices
with
p
o
in
ts
,
b
ad
g
es,
lev
els,
an
d
le
ad
er
b
o
ar
d
s
.
Ho
u
tar
i
an
d
Ha
m
ar
i
[
1
4
]
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
n
o
p
in
io
n
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
d
ef
in
itio
n
o
f
g
am
if
icatio
n
as
a
ty
p
e
o
f
s
er
v
ice
p
ac
k
ag
in
g
in
wh
ich
co
r
e
s
er
v
ices
ar
e
en
h
an
ce
d
with
a
r
u
le
-
b
ased
s
er
v
ice
s
y
s
tem
th
at
p
r
o
v
id
es
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
to
u
s
er
s
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
an
d
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
o
v
er
all
u
s
er
v
alu
e
cr
ea
tio
n
.
Gam
i
f
icatio
n
co
m
p
r
is
es
th
r
ee
b
asic
p
r
i
n
cip
les:
m
ec
h
an
ics,
d
y
n
am
ics,
a
n
d
em
o
tio
n
(
MD
E
)
[
3
]
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
tiv
ate
an
d
in
v
o
lv
e
u
s
er
s
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
g
am
e
asp
ec
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
[
1
0
]
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
is
u
s
ed
to
m
o
tiv
ate
a
n
d
in
v
o
lv
e
u
s
er
s
b
y
u
tili
zin
g
g
am
e
asp
ec
ts
an
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es [
1
3
]
.
2
.
2
.
Ca
m
pu
s
c
a
nte
en
Sch
o
o
l
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
id
ea
l
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
alig
n
in
g
an
d
in
te
g
r
atin
g
c
u
r
r
icu
la,
n
u
tr
itio
n
al
p
r
in
cip
les,
an
d
f
o
o
d
s
er
v
ice
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
s
ch
o
o
l
s
ettin
g
is
a
n
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
t
o
f
t
h
e
s
o
cial
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
t
h
at
im
p
ac
ts
ea
tin
g
b
eh
av
io
u
r
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
e
n
f
o
o
d
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
ar
e
lear
n
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
eg
u
la
r
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e
to
f
o
o
d
[
1
6
]
wh
er
e
at
least
o
n
e
p
r
im
a
r
y
m
ea
l
will
b
e
co
n
s
u
m
ed
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
ca
n
teen
is
a
v
en
u
e
p
lace
d
o
n
ca
m
p
u
s
wh
i
ch
attem
p
ts
to
g
iv
e
f
o
o
d
s
er
v
ices
to
th
e
ca
m
p
u
s
co
m
m
u
n
ity
f
o
r
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
ch
ar
g
e
[
1
8
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Ar
d
ze
jewsk
a
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
,
th
e
c
an
teen
is
a
lo
ca
tio
n
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ea
lth
y
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
h
as
th
e
ca
p
ac
ity
t
o
s
u
p
p
l
y
m
ea
ls
t
h
at
m
ay
b
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
g
et
.
T
h
e
ca
n
teen
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
p
u
r
ch
ase
f
o
o
d
a
n
d
b
ev
e
r
ag
es
[
1
8
]
.
T
y
p
ically
,
th
e
ea
s
ier
it is
to
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
ca
n
teen
,
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
will c
o
n
s
u
m
e
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
[
1
7
]
.
C
am
p
u
s
ca
n
teen
s
ca
n
b
e
m
an
ag
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
o
r
o
u
ts
o
u
r
cin
g
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
s
[
2
0
]
.
C
an
teen
s
ty
p
i
ca
lly
s
ell
f
o
o
d
an
d
b
ev
er
ag
es in
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
izes (
o
n
e
p
o
r
tio
n
)
f
o
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
[
1
7
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Th
e
m
ec
h
an
ics,
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
ae
s
th
etics
(
MD
A)
m
o
d
el
is
u
tili
ze
d
a
s
th
e
d
ec
is
i
o
n
-
m
ak
i
n
g
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
R
o
b
in
H
u
n
ick
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
th
e
M
DA
m
o
d
el
t
o
d
escr
ib
e
h
o
w
g
a
m
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
ter
ac
t
with
p
lay
er
s
,
c
o
m
p
r
is
in
g
m
ec
h
an
ics,
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
ae
s
th
et
ics
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
was
s
elec
ted
d
u
e
to
its
p
r
ev
alen
ce
as
a
d
esig
n
ar
ch
itectu
r
e
m
o
d
el
in
g
am
if
icatio
n
f
o
r
b
o
th
g
a
m
e
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
[
4
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
Hu
n
ick
e
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
,
t
h
e
MD
A
f
r
am
ew
o
r
k
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
g
am
es.
T
h
e
MD
A
m
o
d
el
ca
n
be
v
ie
wed
as
a
f
o
r
m
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
d
in
g
th
e
g
am
if
ica
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
as
it
d
elin
ea
tes
th
e
g
am
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
cr
itiq
u
es
g
am
es,
an
d
co
n
d
u
cts
tech
n
ical
g
am
e
r
ese
ar
ch
[
2
3
]
.
Gam
if
icatio
n
d
esig
n
in
tr
o
d
u
c
es
a
n
ew
m
eth
o
d
o
f
lear
n
i
n
g
,
ad
d
r
ess
es
u
s
er
s
'
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
n
ee
d
s
,
an
d
h
o
ld
s
u
n
iq
u
e
v
alu
e
[
4
]
.
An
ess
en
tial a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
co
n
s
tr
u
ctin
g
an
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
g
am
if
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
v
o
l
v
es
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
elem
en
ts
th
at
d
r
iv
e
p
la
y
e
r
m
o
tiv
atio
n
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
MD
A
m
o
d
el
i
n
clu
d
es
th
r
ee
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
m
ec
h
an
ics,
d
y
n
am
ics,
an
d
ae
s
th
etics,
as d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
m
o
d
el
a
n
d
d
e
v
elo
p
a
p
r
o
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
g
am
e,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
an
aly
tical
g
u
i
d
an
ce
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
b
o
t
h
f
ig
u
r
ativ
e
an
d
a
b
s
tr
ac
t
lev
els
i
n
to
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
g
a
m
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
W
ith
in
th
e
MD
A
m
o
d
el,
ea
ch
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
elu
cid
ated
as th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
u
b
s
ec
tio
n
[
4
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
42
2
-
42
7
424
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
MD
A
f
r
a
m
ewo
r
k
3
.
1
.
M
ec
ha
nics
Me
ch
an
ics
ac
t
as
b
o
th
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
an
d
g
u
id
es
in
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
d
esig
n
.
T
h
ey
en
co
m
p
ass
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
th
at
d
ef
in
e
ac
c
ep
tab
le
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
eh
av
io
r
s
an
d
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
am
ep
la
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
4
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
R
o
b
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
3
]
,
m
ec
h
an
ics
in
v
o
lv
e
d
ec
is
io
n
s
m
ad
e
b
y
d
esig
n
er
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
th
at
s
et
o
b
jectiv
es,
r
u
les,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
c
o
n
tex
ts
,
ty
p
es
o
f
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
(
s
u
ch
a
s
o
p
p
o
n
en
ts
)
,
an
d
g
am
e
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
.
L
im
an
tar
a
e
t
a
l.
[
2
5
]
d
ef
in
es
m
ec
h
a
n
ics
as
th
e
u
s
e
an
d
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
g
am
e
elem
en
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
two
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
s
:
i)
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
wh
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
en
g
ag
e
in
t
h
e
g
a
m
e
in
d
iv
id
u
ally
;
an
d
ii)
r
u
le
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
wh
ich
estab
lis
h
th
e
d
esire
d
co
n
ce
p
t
o
r
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
g
am
if
ied
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
I
n
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
r
u
les
d
ictate
th
at
u
s
er
p
o
in
ts
will
r
eset
wee
k
ly
to
allev
iate
p
r
ess
u
r
e
o
n
o
t
h
er
u
s
er
s
an
d
f
o
s
ter
co
m
p
etitio
n
am
o
n
g
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
lay
er
s
ca
n
u
n
lo
c
k
m
o
r
e
r
ewa
r
d
s
as
th
e
y
ac
cu
m
u
late
m
o
r
e
p
o
in
ts
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
m
ec
h
a
n
ic
s
en
co
m
p
ass
es
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
ty
p
es
o
f
t
o
o
ls
u
s
ed
b
y
d
esig
n
er
s
to
s
h
ap
e
th
e
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
s
lead
e
r
b
o
a
r
d
s
an
d
p
o
in
t
ac
cu
m
u
latio
n
to
tr
ac
k
u
s
er
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t.
User
s
ca
n
also
r
ec
eiv
e
tan
g
ib
le
r
ewa
r
d
s
b
y
ex
c
h
an
g
i
n
g
p
o
in
ts
th
ey
h
av
e
g
ath
e
r
ed
f
o
r
in
ce
n
tiv
es
[
3
]
.
3
.
2
.
Dy
na
m
ics
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
R
o
b
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
3
]
,
g
am
if
icatio
n
d
y
n
am
ics
r
ef
er
to
th
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
ex
h
ib
ited
b
y
p
lay
er
s
as
th
ey
en
g
a
g
e
in
th
e
ex
p
er
ien
c
e
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
L
im
an
t
ar
a
et
a
l.
[
2
5
]
d
ef
i
n
e
g
am
e
d
y
n
am
ics
as
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
g
a
m
e
m
ec
h
a
n
ics
th
at
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
g
am
if
icatio
n
in
to
r
u
les
with
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
im
p
ac
t.
Dy
n
am
ics
d
i
c
t
a
t
e
g
a
m
e
p
l
a
y
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
s
,
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
c
m
o
v
e
s
,
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
r
a
ct
i
o
n
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e
[
3
]
.
W
a
n
g
a
n
d
L
u
o
[
4
]
s
u
g
g
est th
at
d
iv
er
s
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
ty
p
es c
an
lead
to
v
a
r
y
in
g
ae
s
th
etic
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
d
y
n
am
ics
in
v
o
l
v
e
all
u
s
er
s
p
u
r
ch
asin
g
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
an
d
th
en
co
m
p
letin
g
p
a
y
m
en
ts
.
Up
o
n
co
m
p
letin
g
th
e
p
ay
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ea
ch
u
s
er
r
ec
eiv
es
p
o
in
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
p
u
r
ch
ases
.
Acc
u
m
u
lated
p
o
i
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
ex
ch
an
g
e
d
f
o
r
r
e
war
d
s
,
an
d
th
e
to
tal
p
o
in
ts
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
a
lead
er
b
o
ar
d
.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
u
s
er
in
ter
a
ctio
n
s
ca
n
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
an
d
s
tim
u
late
its
ad
o
p
tio
n
an
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
am
o
n
g
u
s
er
s
[
4
]
.
3
.
3
.
Aest
het
ics
R
o
b
s
o
n
et
a
l.
[
3
]
d
ef
i
n
es
ae
s
th
etics
as
th
e
r
e
p
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
d
esire
d
em
o
tio
n
al
r
esp
o
n
s
es
(
s
u
ch
as
f
an
tasy
,
co
n
q
u
est,
f
ell
o
wsh
ip
,
an
d
d
is
co
v
er
y
)
th
at
em
er
g
e
with
in
p
lay
er
s
as
th
ey
i
n
ter
a
ct
with
th
e
g
am
e.
Me
an
wh
ile,
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
to
W
an
g
an
d
L
u
o
[
4
]
,
ae
s
th
etics
ar
e
th
e
p
er
ce
iv
ed
ae
s
th
etic
v
alu
es
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
ar
r
an
g
em
en
ts
,
a
s
well
as
th
e
b
est
g
am
e
ex
p
er
ien
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
(
i.e
.
,
s
en
s
o
r
y
an
d
em
o
tio
n
al
ex
p
er
ien
c
es
)
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
f
in
al
g
o
al.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
eig
h
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
ae
s
th
etics
in
g
am
if
icatio
n
:
s
en
s
atio
n
,
f
an
t
asy
,
n
ar
r
ativ
e,
ch
allen
g
e,
f
ell
o
wsh
ip
,
d
is
co
v
er
y
,
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
,
an
d
s
u
b
m
is
s
io
n
.
C
h
allen
g
e
is
a
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
g
am
if
icatio
n
ae
s
th
etic
in
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
,
wh
er
e
u
s
er
s
m
u
s
t
co
m
p
lete
a
task
to
ea
r
n
p
o
in
t
[
2
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
ae
s
th
etics
will
b
e
ac
cu
m
u
late
d
af
ter
u
s
er
s
f
in
is
h
p
ay
in
g
f
o
r
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
p
o
in
ts
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
4
.
1
.
G
a
m
es
r
ules
A
g
am
e'
s
r
u
les
im
m
er
s
e
p
lay
e
r
s
in
an
ar
tific
ial
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
g
en
er
ate
s
o
m
eth
in
g
m
ea
s
u
r
a
b
le.
T
h
e
r
u
les
o
f
th
e
g
am
e
ar
e
ex
tr
em
el
y
cr
u
cial
to
f
o
llo
w
b
ec
a
u
s
e
th
ey
estab
lis
h
th
e
g
am
e
m
ec
h
an
ics
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
p
r
em
i
s
e
is
th
at
u
s
er
s
wil
l g
et
p
o
in
ts
wh
en
th
ey
b
u
y
f
o
o
d
an
d
d
r
in
k
s
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
i
n
ts
th
ey
ea
r
n
ca
n
b
e
tr
ad
ed
f
o
r
in
ce
n
tiv
es b
ased
o
n
th
e
q
u
an
ti
ty
o
f
p
o
in
ts
th
ey
h
av
e.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
p
o
i
n
ts
will b
e
r
eset w
ee
k
ly
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
7
6
I
mp
leme
n
tin
g
g
a
mifica
tio
n
in
ca
mp
u
s
ca
n
tee
n
u
s
in
g
MDA
…
(
F
lo
r
en
tia
N
o
ve
n
a
Wib
o
w
o
)
425
4
.
2
.
G
a
m
epla
y
f
lo
wcha
rt
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
g
am
e
r
u
les,
th
e
g
am
e
d
esig
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
.
Gam
ep
lay
i
s
a
s
y
s
tem
th
at
o
p
er
ates
a
g
am
e
[
5
]
in
w
h
ich
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
ti
cip
ate
as
p
lay
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
d
e
p
icts
th
e
g
am
ep
lay
f
lo
w,
wh
ich
is
d
etailed
b
el
o
w.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Gam
e
p
lay
f
lo
w
4
.
3
.
User
inte
rf
a
ce
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
e
r
will
ex
h
ib
it
a
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
'
s
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
UI
)
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
ly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ated
g
am
ep
lay
f
l
o
w.
T
h
e
UI
is
an
ap
p
licatio
n
d
is
p
lay
p
ag
e
th
at
allo
ws
y
o
u
to
s
et
an
d
m
an
ag
e
u
s
er
r
o
le
s
a
s
well
as a
p
p
licatio
n
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
.
Star
tin
g
with
th
e
u
s
er
,
th
ey
ca
n
en
ter
th
e
s
y
s
tem
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
th
ei
r
Stu
d
en
t
I
D
an
d
p
ass
wo
r
d
a
s
ter
m
s
an
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
UI
f
o
r
e
n
ter
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Af
ter
lo
g
g
in
g
in
,
t
h
e
u
s
er
will
s
ee
th
e
h
o
m
e
p
ag
e
,
wh
ich
i
n
clu
d
es
th
e
u
s
er
p
r
o
f
ile
an
d
t
o
tal
p
o
in
ts
.
User
s
ca
n
o
r
d
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
r
ee
ca
teg
o
r
ies:
f
o
o
d
,
d
r
in
k
s
,
an
d
s
n
ac
k
s
.
I
n
ea
ch
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
ca
n
o
r
d
er
f
r
o
m
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
m
en
u
item
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
h
o
m
e
p
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sig
n
in
p
a
g
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Ho
m
e
p
ag
e
W
h
en
th
e
u
s
er
h
as
d
ec
id
ed
o
n
th
e
m
en
u
to
o
r
d
er
,
th
ey
will
b
e
s
en
t
to
th
e
p
ay
m
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
p
ag
e.
T
h
is
p
ag
e
will
s
h
o
w
th
e
o
r
d
er
d
etails,
th
e
s
u
m
to
b
e
p
aid
,
a
n
d
th
e
to
tal
p
o
in
ts
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
.
User
s
ca
n
also
en
ter
v
o
u
ch
e
r
s
th
at
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
t
o
Po
in
ts
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
p
ay
m
en
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Po
in
ts
ea
r
n
ed
b
y
u
s
er
s
ca
n
b
e
ex
ch
an
g
ed
o
n
t
h
e
R
ewa
r
d
s
p
ag
e.
On
th
is
web
s
ite,
cu
s
t
o
m
er
s
ca
n
ex
ch
an
g
e
th
eir
ac
q
u
ir
ed
p
o
in
t
s
f
o
r
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
tem
p
tin
g
v
o
u
ch
er
s
.
T
h
e
r
ewa
r
d
s
will
b
e
c
h
an
g
ed
ev
e
r
y
wee
k
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
r
ewa
r
d
p
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
,
Vo
l.
13
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
20
24
:
42
2
-
42
7
426
T
h
e
lead
er
b
o
a
r
d
s
p
ag
e
ca
n
b
e
r
ea
ch
ed
v
ia
th
e
p
r
ize
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
p
ag
e.
On
th
is
p
ag
e,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
v
iew
th
eir
o
wn
r
a
n
k
in
g
as
well
as
th
e
r
an
k
s
o
f
o
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.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
J.
N
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n
g
,
J.
L
i
,
Z
.
Li
,
Y
.
T
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n
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[
2
]
S
.
B
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.
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.
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.
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3
]
K
.
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e
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,
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4
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.
W
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L
.
W
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W
a
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E
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b
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,
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P
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ö
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,
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En
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2
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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&
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2252
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427
[
7
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F
.
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o
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T
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B
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,
a
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.
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