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s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
ar
e
o
f
f
er
ed
,
tailo
r
ed
t
o
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
s
tu
d
en
t
n
ee
d
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
s
ter
s
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
wea
k
ar
ea
s
b
u
t
also
en
h
an
ce
s
an
aly
tical
s
k
ills
an
d
co
g
n
itio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
tar
g
ete
d
p
r
ac
tice.
R
esear
ch
in
to
g
en
e
r
al
m
ath
e
m
atics
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
a
s
tr
o
n
g
m
ath
em
atica
l
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
s
u
g
g
est
th
at
th
e
p
at
h
s
to
m
aster
in
g
h
i
g
h
er
-
o
r
d
er
m
ath
em
atics
s
k
ills
ar
e
s
im
ilar
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
r
ea
s
.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
elev
an
t
f
o
r
wo
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
an
d
p
r
e
-
alg
eb
r
a,
wh
er
e
th
e
r
e
ar
e
n
o
tab
le
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
s
im
ilar
ities
.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
clo
s
er
lo
o
k
r
ev
ea
ls
a
k
ey
d
if
f
er
en
ce
,
esp
ec
ially
b
etwe
en
f
o
u
r
th
-
g
r
ad
e
p
r
e
-
alg
eb
r
aic
an
d
wo
r
d
-
p
r
o
b
lem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
wh
er
e
lan
g
u
ag
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
p
lay
s
a
m
o
r
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
later
wo
r
d
-
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
lv
in
g
.
T
h
is
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ee
d
to
ta
ilo
r
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
co
g
n
itiv
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
in
d
iv
id
u
alize
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
f
o
r
wo
r
d
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
an
d
p
r
e
-
alg
eb
r
a
[
1
]
.
I
n
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
I
n
d
ian
m
ath
em
atic
s
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
er
e'
s
a
co
n
tr
a
s
t
b
etwe
en
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
lik
e
b
ilin
g
u
al
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
m
o
b
ile
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
g
am
if
icatio
n
.
W
h
ile
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
lo
n
g
s
tan
d
in
g
,
th
eir
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
is
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
,
lead
in
g
to
a
s
h
if
t
to
wa
r
d
s
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
s
u
ch
as
f
lip
p
ed
class
r
o
o
m
s
an
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
,
wh
ich
u
ltim
ately
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
t
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
]
.
E
x
p
lo
r
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
a
d
d
r
ess
in
g
lear
n
i
n
g
d
is
ab
ilit
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
y
s
ca
lcu
lia,
th
e
r
esear
ch
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
lik
e
co
m
p
u
ter
-
ass
is
ted
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
C
AI
)
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
PI)
i
n
r
em
ed
ial
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
R
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
C
AI
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
its
p
o
ten
tial
to
h
elp
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
m
ath
em
atica
l
lear
n
in
g
d
if
f
i
cu
lties
.
Gen
d
er
d
o
es
n
o
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
af
f
ec
t
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
s
,
with
b
o
t
h
PI
an
d
C
AI
s
h
o
win
g
p
r
o
m
is
e
as
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
tech
n
i
q
u
es
[
3
]
.
I
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
m
o
d
er
n
teac
h
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
s
in
m
ath
em
atics
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
d
elv
es
in
to
th
e
s
h
if
t
f
r
o
m
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
al
to
c
o
n
ce
p
tu
al
lear
n
in
g
.
I
t
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
m
o
v
e
to
war
d
s
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
i
n
g
,
as
o
u
tlin
e
d
in
Natio
n
al
E
d
u
ca
tio
n
Po
licy
(
NE
P)
2
0
2
0
,
s
tr
ess
in
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
e
n
g
ag
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
ile
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
c
h
allen
g
es
li
k
e
o
v
e
r
lo
ad
e
d
cu
r
r
icu
la.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
v
o
ca
tes
f
o
r
teac
h
er
tr
ain
in
g
to
em
p
o
we
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
in
cr
ea
tin
g
d
y
n
am
ic
class
r
o
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
4
]
.
I
n
ex
a
m
in
in
g
h
o
w
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
af
f
ec
t
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tc
o
m
es
in
p
r
im
ar
y
m
ath
em
atics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
co
m
p
ar
es
tr
ad
itio
n
al
an
d
ex
p
er
ie
n
tial
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
I
t
f
in
d
s
th
at
ex
p
e
r
ien
tial
lear
n
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
io
n
an
d
r
eten
tio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Activ
ely
in
v
o
lv
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
h
a
n
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
d
ee
p
en
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
v
alu
e
o
f
i
n
teg
r
atin
g
e
x
p
er
i
en
tial
teac
h
in
g
in
to
m
ath
em
atics
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
b
etter
o
u
tco
m
es
[
5
]
.
I
n
th
e
r
ea
lm
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
a
v
e
ex
p
lo
r
e
d
v
ar
io
u
s
g
am
if
ie
d
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
licatio
n
s
aim
ed
at
e
n
h
an
cin
g
m
ath
em
atica
l
ed
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ate
g
am
if
icatio
n
elem
en
ts
s
u
ch
as
p
o
in
ts
,
b
ad
g
es,
lead
er
b
o
ar
d
s
,
av
atar
s
,
an
d
v
ir
t
u
al
cu
r
r
en
cy
t
o
en
g
a
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ey
also
o
f
f
er
a
d
ap
tiv
e
lear
n
i
n
g
f
ea
t
u
r
es,
wh
er
e
th
e
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
o
f
e
x
e
r
cises
ad
ju
s
ts
b
ased
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
te
c
o
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
b
y
en
a
b
lin
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
to
wo
r
k
to
g
eth
e
r
o
n
task
s
an
d
c
h
al
len
g
es.
T
h
ese
to
o
ls
co
v
er
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
b
asic
m
ath
e
m
atics
co
n
ce
p
ts
an
d
ar
e
b
u
ilt
u
s
in
g
o
p
en
-
s
o
u
r
ce
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
lik
e
h
y
p
er
tex
t
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
o
r
(
PHP),
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
q
u
er
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
SQL)
,
a
n
d
J
av
aScr
ip
t
[
6
]
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
d
ev
elo
p
ed
g
am
if
ied
m
o
b
ile
ap
p
licatio
n
s
tailo
r
ed
to
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
r
ad
e
lev
els,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
im
p
r
o
v
ed
m
ath
em
atics
s
co
r
es
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
s
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
f
o
r
teac
h
er
s
to
m
o
n
ito
r
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
cr
ea
te
q
u
izze
s
,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ad
d
itio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
ass
es
s
ed
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
o
n
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
les
an
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
to
ed
u
c
atio
n
[
7
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
r
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
cr
ea
te
d
lear
n
in
g
aid
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
b
len
d
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
s
ch
o
o
l
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
a
m
if
ied
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
s
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lev
er
ag
e
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ate
d
iv
e
r
s
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ty
le
s
an
d
o
f
f
er
u
n
iq
u
e
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
g
r
asp
m
ath
em
atica
l
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
in
en
g
ag
in
g
way
s
[
8
]
.
So
m
e
s
tu
d
i
es
h
av
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
ev
alu
atin
g
t
h
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
an
d
n
eg
ativ
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
u
s
in
g
g
a
m
if
icatio
n
to
o
ls
in
m
at
h
em
atics
s
u
b
jects,
g
ath
er
in
g
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
es.
Oth
er
s
h
a
v
e
co
n
d
u
cted
co
n
tr
o
lled
e
x
p
er
i
m
en
ts
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
g
am
if
ied
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
,
ass
ess
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
ts
in
m
ath
em
atica
l
lear
n
in
g
[
9
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
h
as
e
x
p
lo
r
ed
g
a
m
e
-
b
ased
lear
n
in
g
in
co
m
p
u
te
r
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
co
m
p
ar
in
g
tr
ad
itio
n
al
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
with
te
ac
h
er
-
au
th
o
r
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
am
es.
Ass
ess
m
en
t
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
m
ad
e
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
m
o
tiv
atio
n
,
p
er
ce
iv
ed
d
if
f
icu
lty
,
a
n
d
e
n
jo
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
lear
n
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
[
1
0
]
.
I
n
a
m
eta
-
an
aly
tical
s
tu
d
y
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
b
i
b
lio
m
etr
ic
s
u
r
v
ey
o
f
g
am
i
f
icatio
n
r
esear
ch
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
its
g
r
o
wth
,
k
ey
ar
ea
s
o
f
f
o
cu
s
,
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
atab
ases
[
1
1
]
.
A
s
tu
d
y
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
a
r
e
a
o
f
er
r
o
r
c
o
r
r
ec
tio
n
in
lan
g
u
a
g
e
lear
n
in
g
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
en
er
ally
ap
p
r
ec
iate
co
r
r
ec
tio
n
an
d
d
is
p
lay
m
o
d
er
ate
to
h
ig
h
m
o
tiv
atio
n
lev
e
ls
,
esp
ec
ially
wh
en
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2
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I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
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1
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-
429
418
th
ey
h
av
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
attitu
d
es
to
war
d
s
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
er
e
e
x
is
ts
a
n
ee
d
to
b
r
id
g
e
t
h
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
p
er
c
ep
tio
n
an
d
p
r
ac
tice
b
y
s
h
if
tin
g
to
wa
r
d
s
lear
n
in
g
-
ce
n
ter
e
d
ass
ess
m
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t.
T
h
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
im
p
lem
en
tin
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
alte
r
n
ativ
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
3
]
.
Dis
co
v
er
in
g
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
s
f
o
r
teac
h
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
in
g
to
h
ig
h
s
ch
o
o
l stu
d
en
ts
h
as b
ec
o
m
e
a
f
o
ca
l
p
o
in
t
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
an
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
tal
s
tu
d
y
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
lear
n
in
g
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
wer
e
n
o
ted
with
o
u
t
g
en
d
er
d
is
p
ar
ities
am
o
n
g
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
[
1
4
]
.
R
esear
ch
co
n
d
u
cted
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
en
ess
o
f
a
g
am
e
-
b
ased
m
ath
em
atics
test
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
g
am
e
-
b
ased
test
co
r
r
e
lated
well
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
g
am
e
-
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
lo
wer
e
d
test
an
x
iety
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
with
n
o
b
ias
b
as
ed
o
n
p
r
io
r
g
a
m
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
o
r
g
e
n
d
er
[
1
5
]
.
Few
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
co
m
b
in
in
g
m
o
b
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
o
r
alg
eb
r
a
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
with
a
p
r
o
m
p
t
-
b
ased
lear
n
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
On
e
s
u
ch
s
tu
d
y
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
Me
taf
o
r
a,
a
web
-
b
ase
d
in
teg
r
ated
p
o
r
tal
th
at
o
f
f
er
s
b
o
th
to
o
ls
an
d
p
e
d
ag
o
g
ical
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
is
p
latf
o
r
m
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
in
th
e
s
u
b
ject
b
u
t
also
h
elp
s
d
ev
elo
p
c
r
itical
s
k
ills
f
o
r
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
lear
n
in
g
in
s
cien
ce
an
d
m
ath
e
m
atics
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
An
o
th
er
s
tu
d
y
[
1
7
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
ir
ec
to
r
ial
an
d
n
et
wo
r
k
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
teac
h
i
n
g
a
n
d
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
I
t
em
p
h
asizes
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ali
g
n
in
g
r
esear
c
h
o
n
p
ed
ag
o
g
y
,
ass
ess
m
en
t,
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
o
f
[
1
8
]
p
r
esen
t
an
ex
p
lo
r
at
o
r
y
lear
n
in
g
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
(
E
L
E
)
wh
er
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tics
ar
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
task
to
aid
in
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Pro
b
lem
-
s
o
l
v
in
g
is
a
ce
n
t
r
al
f
o
cu
s
in
g
am
if
ie
d
lear
n
in
g
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
i
n
[
1
9
]
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
s
tr
ateg
ic
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
m
ath
em
atica
l
s
im
p
lific
atio
n
s
with
in
p
ed
ag
o
g
ically
-
d
r
i
v
en
s
etu
p
s
.
Ad
d
iti
o
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
o
n
g
am
ep
lay
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
[
2
0
]
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
y
p
o
th
esis
test
in
g
in
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lay
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
n
ar
r
ativ
e
-
d
r
iv
en
lear
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
to
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
.
A
v
is
u
al
p
r
o
m
p
t
-
b
ased
m
o
b
ile
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
y
(
VPML
)
aim
e
d
at
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
b
asic
alg
e
b
r
a
co
n
ce
p
ts
is
d
esig
n
e
d
in
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
[
2
2
]
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
co
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
two
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
t
ex
am
in
es
th
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
wo
r
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
with
lear
n
in
g
d
is
ab
ilit
ies
u
s
in
g
two
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es:
s
ch
em
a
-
b
ased
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
SB
I
)
an
d
g
en
er
al
s
tr
ateg
y
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
(
G
SI)
.
On
e
m
o
r
e
we
b
-
b
ased
i
n
tellig
en
t
tu
to
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
f
o
r
m
at
h
em
atics
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
es
s
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
m
o
tiv
atio
n
f
o
r
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
i
n
lear
n
in
g
is
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
4
]
.
E
-
lear
n
in
g
f
o
r
E
n
g
lis
h
in
o
n
lin
e
m
o
d
e
alo
n
g
with
g
am
if
icatio
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
tly
[
2
5
]
.
User
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
its
m
an
ag
em
en
t
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
ce
n
tr
al
p
o
in
t
o
f
s
tu
d
y
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
lear
n
i
n
g
[
2
6
]
.
Mo
v
em
en
t
s
k
ills
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
in
p
h
y
s
ical
ed
u
ca
tio
n
was
a
n
aly
s
ed
.
As
p
ar
t
o
f
g
am
i
f
icatio
n
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
g
iv
en
ch
o
ce
s
o
f
to
o
ls
,
team
m
ates
an
d
wer
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
as
a
p
ar
t
o
f
in
ter
esti
n
g
s
to
r
ies
lik
e
‘
p
r
in
ce
s
s
es
an
d
k
n
ig
h
ts
’
an
d
‘
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
’
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
en
h
a
n
ce
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
[
2
7
]
.
Nu
m
er
o
u
s
r
esear
ch
g
a
p
s
ex
is
t
in
g
am
if
ied
lear
n
in
g
ap
p
lica
tio
n
s
,
n
o
tab
ly
in
cu
s
to
m
izatio
n
o
p
tio
n
s
f
o
r
teac
h
er
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
lim
it
ed
q
u
esti
o
n
b
an
k
s
h
in
d
er
in
g
d
iv
er
s
e
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
,
an
d
a
lack
o
f
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
s
k
ills
ev
a
lu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
n
s
p
ec
if
ic
m
ath
em
atics
to
p
ics
o
v
er
lo
o
k
s
h
o
lis
tic
co
v
er
ag
e,
p
o
ten
tially
lim
itin
g
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
co
p
e.
C
h
allen
g
es
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
p
latf
o
r
m
co
h
er
e
n
ce
is
s
u
es,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
co
n
ce
r
n
s
f
o
r
ce
r
tain
d
em
o
g
r
a
p
h
ics,
an
d
lim
ited
s
am
p
le
s
ize
s
im
p
ac
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
'
s
r
o
b
u
s
tn
ess
.
T
h
e
a
b
s
en
ce
o
f
i
n
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
d
u
r
atio
n
d
etails
co
m
p
licates
ass
ess
in
g
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
t
h
e
ex
clu
s
iv
e
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
in
g
le
m
at
h
em
atics
co
n
ce
p
ts
ca
lls
f
o
r
b
r
o
ad
er
in
v
es
tig
atio
n
s
.
Ma
n
y
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
e
x
p
e
r
im
en
ted
in
ea
r
lier
r
esear
ch
f
o
c
u
s
o
n
o
f
f
lin
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
is
in
g
q
u
a
lity
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
wh
ic
h
ar
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
l
e
b
u
t
wo
u
ld
o
n
ly
b
e
lim
ited
to
s
ch
o
o
l
h
o
u
r
s
o
r
cla
s
s
r
o
o
m
h
o
u
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
ch
an
n
elin
g
a
co
m
p
lete
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
t
o
f
a
f
u
ll
-
p
r
o
o
f
s
y
s
tem
th
at
wo
u
ld
b
e
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
ated
s
ea
m
less
ly
an
y
wh
er
e
an
d
at
an
y
tim
e.
Mo
r
e
f
o
cu
s
h
as
b
ee
n
ap
p
lied
to
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
en
h
a
n
ce
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
e
d
u
ca
tio
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u
t
co
m
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ar
ativ
ely
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less
s
h
o
wn
o
n
th
e
r
ea
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o
n
s
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o
r
lack
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er
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tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
i
n
ter
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etin
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th
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r
o
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lem
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I
d
en
tify
in
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th
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g
ap
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p
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id
es o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
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o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
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esear
ch
to
ad
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ce
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am
if
ied
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r
n
in
g
ap
p
lic
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s
in
m
ath
em
atics e
d
u
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
y
s
tem
en
d
ea
v
o
r
s
to
em
p
o
wer
b
o
th
s
tu
d
en
ts
a
n
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
cr
ea
tio
n
o
f
an
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
l
ea
r
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
t
h
at
s
ee
k
s
t
o
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ize
th
e
teac
h
in
g
-
lear
n
in
g
p
ar
a
d
ig
m
.
W
ith
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
ca
te
r
in
g
to
th
e
d
is
tin
ct
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
M
ar
ath
i
m
ed
iu
m
s
ch
o
o
l
s
tu
d
en
t
s
in
th
e
d
o
m
ain
o
f
m
ath
em
atics
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
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r
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er
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lo
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al
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itiativ
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aim
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at
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tig
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tio
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ter
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g
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it
ab
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ig
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ality
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c
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r
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lear
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o
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e
alize
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is
g
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al,
th
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p
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ed
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y
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tem
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cts
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p
ilo
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elativ
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est
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ataset,
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g
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p
r
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id
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ig
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tial p
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p
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a
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u
ctu
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ite
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ain
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d
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ir
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en
t
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te
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th
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b
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t
o
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cise
-
wis
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ch
ap
ter
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wis
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m
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llan
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teg
o
r
ies
to
ca
ter
to
t
h
e
n
ee
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s
o
f
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
f
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o
m
s
tan
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ar
d
5
th
to
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tan
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ar
d
1
0
th
.
C
o
n
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r
r
en
tly
,
th
e
lear
n
in
g
s
ec
tio
n
f
ea
tu
r
es
a
v
a
r
iety
o
f
g
am
es
co
v
er
in
g
d
iv
e
r
s
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
aim
in
g
to
cr
ea
te
an
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
le
ar
n
in
g
atm
o
s
p
h
e
r
e.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
g
ath
er
s
ex
ten
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
f
r
o
m
test
s
,
s
u
ch
as
o
v
er
all
s
co
r
es
an
d
tim
e
allo
ca
ted
p
er
q
u
esti
o
n
.
T
h
is
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
en
ab
les
th
e
s
y
s
tem
to
m
ak
e
in
f
o
r
m
ed
ass
ess
m
en
ts
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
g
a
mified
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
viro
n
men
t wi
th
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
a
s
s
ess
men
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
…
(
S
w
a
ti S
h
ila
s
ka
r
)
419
ar
ticle
o
f
f
er
s
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
i
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
test
s
at
v
a
r
io
u
s
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els
a
n
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
am
es,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
f
o
r
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
an
al
y
zin
g
s
tu
d
en
t
d
ata.
T
h
e
o
u
tc
o
m
es
o
f
th
is
p
ilo
t stu
d
y
ar
e
i
n
ten
d
ed
to
id
e
n
tify
an
y
p
o
ten
tial iss
u
es th
at
m
ay
a
r
is
e
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
a
co
h
o
r
t
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
o
f
8
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
at
a
Ma
r
ath
i
m
ed
iu
m
s
ch
o
o
l
in
th
e
s
tate
o
f
Ma
h
ar
ash
tr
a
,
I
n
d
i
a.
Ma
r
ath
i
is
a
lan
g
u
ag
e
wid
ely
s
p
o
k
e
n
in
th
e
r
eg
io
n
o
f
Ma
h
ar
ash
tr
a.
T
h
ese
s
tu
d
en
ts
u
n
d
e
r
wen
t
test
in
g
b
a
s
ed
o
n
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
an
d
g
u
id
an
ce
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
b
y
th
ei
r
cl
ass
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
.
T
ests
wer
e
s
tr
atif
ied
in
to
th
r
ee
lev
els
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
T
h
e
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
s
p
an
n
ed
a
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
4
d
ay
s
.
On
th
e
in
itial
d
ay
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
to
th
e
web
p
o
r
tal,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
r
e
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t d
ay
s
d
u
r
in
g
wh
i
ch
th
ey
wer
e
task
ed
with
co
m
p
letin
g
test
s
o
f
in
cr
e
asin
g
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els
.
Pre
-
an
d
p
o
s
t
-
p
ilo
t
s
tu
d
y
ass
ess
m
en
ts
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
to
g
au
g
e
s
tu
d
en
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
test
-
in
clu
s
iv
e
ch
ap
ter
s
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
b
o
th
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
an
d
th
eir
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
s
was c
o
llected
to
f
u
r
th
e
r
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
2
.
1
.
P
r
o
ce
du
re
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
a
n
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
o
n
li
n
e
lear
n
in
g
p
latf
o
r
m
tailo
r
e
d
s
p
ec
if
ically
f
o
r
Ma
r
ath
i
m
e
d
iu
m
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
,
em
p
h
asizin
g
t
h
e
en
h
an
c
em
en
t
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
en
g
ag
em
e
n
t,
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
p
r
o
v
is
io
n
o
f
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
o
f
o
v
er
all
co
g
n
itiv
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject'
s
s
co
p
e
en
tailed
th
e
cr
ea
tio
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
a
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
latf
o
r
m
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
g
am
if
ie
d
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
a
n
d
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
am
es
d
esig
n
ed
to
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
m
a
th
em
atica
l c
o
n
ce
p
ts
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
a
r
o
b
u
s
t te
s
tin
g
m
o
d
u
le.
T
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
aim
ed
to
d
eliv
er
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
lear
n
i
n
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
d
ata
s
cien
ce
an
d
AI
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
ile
also
eq
u
ip
p
i
n
g
teac
h
er
s
wit
h
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
en
in
s
ig
h
ts
to
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
in
f
o
r
m
ed
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
ject
cu
lm
in
ated
in
th
e
cr
ea
ti
o
n
o
f
a
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
,
wh
ich
in
clu
d
e
d
a
test
p
o
r
tal
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
tailo
r
e
d
ass
ess
m
en
ts
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
two
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
g
am
es
aim
ed
at
m
ak
in
g
m
at
h
em
atics
lear
n
in
g
m
o
r
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
.
2
.
2
.
Desig
n a
nd
dev
elo
pm
en
t
o
f
web
po
rt
a
l
T
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
th
e
web
p
o
r
tal
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
r
ee
m
ain
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
a
s
ec
tio
n
f
o
r
test
s
,
a
s
ec
tio
n
with
g
am
es
b
ased
o
n
m
ath
e
m
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
an
d
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
th
ese
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
with
a
d
atab
ase
f
o
r
s
to
r
in
g
an
d
r
etr
i
ev
in
g
s
tu
d
e
n
t
d
ata.
T
h
e
test
s
ec
tio
n
was
m
eticu
lo
u
s
ly
cr
a
f
ted
to
m
ir
r
o
r
th
e
class
r
o
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t
wh
ile
also
b
ei
n
g
v
is
u
ally
a
p
p
ea
lin
g
an
d
ca
p
tiv
atin
g
.
Me
an
wh
ile
,
th
e
g
am
es
s
ec
tio
n
co
m
p
r
is
ed
two
g
am
es
with
m
u
ltip
le
lev
els,
ea
ch
p
r
esen
tin
g
ess
en
tial
m
ath
em
atica
l
co
n
ce
p
ts
in
n
o
v
el
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
way
s
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
d
a
tab
ase
s
ec
tio
n
was
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
to
en
co
m
p
ass
all
r
eq
u
is
ite
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
an
aly
s
is
an
d
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t.
T
h
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
p
r
im
ar
ily
in
clu
d
ed
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
d
etails
an
d
test
-
r
elate
d
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
th
e
s
tatu
s
o
f
ea
ch
q
u
est
io
n
,
th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
tak
e
n
to
co
m
p
lete
th
e
en
tire
test
,
as
well
as th
e
d
u
r
atio
n
tak
en
f
o
r
ea
c
h
in
d
iv
id
u
al
q
u
esti
o
n
.
2
.
3
.
P
o
pu
la
t
ing
po
rt
a
l w
it
h t
ests
T
h
e
web
p
o
r
tal
was
f
ir
s
t
p
r
esen
ted
to
th
e
class
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
ti
cip
atin
g
in
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
aim
in
g
to
g
ath
er
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
'
s
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
th
e
test
p
o
r
tal
was
f
illed
with
th
r
ee
u
n
i
q
u
e
test
s
,
ea
ch
co
v
er
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
lev
els
o
f
d
if
f
icu
lty
.
T
h
ese
test
s
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
a
cu
r
ated
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
ch
allen
g
es
co
m
m
o
n
ly
en
co
u
n
ter
ed
b
y
s
tu
d
en
ts
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
ac
ilit
ated
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
'
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
m
aster
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
th
e
web
p
o
r
tal
in
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
a
n
n
er
.
2
.
4
.
I
ntr
o
du
c
t
io
n o
f
t
he
web
po
rt
a
l t
o
t
he
pa
rt
icipa
nts
B
ef
o
r
e
u
s
in
g
th
e
test
s
av
ailab
le
o
n
th
e
web
p
o
r
tal,
p
ar
ticip
a
n
ts
atten
d
ed
an
in
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
ess
io
n
.
T
h
is
s
ess
io
n
in
clu
d
ed
a
g
u
id
ed
to
u
r
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
tal’
s
n
av
ig
atio
n
,
an
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
test
s
ec
tio
n
's u
s
er
in
t
er
f
ac
e,
an
d
an
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
m
ath
lear
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
g
a
m
es.
At
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
s
tag
e,
th
e
p
o
r
tal
is
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
with
two
g
am
es,
th
e
f
ir
s
t
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
o
f
d
ig
its
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
lace
v
al
u
e
,
an
d
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
f
o
r
r
u
les o
f
ad
d
itio
n
o
p
er
atio
n
.
2
.
4
.
1
.
Dig
it
a
l c
a
t
chbo
x
g
a
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
icts
an
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
g
am
e
ca
lled
"Dig
it
C
atch
b
o
x
,
"
wh
er
e
d
ig
its
o
f
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
f
all
f
r
o
m
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
,
an
d
th
e
p
lay
er
m
u
s
t
ca
tc
h
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
d
ig
it
in
a
m
o
v
a
b
le
b
o
x
.
T
h
is
g
am
e
aim
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
p
lace
v
alu
e
in
n
u
m
b
er
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
i
n
ter
ac
tiv
e
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
with
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
1
2
3
.
3
2
5
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
m
a
y
b
e
a
s
k
ed
to
id
en
tify
th
e
d
ig
it
in
t
h
e
ten
s
p
lace
.
T
o
an
s
wer
co
r
r
ec
tly
,
th
e
s
tu
d
en
t
m
u
s
t
m
o
v
e
th
e
b
o
x
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
th
e
d
ig
it
in
th
e
ten
s
p
lace
,
wh
ich
is
2
in
th
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
4
1
6
-
429
420
ex
am
p
le.
T
h
e
b
o
x
ca
n
b
e
m
o
v
ed
h
o
r
izo
n
tally
u
s
in
g
a
m
o
u
s
e
o
r
tr
ac
k
p
ad
,
allo
win
g
th
e
p
lay
er
to
p
o
s
itio
n
it
ac
cu
r
ately
to
ca
tch
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
d
ig
it.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Dig
ital c
atch
b
o
x
g
a
m
e
2
.
4
.
2
.
I
nte
ra
ct
iv
e
a
dd
it
io
n g
a
m
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
s
h
o
ws
an
in
ter
ac
ti
v
e
ad
d
itio
n
g
am
e
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
m
ak
e
lear
n
in
g
m
ath
em
atic
s
f
u
n
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
.
I
n
th
is
g
a
m
e,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
g
iv
e
n
an
ad
d
itio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
in
v
o
lv
in
g
two
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
g
am
e
f
ea
t
u
r
es
two
ca
r
s
,
with
o
n
e
m
o
v
in
g
s
t
ea
d
ily
to
war
d
th
e
f
in
is
h
lin
e
at
a
f
ix
ed
s
p
ee
d
.
T
o
h
el
p
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
r
o
v
e
r
tak
e
an
d
win
th
e
r
ac
e,
th
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
m
u
s
t
co
r
r
ec
tly
s
o
lv
e
t
h
e
ad
d
itio
n
p
r
o
b
lem
.
T
h
e
q
u
ick
l
y
,
t
h
e
s
tu
d
en
t
an
s
wer
s
co
r
r
ec
tly
,
th
e
q
u
ick
e
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ca
r
ac
ce
ler
ates,
cr
ea
tin
g
a
c
o
m
p
etitiv
e
an
d
en
jo
y
a
b
le
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
ar
g
a
m
e
: in
ter
ac
tiv
e
ad
d
itio
n
g
am
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
g
a
mified
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
viro
n
men
t wi
th
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
a
s
s
ess
men
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
…
(
S
w
a
ti S
h
ila
s
ka
r
)
421
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
with
th
e
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ity
to
f
am
iliar
ize
th
em
s
elv
es
with
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
b
y
attem
p
tin
g
a
s
tr
a
ig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
test
.
T
h
is
in
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
ex
er
cise
was
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
ea
s
e
th
eir
in
itial
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
h
el
p
ed
to
ac
q
u
ain
t
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
with
th
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
alities
an
d
lay
o
u
t
o
f
th
e
p
latf
o
r
m
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
m
o
o
th
er
tr
a
n
s
itio
n
in
to
s
u
b
s
eq
u
e
n
t
ac
tiv
ities
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
in
tu
itiv
ely
p
r
o
v
id
es
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
to
th
e
u
s
er
s
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
th
eir
tech
n
ical
co
m
p
eten
ce
.
2
.
5
.
F
ee
db
a
c
k
a
nd
s
ug
g
estio
ns
Af
ter
th
e
test
s
wer
e
co
m
p
lete
d
,
a
d
etailed
r
e
p
o
r
t
was
g
en
er
ated
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
aly
s
is
o
f
all
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
ased
o
n
b
ac
k
e
n
d
d
ata.
T
h
is
r
ep
o
r
t
was
s
u
b
m
itted
to
th
e
class
in
s
tr
u
cto
r
f
o
r
va
lid
atio
n
,
a
n
d
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
was
g
ath
er
e
d
to
g
u
i
d
e
th
e
n
e
x
t
s
tep
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
clu
d
e
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
ad
d
in
g
g
am
if
icatio
n
elem
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
b
ad
g
es a
n
d
lea
d
er
b
o
ar
d
s
to
v
is
u
ally
tr
ac
k
s
tu
d
en
t
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
as
well
as
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
in
g
s
o
u
n
d
ef
f
ec
t
s
f
o
r
co
n
g
r
atu
lato
r
y
m
ess
ag
es,
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
u
g
g
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
ese
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
will
b
e
ca
r
ef
u
lly
r
ev
iewe
d
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ated
in
to
th
e
web
p
o
r
tal'
s
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
f
o
r
th
e
m
ain
s
tu
d
y
,
with
th
e
g
o
al
o
f
e
n
h
an
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
an
d
t
h
e
p
latf
o
r
m
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
.
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
T
h
e
p
o
r
tal
is
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
with
a
u
s
er
-
f
r
ien
d
ly
in
ter
f
ac
e
th
at
allo
ws
b
o
th
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
teac
h
er
s
to
n
av
ig
ate
it
ef
f
o
r
tles
s
ly
.
I
t
in
clu
d
es
f
ea
tu
r
es
th
at
m
ak
e
it
s
im
p
le
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
to
en
g
ag
e
with
,
wh
ile
also
en
a
b
lin
g
teac
h
er
s
to
co
l
lect
r
elev
an
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
ef
f
icien
tly
.
I
ts
c
o
r
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
aim
s
to
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
3
.
1.
T
est
po
rt
a
l desig
n a
nd
us
er
ex
perience
Fo
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
t
f
ea
t
u
r
es:
i)
T
h
em
atic
f
am
iliar
ity
:
th
e
p
o
r
tal'
s
d
esig
n
aim
ed
t
o
en
h
an
ce
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
b
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
v
is
u
ally
en
g
ag
in
g
th
em
e
.
Key
elem
en
ts
i
n
clu
d
ed
a
b
lack
b
o
a
r
d
-
s
ty
le
b
ac
k
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
a
s
en
s
e
o
f
f
am
iliar
ity
an
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
a
b
ilit
y
f
o
r
s
tu
d
en
t
u
s
er
s
a
n
d
ii)
R
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
(
UI
)
:
th
e
u
s
er
in
ter
f
ac
e
was
d
esig
n
ed
with
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
in
m
in
d
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
tim
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
ality
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
d
ev
ices
an
d
s
cr
ee
n
s
izes.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es,
i)
E
asy
q
u
esti
o
n
n
av
ig
atio
n
:
s
m
o
o
th
an
d
i
n
tu
itiv
e
n
av
i
g
atio
n
b
etwe
en
q
u
esti
o
n
s
;
ii)
R
ea
d
ab
ilit
y
:
clea
r
an
d
leg
i
b
le
q
u
esti
o
n
p
r
esen
tatio
n
with
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
n
t
s
izes
f
o
r
co
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le
r
ea
d
in
g
;
an
d
iii)
Scr
ee
n
s
ize
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
:
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
o
f
lay
o
u
t a
n
d
elem
en
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
ize.
3
.
1
.
1
.
User
re
g
is
t
ra
t
io
n a
nd
a
uthent
ica
t
io
n
Secu
r
e
u
s
er
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
au
th
en
ticatio
n
ar
e
im
p
lem
en
ted
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
o
n
ly
au
th
o
r
ize
d
in
d
iv
id
u
als
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
p
o
r
tal.
I
n
itial
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
:
p
r
io
r
to
co
m
m
en
ci
n
g
t
h
e
test
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
d
to
r
eg
is
ter
b
y
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
b
asic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
c
h
as
n
am
e,
s
ch
o
o
l
n
am
e,
s
tan
d
ar
d
,
d
iv
is
io
n
,
a
n
d
p
h
o
n
e
n
u
m
b
er
.
Simp
lifie
d
lo
g
in
:
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
lo
g
in
s
wer
e
s
tr
ea
m
lin
e
d
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
en
ien
ce
.
Stu
d
en
ts
co
u
ld
ea
s
ily
ac
ce
s
s
th
e
p
o
r
tal
u
s
in
g
th
eir
s
tan
d
a
r
d
,
s
ch
o
o
l
n
am
e,
d
iv
is
io
n
,
an
d
r
o
ll
n
u
m
b
er
,
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
s
ep
ar
ate
cr
ed
e
n
tials
.
T
h
is
u
n
iq
u
e
i
d
en
tifie
r
s
y
s
tem
f
ac
ilit
ated
u
s
er
id
en
tific
atio
n
a
n
d
s
tr
ea
m
lin
ed
th
e
lo
g
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
T
est
s
t
ruct
ure
a
nd
ph
a
s
es
T
h
e
test
is
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
3
d
is
tin
ct
p
h
ases
,
ea
ch
with
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
tim
e
allo
ca
tio
n
.
Ph
ased
test
in
g
:
th
e
te
s
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
was
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
p
h
ases
,
ea
ch
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
a
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
el
wh
ich
ar
e
ea
s
y
,
m
ed
iu
m
,
an
d
h
ar
d
.
Pro
g
r
e
s
s
iv
e
d
if
f
icu
lty
:
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
r
o
g
r
ess
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
h
ases
s
eq
u
en
tially
,
s
tar
tin
g
with
th
e
ea
s
ie
s
t
lev
el
an
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
ad
v
an
ci
n
g
to
m
o
r
e
ch
allen
g
in
g
q
u
esti
o
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
h
ased
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
allo
wed
f
o
r
th
e
c
o
llectio
n
o
f
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
ata
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
y
i
n
g
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
lev
els
f
o
r
ea
ch
s
tu
d
en
t.
3
.
1
.
3
.
T
est
co
m
plet
io
n a
nd
f
e
edba
ck
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
im
p
r
o
v
es
s
tu
d
en
t
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
.
I
m
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
:
u
p
o
n
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
ea
c
h
test
p
h
ase
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
eiv
e
d
im
m
ed
iate
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
o
n
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
eir
s
co
r
e
an
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
is
tim
ely
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
m
ec
h
an
is
m
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
v
al
u
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
t
o
th
ei
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
ar
ea
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t.
3
.
1
.
4
.
K
ey
c
o
ns
idera
t
io
ns
T
h
ese
k
ey
c
o
n
s
id
er
atio
n
s
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
c
o
m
m
itm
en
t
to
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
r
o
b
u
s
t
d
ata
ac
q
u
i
s
itio
n
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
ac
ce
s
s
.
User
-
ce
n
tr
ic
d
esig
n
:
th
e
p
o
r
tal'
s
d
esig
n
p
r
io
r
itized
u
s
er
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
f
ac
to
r
s
s
u
ch
as
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
v
is
u
al
ap
p
ea
l,
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
.
Data
co
llectio
n
:
th
e
p
h
ased
test
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
ab
led
th
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
d
ata
o
n
s
tu
d
en
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
if
f
icu
lty
lev
els.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
4
1
6
-
429
422
Stre
am
lin
ed
au
th
e
n
ticatio
n
:
th
e
s
im
p
lifie
d
lo
g
in
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
h
an
ce
d
u
s
er
c
o
n
v
e
n
ien
ce
a
n
d
f
ac
ilit
ated
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
er
m
an
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
e
r
eg
is
tr
atio
n
p
ag
e
a
n
d
lo
g
in
p
a
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
o
r
tal
a
r
e
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
R
eg
is
tr
atio
n
an
d
lo
g
i
n
p
o
r
tal
3
.
2
.
P
ilo
t
s
t
ud
y
,
t
est
im
plementa
t
io
n
,
a
nd
re
s
ult
a
na
ly
s
is
On
24
th
Feb
r
u
ar
y
2
0
2
4
,
th
e
p
ilo
t
p
r
o
ject
was
in
itial
ly
lau
n
ch
ed
at
Vid
y
a
Vik
as
Vid
y
ala
y
a
Sch
o
o
l
with
th
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
o
f
th
e
Ma
th
em
atics
Facu
lty
an
d
th
e
h
o
n
o
r
a
b
le
p
r
i
n
cip
al
o
f
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l
.
A
s
er
ies
o
f
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
was
h
eld
with
th
e
Ma
th
em
atic
s
Facu
lty
an
d
s
ch
o
o
l
au
t
h
o
r
i
ties
,
to
d
ec
id
e
th
e
p
r
o
ject
o
b
jectiv
es.
I
t
was
d
ec
i
d
ed
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
th
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
t
task
s
r
elate
d
to
th
e
ch
a
p
ter
o
f
Po
ly
n
o
m
ial
Div
is
io
n
,
tailo
r
e
d
f
o
r
8
th
s
tan
d
ar
d
Ma
r
at
h
i
m
e
d
iu
m
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
was
to
test
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
an
d
s
k
ills
in
th
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
m
at
h
em
atics.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
ev
alu
atio
n
it
was
d
ec
id
ed
to
s
et
th
r
ee
lev
els
o
f
ass
ess
m
en
ts
,
v
iz
lev
el
1
-
ea
s
y
,
lev
el
2
-
m
o
d
e
r
ate
o
r
m
e
d
iu
m
,
an
d
lev
el
3
-
ch
allen
g
in
g
o
r
d
if
f
ic
u
lt.
T
h
e
a
im
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
to
ac
c
o
m
m
o
d
ate
v
ar
io
u
s
le
v
els
o
f
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
s
tu
d
en
t
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
io
n
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
b
r
o
a
d
er
s
p
e
ctr
u
m
.
T
h
e
test
s
wer
e
ca
r
ef
u
ll
y
d
esig
n
ed
n
o
t
o
n
ly
to
ch
allen
g
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
b
u
t
also
to
m
o
tiv
ate,
to
cr
ea
te
in
te
r
est
in
m
ath
em
atics
,
an
d
to
e
n
co
u
r
a
g
e
an
aly
tical
th
in
k
in
g
,
cr
itical
th
in
k
i
n
g
,
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
-
s
o
lv
in
g
s
k
ills
.
T
h
e
f
in
alize
d
test
s
wer
e
ad
m
i
n
is
ter
ed
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l'
s
co
m
p
u
ter
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
o
v
er
a
s
p
an
o
f
f
o
u
r
d
a
y
s
-
Ma
r
ch
6
,
1
3
,
1
4
,
an
d
1
9
,
2
0
2
4
.
A
t
o
tal
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
e
p
ilo
t
p
r
o
j
ec
t.
T
h
is
s
ettin
g
allo
wed
f
o
r
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
w
h
er
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
c
o
u
ld
en
g
ag
e
with
th
e
m
ater
ial
u
s
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
f
u
r
th
er
e
n
h
an
ci
n
g
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
e
r
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
ad
m
in
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
th
e
test
s
was
c
lo
s
ely
m
o
n
ito
r
e
d
to
en
s
u
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
f
air
n
ess
in
ev
alu
atio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
s
am
p
le
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
th
at
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
co
llect
th
e
d
ata
f
o
r
th
e
p
ilo
t st
u
d
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
g
a
mified
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
viro
n
men
t wi
th
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
a
s
s
ess
men
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
…
(
S
w
a
ti S
h
ila
s
ka
r
)
423
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Sam
p
le
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
ie
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
ilo
t stu
d
y
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
ese
ass
ess
m
en
ts
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
d
ata
to
r
e
f
in
e
th
e
p
r
o
ject
f
u
r
th
er
an
d
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
t
o
o
n
g
o
i
n
g
ef
f
o
r
ts
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
at
h
em
atics
ed
u
c
atio
n
in
th
e
s
ch
o
o
l.
Feed
b
ac
k
f
r
o
m
s
tu
d
en
ts
an
d
f
ac
u
lty
will
also
p
lay
a
cr
u
cia
l
r
o
le
in
s
h
ap
in
g
f
u
tu
r
e
i
ter
atio
n
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ject,
en
s
u
r
in
g
it
m
ee
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
lear
n
er
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
s
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
an
a
ly
s
is
o
f
th
e
test
wh
ich
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
at
Vid
y
a
Vik
as Vid
y
alay
a
Sch
o
o
l
.
3.
2
.
1
.
Ana
ly
s
is
f
o
r
t
est
-
1
(
lev
el
1
-
ea
s
y
lev
el
)
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
o
r
test
-
1
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
at
lev
el
1
,
wh
ic
h
c
o
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
a
n
ea
s
y
d
if
f
icu
l
ty
lev
el.
A
t
o
tal
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
th
is
test
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
test
is
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
d
ata
v
is
u
aliza
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
h
is
to
g
r
am
d
e
p
ictin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
all
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
p
a
r
ticip
ated
in
th
e
ea
s
y
test
.
T
h
e
h
is
to
g
r
am
in
d
icate
s
th
at
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
attain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
-
5
,
1
5
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
s
co
r
ed
b
etwe
en
6
-
1
0
m
ar
k
s
,
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
1
-
1
5
,
7
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
b
tain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
6
-
2
0
,
an
d
1
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ec
u
r
ed
m
a
r
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
1
-
2
5
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
an
d
m
ed
ia
n
v
alu
es
f
o
r
th
e
ea
s
y
test
a
r
e
1
5
.
0
6
8
an
d
1
5
.
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
A
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
a
n
d
m
ed
i
an
d
ata
r
ev
ea
ls
t
h
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
s
o
b
tain
ed
i
n
ea
s
y
test
s
ar
e
1
5
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
2
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
f
all
b
elo
w
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
,
wh
ile
2
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
u
r
p
ass
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
s
u
g
g
est
a
b
alan
ce
d
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
in
clu
d
in
g
wea
k
,
m
ed
io
cr
e,
an
d
b
r
i
g
h
t
,
with
in
th
e
co
h
o
r
t
th
at
u
n
d
er
to
o
k
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
test
.
No
ta
b
ly
,
th
e
h
is
to
g
r
am
c
h
ar
t
f
o
r
th
e
f
ir
s
t
test
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
tw
o
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
t
s
p
ik
es
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
es
o
f
6
-
1
0
an
d
2
0
-
2
5
m
ar
k
s
.
T
h
is
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
p
atter
n
in
d
icate
s
a
h
ig
h
er
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
class
if
ied
as we
ak
to
m
ed
io
cr
e
an
d
b
r
ig
h
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
th
o
s
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
as m
e
d
io
cr
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
test
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
an
g
e
s
o
f
m
ar
k
s
2
15
5
7
15
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0 ~
5
6 ~
10
1
1
~
1
5
16 ~
20
21 ~
25
M
o
r
e
No.
of
Stude
nt
s
R
ange
of
M
arks
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
1
4
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
:
4
1
6
-
429
424
3
.
2
.
2.
Ana
ly
s
is
f
o
r
t
est
-
2
(
lev
el
2
-
mo
dera
t
e/
m
edium
lev
el
)
T
h
e
q
u
esti
o
n
ar
ies
f
o
r
test
-
2
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
at
a
m
o
d
er
ate
lev
el.
Fig
u
r
e
6
illu
s
tr
ates
th
at
6
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
ed
m
a
r
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
0
-
5
,
7
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
e
d
b
etwe
en
6
-
1
0
m
a
r
k
s
,
1
1
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
b
tain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
1
-
1
5
,
1
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
ec
u
r
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
6
-
2
0
,
an
d
1
0
s
tu
d
en
ts
attain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
2
1
-
2
5
.
An
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
ea
n
an
d
m
ed
ian
d
ata
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
s
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
test
ar
e
1
4
.
2
0
5
a
n
d
1
4
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Ab
o
u
t
2
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
wer
e
u
n
d
er
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
s
co
r
e,
wh
ile
2
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ex
ce
ed
ed
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
s
co
r
e.
A
m
o
r
e
ev
en
ly
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
is
ev
id
en
t
ac
r
o
s
s
ea
ch
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ca
teg
o
r
y
in
th
e
h
is
to
g
r
am
ch
ar
t
f
o
r
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
test
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
p
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
s
h
av
e
ac
h
iev
ed
av
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
a
n
o
ta
b
le
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
o
f
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
o
v
er
th
e
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
is
th
e
m
o
r
e
u
n
if
o
r
m
d
is
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
m
a
r
k
s
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
m
o
r
e
b
alan
ce
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
clo
s
er
to
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
m
a
r
k
s
.
T
h
is
is
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
in
g
b
etwe
en
0
-
1
0
m
ar
k
s
o
n
th
e
ea
s
y
-
le
v
el
test
ar
e
1
7
an
d
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
in
g
b
etwe
en
0
-
1
0
m
ar
k
s
o
n
th
e
m
e
d
iu
m
-
le
v
el
test
ar
e
1
3
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
d
esp
ite
t
h
e
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
'
s
h
ig
h
er
d
if
f
icu
lty
,
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
h
av
e
m
an
a
g
ed
to
ac
h
iev
e
m
a
r
k
s
ex
ce
ed
in
g
1
0
,
alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
class
'
s
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
s
ar
e
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
m
e
d
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
an
g
e
s
o
f
m
ar
k
s
3.
2.
3
.
Ana
ly
s
is
f
o
r
t
est
-
3
(
lev
el
3
-
cha
lleng
ing
/di
f
f
icult
lev
el
)
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
q
u
esti
o
n
s
et
o
f
test
-
3
was
d
if
f
icu
lt
o
r
ch
allen
g
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
all
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
o
p
ar
ticip
ated
in
h
a
r
d
test
s
.
T
h
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
s
h
o
ws
th
at
1
2
s
tu
d
en
ts
attain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
0
-
5
,
2
5
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
ed
b
etwe
en
6
-
1
0
m
a
r
k
s
,
7
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
o
b
tain
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
in
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
1
1
-
1
5
,
an
d
th
er
e
we
r
e
n
o
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
wh
o
s
co
r
e
d
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
6
-
2
0
o
r
2
1
-
2
5
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
an
d
m
ed
ian
v
alu
es
f
o
r
t
h
e
h
ar
d
tes
t
ar
e
7
.
7
6
an
d
7
.
5
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
i
s
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
as
g
iv
en
in
T
ab
le
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
R
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
’
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
f
o
r
h
a
r
d
-
lev
el
test
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
wit
h
d
if
f
er
e
n
t r
an
g
e
o
f
m
ar
k
s
6
7
11
10
10
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
0 ~
5
6 ~
10
11 ~
15
16 ~
20
21 ~
25
M
o
r
e
No.
of
Stude
nt
s
R
ange
of
M
arks
12
25
7
0
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 ~
5
6 ~
10
1
1
~
1
5
16 ~
20
21 ~
25
M
o
r
e
No.
of
Stude
nt
s
R
ange
of
M
arks
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ad
v
Ap
p
l Sci
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
1
4
A
g
a
mified
o
n
lin
e
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
viro
n
men
t wi
th
co
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
a
s
s
ess
men
t
s
a
n
d
s
o
ftw
a
r
e
…
(
S
w
a
ti S
h
ila
s
ka
r
)
425
T
ab
le
1
.
Me
an
an
d
m
ed
ian
s
co
r
es o
f
th
e
test
s
Te
st
d
i
f
f
i
c
u
l
t
y
l
e
v
e
l
M
e
a
n
sc
o
r
e
M
e
d
i
a
n
sc
o
r
e
Ea
sy
1
5
.
0
7
1
5
.
5
M
e
d
i
u
m
1
4
.
2
0
14
H
a
r
d
7
.
7
6
7
.
5
Ab
o
u
t
2
0
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ar
e
u
n
d
er
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
s
co
r
e
,
wh
ile
2
4
s
t
u
d
en
ts
s
u
r
p
ass
th
e
av
er
ag
e
m
ar
k
.
Giv
en
th
e
test
'
s
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
d
if
f
icu
l
ty
,
it
is
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
th
at
n
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
e
d
m
a
r
k
s
with
in
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
1
6
-
2
5
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ass
ess
m
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
h
is
to
g
r
am
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
ed
m
ar
k
s
b
etwe
e
n
6
to
1
0
,
with
f
ewe
r
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
in
g
with
in
th
e
r
a
n
g
es
o
f
0
-
5
a
n
d
1
1
-
1
5
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
a
r
elativ
ely
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
m
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
as
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
cr
ea
s
es,
in
d
icatin
g
a
s
im
ilar
lev
el
o
f
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
class
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
eir
in
d
iv
id
u
a
l
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
co
n
ce
p
ts
m
ay
b
e
m
o
r
e
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
le
.
3
.
3
.
Co
m
bin
ed
o
v
er
a
ll a
na
ly
s
is
Fig
u
r
e
8
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
th
e
3
test
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
.
T
h
e
b
lu
e
p
lo
t
co
r
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
s
to
test
-
1
(
ea
s
y
test
)
,
th
e
o
r
an
g
e
p
l
o
t r
ep
r
esen
ts
test
-
2
(
m
ed
iu
m
t
est),
an
d
th
e
g
r
ey
p
l
o
t d
en
o
tes test
-
3
(
ch
allen
g
in
g
test
)
.
T
h
e
m
in
im
u
m
m
ar
k
s
o
b
tain
ed
in
ea
s
y
test
,
m
e
d
iu
m
te
s
t,
an
d
h
ar
d
test
ar
e
1
,
2
,
an
d
3
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
lo
west p
o
in
ts
o
n
ea
ch
p
lo
t.
T
h
e
m
ax
im
u
m
m
ar
k
s
ac
h
iev
ed
in
th
e
ea
s
y
test
,
m
ed
iu
m
test
,
an
d
h
ar
d
test
ar
e
2
5
,
2
4
,
a
n
d
1
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
d
ep
icted
b
y
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
in
ts
o
n
ea
c
h
p
l
o
t.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
a
n
d
m
ed
ia
n
m
ar
k
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
test
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
ce
n
tr
ally
with
in
th
eir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
p
lo
ts
.
I
n
th
e
f
ir
s
t
test
,
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
attain
ed
m
ar
k
s
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
3
a
n
d
9
,
w
h
ile
an
o
t
h
er
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
ed
m
ar
k
s
b
etwe
en
2
2
an
d
2
5
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
th
e
25
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
ac
h
iev
ed
m
ar
k
s
u
n
d
er
9
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
o
s
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
7
5
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
s
ec
u
r
ed
m
ar
k
s
s
u
r
p
ass
in
g
2
2
.
Fo
r
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
test
,
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
r
ec
ei
v
ed
m
ar
k
s
r
an
g
in
g
b
etwe
en
2
an
d
8
.
2
5
,
with
a
n
ad
d
itio
n
al
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
s
co
r
in
g
m
ar
k
s
b
etwe
en
1
9
a
n
d
2
5
.
T
h
u
s
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
th
e
2
5
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
ac
h
ie
v
ed
m
ar
k
s
u
n
d
er
8
.
2
5
,
wh
ile
th
o
s
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
7
5
th
p
e
r
ce
n
tile
o
b
tain
ed
m
ar
k
s
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
1
9
.
I
n
th
e
t
h
ir
d
test
,
1
1
s
tu
d
en
ts
g
ar
n
er
ed
m
ar
k
s
with
i
n
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
3
to
5
,
an
d
an
o
th
er
1
1
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
ac
h
iev
ed
m
ar
k
s
b
etwe
en
1
0
a
n
d
1
5
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
s
tu
d
en
ts
with
in
th
e
2
5
th
p
er
ce
n
tile
ac
h
ie
v
ed
m
ar
k
s
u
n
d
er
5
,
wh
ile
th
o
s
e
ab
o
v
e
th
e
7
5
th
p
er
ce
n
tile sco
r
ed
m
a
r
k
s
ex
ce
e
d
in
g
1
0
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
A
b
o
x
p
lo
t r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
co
m
b
in
ed
an
aly
s
is
o
f
all
t
h
e
3
test
s
co
n
d
u
cte
d
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
n
o
tab
le
o
b
s
er
v
ati
o
n
is
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ac
h
iev
in
g
h
ig
h
er
m
ar
k
s
in
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
test
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
f
o
r
m
er
b
ein
g
o
f
h
ig
h
er
d
if
f
ic
u
lty
.
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
o
n
e
s
tu
d
en
t
o
b
tain
ed
2
0
m
ar
k
s
o
n
an
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
test
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
ey
s
co
r
ed
2
4
m
ar
k
s
o
n
a
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
.
T
h
is
d
is
cr
ep
an
cy
m
ay
b
e
p
ar
tially
attr
ib
u
ted
to
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
ad
ju
s
tm
en
t
p
er
io
d
to
th
e
o
n
lin
e
p
latf
o
r
m
d
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
test
.
Ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
8
o
u
t
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
co
n
s
titu
tin
g
n
ea
r
ly
3
6
%
o
f
th
e
co
h
o
r
t,
at
tain
ed
h
ig
h
er
m
ar
k
s
in
th
e
m
ed
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
th
an
in
th
e
ea
s
y
-
lev
el
test
,
th
er
eb
y
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
is
tr
en
d
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
n
ea
r
ly
6
o
u
t
o
f
4
4
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
3
.
5
%
o
f
th
e
co
h
o
r
t,
ac
h
iev
e
d
h
ig
h
er
av
er
a
g
e
m
ar
k
s
in
th
e
h
ar
d
-
lev
el
test
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
ea
s
y
-
an
d
m
e
d
iu
m
-
lev
el
test
s
.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
s
tu
d
en
t
s
s
co
r
ed
9
m
ar
k
s
in
b
o
th
ea
s
y
an
d
m
e
d
iu
m
-
lev
el
t
ests
b
u
t
m
an
ag
ed
to
s
co
r
e
9
m
ar
k
s
o
n
th
e
h
ar
d
-
lev
el
test
.
I
f
th
e
av
er
ag
e
o
f
ea
s
y
-
an
d
m
ed
i
u
m
-
lev
el
test
s
co
r
es
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
,
it
am
o
u
n
ts
to
9
,
wh
ich
is
lo
wer
th
a
n
th
e
s
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
h
ar
d
-
lev
el
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