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n
g
th
e
s
e
c
h
allen
g
e
s
,
th
i
s
r
esear
ch
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
t
h
e
r
ev
ie
w
-
b
a
s
ed
ad
ap
t
iv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
in
g
(R
-
AFM)
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
a
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
t
h
at
e
m
p
h
a
s
izes
r
e
al
-
ti
m
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
d
etailed
u
ti
lizatio
n
o
f
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
er
ated
co
n
te
n
t
[
5
]
.
U
n
li
k
e
it
s
p
r
ed
ec
ess
o
r
s
,
R
-
A
F
M
lev
er
a
g
es
t
h
e
r
ic
h
in
s
i
g
h
ts
a
v
ailab
le
in
u
s
er
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
r
ati
n
g
s
an
d
t
ex
tu
a
l
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
to
d
y
n
a
m
ic
all
y
ad
j
u
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
b
ased
o
n
cu
r
r
en
t
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
a
n
d
p
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
n
o
t
o
n
l
y
allo
w
s
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
n
u
a
n
ce
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
u
s
er
in
ter
ests
b
u
t
al
s
o
en
ab
les
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
to
r
esp
o
n
d
i
m
m
ed
iatel
y
to
s
h
i
f
t
s
in
th
o
s
e
in
ter
e
s
ts
,
t
h
er
eb
y
d
eli
v
er
in
g
a
tr
u
l
y
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
.
T
h
e
co
r
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
f
R
-
A
F
M
lies
in
its
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
atc
h
in
g
m
ec
h
a
n
is
m
,
w
h
ich
c
o
n
tin
u
o
u
s
l
y
u
p
d
ates
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
p
r
o
f
il
es
b
ased
o
n
r
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
i
n
ter
ac
ti
o
n
s
w
i
th
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
tu
r
es.
B
y
an
al
y
z
in
g
b
o
th
t
h
e
ex
p
licit
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
p
r
o
v
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
r
ati
n
g
s
an
d
t
h
e
i
m
p
lic
i
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
in
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
r
ev
i
e
w
te
x
ts
,
R
-
AFM
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
a
d
etailed
an
d
e
v
o
lv
in
g
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
el
th
e
n
g
u
id
es
t
h
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
a
t
s
u
g
g
es
ted
p
r
o
d
u
cts
alig
n
clo
s
el
y
w
it
h
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
cu
r
r
en
t
in
ter
est
s
a
n
d
n
ee
d
s
.
T
o
ev
al
u
ate
th
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
n
es
s
o
f
R
-
A
F
M,
w
e
co
n
d
u
cted
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
e
x
is
tin
g
p
er
s
o
n
al
iz
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
:
C
F,
C
B
F,
H
y
b
r
id
R
S,
an
d
D
L
-
R
S.
T
h
e
e
v
alu
atio
n
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
f
o
u
r
k
e
y
m
etr
ic
s
:
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
r
ec
all,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
ated
th
at
R
-
AFM
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
ed
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
m
eth
o
d
s
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
etr
ics,
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
in
g
it
s
s
u
p
er
io
r
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
elev
an
t a
n
d
ti
m
el
y
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
T
h
e
im
p
l
ic
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
th
is
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
a
r
e
p
r
o
f
o
u
n
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
ie
l
d
o
f
e
-
c
o
m
m
e
r
ce
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
iz
a
t
i
o
n
.
B
y
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
in
g
th
e
f
e
as
i
b
i
li
ty
a
n
d
ef
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
r
e
al
-
t
im
e
a
d
a
p
t
i
v
e
f
e
atu
r
e
m
a
t
ch
in
g
,
R
-
A
F
M
s
et
s
a
n
ew
b
e
n
ch
m
a
r
k
f
o
r
r
e
c
o
m
m
en
d
a
t
io
n
s
y
s
t
em
s
.
I
ts
a
b
i
li
ty
t
o
d
y
n
am
i
ca
l
ly
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
u
s
e
r
f
ee
d
b
a
c
k
an
d
a
d
ju
s
t
r
e
c
o
m
m
en
d
a
ti
o
n
s
a
c
c
o
r
d
in
g
ly
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
av
en
u
e
f
o
r
e
n
h
an
c
in
g
u
s
e
r
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
s
a
t
is
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
[
1
1
]
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
r
-
g
en
e
r
a
te
d
c
o
n
t
en
t
as
a
p
r
im
a
r
y
d
a
ta
s
o
u
r
c
e
f
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
iz
a
ti
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
s
t
h
e
v
a
lu
e
o
f
i
n
t
eg
r
a
ti
n
g
q
u
a
l
it
a
t
iv
e
i
n
s
ig
h
t
s
in
t
o
r
e
c
o
m
m
en
d
a
ti
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
e
R
-
A
F
M
al
g
o
r
it
h
m
r
e
p
r
es
en
ts
a
s
ig
n
if
i
c
an
t
l
e
a
p
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
in
t
h
e
q
u
e
s
t
f
o
r
t
r
u
ly
p
e
r
s
o
n
al
i
z
e
d
e
-
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
e
ex
p
e
r
i
e
n
ce
s
.
B
y
h
ar
n
es
s
in
g
th
e
p
o
w
er
o
f
r
e
a
l
-
tim
e
d
a
t
a
an
d
u
s
e
r
-
g
en
e
r
a
te
d
c
o
n
t
en
t
,
R
-
A
F
M
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
s
o
p
h
i
s
t
i
c
a
te
d
,
a
d
a
p
t
a
b
l
e
,
an
d
h
i
g
h
ly
ef
f
e
ct
iv
e
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
e
c
o
m
m
en
d
a
t
i
o
n
,
s
e
tt
in
g
a
n
ew
s
t
an
d
a
r
d
f
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
li
z
a
ti
o
n
in
th
e
d
ig
i
ta
l m
a
r
k
e
t
p
l
a
c
e
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
W
O
RK
T
h
e
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
p
latf
o
r
m
s
h
a
s
n
ec
e
s
s
ita
t
ed
m
o
r
e
s
o
p
h
is
ticated
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
th
e
cr
itical
r
o
le
o
f
ad
a
p
tiv
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
u
s
er
ex
p
er
ien
ce
an
d
en
g
a
g
e
m
en
t.
T
h
is
liter
at
u
r
e
r
ev
ie
w
d
el
v
es
i
n
to
t
h
e
f
o
u
n
d
ati
o
n
al
th
eo
r
ies,
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
ies,
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
s
in
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
,
s
etti
n
g
th
e
s
ta
g
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
R
-
A
F
M
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
i
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
e
m
er
g
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
b
r
o
ad
er
f
ield
o
f
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
er
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
in
i
tiall
y
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
C
F
tec
h
n
iq
u
es.
P
io
n
ee
r
in
g
w
o
r
k
s
b
y
P
er
u
g
i
n
i
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
l
aid
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
w
o
r
k
b
y
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ati
n
g
h
o
w
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
co
u
ld
b
e
in
f
er
r
ed
f
r
o
m
co
llecti
v
e
u
s
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
C
F
'
s
li
m
ita
tio
n
s
,
n
o
tab
l
y
co
ld
s
tar
t
an
d
s
p
ar
s
it
y
is
s
u
e
s
,
p
r
o
m
p
ted
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
C
B
F
as
a
co
m
p
le
m
e
n
tar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
P
az
za
n
i
an
d
B
ills
u
s
[
1
4
]
w
er
e
i
n
s
tr
u
m
e
n
tal
i
n
ad
v
an
ci
n
g
C
B
F,
w
h
ich
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
ite
m
s
b
y
an
al
y
z
in
g
t
h
e
co
n
te
n
t o
f
p
r
o
d
u
cts an
d
u
s
er
p
r
o
f
iles
.
R
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
h
e
r
e
n
t
i
n
b
o
t
h
C
F
a
n
d
C
B
F
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
h
y
b
r
i
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
.
Ç
a
n
o
a
n
d
M
o
r
i
s
i
o
[
1
5
]
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
a
t
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
o
f
Hy
b
r
i
d
R
S
,
i
l
l
u
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
h
o
w
b
l
e
n
d
i
n
g
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
c
o
u
l
d
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
e
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
h
o
r
t
c
o
m
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
e
h
y
b
r
i
d
s
y
s
t
em
s
p
a
v
e
d
t
h
e
w
ay
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
n
u
a
n
c
e
d
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
,
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
b
a
l
a
n
c
i
n
g
u
s
e
r
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
i
ty
w
i
t
h
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
r
e
l
e
v
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
le
ar
n
in
g
(
M
L
)
a
n
d
d
ee
p
lear
n
in
g
(
D
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tec
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iq
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m
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a
s
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if
ican
t
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o
r
ith
m
s
.
Ma
d
ad
ip
o
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a
n
d
C
h
el
liah
[
1
6
]
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
t
h
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
M
L
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
in
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m
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m
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d
atio
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Mo
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ac
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a
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r
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en
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P
an
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.
[
1
7
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s
h
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h
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w
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W
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L
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w
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J
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ch
[
1
8
]
,
w
h
o
h
ig
h
lig
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ted
th
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p
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t
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tial
f
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in
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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ex
p
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R
ei
ch
et
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[
1
9
]
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
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s
ar
ea
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
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ev
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b
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p
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it
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[
2
0
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d
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tr
a
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d
h
o
w
u
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ev
i
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w
s
co
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ld
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in
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f
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th
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s
tr
ateg
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s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
R
-
A
FM
alg
o
r
i
th
m
b
u
ild
s
o
n
th
ese
f
o
u
n
d
at
io
n
s
,
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
an
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
s
y
n
th
esizes
th
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
r
ev
i
ew
s
w
ith
r
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-
tim
e
in
t
er
ac
t
io
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d
at
a.
B
y
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ap
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to
b
o
th
ex
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lic
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ee
d
b
ac
k
(
th
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g
h
r
ev
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ws)
an
d
i
m
p
lici
t
s
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n
a
ls
(
v
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ti
m
e
in
ter
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)
,
R
-
A
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r
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ese
n
ts
t
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ex
t
s
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th
e
e
v
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l
u
tio
n
o
f
p
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s
o
n
aliza
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tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
,
p
r
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m
i
s
i
n
g
en
h
a
n
ce
d
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
v
en
es
s
,
an
d
u
s
er
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
i
n
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
s
etti
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
tr
aj
ec
to
r
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
p
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s
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n
aliza
ti
o
n
r
ev
ea
ls
a
co
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
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t
f
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m
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tiv
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d
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ic
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ec
o
m
m
e
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d
atio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
R
-
AFM
alg
o
r
ith
m
,
w
it
h
its
u
n
iq
u
e
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
r
ev
ie
w
an
a
l
y
s
i
s
an
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
ad
ap
tab
ilit
y
,
e
m
b
o
d
ies
th
e
cu
l
m
in
atio
n
o
f
d
ec
ad
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o
f
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esear
ch
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d
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n
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v
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ai
n
,
o
f
f
er
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n
g
n
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w
p
ath
w
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s
f
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cin
g
t
h
e
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n
li
n
e
s
h
o
p
p
in
g
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
[
2
5
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
R
-
AFM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
v
e
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
e
-
c
o
m
m
er
ce
p
er
s
o
n
a
lizatio
n
,
le
v
er
ag
in
g
t
h
e
r
ich
in
s
i
g
h
t
s
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
-
g
e
n
e
r
ated
co
n
ten
t
a
n
d
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
dy
n
a
m
icall
y
ad
ap
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
to
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
,
u
s
i
n
g
a
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
r
ev
ie
w
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atch
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
w
in
g
o
u
tli
n
e
s
th
e
d
esig
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
R
-
AFM
,
in
clu
d
in
g
d
ataset
d
escr
ip
tio
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
s
tep
s
.
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
et
des
cr
iptio
n
T
h
e
R
-
AFM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
Am
az
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ev
ie
w
d
ataset
,
w
h
ic
h
co
n
tain
s
1
4
2
m
illi
o
n
u
s
er
r
ev
ies
w
i
th
9
m
il
lio
n
u
n
iq
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
I
t
is
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
i
v
e
co
llectio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ev
ie
w
s
an
d
m
etad
ata
f
r
o
m
Am
az
o
n
.
T
h
is
d
ataset
co
m
p
r
i
s
es sev
e
r
al
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
:
‒
User
r
ev
ie
w
s
: e
ac
h
r
ev
ie
w
i
n
c
lu
d
es a
u
n
iq
u
e
u
s
er
I
D,
p
r
o
d
u
ct
I
D,
r
atin
g
s
co
r
e
(
r
an
g
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
1
to
5
)
,
an
d
tex
t
u
al
r
ev
ie
w
co
n
ten
t.
R
ev
ie
w
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ir
ec
t in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
.
‒
P
r
o
d
u
ct
m
etad
ata:
m
e
tad
ata
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct
e
n
co
m
p
as
s
e
s
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct
I
D,
titl
e,
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
an
d
a
d
etailed
lis
t
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
t
u
r
es
(
e.
g
.
,
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
b
r
an
d
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
)
.
T
h
is
in
f
o
r
m
a
tio
n
is
cr
itica
l
f
o
r
ex
tr
ac
ti
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
t
u
r
es
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
izin
g
ite
m
s
.
‒
User
in
te
r
a
cti
o
n
s
:
w
h
i
le
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
d
ataset
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
s
im
u
latio
n
o
f
r
e
al
-
tim
e
u
s
er
in
te
r
a
cti
o
n
s
is
d
e
r
iv
e
d
f
r
o
m
r
ev
iew
tim
estam
p
s
,
in
d
ica
tin
g
u
s
e
r
en
g
ag
em
en
t w
ith
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
v
e
r
t
im
e.
3
.
2
.
Desig
n
m
et
ho
do
lo
g
y
T
h
e
R
-
A
FM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
's
d
esi
g
n
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
v
o
lv
e
s
s
ev
er
al
cr
itical
s
tep
s
,
tailo
r
ed
t
o
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
e
d
ataset
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
a
n
d
g
e
n
er
at
e
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
:
‒
Featu
r
e
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
:
th
e
f
ir
s
t ste
p
in
v
o
l
v
es p
ar
s
i
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
m
e
tad
ata
to
id
en
ti
f
y
a
n
d
ex
tr
ac
t a
s
tan
d
ar
d
ized
s
et
o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
es
f
o
r
ea
c
h
p
r
o
d
u
ct.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
til
izes
b
id
ir
ec
tio
n
al
en
co
d
er
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
(
B
E
R
T
)
n
atu
r
al
lan
g
u
ag
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
i
n
g
(
N
L
P
)
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
ca
teg
o
r
ize
an
d
n
o
r
m
alize
p
r
o
d
u
ct
attr
ib
u
tes,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
co
n
s
i
s
te
n
c
y
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
d
ataset.
‒
User
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
eli
n
g
:
u
t
ilizin
g
t
h
e
r
ati
n
g
s
a
n
d
te
x
tu
a
l
co
n
ten
t
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
t
h
e
al
g
o
r
ith
m
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
s
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el.
T
ex
t
an
al
y
s
is
,
s
e
n
ti
m
en
t
an
al
y
s
i
s
,
an
d
r
atin
g
s
co
r
es
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
ass
i
g
n
i
n
g
w
ei
g
h
t
s
to
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
tu
r
es,
r
ef
lec
tin
g
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
's p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
an
d
in
ter
est
s
.
‒
A
d
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
:
a
t
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
R
-
A
FM
i
s
th
e
a
d
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
m
ec
h
an
i
s
m
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ca
lcu
lates
th
e
r
ele
v
an
ce
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct
to
a
u
s
er
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
's
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
ag
ain
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct
f
ea
t
u
r
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ad
j
u
s
ti
n
g
w
ei
g
h
ts
in
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
b
ased
o
n
o
n
g
o
in
g
u
s
er
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n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
e
m
p
lo
y
s
a
d
ec
a
y
f
ac
to
r
to
m
a
n
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g
e
t
h
e
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
p
ast
in
ter
ac
t
io
n
s
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
t
h
at
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
r
e
m
ai
n
cu
r
r
en
t a
n
d
r
ef
lec
tiv
e
o
f
th
e
late
s
t
u
s
er
b
eh
a
v
io
r
.
‒
R
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
:
b
ased
o
n
th
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
r
es
u
lts
,
R
-
AF
M
g
en
er
ates
a
p
er
s
o
n
alize
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s
et
o
f
p
r
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d
u
ct
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ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
.
Pro
d
u
cts
ar
e
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k
ed
ac
co
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d
in
g
to
th
eir
m
atc
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s
co
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w
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h
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g
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te
m
s
p
r
io
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itized
in
th
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ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
li
s
t.
‒
Feed
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
in
te
g
r
atio
n
:
t
h
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
lo
g
y
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
a
r
ea
l
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ti
m
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
lo
o
p
,
allo
w
in
g
th
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
to
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ef
in
e
a
n
d
ad
j
u
s
t
u
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er
p
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en
ce
m
o
d
el
s
b
ased
o
n
n
e
w
i
n
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
h
a
n
ce
s
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
's ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
en
e
s
s
o
v
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ti
m
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T
h
e
R
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AFM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
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m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
r
ep
r
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a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ad
v
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n
ce
m
e
n
t
in
e
-
co
m
m
er
c
e
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s
.
B
y
in
teg
r
ati
n
g
d
etailed
r
ev
ie
w
an
al
y
s
is
w
it
h
d
y
n
a
m
ic
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
in
g
,
R
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AFM
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3
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Alg
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:
re
v
iew
-
ba
s
ed
a
da
ptiv
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f
ea
t
ure
m
a
t
chi
ng
Data
s
et
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
:
u
s
er
r
ev
i
e
w
s
R
:
s
et
o
f
r
ev
ie
w
s
,
w
h
er
e
ea
ch
r
ev
ie
w
r
i
is
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
a
u
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a
p
r
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d
u
ct
p
,
an
d
in
clu
d
es
a
r
a
tin
g
s
i
.
P
r
o
d
u
ct
m
etad
ata
M
:
s
et
o
f
m
e
tad
ata
f
o
r
ea
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct,
in
cl
u
d
in
g
titl
e,
d
escr
ip
tio
n
,
an
d
ca
teg
o
r
ized
f
e
atu
r
es
F
.
No
tatio
n
s
:
U
: Set
o
f
u
s
er
s
.
P
: Set
o
f
p
r
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d
u
cts.
F
: Set
o
f
f
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t
u
r
es a
cr
o
s
s
all
p
r
o
d
u
cts.
R
u
: Set
o
f
r
ev
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w
s
w
r
itte
n
b
y
u
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er
u
.
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p
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f
f
ea
t
u
r
es a
s
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
p
r
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d
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ct
p
.
S
u,
p
: Ratin
g
s
co
r
e
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
u
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
.
W
u,
f
: W
eig
h
t o
f
f
ea
t
u
r
e
f
f
o
r
u
s
er
u
,
in
d
icati
n
g
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
tr
en
g
t
h
.
Step
s
:
a)
Featu
r
e
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
:
E
x
tr
ac
t f
ea
t
u
r
es
F
p
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
m
etad
ata
(
M
)
o
f
ea
ch
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
.
No
r
m
a
lize
an
d
ca
te
g
o
r
ize
f
ea
t
u
r
es i
n
to
a
u
n
i
f
ied
f
ea
tu
r
e
s
e
t
F
.
b)
User
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
eli
n
g
:
Fo
r
ea
ch
r
ev
ie
w
r
i b
y
u
s
er
u
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
p
,
an
aly
ze
t
h
e
r
ati
n
g
s
i a
n
d
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ct's f
ea
t
u
r
es
Fp
.
Up
d
ate
th
e
u
s
er
'
s
f
ea
t
u
r
e
p
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
w
e
ig
h
t W
u
,
f
b
ased
o
n
th
e
r
atin
g
a
n
d
f
ea
t
u
r
e
p
r
esen
ce
,
u
s
i
n
g
(
1
)
:
,
=
∑
,
.
(
∈
)
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(
∈
)
∈
(
1
)
Her
e,
l(
f
F
p
)
is
an
in
d
icato
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
eq
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al
s
l
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f
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r
e
f
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r
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t
in
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d
P
u
is
th
e
s
et
o
f
p
r
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d
u
cts r
ev
ie
w
ed
b
y
u
.
c)
R
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
g
e
n
er
atio
n
:
Fo
r
a
tar
g
et
u
s
er
u
,
ca
lc
u
late
t
h
e
m
atc
h
s
co
r
e
Mu
,
p
f
o
r
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ch
p
r
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d
u
ct
p
n
o
t y
et
i
n
ter
ac
ted
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th
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s
in
g
(
2
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=
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.
(
∈
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∈
(
2
)
R
an
k
p
r
o
d
u
cts b
y
M
u
,
p
to
g
en
er
ate
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
.
d)
A
d
ap
tiv
e
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
l
o
o
p
:
Mo
n
ito
r
r
ea
l
-
ti
m
e
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
v
ie
w
s
,
clic
k
s
)
to
ad
j
u
s
t
W
u,
f
d
y
n
a
m
icall
y
,
en
h
a
n
ci
n
g
t
h
e
alg
o
r
ith
m
's r
esp
o
n
s
i
v
en
e
s
s
to
ch
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g
i
n
g
p
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
.
Ou
tp
u
t
,
A
r
a
n
k
ed
lis
t
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
u
s
er
,
ad
ap
tiv
el
y
u
p
d
ated
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
r
ev
ie
w
h
is
to
r
y
an
d
r
ea
l
-
t
i
m
e
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
.
T
h
is
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
tili
ze
s
t
h
e
Am
az
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ct
r
ev
ie
w
d
ataset
to
cr
ea
te
a
d
y
n
a
m
ic,
f
ea
t
u
r
e
-
b
ased
u
s
er
p
r
ef
er
en
ce
m
o
d
el
t
h
at
ad
ap
ts
in
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ea
l
-
ti
m
e,
o
f
f
er
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g
a
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
e
-
c
o
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m
er
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ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
g
r
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n
d
ed
in
u
s
er
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
p
atter
n
s
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S
Fo
r
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
s
ce
n
ar
io
w
h
er
e
w
e
e
v
alu
a
te
th
e
n
o
v
e
l
R
-
AFM
al
g
o
r
ith
m
a
g
ai
n
s
t
f
o
u
r
ex
is
ti
n
g
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
i
n
an
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
s
e
tti
n
g
.
T
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
co
u
ld
i
n
clu
d
e
C
F,
C
B
F,
H
y
b
r
id
R
S,
a
n
d
DL
-
R
S.
T
h
e
ev
al
u
atio
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
m
etr
ics
t
h
at
ar
e
cr
itical
f
o
r
ass
es
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
p
er
s
o
n
aliza
tio
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
: a
cc
u
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
r
ec
all,
an
d
F1
-
s
co
r
e.
4
.
1
.
E
v
a
lua
t
i
o
n
m
et
rics
T
o
ass
ess
th
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
ess
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
,
“
E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
e
-
co
m
m
er
ce
p
er
s
o
n
al
iza
tio
n
w
it
h
r
ev
ie
w
-
b
a
s
ed
ad
ap
tiv
e
f
ea
t
u
r
e
m
atc
h
i
n
g
”
w
e
e
m
p
lo
y
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
i
v
e
s
et
o
f
e
v
al
u
atio
n
m
etr
ics
t
h
at
ca
p
t
u
r
e
b
o
th
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
atio
n
q
u
alit
y
an
d
s
y
s
te
m
e
f
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
etr
ics
ar
e
cr
itica
l
f
o
r
q
u
a
n
ti
f
y
in
g
t
h
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
,
r
elev
an
ce
,
a
n
d
r
esp
o
n
s
iv
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
p
er
s
o
n
alize
d
p
r
o
d
u
ct
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;
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r
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f
co
r
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tl
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h
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:
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2183
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ith
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ates
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ai
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te
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I
n
co
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clu
s
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th
e
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alg
o
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ith
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f
ic
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e
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lized
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m
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er
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m
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.
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ate
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ti
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ata,
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s
ets
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s
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ar
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f
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o
n
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lg
o
r
ith
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m
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s
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g
to
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l
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as i
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Aut
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DATA AV
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y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
P
.
K
.
S
i
n
g
h
,
P
.
K
.
D
.
P
r
a
ma
n
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k
,
A
.
K
.
D
e
y
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a
n
d
P
.
C
h
o
u
d
h
u
r
y
,
“
R
e
c
o
mm
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d
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r
sy
st
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ms:
a
n
o
v
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v
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,
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r
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n
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.
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2
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A
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.
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.
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ms,”
Ex
p
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rt
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y
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t
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.
[
3
]
M
.
M
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o
,
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.
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.
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o
,
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R
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c
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sy
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.
[
4
]
Y
.
B
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Y
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u
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,
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[
5
]
B
.
K
.
K
u
mar
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n
d
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S
.
R
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y
,
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A
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.
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[
6
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L
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W
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r
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r
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c
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[
7
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M
.
El
a
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D
.
K
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K
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g
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,
M
.
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8
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J.
C
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a
l
.
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e
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s,”
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8
.
[
9
]
R
.
E.
O
’
D
e
a
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t
a
l
.
,
“
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r
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0
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Y
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a
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s:
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1
1
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M
.
V
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1
2
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.
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[
1
3
]
S
.
P
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M
.
A
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o
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E.
A
.
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o
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[
1
4
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M
.
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s,
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[
1
5
]
E.
Ç
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M
.
M
o
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o
,
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y
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[
1
6
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.
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S
.
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,
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B
RAIN
:
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d
Re
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rc
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Art
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.
[
1
7
]
J.
P
a
n
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
d
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c
o
mm
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n
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p
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8
.
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7
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6
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.
[
1
8
]
M
.
L
u
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e
w
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d
D
.
Ja
n
n
a
c
h
,
“
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ms,”
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ser
Mo
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[
1
9
]
B
.
R
e
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c
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t
a
l
.
,
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i
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,
”
K
i
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[
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0
]
H
.
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,
J.
M
c
A
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,
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d
J
.
L
e
sk
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,
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me
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1
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M
.
K
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mal
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A
.
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.
H
i
me
l
,
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[
2
2
]
S
.
K
.
B
o
k
,
“
En
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.
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.
[
2
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