I
AE
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
Ar
t
if
icial
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
Vol.
14
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2025
,
pp.
2471
~
2478
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jai
.
v
14
.i
5
.
pp
24
71
-
2478
2471
Jou
r
n
al
h
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:
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tp:
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y
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p
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2024
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e
vis
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M
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r
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2025
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pted
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r
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T
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I)
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In
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earch
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ct
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a
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g
al
p
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c
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p
l
e
s
.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
Ar
ti
f
icia
l
int
e
ll
igenc
e
C
a
tegor
y
theor
y
E
thi
c
s
L
a
w
T
e
c
hnology
Th
i
s
i
s
a
n
o
p
en
a
c
ces
s
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
CC
B
Y
-
SA
l
i
ce
n
s
e.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
S
of
ia
Ana
s
tas
iadou
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
S
tatis
ti
c
s
a
nd
I
ns
ur
a
nc
e
S
c
ienc
e
,
S
c
hool
of
E
c
onomi
c
S
c
ienc
e
s
,
Unive
r
s
it
y
of
W
e
s
ter
n
M
a
c
e
donia,
Gr
e
e
c
e
E
mail
:
s
a
na
s
tas
iadou@
uowm.
gr
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
T
I
ON
Ar
ti
f
icia
l
int
e
ll
igenc
e
(
A
I
)
ha
s
be
c
ome
one
o
f
the
main
dr
ivi
ng
f
or
c
e
s
of
moder
n
indus
tr
ial
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
s
we
ll
a
s
of
the
digi
tal
e
c
onomy
a
n
d
now
ha
s
a
p
r
of
ound
inf
luenc
e
on
the
f
or
mation
of
s
oc
ial
e
volut
ion,
human
c
omm
unica
ti
on,
e
c
onomi
c
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
,
pe
r
s
ona
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd,
thus
,
o
n
mos
t
dim
e
ns
ions
of
human
li
f
e
[
1]
–
[
4
]
.
T
he
incr
e
a
s
ingl
y
pe
r
va
s
ive
a
nd
s
ubs
tantial
int
e
r
a
c
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
the
int
e
r
ne
t
of
thi
ngs
,
big
da
ta
,
A
I
,
r
e
a
l
e
c
onomy
a
nd
s
oc
ial
r
e
lations
hips
,
c
r
e
a
tes
ne
w
de
mands
a
nd
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
f
or
the
e
xis
ti
ng
lega
l
s
ys
tems
[
5]
.
M
or
e
pr
e
c
is
e
ly,
AI
ha
s
a
c
a
talyti
c
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
the
p
r
oduc
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
of
goods
,
the
c
oe
xis
tenc
e
of
wor
ke
r
s
a
nd
mac
hines
,
the
wa
y
de
c
is
ion
making
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
r
e
made
e
qua
ll
y
the
f
or
m
a
ti
on
of
ne
w
r
e
gulator
y
r
e
quir
e
ments
in
the
f
ield
of
human
will
,
human
be
ha
vior
a
nd
the
c
onc
e
pts
o
f
“
r
e
s
pons
ibi
li
ty”
a
nd
“
a
c
c
ountabili
ty”
a
s
c
ons
e
que
nc
e
s
of
s
pe
c
if
ic
a
c
ti
ons
[
6]
.
W
it
hin
the
c
ontext
o
f
A
I
-
e
nr
iche
d
a
nthr
opoc
e
ntr
i
c
e
nvir
onments
,
c
r
i
ti
c
a
l
que
s
ti
ons
a
r
is
e
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
a
de
qua
c
y
of
c
ur
r
e
nt
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
I
s
ther
e
a
n
e
e
d
f
or
a
n
innovative
latti
c
e
o
f
law
s
that
include
s
ne
w
lega
l
f
ictions
[
7]
,
o
r
c
a
n
e
xis
ti
ng
lega
l
thought
be
a
da
pted
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
the
c
ompl
e
xit
ie
s
int
r
oduc
e
d
by
AI
[
8]
?
F
ur
ther
mor
e
,
to
wha
t
e
xtent
c
a
n
human
be
ha
vio
r
a
lone
s
uf
f
ice
in
thi
s
e
volvi
ng
lands
c
a
pe
[
9]
?
His
tor
ica
l
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
s
ugge
s
t
that,
de
s
pit
e
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
r
e
volut
ions
,
tr
a
dit
ional
lega
l
p
r
inciples
ha
ve
e
ndu
r
e
d
[
10
]
.
As
a
r
ti
c
ulate
d
by
Ame
r
ica
n
J
udge
C
ur
ti
s
Ka
r
now
,
it
is
not
tec
hnology
that
a
lt
e
r
s
the
law
;
r
a
ther
,
i
t
i
s
the
law
that
e
volves
in
r
e
s
pons
e
to
ne
w
e
c
onomi
c
r
e
a
li
t
ies
int
r
oduc
e
d
by
tec
hnology
[
11]
.
Ye
t
,
a
s
the
e
c
onomy
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2025
:
2471
-
2478
2472
e
xpa
nds
,
we
mus
t
c
ons
ider
how
f
unda
menta
ll
y
the
tene
ts
of
law
mus
t
s
hif
t.
Que
s
ti
ons
a
ls
o
a
r
is
e
r
e
ga
r
ding
the
r
e
lations
hip
be
twe
e
n
A
I
e
nt
it
ies
a
nd
na
tur
a
l
pe
r
s
o
ns
unde
r
c
ivi
l
law
.
C
a
n
a
n
AI
s
ys
tem
be
leg
a
ll
y
a
na
logous
to
t
r
a
dit
ional
tool
s
li
ke
tele
phone
s
o
r
typew
r
it
e
r
s
?
I
s
it
f
e
a
s
ibl
e
to
ho
ld
AI
e
nti
ti
e
s
a
c
c
ountable
a
s
o
ne
would
f
or
a
de
f
e
c
ti
ve
pr
oduc
t
withi
n
the
s
upply
c
ha
in?
T
he
s
e
inqui
r
ies
unde
r
s
c
or
e
e
thi
c
a
l
dil
e
mm
a
s
a
s
s
oc
i
a
ted
with
AI
’
s
pe
r
va
s
ive
p
r
e
s
e
nc
e
in
e
ve
r
yda
y
li
f
e
a
nd
the
f
r
a
gil
it
y
of
s
oc
ieta
l
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
in
r
e
s
pons
e
to
s
u
c
h
r
a
pid
c
ha
nge
[
12]
.
R
e
ga
r
dles
s
of
how
thes
e
que
s
ti
ons
a
r
e
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d,
law
will
play
a
c
r
uc
ial
r
ole
in
s
ha
ping
c
oe
xis
tenc
e
with
thes
e
"
int
e
ll
igent,
"
"
r
e
a
s
ona
bl
e
,
"
a
nd
"
a
utonom
ous
"
e
nti
ti
e
s
—
whe
th
e
r
they
manif
e
s
t
a
s
r
obots
,
mac
hines
,
or
s
of
twa
r
e
.
M
a
ny
e
xis
ti
ng
lega
l
s
ys
tems
,
including
na
ti
ona
l,
s
upr
a
na
ti
ona
l,
a
nd
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
,
ha
ve
a
lr
e
a
dy
ini
t
iate
d
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
s
of
r
e
-
r
e
gulation,
c
o
-
r
e
gulation,
a
nd
de
-
r
e
gulation
to
a
da
pt
to
the
de
mands
of
a
ne
w
digi
tal
lands
c
a
pe
[
13]
.
T
h
is
s
tu
dy
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
A
I
's
l
e
ga
l
dis
r
up
ti
on
a
s
a
“
q
ua
s
i
-
c
o
up
”
t
ha
t
c
ha
ll
e
n
ge
s
e
s
ta
b
li
s
he
d
l
e
ga
l
s
t
r
uc
tu
r
e
s
,
a
na
lo
go
us
to
h
is
t
o
r
i
c
s
o
c
i
e
t
a
l
s
h
i
f
ts
,
whe
r
e
s
u
dd
e
n
c
h
a
n
ge
s
r
e
q
ui
r
e
d
le
ga
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
to
u
n
de
r
g
o
s
w
i
f
t
a
nd
f
u
nd
a
me
n
tal
a
da
pt
a
t
io
ns
.
Ho
we
v
e
r
,
un
li
ke
t
r
a
d
it
io
na
l
up
he
a
va
ls
ma
r
ke
d
by
f
o
r
c
e
,
A
I
's
in
te
g
r
a
t
io
n
is
a
s
ub
tl
e
r
f
o
r
c
e
,
pe
r
mea
ti
ng
va
r
io
us
s
e
c
to
r
s
s
uc
h
a
s
h
e
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
,
f
i
na
n
c
e
,
tr
a
ns
po
r
ta
ti
on
,
a
n
d
e
v
e
n
th
e
l
e
g
a
l
f
ie
ld
i
ts
e
l
f
.
T
h
is
un
pr
e
c
e
de
nt
e
d
e
vo
lu
t
io
n
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
t
e
s
a
p
r
oa
c
t
ive
le
ga
l
s
h
i
f
t
to
e
ns
u
r
e
tha
t
t
he
va
lue
s
e
m
be
dd
e
d
in
t
r
a
d
it
i
ona
l
la
w
,
inc
lu
d
in
g
p
r
iv
a
c
y
,
f
a
i
r
ne
s
s
,
a
n
d
h
u
man
a
c
c
o
un
ta
bi
li
ty
,
a
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
r
ve
d
in
th
e
f
a
c
e
o
f
A
I
’
s
t
r
a
ns
f
o
r
ma
t
ive
i
mpa
c
t
.
T
his
pa
pe
r
a
im
s
to
il
lum
inate
A
I
's
tr
a
ns
f
or
mative
potential
withi
n
law
-
c
e
ntr
ic
e
nvir
onments
,
s
e
r
ving
a
s
a
s
tar
ti
ng
point
f
o
r
r
e
thi
nking
r
e
gulator
y
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
that
r
e
s
pond
to
AI
a
ppli
c
a
ti
ons
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
inf
luenc
ing
the
f
ounda
ti
ons
of
lega
l
s
c
ienc
e
.
I
t
po
s
it
s
a
phil
os
ophica
l
thes
i
s
in
a
li
gnment
with
global
e
f
f
or
ts
to
int
e
gr
a
te
AI
lega
ll
y
int
o
s
oc
ieta
l
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
.
T
he
methodology
e
mpl
oye
d
is
bibl
iog
r
a
phic
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
f
o
r
other
wis
e
it
c
a
nnot
be
ba
s
e
d
on
e
mpi
r
ica
l
da
ta,
but
on
c
r
it
ica
l
a
na
lys
is
a
nd
c
lar
if
ica
ti
on
of
s
pe
c
if
ic
te
r
ms
that
c
ons
ti
tut
e
the
ba
s
ic
c
onc
e
ptual
tool
s
of
the
s
tudy.
As
pa
r
t
of
the
ongoing
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
int
o
the
s
yne
r
gy
be
twe
e
n
AI
a
nd
law
,
thi
s
pa
pe
r
e
xplor
e
s
how
AI
dis
r
upts
tr
a
dit
ional
lega
l
s
ys
tems
,
lea
ding
to
wha
t
we
de
s
c
r
ibe
a
s
“
legal
c
oup
d’
é
tat
"
t
o
e
mphas
ize
the
u
r
ge
nt
ne
e
d
f
or
r
e
gulator
y
r
e
f
o
r
m
in
f
utu
r
e
hybr
id
s
oc
ieties
.
I
n
de
e
d,
AI
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
the
c
or
e
pr
inciples
of
law
by
ope
r
a
ti
ng
a
utonom
ous
ly,
o
f
ten
be
yond
human
c
o
ntr
ol
or
pr
e
dicta
bil
it
y,
thus
c
ompl
ica
ti
ng
li
a
bil
it
y
,
a
c
c
ountabili
ty,
a
nd
the
pr
o
tec
ti
on
of
f
unda
menta
l
human
r
ight
s
.
De
s
pit
e
the
e
xtens
ive
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
the
s
oc
ial
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
of
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
AI
int
o
s
oc
iety,
much
of
the
e
xis
ti
ng
li
ter
a
tur
e
tends
to
a
ppr
oa
c
h
thes
e
is
s
ue
s
f
r
om
a
na
r
r
ow
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
.
M
os
t
s
tudi
e
s
f
oc
us
e
it
he
r
o
n
tec
hnica
l
f
e
a
tur
e
s
or
on
ge
ne
r
a
l
guidelines
,
of
ten
ne
glec
ti
ng
to
pr
opos
e
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
s
olut
i
ons
that
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
br
idge
the
ga
p
be
twe
e
n
the
r
a
pid
a
d
va
nc
e
ments
in
AI
tec
hnology
a
nd
the
s
tabili
ty
of
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
T
o
a
dd
r
e
s
s
thi
s
pr
e
s
s
ing
c
ha
ll
e
nge
,
the
p
a
pe
r
pr
opos
e
s
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
o
f
c
a
tegor
y
theor
y
(
C
T
)
a
s
a
f
ounda
ti
ona
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
r
e
thi
nking
the
r
e
lation
s
hip
be
twe
e
n
AI
a
nd
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
2.
M
E
T
HO
D
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
dy
e
mp
l
o
ys
a
m
u
l
t
i
-
s
t
e
p
m
e
t
h
o
do
l
o
g
y
d
e
s
ig
n
e
d
to
a
na
l
yz
e
th
e
le
g
a
l
c
ha
l
le
n
ge
s
p
os
e
d
b
y
A
I
,
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
ua
l
iz
e
t
he
u
r
ge
n
t
ne
e
d
f
o
r
a
l
e
ga
l
s
h
i
f
t
,
a
n
d
pr
o
p
o
s
e
a
f
r
a
me
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
m
a
na
g
i
ng
t
h
is
s
h
i
f
t
t
h
r
o
ug
h
CT
.
T
h
e
m
e
t
h
o
d
is
d
iv
i
de
d
i
n
t
o
th
r
e
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
s
ta
g
e
s
:
i
)
a
b
r
o
a
d
s
c
o
pe
d
l
i
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
vi
e
w
in
o
r
d
e
r
t
o
id
e
nt
i
f
y
c
ha
l
l
e
ng
i
ng
i
s
s
u
e
s
o
f
A
I
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
on
i
n
t
o
s
o
c
i
e
t
y
;
ii
)
a
c
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
iv
e
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
on
h
o
w
l
e
g
i
s
l
a
t
io
n
h
a
s
h
a
nd
l
e
d
s
u
dd
e
n
le
g
a
l
s
h
i
ts
i
n
t
h
e
pa
s
t
;
a
n
d
iii
)
a
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
ic
a
l
mo
d
e
l
d
e
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
us
in
g
CT
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
p
r
ov
i
de
s
b
o
t
h
a
b
r
o
a
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
ng
o
f
A
I
’
s
l
e
g
a
l
i
mp
a
c
t
a
n
d
a
no
v
e
l
f
r
a
me
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
i
n
te
g
r
a
ti
n
g
A
I
w
it
h
i
n
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
le
g
a
l
s
ys
t
e
ms
.
2.
1.
B
r
oad
s
c
op
e
d
li
t
e
r
at
u
r
e
r
e
view
T
he
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
of
the
methodology
invol
ve
d
c
ond
uc
ti
ng
a
c
ompr
e
he
ns
ive
li
ter
a
tur
e
r
e
view
a
c
r
os
s
dis
c
ipl
ines
,
with
a
f
oc
us
on
both
tec
hnica
l
a
nd
lega
l
s
c
holar
s
hip.
T
his
r
e
view
a
im
e
d
to
id
e
nti
f
y
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
c
a
de
mi
c
,
lega
l,
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
dis
c
us
s
ions
a
r
ound
AI
,
pa
r
t
icula
r
ly
c
onc
e
r
ning
viol
a
ti
ons
of
f
unda
menta
l
human
r
ight
s
a
nd
of
ge
ne
r
a
l
pr
inciples
of
law
.
Ac
a
de
mi
c
da
taba
s
e
s
,
including
I
E
E
E
Xplor
e
,
J
S
T
OR
,
a
nd
L
e
xis
Ne
xi
s
,
we
r
e
us
e
d
to
ga
ther
r
e
leva
nt
li
t
e
r
a
tur
e
on
AI
,
law
,
a
nd
e
thi
c
s
.
Ke
ywor
ds
i
nc
luded
“
AI
lega
l
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
”
“
AI
lega
l
ga
ps
,
”
“
AI
leg
a
l
pr
inciples
,
”
“
AI
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
int
o
s
oc
iety,
”
a
n
d
“
AI
in
jus
ti
c
e
.
”
S
our
c
e
s
we
r
e
s
e
lec
ted
ba
s
e
d
on
r
e
leva
nc
e
,
a
nd
their
f
oc
us
on
AI
's
lega
l
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
.
B
ot
h
f
o
r
mal
s
c
ienc
e
s
(
e
.
g.
,
e
nginee
r
ing
a
nd
c
omput
e
r
s
c
ienc
e
li
ter
a
tur
e
)
a
nd
s
oc
ial
s
c
ienc
e
s
(
e
.
g.
,
law
a
nd
e
thi
c
s
)
we
r
e
r
e
view
e
d
to
e
ns
ur
e
a
mu
lt
idi
s
c
ipl
inar
y
unde
r
s
tanding
of
AI
’
s
im
pa
c
t.
T
h
is
diver
s
e
body
of
li
ter
a
tur
e
pr
ovided
f
ounda
ti
ona
l
ins
ight
s
int
o
the
p
r
im
a
r
y
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
of
AI
in
tegr
a
ti
on,
whic
h
a
r
e
s
umm
a
r
ize
d
in
the
r
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
dis
c
us
s
ion
s
e
c
ti
on
unde
r
s
pe
c
if
ic
lega
l
c
ha
ll
e
nge
a
r
e
a
s
.
2.
2.
Com
p
ar
a
t
ive
an
alys
is
of
p
as
t
legal
s
h
if
t
s
T
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
how
tr
a
dit
ional
lega
l
s
ys
tems
ha
ndle
dis
r
upti
ve
tec
hnologi
e
s
a
nd
nove
l
s
oc
ieta
l
s
hif
ts
,
the
s
tudy
unde
r
took
a
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
a
na
lys
is
of
r
e
leva
nt
lega
l
pr
e
c
e
de
nts
a
nd
r
e
gulator
y
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
.
T
his
s
tage
f
oc
us
e
d
on
identif
y
ing
ga
ps
be
twe
e
n
c
ur
r
e
nt
law
s
a
nd
the
unique
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
is
ti
c
s
of
AI
,
whic
h
tr
a
dit
io
na
l
law
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
A
ddr
e
s
s
ing
the
c
hall
e
nge
s
of
har
moniz
ing
law
and
ar
ti
fi
c
ial
inelli
ge
nc
e
tec
hnology
…
(
L
ampr
ini
Se
r
e
me
ti
)
2473
we
r
e
not
de
s
igned
to
a
ddr
e
s
s
.
R
e
c
ognizing
AI
a
s
a
tr
a
ns
f
or
mative
f
o
r
c
e
,
the
s
tudy
inves
ti
ga
ted
his
tor
ica
l
e
ve
nts
(
e
.
g.
,
poli
ti
c
a
l
a
nd
e
c
onomi
c
s
hif
ts
)
that
r
e
quir
e
d
s
igni
f
ica
nt
lega
l
a
da
ptation.
T
his
a
na
lys
is
i
nf
or
med
the
c
onc
e
ptualiza
ti
on
of
AI
a
s
a
“
qua
s
i
-
c
oup”
in
lega
l
ter
ms
.
2.
3.
T
h
e
or
e
t
ical
m
o
d
e
l
d
e
ve
lop
m
e
n
t
b
y
u
s
in
g
c
at
e
gor
y
t
h
e
or
y
B
uil
ding
on
the
identi
f
ied
lega
l
ga
ps
a
nd
his
tor
i
c
a
l
a
na
logi
e
s
,
the
s
tudy
pr
opos
e
d
CT
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
AI
int
o
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
T
he
f
e
a
tur
e
of
CT
to
br
idge
diver
s
e
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
s
pr
ovided
a
f
ounda
ti
on
f
o
r
ha
r
moni
z
ing
A
I
’
s
a
da
p
ti
ve
f
unc
ti
ons
with
the
s
tatic
pr
inciples
o
f
t
r
a
dit
io
na
l
law
.
CT
wa
s
us
e
d
to
c
ons
tr
uc
t
a
theor
e
ti
c
a
l
model
that
maps
AI
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
onto
lega
l
pr
inciples
,
us
ing
mathe
matica
l
c
onc
e
pts
li
ke
c
a
tegor
ies
a
nd
f
unc
t
or
s
to
f
or
malize
r
e
lations
hips
.
T
h
i
s
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
a
l
lo
we
d
t
he
s
tu
dy
t
o
c
r
e
a
t
e
a
f
l
e
x
ib
le
ye
t
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
d
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
c
a
pa
b
le
o
f
a
c
c
o
m
mo
da
ti
ng
A
I
’
s
e
vo
l
vi
ng
c
a
pa
b
i
li
t
ies
w
it
hi
n
l
e
g
a
l
bo
un
da
r
ies
.
T
he
methodology
c
ulm
inate
d
in
a
s
ynthes
is
of
i
ns
ight
s
f
r
om
a
ll
thr
e
e
s
tage
s
,
whic
h
c
oll
e
c
ti
ve
ly
inf
or
m
the
r
e
s
ult
s
a
nd
dis
c
us
s
ion
s
e
c
ti
on.
B
y
c
ombi
ning
mul
t
idi
s
c
ipl
inar
y
l
it
e
r
a
tur
e
r
e
view
f
in
dings
on
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
of
AI
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
int
o
s
oc
iety,
c
omp
a
r
is
on
of
ha
ndli
ng
p
r
e
c
e
de
nt
lega
l
s
hif
ts
,
a
nd
c
a
tegor
y
-
theor
e
ti
c
modeling,
the
s
tudy
of
f
e
r
s
a
c
ompr
e
h
e
ns
ive
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
o
r
a
dd
r
e
s
s
ing
AI
’
s
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
.
T
his
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
not
only
highl
ight
s
the
e
xi
s
ti
ng
ga
ps
in
AI
r
e
gulation
but
a
ls
o
s
ug
ge
s
ts
c
onc
r
e
te
a
djus
tm
e
nts
to
e
ns
ur
e
that
AI
’
s
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
r
e
s
pe
c
ts
f
unda
menta
l
lega
l
pr
inciples
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
va
lues
.
3.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
T
his
s
e
c
ti
on
pr
e
s
e
nts
the
f
indi
ngs
on
c
r
it
ica
l
thi
nking
a
nd
their
im
pli
c
a
ti
ons
f
or
the
AI
a
nd
l
a
w
s
yne
r
gy.
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
a
r
e
or
ga
ni
z
e
d
in
to
s
u
bs
e
c
t
ion
s
th
a
t
e
x
p
lo
r
e
s
p
e
c
if
ic
a
s
pe
c
ts
,
f
o
ll
owe
d
by
a
n
i
n
-
d
e
p
th
a
na
lys
is
s
it
ua
ti
ng
th
e
s
e
f
i
nd
i
ngs
w
i
th
in
th
e
b
r
oa
d
e
r
c
on
te
xt
o
f
l
e
ga
l
the
o
r
y
a
n
d
t
he
in
te
gr
a
t
io
n
o
f
A
I
i
nt
o
s
oc
i
e
t
y
.
3.
1.
Navigat
i
n
g
t
h
e
c
h
all
e
n
ge
s
of
ali
gn
i
n
g
AI
wi
t
h
law:
c
at
alys
t
s
f
or
a
legal
s
h
if
t
T
he
r
a
pid
a
dva
nc
e
ment
of
AI
ha
s
int
r
oduc
e
d
a
s
e
r
ies
of
c
ompl
e
x
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
f
o
r
lega
l
s
ys
tems
wor
ldwide,
pus
hing
tr
a
dit
ional
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
s
towa
r
d
a
potential
pa
r
a
digm
s
hif
t.
As
A
I
’
s
i
nf
luenc
e
e
xpa
nds
int
o
diver
s
e
a
r
e
a
s
of
da
il
y
li
f
e
a
nd
p
r
of
e
s
s
ional
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,
it
r
e
ve
a
ls
s
igni
f
ica
nt
lega
l
a
mbi
gu
i
ti
e
s
a
nd
ga
ps
,
e
s
pe
c
ially
r
e
ga
r
ding
pr
ivac
y,
a
c
c
ountabili
ty
,
int
e
ll
e
c
tual
pr
ope
r
ty,
a
nd
li
a
bil
it
y
[
14]
–
[
19]
.
I
n
r
e
s
pons
e
to
the
numer
ous
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
po
s
e
d
by
AI
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
int
o
s
oc
iety,
thi
s
s
tudy
f
oc
us
e
s
on
s
pe
c
if
ic
viol
a
ti
ons
of
f
unda
menta
l
human
r
ight
s
a
nd
c
or
e
lega
l
pr
inciple
s
that
a
r
e
dr
ivi
ng
a
s
hif
t
in
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
.
A
l
t
ho
u
gh
t
he
l
i
te
r
a
tu
r
e
e
x
ten
s
i
ve
ly
d
oc
ume
n
ts
AI
’
s
r
a
pi
d
i
nf
l
ue
n
c
e
a
nd
t
he
l
i
mi
ta
ti
ons
of
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
a
ws
,
t
he
r
e
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
ope
n
i
s
s
u
e
s
a
n
d
u
n
r
e
s
ol
ve
d
ga
ps
,
p
a
r
t
ic
ul
a
r
ly
a
r
o
u
n
d
A
I
’
s
a
ut
on
o
mo
us
a
c
ti
on
s
a
n
d
the
i
r
i
m
pl
ica
t
io
ns
f
o
r
e
s
ta
bl
is
he
d
l
e
g
a
l
va
lu
e
-
p
r
i
nc
ip
les
(
i
.
e
.
pr
in
c
i
p
les
t
ha
t
a
r
e
e
v
oke
d
b
y
a
nd
a
l
lu
de
to
va
lue
s
)
a
s
s
h
ow
n
i
n
T
a
ble
1
.
T
a
ble
1.
C
a
talys
ts
f
or
the
lega
l
s
hif
t
C
ha
ll
e
nge
a
r
e
a
V
a
lu
e
-
pr
in
c
ip
le
D
e
s
c
r
ip
ti
on
K
e
y
is
s
ue
s
L
e
ga
l
s
hi
f
t
P
r
iv
a
c
y a
nd
da
ta
pr
ot
e
c
ti
on
T
he
ge
ne
r
a
l
r
ig
ht
s
of
pe
r
s
onhood, in
it
s
i
ma
ge
, honor
,
a
nd pr
iv
a
c
y
A
I
’
s
r
e
li
a
nc
e
on e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
pe
r
s
ona
l
da
ta
r
a
is
e
s
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
pr
iv
a
c
y c
onc
e
r
ns
a
nd ma
y unde
r
mi
ne
in
di
vi
dua
l
da
ta
s
ove
r
e
ig
nt
y.
E
xi
s
ti
ng da
ta
pr
ot
e
c
ti
on
la
w
s
(
e
.g., G
D
P
R
)
l
a
c
k
s
pe
c
if
ic
it
y f
or
A
I
,
c
r
e
a
ti
ng l
e
ga
l
a
mbi
gui
ti
e
s
[
20]
, [
21]
.
C
a
ll
s
f
or
A
I
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
da
ta
pr
iv
a
c
y r
e
gul
a
ti
ons
t
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
uni
que
A
I
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g me
th
ods
[
22]
,
[
23]
.
S
ma
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
T
he
pr
in
c
ip
le
of
c
ont
r
a
c
tu
a
l
a
ut
onomy
S
e
lf
-
e
xe
c
ut
in
g A
I
-
pow
e
r
e
d
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
a
ut
oma
te
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on e
nf
or
c
e
me
nt
[
24]
,
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
g c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
i
n
e
nf
or
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
a
n
d a
dhe
r
e
nc
e
to
t
r
a
di
ti
ona
l
le
ga
l
s
ta
nda
r
ds
.
Q
ue
s
ti
ons
a
r
is
e
ov
e
r
in
te
nt
, f
a
ir
ne
s
s
, a
nd
a
da
pt
a
bi
li
ty
w
it
hi
n
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
c
ont
r
a
c
t
la
w
.
N
e
c
e
s
s
it
a
te
s
n
e
w
s
ta
nda
r
ds
f
or
va
li
da
ti
ng
a
nd e
nf
or
c
in
g A
I
-
pow
e
r
e
d
le
ga
l
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
[
25]
.
I
nt
e
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
p
r
ope
r
ty
G
e
ne
r
a
l
pr
in
c
ip
le
s
of
i
nt
e
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
pr
ope
r
ty
(
I
P
)
l
aw
A
ut
onomous
A
I
c
r
e
a
ti
on
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
t
r
a
di
ti
ona
l
I
P
f
r
a
me
w
or
ks
by blur
r
in
g l
in
e
s
of
a
ut
hor
s
hi
p, or
ig
in
a
li
ty
, a
nd
ow
ne
r
s
hi
p r
ig
ht
s
[
26]
.
I
P
l
a
w
s
a
tt
r
ib
ut
e
r
ig
ht
s
t
o
na
tu
r
a
l
pe
r
s
ons
, c
r
e
a
ti
ng
ow
ne
r
s
hi
p i
s
s
ue
s
f
or
A
I
-
ge
ne
r
a
te
d output
s
.
D
r
iv
e
s
r
e
de
f
in
it
io
n of
I
P
la
w
s
t
o a
ddr
e
s
s
A
I
’
s
r
ol
e
in
c
r
e
a
ti
on a
nd a
ut
hor
s
hi
p
[
27]
.
L
ia
bi
li
ty
a
nd
a
c
c
ount
a
bi
li
ty
P
r
in
c
ip
le
s
of
t
or
t
li
a
bi
li
ty
A
ut
onomous
de
c
is
io
ns
by
A
I
, pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
i
n f
ie
ld
s
l
ik
e
a
ut
onomous
ve
hi
c
le
s
,
c
ompl
ic
a
te
t
he
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on of
r
e
s
pons
ib
il
it
y f
or
ha
r
m
[
28]
,
[
29]
.
T
r
a
di
ti
ona
l
to
r
t
la
w
s
in
a
de
qua
te
ly
a
ddr
e
s
s
a
c
c
ount
a
bi
li
ty
i
n c
a
s
e
s
of
AI
-
c
a
us
e
d ha
r
m.
P
us
he
s
f
or
A
I
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
li
a
bi
li
ty
f
r
a
me
w
or
ks
t
o
c
la
r
if
y a
c
c
ount
a
bi
li
ty
[
30]
.
A
I
i
n l
e
ga
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
T
he
pr
in
c
ip
le
of
th
e
“
a
bus
e
of
r
ig
ht
s
”
A
I
’
s
r
ol
e
i
n l
e
ga
l
a
na
ly
s
is
a
nd pote
nt
ia
ll
y j
udi
c
ia
l
de
c
is
io
n
-
ma
ki
ng r
a
is
e
s
c
onc
e
r
ns
a
bout
i
mpa
r
ti
a
li
ty
,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y, a
nd pr
oc
e
dur
a
l
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
[
31]
.
A
lg
or
it
hmi
c
opa
c
it
y a
nd
da
ta
bi
a
s
ma
y
c
ompr
omi
s
e
c
or
e
l
e
ga
l
r
ig
ht
s
, s
uc
h a
s
a
f
a
ir
t
r
ia
l.
A
dvoc
a
te
s
f
or
r
e
gul
a
to
r
y
ove
r
s
ig
ht
on AI
us
e
i
n
ju
di
c
ia
l
a
nd l
e
ga
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
t
o pr
e
s
e
r
ve
f
a
ir
ne
s
s
[
32]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2025
:
2471
-
2478
2474
T
he
s
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
il
lus
tr
a
te
how
AI
’
s
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
dis
r
upts
e
s
tablis
he
d
lega
l
nor
ms
a
nd
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
.
T
he
y
pus
h
lega
l
s
ys
tems
towa
r
d
a
f
ounda
ti
ona
l
s
hif
t
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
ted
by
AI
’
s
a
utonom
ous
a
nd
tr
a
ns
f
o
r
mative
im
pa
c
t.
T
his
lega
l
s
hif
t
highl
ight
s
the
u
r
ge
nt
ne
e
d
f
or
a
r
e
gulator
y
e
volut
ion
that
c
a
n
a
c
c
omm
oda
te
the
unique,
e
volvi
ng
na
tu
r
e
of
AI
while
s
a
f
e
gua
r
ding
f
und
a
menta
l
r
ight
s
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
va
lues
.
3.
2.
AI
’
s
legal
d
is
r
u
p
t
ion
:
t
h
e
q
u
as
i
-
c
ou
p
T
his
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
ir
s
t
e
xa
mi
ne
s
whe
ther
the
lega
l
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
pos
e
d
by
AI
c
a
n
be
a
ppr
oa
c
he
d
s
im
il
a
r
ly
to
his
tor
ica
l
"
c
oups
"
or
other
s
igni
f
ica
nt
s
oc
ieta
l
s
hif
ts
that
ha
ve
ne
c
e
s
s
it
a
ted
pr
of
ound
lega
l
a
djus
t
ments
.
I
n
thi
s
c
ontext,
AI
is
c
onc
e
ptualize
d
a
s
e
na
c
ti
ng
a
“
legal
c
oup
d’
é
tat
,
”
s
ymbol
izing
a
dis
r
upti
ve
f
or
c
e
that
pa
r
a
ll
e
ls
pa
s
t
e
ve
nts
,
whic
h
ha
ve
tr
igger
e
d
f
ounda
ti
ona
l
c
ha
nge
s
in
s
oc
ial
a
nd
lega
l
or
de
r
s
.
T
he
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
th
is
a
na
logy
to
AI
e
mphas
ize
s
the
ur
ge
nc
y
of
e
s
ta
bli
s
hing
a
r
e
s
pons
ive
a
nd
a
da
pti
ve
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k,
a
s
the
r
a
pid
a
nd
of
ten
unpr
e
dicta
ble
gr
owth
of
A
I
s
tr
a
i
ns
f
unda
menta
l
lega
l
pr
inciples
,
including
a
c
c
ountabili
ty,
human
r
ight
s
,
a
nd
pr
ivac
y.
V
i
e
w
in
g
A
I
’
s
in
t
e
gr
a
t
i
on
a
s
a
f
o
r
m
o
f
qu
a
s
i
-
c
o
up
u
nd
e
r
s
c
o
r
e
s
the
pr
e
s
s
i
ng
n
e
e
d
f
or
p
r
oa
c
t
ive
le
ga
l
r
e
f
o
r
m
t
o
p
r
e
ve
nt
s
oc
ia
l
a
nd
le
ga
l
s
ys
te
ms
f
r
om
be
in
g
d
e
s
t
a
b
il
iz
e
d
by
A
I
’
s
pe
r
v
a
s
i
ve
im
p
a
c
t
.
His
to
r
ica
l
ly
,
the
s
c
ie
nti
f
ic
c
omm
uni
ty
o
f
ten
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
t
r
a
ns
f
or
mati
ve
pa
s
t
e
ve
nts
to
s
t
udy
ho
w
s
oc
ieties
ha
ve
a
d
jus
ted
to
ma
jo
r
c
ha
n
ge
s
in
s
oc
ia
l,
p
oli
ti
c
a
l,
a
nd
e
c
o
nom
ic
s
t
r
uc
tu
r
e
s
.
S
u
c
h
e
ve
n
ts
—
c
oups
,
r
e
vo
lut
i
ons
,
a
nd
o
the
r
r
a
dica
l
s
hi
f
ts
—
a
r
e
no
t
on
l
y
s
oc
iol
ogica
l
p
he
nomen
a
but
a
ls
o
c
a
r
r
y
s
ign
if
ic
a
nt
lega
l
im
pl
ica
t
ions
[
33
]
,
[
34
]
.
C
ou
ps
,
whe
t
he
r
mi
li
ta
r
y
or
po
li
t
ica
l
,
s
i
gna
l
a
b
r
upt
t
r
a
ns
i
ti
ons
in
gove
r
n
a
nc
e
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
no
r
ms
,
o
f
te
n
le
a
din
g
t
o
s
ubs
tant
ial
r
e
-
e
va
luat
ions
of
law
[
35]
–
[
37]
.
T
h
e
c
o
nc
e
pt
o
f
a
“
c
oup”
ther
e
f
o
r
e
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
us
e
f
ul
f
r
a
mew
o
r
k
f
or
unde
r
s
tand
ing
A
I
’
s
le
ga
l
d
is
r
up
ti
o
n.
Unl
ike
m
il
i
tar
y
c
oups
,
w
hich
a
r
e
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
i
z
e
d
b
y
the
o
ve
r
t
us
e
o
f
f
or
c
e
,
AI
’
s
im
pa
c
t
on
lega
l
s
ys
te
ms
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
a
s
ubt
ler
bu
t
e
q
ua
ll
y
pr
o
f
oun
d
s
hif
t
.
I
t
s
r
a
pi
d
i
n
f
i
l
tr
a
t
io
n
i
n
to
v
a
r
i
ous
s
e
c
t
o
r
s
c
ha
l
len
ge
s
t
r
a
di
ti
on
a
l
le
ga
l
bo
un
da
r
ies
,
p
us
h
i
ng
s
oc
i
e
t
y
t
ow
a
r
d
a
n
i
m
pl
ic
it
le
ga
l
e
v
ol
u
ti
on
o
r
qua
s
i
-
c
ou
p
.
T
he
dis
t
inc
t
io
n
b
e
t
we
e
n
t
his
qu
a
s
i
-
c
ou
p
a
nd
t
r
a
d
it
io
na
l
c
ou
ps
l
ie
s
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
f
a
c
t
or
s
:
the
i
nt
e
n
ti
on
be
hi
nd
th
e
c
h
a
n
ge
,
the
me
c
ha
ni
s
m
o
f
t
he
tr
a
ns
i
ti
on
,
a
nd
t
he
u
l
ti
ma
te
im
pa
c
t
on
s
oc
i
e
ty
.
F
r
om
a
lega
l
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
,
c
oups
c
a
n
s
ometim
e
s
be
view
e
d
a
s
me
c
ha
nis
ms
f
or
lega
l
e
volut
ion,
int
r
oduc
ing
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
r
e
f
or
ms
or
modi
f
ica
ti
ons
to
a
c
c
omm
oda
te
ne
w
r
e
a
li
ti
e
s
[
38]
,
[
39]
.
I
n
thi
s
qu
a
s
i
-
c
ou
p
f
r
a
mew
or
k,
AI
-
induce
d
c
ha
nge
s
a
r
e
a
kin
to
a
n
int
e
r
na
l
r
e
f
o
r
mation
r
a
ther
than
a
c
ompl
e
te
ove
r
thr
ow
of
lega
l
pr
inciples
.
AI
’
s
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd
de
ploym
e
nt
ha
v
e
c
r
e
a
ted
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
a
s
AI
e
nti
ti
e
s
incr
e
a
s
ingl
y
pe
r
f
or
m
tas
ks
that
tr
a
dit
ionally
f
e
ll
u
nde
r
human
jur
is
diction.
T
his
s
hif
t
r
a
is
e
s
que
s
ti
ons
a
bout
a
c
c
ountabili
ty,
pr
ivac
y,
a
nd
li
a
bil
it
y,
whe
r
e
e
xis
ti
ng
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
do
no
t
f
ull
y
c
ove
r
the
a
uton
omy
a
nd
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
of
AI
.
L
e
ga
l
theor
is
ts
a
r
gue
that
whe
n
s
oc
ieta
l
c
ondit
ion
s
s
hif
t
dr
a
matica
ll
y,
lega
l
s
ys
tems
mus
t
e
volve
to
maintain
r
e
leva
nc
e
a
nd
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
[
40]
–
[
42]
.
T
he
qua
s
i
-
c
oup
a
c
ti
on
int
r
oduc
e
d
by
AI
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
jus
t
s
uc
h
a
s
hif
t,
whe
r
e
by
law
s
mus
t
r
e
f
or
m
to
a
c
c
omm
oda
te
AI
’
s
unique
a
tt
r
ibut
e
s
.
F
or
ins
tanc
e
,
the
pr
in
c
ipl
e
s
of
c
onti
nuit
y
a
nd
unit
y
of
the
s
tate
may
r
e
main
int
a
c
t,
but
s
pe
c
if
ic
a
s
pe
c
ts
of
the
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k,
e
s
pe
c
ially
c
onc
e
r
ning
AI
’
s
int
e
r
a
c
ti
ons
with
humans
a
nd
d
a
ta,
r
e
quir
e
s
igni
f
ica
nt
r
e
vis
ion
to
e
ns
ur
e
c
ohe
r
e
nc
e
a
nd
a
ppli
c
a
bil
it
y.
T
his
c
onc
e
pt
is
a
li
gne
d
with
the
pr
in
c
ipl
e
of
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
law
,
whic
h
h
olds
that
lega
l
s
ys
tems
a
da
pt
whe
n
f
a
c
e
d
with
ne
w
f
a
c
ts
,
e
ve
n
i
f
s
uc
h
a
da
ptations
invo
lve
r
e
de
f
ini
ng
lega
li
ty
in
unc
onve
nti
ona
l
wa
ys
[
43]
,
[
44]
.
F
or
e
xa
mpl
e
,
i
n
r
e
s
pons
e
to
the
inc
r
e
a
s
ing
de
ploym
e
nt
o
f
a
ut
onomous
ve
hicle
s
,
lega
l
s
ys
tems
f
a
c
e
ne
w
laye
r
s
of
c
o
mpl
e
xit
y,
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
c
onc
e
r
ning
li
a
bil
i
ty
in
th
e
c
a
s
e
of
a
c
c
idents
.
W
he
n
ha
r
m
r
e
s
ult
s
f
r
om
a
n
AI
-
dr
iven
d
e
c
is
ion,
que
s
ti
ons
a
r
is
e
a
s
to
whe
ther
li
a
bil
it
y
r
e
s
ts
with
the
manuf
a
c
tur
e
r
,
pr
ogr
a
mm
e
r
,
o
r
us
e
r
—
a
c
ha
ll
e
nge
c
ompounded
by
the
mul
ti
pli
c
it
y
of
f
a
c
tor
s
(
e
.
g.
,
a
lg
or
it
hms
,
da
ta
input
s
,
a
nd
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
models
)
in
f
luenc
ing
A
I
be
ha
vior
.
T
his
qua
s
i
-
c
oup
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
on
A
I
thus
e
mp
ha
s
ize
s
the
ne
e
d
f
or
we
ll
-
de
s
igned
r
e
gulator
y
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
that
c
a
n
ba
lanc
e
AI
’
s
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
a
dva
nc
e
ments
with
the
pr
e
s
e
r
va
t
ion
of
lega
l
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
s
tanda
r
ds
.
I
n
th
e
c
a
s
e
of
a
u
to
no
mo
us
ve
h
icl
e
s
o
r
o
th
e
r
h
ig
h
-
s
ta
ke
s
A
I
a
pp
l
ica
ti
ons
,
th
e
d
if
f
ic
ul
ty
li
e
s
i
n
c
r
a
f
ti
ng
r
e
gu
la
ti
ons
th
a
t
no
t
o
nl
y
a
dd
r
e
s
s
l
iab
i
li
ty
bu
t
a
ls
o
ma
in
ta
i
n
pu
b
li
c
t
r
us
t
a
nd
a
c
c
ou
nt
a
b
il
i
ty
.
T
he
c
om
p
lex
i
n
te
r
p
la
y
o
f
s
oc
io
-
leg
a
l
f
a
c
to
r
s
in
AI
i
nte
g
r
a
ti
on
c
a
ll
s
f
o
r
a
dy
na
mi
c
,
r
e
s
il
ie
nt
le
ga
l
f
r
a
me
wo
r
k
t
ha
t
c
a
n
a
da
pt
to
t
he
r
e
a
l
i
ti
e
s
o
f
A
I
’
s
qua
s
i
-
c
ou
p
a
c
t
io
n
,
m
a
i
nt
a
i
ni
ng
s
o
c
i
a
l
c
o
he
s
io
n
a
n
d
p
ub
l
ic
c
on
f
id
e
nc
e
i
n
t
he
r
ule
o
f
la
w
.
3.
3.
Cat
e
gor
ical
i
n
s
igh
t
s
:
c
on
t
r
oll
in
g
t
h
e
ai
lega
l
c
ou
p
d
’
é
t
at
I
n
r
e
s
pons
e
to
the
ne
e
d
f
or
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
ye
t
f
lex
ibl
e
f
r
a
mew
or
k,
the
s
e
c
ond
pa
r
t
of
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
int
r
oduc
e
s
CT
a
s
a
theor
e
ti
c
a
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h
f
or
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
AI
withi
n
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
CT
[
45]
,
[
46]
,
with
it
s
s
tr
uc
tur
e
-
pr
e
s
e
r
ving
mappings
a
nd
c
a
pa
c
it
y
to
br
idge
r
e
lational
domains
,
is
pr
opos
e
d
a
s
a
m
e
a
ns
of
ha
r
moni
z
ing
AI
’
s
a
da
pti
ve
c
a
pa
bil
it
ies
with
the
s
tatic
na
tur
e
of
tr
a
dit
ional
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
T
h
r
o
ugh
the
c
onc
e
pt
of
f
unc
tor
s
,
thi
s
mathe
matica
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
e
na
bles
the
mapping
of
A
I
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
onto
c
or
e
lega
l
pr
inciples
,
ther
e
by
pr
ov
idi
ng
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
,
a
da
pta
ble
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
A
I
r
e
gulation.
T
h
is
mo
de
l
is
int
e
nde
d
to
s
uppor
t
the
e
volut
ion
of
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
ks
to
a
c
c
o
mm
oda
te
AI
,
e
ns
ur
ing
that
c
o
r
e
p
r
inciples
li
ke
p
r
i
va
c
y
a
nd
a
c
c
ountabili
ty
r
e
main
int
a
c
t,
e
ve
n
a
s
AI
’
s
r
ole
in
s
oc
iety
e
xpa
nds
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
A
ddr
e
s
s
ing
the
c
hall
e
nge
s
of
har
moniz
ing
law
and
ar
ti
fi
c
ial
inelli
ge
nc
e
tec
hnology
…
(
L
ampr
ini
Se
r
e
me
ti
)
2475
T
o
e
na
ble
a
s
moot
h
a
nd
law
f
ul
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
o
f
A
I
int
o
s
oc
iety,
c
a
tegor
ica
l
thi
nking,
the
dis
c
ipl
ined
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
CT
,
is
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l.
F
or
c
a
tegor
iza
ti
on
t
o
be
be
ne
f
icia
l
a
nd
a
li
gn
with
s
oc
ieta
l
va
lues
,
two
pr
im
a
r
y
c
ondit
ions
mus
t
be
met:
va
li
dit
y
a
nd
uti
li
ty
.
Va
li
dit
y
e
ns
ur
e
s
that
a
c
a
tegor
y
is
logi
c
a
ll
y
s
ound
a
nd
le
ga
ll
y
a
c
c
e
ptable
,
while
uti
l
it
y
e
ns
ur
e
s
that
i
t
s
e
r
ve
s
a
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l,
be
ne
f
icia
l
pur
pos
e
a
c
r
os
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
c
ontexts
.
CT
pr
ovides
a
r
obus
t
f
r
a
mew
or
k
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
a
nd
mana
ge
thes
e
r
e
quir
e
m
e
nts
,
a
s
it
of
f
e
r
s
tool
s
to
e
va
luate
the
qua
li
tative
s
im
il
a
r
it
ies
be
twe
e
n
s
e
pa
r
a
te
c
a
tegor
ie
s
a
nd
int
e
r
pr
e
t
one
c
a
tegor
y’
s
s
tr
uc
tur
e
in
the
c
o
ntext
of
a
nother
[
47
]
,
[
48
]
.
T
his
f
l
e
xibi
l
it
y
make
s
CT
e
s
p
e
c
ially
r
e
leva
nt
f
or
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
AI
int
o
a
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
that
is
r
e
s
is
tant
to
r
a
pid
s
hif
ts
.
I
n
c
a
tegor
ica
l
te
r
ms
,
a
“
c
a
tegor
y”
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nts
a
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
of
e
leme
nts
with
s
ha
r
e
d
p
r
ope
r
ti
e
s
,
while
a
“
f
unc
tor
”
,
a
s
tr
uc
tur
e
-
pr
e
s
e
r
ving
map
,
r
e
late
s
two
c
a
tegor
ies
by
maintaining
their
int
e
r
na
l
r
e
la
ti
ons
hips
.
a
pplyi
ng
thi
s
to
A
I
a
nd
law
s
yne
r
gy,
we
c
a
n
c
onc
e
ive
of
two
dis
ti
nc
t
c
a
tegor
ies
:
one
f
o
r
law
(
de
not
e
d
a
s
C
)
,
c
ons
is
ti
ng
of
r
ules
(
objec
ts
)
a
nd
thei
r
r
e
lations
hips
(
a
r
r
ows
)
,
a
nd
one
f
or
A
I
(
de
noted
a
s
D)
,
c
ons
is
ti
ng
of
AI
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
(
objec
ts
)
a
nd
the
c
onne
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
them
(
a
r
r
ows
)
.
T
he
f
unc
tor
F
then
a
c
ts
a
s
a
br
idge
be
twe
e
n
thes
e
two
c
a
tegor
ies
,
pr
e
s
e
r
ving
the
s
tr
uc
tur
e
of
th
e
lega
l
pr
inciples
in
c
a
tegor
y
C
a
nd
mapping
it
int
o
the
AI
ca
tegor
y
D.
T
his
s
tr
uc
tur
e
-
pr
e
s
e
r
ving
f
unc
ti
on
a
l
lows
lega
l
pr
inciples
to
guide
a
nd
f
r
a
me
AI
’
s
o
pe
r
a
ti
ons
withi
n
lega
ll
y
de
f
ined
bounda
r
ies
,
s
uppor
ti
ng
a
c
o
he
s
ive
a
nd
law
f
ul
AI
int
e
gr
a
ti
on.
F
r
om
thi
s
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
,
CT
pr
ov
ides
a
f
r
a
mew
or
k
t
o
s
a
f
e
gua
r
d
f
unda
men
tal
human
r
ight
s
a
nd
e
ns
ur
e
lega
l
c
onti
nuit
y
a
mi
ds
t
AI
’
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
mative
im
pa
c
t
on
s
oc
iety.
T
he
f
unc
to
r
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
tool
that
e
mbeds
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
lega
l
pr
inciples
withi
n
AI
s
ys
tems
,
a
ll
ow
ing
the
law
to
“
int
e
r
p
r
e
t”
[
49]
AI
’
s
be
ha
vior
s
in
a
l
ignm
e
nt
with
e
s
tablis
he
d
s
oc
ieta
l
nor
ms
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
e
xpe
c
tations
.
F
or
e
xa
mpl
e
,
the
r
ight
f
unc
tor
in
thi
s
c
a
s
e
c
ould
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
c
or
e
lega
l
pr
inciples
s
uc
h
a
s
a
c
c
ountabi
li
ty
a
nd
pr
ivac
y,
e
ns
ur
ing
that
thes
e
va
lues
a
r
e
uphe
ld
in
e
ve
r
y
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
o
f
AI
.
I
n
thi
s
wa
y,
CT
not
only
f
il
ls
potential
lega
l
ga
ps
but
a
ls
o
a
c
ts
a
s
a
n
int
e
gr
a
ti
ve
tool
that
e
ns
ur
e
s
AI
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
s
uppor
ts
s
oc
ieta
l
goa
l
s
r
a
ther
than
unde
r
mi
ning
them
.
Ulti
mate
ly,
th
is
c
a
tegor
y
-
theor
e
ti
c
f
r
a
mew
or
k
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
s
c
a
lable
,
a
da
ptable
model
f
o
r
int
e
gr
a
ti
ng
AI
int
o
the
lega
l
domain
,
e
quippi
ng
lega
l
s
ys
tems
to
maintain
c
ohe
r
e
nc
e
in
the
f
a
c
e
o
f
AI
’
s
r
a
pid
e
volut
ion.
I
t
a
ll
ows
f
o
r
lega
l
p
r
inciples
to
be
c
onti
nuous
ly
m
a
ppe
d
onto
ne
w
AI
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
,
e
ns
ur
ing
that
th
e
r
ule
of
law
r
e
mains
a
guidi
ng
f
or
c
e
a
s
AI
be
c
omes
inc
r
e
a
s
ingl
y
e
mbedde
d
in
the
s
oc
ial
s
c
e
ne
r
y.
T
hr
o
ugh
thi
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
s
oc
iety
c
a
n
c
ontr
ol
the
e
f
f
e
c
ts
of
the
AI
“
legal
c
oup
d’
é
tat
,
”
f
os
ter
ing
e
thi
c
a
l
int
e
g
r
a
ti
on
of
AI
in
to
human
-
c
e
nter
e
d
s
y
s
tems
.
Our
f
utur
e
wor
k
will
be
ba
s
e
d
on
f
unc
tor
ial
s
e
mantics
,
ins
pir
e
d
by
L
a
wve
r
e
[
50]
,
to
int
e
r
pr
e
t
the
outcome
s
of
the
AI
e
volut
ion
int
o
the
we
ll
-
gr
ounde
d
a
nthr
opoc
e
ntr
ic
lega
l
s
ys
tem.
4.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
s
tudy
is
s
e
mantica
ll
y
a
igned
with
the
ongoin
g
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
s
us
taina
ble
c
oe
volut
ion
of
law
a
nd
tec
hnology.
T
he
im
por
tanc
e
of
the
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
is
mainly
doc
umente
d
in
a
r
ti
c
les
of
the
E
ur
ope
a
n
P
a
r
li
a
ment
(
S
pe
c
ial
C
omm
it
tee
on
Ar
t
if
icia
l
I
ntelli
ge
nc
e
in
th
e
Digit
a
l
Age
–
AI
DA
)
,
in
whic
h
,
the
ne
c
e
s
s
it
y
of
f
indi
ng
a
lega
l
f
r
a
mew
or
k
f
or
A
I
s
ys
tems
is
identif
ied.
De
s
pit
e
the
mea
s
ur
a
ble
pr
ogr
e
s
s
in
the
f
ield
o
f
AI
e
th
ics
,
ther
e
is
no
c
ons
e
ns
u
s
on
a
global
tr
us
twor
thy
AI
r
e
gul
a
ti
on.
W
e
c
onjec
tur
e
that
s
igni
f
ica
nt
im
pr
ove
men
t
c
a
n
be
obtaine
d
only
by
matc
hing
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
s
ingul
a
r
it
y
to
a
r
obus
t
lega
l
s
ys
tem.
I
n
thi
s
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
ive,
the
c
onve
r
ge
nc
e
of
the
two
dis
t
inct
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
s
,
na
mel
y
AI
a
nd
l
a
w
,
is
inves
ti
ga
ted.
I
t
is
e
vident
that
c
h
a
nge
s
in
the
AI
s
tr
uc
tur
e
,
due
to
the
r
a
pid
tec
hnology
a
dva
n
c
e
s
,
tr
igger
s
unf
or
e
s
e
e
n
c
ons
e
que
nc
e
s
to
the
l
a
w
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
,
a
s
l
a
w
is
a
f
i
r
m
human
-
c
e
nter
e
d
s
ys
tem.
F
oll
owi
ng
the
AI
s
ys
tems
e
volut
ion
ne
w
r
ules
o
f
l
a
w
ha
ve
to
be
c
r
e
a
ted
in
the
l
a
w
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
.
T
his
uns
toppab
le
pr
oc
e
s
s
may
c
a
us
e
mor
a
l
c
onf
li
c
t
a
nd
a
mbi
guit
y.
C
ons
e
que
ntl
y,
ther
e
is
a
ne
e
d
f
or
a
lega
l
int
e
r
pr
e
t
a
ti
on
f
r
a
me
wor
k
a
ble
to
s
moot
hly
e
mbed
the
AI
s
tr
uc
tur
e
int
o
the
l
a
w
one
.
T
ha
t
is
,
it
mus
t,
on
the
one
ha
nd,
a
ll
ow
the
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
AI
f
or
s
oc
ial,
e
c
on
omi
c
or
indi
vidual
be
ne
f
it
,
a
nd
on
the
other
to
a
nti
c
ipat
e
a
nd
mana
ge
with
a
‘
s
e
ns
e
of
jus
ti
c
e
’
,
the
da
n
ge
r
s
that
thr
e
a
ten
f
unda
menta
l
r
igh
ts
a
nd
de
mocr
a
c
y.
T
his
s
tudy
c
ontr
ibu
tes
a
theor
e
ti
c
a
l
model
that
s
uppor
ts
ongoing
a
da
ptation,
e
na
bli
ng
lega
l
s
ys
tems
to
ha
r
ne
s
s
AI
’
s
potential
while
s
a
f
e
gua
r
ding
f
unda
menta
l
human
r
ight
s
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
va
lues
.
T
he
c
onc
e
pt
o
f
a
qua
s
i
-
c
oup
r
e
in
f
or
c
e
s
the
im
por
tanc
e
of
p
r
oa
c
ti
ve
r
e
f
or
m
,
u
r
ging
poli
c
ymake
r
s
a
nd
lega
l
theor
is
ts
to
r
e
c
ognize
a
nd
a
ddr
e
s
s
AI
’
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
mative
in
f
luenc
e
be
f
o
r
e
e
xis
ti
ng
lega
l
s
tr
uc
tur
e
s
be
c
ome
obs
olete
.
F
utur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
s
houl
d
e
xplor
e
the
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
o
f
thi
s
c
a
tegor
y
-
theor
e
ti
c
f
r
a
mew
or
k
to
s
pe
c
if
ic
AI
-
dr
iven
s
c
e
na
r
ios
,
f
ur
ther
r
e
f
ini
ng
the
model
a
nd
e
ns
ur
ing
a
ba
lanc
e
d
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
AI
withi
n
hu
man
-
c
e
nter
e
d
lega
l
s
ys
tems
.
F
UN
DI
NG
I
NF
ORM
AT
I
ON
Author
s
s
tate
no
f
unding
invol
ve
d.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2025
:
2471
-
2478
2476
AU
T
HO
R
CONT
RI
B
U
T
I
ONS
S
T
AT
E
M
E
N
T
T
his
jour
na
l
us
e
s
the
C
ontr
ibut
o
r
R
oles
T
a
xo
nomy
(
C
R
e
diT
)
to
r
e
c
ognize
indi
vidual
a
uthor
c
ontr
ibut
ions
,
r
e
duc
e
a
utho
r
s
hip
dis
putes
,
a
nd
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on.
Nam
e
of
Au
t
h
or
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
L
a
mpr
ini
S
e
r
e
meti
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
S
of
ia
Ana
s
tas
iadou
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Andr
e
a
s
M
a
s
our
a
s
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
S
tyl
ianos
P
a
pa
lexa
ndr
is
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
onc
e
pt
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
M
:
M
e
th
odol
ogy
So
:
So
f
twa
r
e
Va
:
Va
li
da
ti
on
Fo
:
Fo
r
ma
l
a
na
ly
s
is
I
:
I
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
on
R
:
R
e
s
our
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
ta
C
ur
a
ti
on
O
:
W
r
it
in
g
-
O
r
ig
in
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
it
in
g
-
R
e
vi
e
w
&
E
di
ti
ng
Vi
:
Vi
s
ua
li
z
a
ti
on
Su
:
Su
pe
r
vi
s
io
n
P
:
P
r
oj
e
c
t
a
dmi
ni
s
tr
a
ti
on
Fu
:
Fu
ndi
ng a
c
qui
s
it
io
n
CONF
L
I
CT
OF
I
NT
E
RE
S
T
S
T
AT
E
M
E
N
T
Author
s
s
tate
no
c
onf
li
c
t
of
int
e
r
e
s
t.
DA
T
A
AV
AI
L
A
B
I
L
I
T
Y
D
a
t
a
a
v
a
i
la
bi
l
it
y
is
no
t
a
pp
li
c
a
bl
e
t
o
t
his
pa
pe
r
a
s
no
n
e
w
da
ta
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
o
r
a
na
l
yz
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
ud
y
.
RE
F
E
RE
NC
E
S
[
1]
S
.
S
our
a
vl
a
s
a
nd
S
.
D
.
A
n
a
s
ta
s
ia
dou,
“
O
n
im
pl
e
me
nt
in
g
s
oc
ia
l
c
omm
uni
ty
c
lo
uds
ba
s
e
d
on
m
a
r
kov
mode
ls
,”
I
E
E
E
T
r
ans
ac
ti
ons
on C
om
put
at
io
nal
Soc
ia
l
Sy
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vl
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D
.
A
na
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s
ia
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N
.
T
a
nt
a
la
ki
,
a
nd
S
.
K
a
t
s
a
v
ouni
s
,
“
A
f
a
ir
,
dyna
mi
c
lo
a
d
b
a
la
nc
e
d
t
a
s
k
di
s
tr
ib
ut
io
n
s
tr
a
te
g
y
f
or
he
te
r
oge
ne
ous
c
lo
ud
pl
a
tf
or
ms
ba
s
e
d
on
M
a
r
kov
pr
oc
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s
s
mode
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ng,”
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ot
is
,
“
A
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e
vi
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w
on
bi
g
da
ta
r
e
a
l
-
ti
me
s
tr
e
a
m
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
nd
it
s
s
c
he
du
li
ng
te
c
hni
que
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
P
ar
al
le
l,
E
m
e
r
ge
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ut
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our
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.
R
oum
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li
ot
is
,
“
D
a
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n
de
c
is
io
n
ma
ki
ng
in
pr
e
c
is
io
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
:
th
e
r
is
e
of
bi
g
da
ta
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
ys
te
ms
,”
J
our
nal
of
A
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
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F
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nf
or
m
at
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nc
e
a
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le
ga
l
c
ha
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,”
R
e
v
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ta
O
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Z
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X
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r
ti
f
ic
i
a
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
nd
mor
a
l
di
le
mm
a
s
:
pe
r
c
e
pt
io
n
of
e
th
ic
a
l
de
c
i
s
io
n
-
ma
ki
ng
in
A
I
,”
J
ou
r
nal
of
E
x
pe
r
ime
nt
al
Soc
ia
l
P
s
y
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E
le
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tr
oni
c
pe
r
s
onhood
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or
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
in
t
he
w
or
kp
la
c
e
,”
C
om
put
e
r
L
aw
and
Se
c
u
r
it
y
R
e
v
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I
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nt
it
ie
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s
:
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
th
e
A
I
r
e
s
ponde
a
t
s
upe
r
io
r
a
na
lo
gy,”
M
it
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he
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r
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a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
nd
th
e
unbor
n.
K
ur
ki
,
V
.
A
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J
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P
ie
t
r
z
ykows
ki
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T
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(
e
ds
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,”
M
as
ar
y
k
U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
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J
our
nal
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R
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T
e
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e
vol
ut
io
n,
de
moc
r
a
ti
c
r
e
c
e
s
s
i
on,
a
nd
c
li
ma
te
c
ha
nge
:
th
e
li
mi
ts
of
la
w
in
a
c
ha
ngi
ng
w
or
ld
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
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our
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C
ons
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F
ut
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s
s
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c
e
d c
om
put
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r
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T
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te
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e
m
e
r
ge
nc
e
,
c
onc
e
pt
ua
li
z
a
ti
on,
a
nd
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
in
in
te
r
na
ti
ona
l
pol
it
ic
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,
”
St
os
u
nk
i
M
ię
dz
y
nar
odow
e
–
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nt
e
r
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nal
R
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ic
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te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
nd
s
o
c
ia
l
r
e
s
pons
ib
il
it
y:
th
e
c
a
s
e
of
th
e
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
in
th
e
U
ni
te
d S
ta
te
s
, R
us
s
ia
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C
hi
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ic
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ic
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ar
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a
r
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le
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ni
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T
ow
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r
ds
a
s
oc
io
lo
gi
c
a
l
c
onc
e
pt
io
n
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,”
in
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
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ti
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c
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l
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I
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ic
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l
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te
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ig
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nc
e
in
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o
c
ie
ty
:
lo
oki
ng
be
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th
e
E
U
A
I
ma
s
te
r
pl
a
n
us
in
g
th
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c
ul
tu
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e
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a
s
p
e
c
ts
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
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ll
ig
e
nc
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ue
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I
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ga
ps
,
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
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,
a
nd
vul
ne
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a
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li
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e
s
,
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our
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ic
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ll
ig
e
nc
e
f
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g
da
ta
,
”
E
ur
ope
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P
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
A
ddr
e
s
s
ing
the
c
hall
e
nge
s
of
har
moniz
ing
law
and
ar
ti
fi
c
ial
inelli
ge
nc
e
tec
hnology
…
(
L
ampr
ini
Se
r
e
me
ti
)
2477
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T
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T
h
e
r
ol
e
of
da
ta
r
e
gul
a
ti
on
in
s
ha
pi
ng
A
I
:
a
n
ove
r
vi
e
w
of
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
a
nd
r
e
c
omm
e
nda
ti
ons
f
or
S
M
E
S
,”
T
he
E
le
m
e
nt
s
of
B
ig
D
at
a
V
al
ue
:
F
oundati
ons
of
th
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h and I
nnov
at
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ig
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to
r
e
a
s
ona
bl
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in
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
:
r
e
-
th
in
ki
ng
da
ta
pr
ot
e
c
ti
on
la
w
in
th
e
a
ge
of
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g
d
a
ta
a
nd
A
I
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ne
r
a
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in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
vi
a
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
le
dge
r
te
c
hnol
ogy,”
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ig
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at
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N
or
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,
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r
a
he
i
m,
“
T
ow
a
r
ds
us
e
r
-
c
e
nt
e
r
e
d
a
nd
le
ga
ll
y
r
e
le
v
a
nt
s
ma
r
t
-
c
ont
r
a
c
t
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
:
a
s
ys
te
ma
ti
c
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
vi
e
w
,”
J
our
nal
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I
ndus
tr
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il
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-
C
hung
L
iu
(
e
ds
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A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
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ll
ig
e
nc
e
a
nd
in
te
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
pr
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r
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,”
O
x
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r
d
U
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it
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ve
nt
or
s
h
ip
,”
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
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5t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
E
th
ic
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A
.
B
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oyi
,
“
O
w
ne
r
s
hi
p,
li
a
bi
li
ty
,
pa
te
nt
a
bi
li
ty
,
a
nd
c
r
e
a
ti
vi
t
y
is
s
ue
s
in
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,”
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n
Se
c
ur
it
y
J
o
u
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S
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C
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a
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a
bi
li
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ga
ps
:
w
hy
A
I
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
t
he
e
xi
s
ti
ng
r
ul
e
s
on
li
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
how
to
de
s
ig
n
huma
n
-
e
mpowe
r
in
g
s
ol
ut
io
ns
,”
i
n
L
aw
and A
r
ti
fi
c
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
:
R
e
gul
at
in
g A
I
an
d A
ppl
y
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e
ur
ope
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n
la
w
in
s
ti
tu
te
to
t
he
publ
ic
c
on
s
ul
ta
ti
on
on
c
iv
il
li
a
bi
li
ty
-
a
da
pt
in
g
li
a
bi
li
ty
r
ul
e
s
to
th
e
di
gi
ta
l
a
ge
a
nd
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
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ll
ig
e
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,”
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ur
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r
om
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
to
le
ga
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,”
H
y
br
id
A
r
ti
fi
c
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nt
Sy
s
te
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I
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a
c
r
it
ic
a
l
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
us
e
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
in
le
ga
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
,”
M
as
ar
y
k
U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
y
J
our
nal
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aw
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e
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J
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T
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ta
nc
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s
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oups
f
r
om
1950 to
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ne
w
da
ta
s
e
t,
”
J
our
nal
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e
ac
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“
A
c
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r
a
ti
ve
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
on
le
ga
l
e
vol
ut
io
n,
r
e
vol
ut
io
n,
a
nd
d
e
vol
ut
io
n,”
M
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ta
t:
T
ow
a
r
ds
th
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
of
a
c
ompl
e
x c
a
u
s
a
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mi
li
ta
r
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f
r
ic
a
,
1957
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e
r
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Soc
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t
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O
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s
ix
mi
s
ta
ke
s
a
bout
di
s
c
ont
in
u
it
y
in
th
e
le
ga
l
or
de
r
,”
W
il
li
am
and
M
ar
y
L
aw
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Sc
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n t
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r
na
ti
ona
l
la
w
of
hu
ma
n r
ig
ht
s
,”
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um
an R
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P
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ul
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r
oj
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T
he
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c
ip
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it
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, D
or
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e
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N
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R
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ke
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T
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c
ip
le
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f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
in
in
te
r
na
ti
ona
l
la
w
,”
in
L
aw
and
P
ol
it
ic
s
in
th
e
W
o
r
ld
C
om
m
uni
ty
,
U
ni
ve
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e
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io
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s
ome
r
e
ma
r
ks
on t
he
c
onc
e
pt
of
c
oup d’
é
ta
t
a
nd i
ts
hi
s
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y,”
P
ol
it
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s
te
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t
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C
oup
w
it
h
a
dj
e
c
ti
ve
s
:
c
onc
e
pt
ua
l
s
tr
e
tc
hi
ng
or
in
nova
ti
on
in
c
ompa
r
a
ti
ve
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h?
,”
P
ol
it
ic
al
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h, “
T
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r
s
of
c
a
te
gor
ic
a
l
th
i
nki
ng,”
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ar
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ar
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N
.
T
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a
ig
o,
“
U
s
in
g
c
a
te
gor
y
th
e
or
y
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
p
be
twe
e
n
c
ons
c
io
us
n
e
s
s
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
te
d
in
f
or
ma
ti
on t
he
or
y,”
N
e
ur
os
c
ie
nc
e
R
e
s
e
ar
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D
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r
a
dl
e
y, “
W
ha
t
i
s
a
ppl
ie
d c
a
t
e
gor
y t
he
or
y?
,”
ar
X
iv
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M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
,
2018.
[
49]
M
.
G
.
K
ohe
n
a
nd
B
.
S
c
hr
a
mm
,
“
G
e
ne
r
a
l
pr
in
c
ip
le
s
of
la
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
L
aw
,
O
xf
or
d
B
ib
li
ogr
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F
.
W
.
L
a
w
ve
r
e
,
“
F
unc
to
r
ia
l
s
e
ma
nt
ic
s
of
a
lg
e
br
a
ic
th
e
or
ie
s
,”
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
th
e
N
at
io
nal
A
c
ade
m
y
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
vol
.
50,
no.
5,
pp.
869
–
872, 1963, do
i:
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.50.5.869.
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
La
m
pri
n
i
Serem
et
i
i
s
a
l
ec
t
u
rer
i
n
p
r
o
g
ram
mi
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
D
e
p
ar
t
men
t
o
f
A
g
r
i
cu
l
t
u
ral
E
c
o
n
o
mi
c
s
an
d
Ru
ra
l
D
ev
e
l
o
p
men
t
at
t
h
e
Sch
o
o
l
o
f
A
p
p
l
i
e
d
E
c
o
n
o
mi
c
s
an
d
So
ci
a
l
Sci
e
n
ce
o
f
t
h
e
A
g
r
i
cu
l
t
u
ral
U
n
i
v
er
s
i
t
y
o
f
A
t
h
en
s
.
Sh
e
h
o
l
d
s
a
Ph
.
D
.
i
n
c
o
mp
u
t
e
r
s
ci
e
n
ce
w
i
t
h
a
f
o
cu
s
o
n
p
r
o
p
a
g
at
i
n
g
k
n
o
w
l
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d
g
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n
n
et
w
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a
l
i
g
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o
m
H
el
l
en
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c
O
p
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n
i
v
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;
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Mas
t
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i
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Sp
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d
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cat
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fro
m
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Ro
me;
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mas
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m
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Mat
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I
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S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
3
,
J
une
2025
:
2471
-
2478
2478
So
fi
a
A
n
a
s
t
a
s
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a
d
o
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s
a
Pro
fes
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s
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at
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c
s
an
d
res
earch
met
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
,
b
i
o
s
t
at
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s
t
i
c
s
an
d
b
i
o
med
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cal
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Sch
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l
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U
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es
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Maced
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n
i
a
(U
O
W
M),
D
ep
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men
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Mi
d
w
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fery
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am
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n
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n
ce
2
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2
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h
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Pres
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reek
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ci
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at
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i
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SD
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).
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as
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ee
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fo
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d
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g
m
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er
s
i
n
ce
2
0
0
1
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Sh
e
h
as
b
ee
n
Secret
ary
G
en
era
l
s
i
n
ce
2
0
1
6
.
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e
mak
es
a
c
o
n
s
t
a
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t
eff
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rt
f
o
r
t
h
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d
ev
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l
o
p
men
t
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d
d
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emi
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d
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mu
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d
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me
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met
h
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ch
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ri
n
c
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p
a
l
co
mp
o
n
e
n
t
an
a
l
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s
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s
,
fact
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b
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s
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en
ce.
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h
e
can
b
e
co
n
t
act
e
d
at
emai
l
:
s
a
n
as
t
as
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u
@
u
o
w
m.
g
r.
A
ndrea
s
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a
s
o
ura
s
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an
A
s
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ci
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fes
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co
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mu
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cat
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d
mark
e
t
i
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g
at
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eap
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l
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s
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n
i
v
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t
y
Pafo
s
.
H
e
i
s
a
p
ro
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fi
c
w
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i
t
er,
w
i
t
h
man
y
o
f
h
i
s
p
ap
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s
p
res
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n
t
e
d
at
i
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ern
a
t
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a
l
fo
ru
m
s
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H
i
s
b
o
o
k
t
i
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d
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n
t
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a
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d
ex
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p
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Mi
l
an
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e
ca
n
b
e
co
n
t
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ed
a
t
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:
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mas
o
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ra
s
@
n
u
p
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ac.
cy
.
Sty
l
i
a
no
s
P
a
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x
a
ndr
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FRCS
(T
r
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d
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rt
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),
FE
BO
T
,
Ph
.
D
.
,
M.
Sc.
,
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.
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e
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s
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c
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rg
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o
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w
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s
p
ec
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d
fel
l
o
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p
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r
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n
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d
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d
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p
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h
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d
s
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art
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ro
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l
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y
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h
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h
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n
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h
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i
s
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s
.
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e
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s
o
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l
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m
as
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ca
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me
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c
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s
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d
cl
i
n
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cal
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i
o
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n
fo
rma
t
i
c
s
”
an
d
“Co
n
t
emp
o
rary
med
i
cal
act
s
:
l
e
g
al
reg
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
an
d
b
i
o
e
t
h
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cal
d
i
me
n
s
i
o
n
”
.
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e
h
as
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t
h
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re
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a
fi
rs
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ai
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man
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er
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ch
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i
s
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.
H
e
can
b
e
co
n
t
ac
t
ed
a
t
emai
l
:
p
ap
a
l
es
t
@
g
mai
l
.
co
m
o
r
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1
3
6
4
@
u
o
w
m.
g
r
.
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