I
A
E
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
J
une
2025
, pp.
2044
~
2054
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
i.
v
14
.i
3
.pp
2044
-
2054
2044
Jou
r
n
al
h
om
e
page
:
ht
tp
:
//
ij
ai
.
ia
e
s
c
or
e
.c
om
L
M
S
b
ot
:
e
n
h
an
c
e
d
l
e
ar
n
i
n
g
m
an
age
m
e
n
t
sys
t
e
m
s f
or
i
m
p
r
ove
d
st
u
d
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n
i
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xp
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e
s u
si
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g r
ob
ot
i
c
p
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oc
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ss
au
t
om
at
i
on
M
am
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a D
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r
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P
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as
ad
, N
an
d
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B
al
u
s
u
D
e
pa
r
t
m
e
nt
of
C
om
put
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S
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nc
e
a
nd E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng, T
e
l
a
nga
na
U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y,
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i
z
a
m
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ba
d
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ndi
a
A
r
t
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le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
J
ul
17, 2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
F
e
b 4, 2025
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
M
a
r
15, 2025
In
this
paper,
a
workflow
for
bot
is
designed
using
robotic
p
rocess
automati
on
(RPA)
that
is
used
to
enhance
learning
management
s
ystems
(LMS) by p
roviding
content from
external
sources along w
ith
educato
r
made
course
content
for
better
student
learning
experiences.
Many
students
prefer
to
watch
YouTube
videos
for
learning,
even
if
they
have
been
tau
ght
the
same
content
by
an
educator
.
YouTube
is
a
dynamic
platform
where
video
rankings
change
based
on
viewer
engagement,
relevance,
and
newly
included
videos.
This
variability
poses
a
challeng
e
for
educators
see
king
to
include
external
videos, as the content environment within the LMS pl
atform
is
unpredictable
and
can
change
significantly.
The
bot
address
es
the
challenge
by
conducti
ng
periodic
searches
for
related
courses
and
to
pics
on
YouTube.
It
retrieves
top
-
ranked
videos
based
on
relevance,
which
ar
e
then
seamlessly
integrated
into
external
links
within
LMS.
The
LMS
e
xternal
links
option
enhances
accessibility
by
offering
videos
sorted
by
pop
ularity,
ensuring
student
s
receive
updated
and
rel
evant
information
seamlessl
y.
The
bot
efficientl
y
retrieves
details
of
750
videos
from
YouTube
in
j
ust
17
seconds, showca
sing its exceptional pe
rformance
.
Moreover, its c
apab
ility to
autonom
ously
update
LMS
external
links
content
weekly
represe
nts
an
added advan
tage. The
bot
is designed a
nd tested usin
g UiPath tool.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
ot
L
e
a
r
ni
ng ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
R
obot
ic
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
U
iP
a
th
Y
ouT
ube
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
M
a
m
id
ya
la
D
ur
ga
P
r
a
s
a
d
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
C
om
put
e
r
S
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g, T
e
la
nga
n
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
D
ic
hpa
ll
y
,
N
iz
a
m
a
ba
d
,
T
e
la
nga
n
a
S
ta
te
, I
ndi
a
E
m
a
il
:
dur
ga
m
a
m
id
ya
la
@
gm
a
il
.c
om
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
in
te
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ne
t
r
e
vol
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io
n
ha
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
e
d
e
du
c
a
ti
on
by
tu
r
ni
ng
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
c
la
s
s
r
oom
s
in
to
a
ubi
qui
to
us
,
te
c
hnol
ogy
-
dr
iv
e
n
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
.
E
duc
a
ti
ona
l
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ons
le
ve
r
a
ge
c
om
put
e
r
-
a
id
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d
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
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pe
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s
ona
li
z
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e
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xpe
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te
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s
if
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ng
gl
oba
l
out
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e
a
c
h
,
a
nd
c
ont
e
nt
de
li
ve
r
y
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
[
1]
.
M
ode
r
n
e
duc
a
ti
on
r
e
li
e
s
on
vi
gor
ous
le
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
te
m
s
(
L
M
S
)
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uppor
ti
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ve
r
s
e
of
f
li
ne
,
onl
in
e
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a
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bl
e
nde
d
f
or
m
a
ts
.
L
M
S
s
r
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pl
ic
a
te
c
la
s
s
r
o
om
s
e
tt
in
gs
th
r
ough
in
te
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w
e
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e
s
th
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s
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f
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m
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c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
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y,
a
nd
f
le
xi
bi
li
ty
[
2]
.
L
M
S
s
uc
h
a
s
M
oodl
e
a
r
e
m
o
s
tl
y
pr
e
f
e
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r
e
d
due
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ope
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s
our
c
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f
r
a
m
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w
or
k,
c
o
s
t
-
f
r
e
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y,
a
nd
c
us
to
m
iz
a
bl
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
,
m
a
ki
ng
th
e
m
e
xc
e
pt
io
na
ll
y
popula
r
a
m
ong
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ons
[
3]
.
C
ur
r
e
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
tr
e
nds
in
L
M
S
,
T
a
bl
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
f
in
di
ngs
f
r
om
r
e
c
e
nt
s
tu
di
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s
on
L
M
S
,
w
it
h
a
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
e
m
pha
s
is
on
M
oodl
e
.
I
t
out
li
ne
s
ke
y r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
r
e
a
s
a
nd t
he
ir
i
m
pl
ic
a
ti
ons
f
or
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nha
nc
in
g e
du
c
a
ti
ona
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pr
a
c
ti
c
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s
a
nd l
e
a
r
ne
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e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
.
I
m
por
ta
nc
e
of
Y
ouT
ube
in
e
-
le
a
r
ni
ng,
in
c
ur
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e
nt
ti
m
e
s
,
de
s
pi
te
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a
va
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bi
li
ty
of
L
M
S
,
m
a
ny
s
tu
de
nt
s
f
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vor
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s
in
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Y
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T
ube
a
s
a
le
a
r
ni
ng
pl
a
tf
or
m
f
or
e
n
ha
nc
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
s
[
4]
.
Y
ouT
ub
e
is
de
e
m
e
d
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
in
e
duc
a
ti
on
du
e
to
it
s
a
da
pt
a
bi
li
ty
in
a
c
c
om
m
oda
ti
ng
va
r
io
us
e
du
c
a
ti
ona
l
s
e
tt
in
gs
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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J
A
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I
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I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8938
L
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e
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tu
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…
(
M
am
id
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ur
ga P
r
as
ad
)
2045
in
c
lu
di
ng
la
r
ge
onl
in
e
c
la
s
s
e
s
[
5]
,
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ve
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
[
6]
,
a
nd
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tu
ni
ti
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s
f
o
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f
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lo
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a
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ni
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[
7]
.
I
t
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
e
nha
nc
e
s
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
m
ot
iv
a
ti
on
[
8]
,
[
9]
,
boos
ti
ng
s
tu
de
nt
c
onf
id
e
nc
e
a
nd
r
e
duc
in
g
a
nxi
e
ty
of
s
tu
de
nt
s
[
10]
,
[
11]
.
T
he
pl
a
tf
or
m
hos
ts
a
di
ve
r
s
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a
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r
a
y
of
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duc
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s
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tu
r
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tu
to
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,
a
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pr
a
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ti
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a
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m
ons
tr
a
ti
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[
12]
,
o
f
f
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in
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xi
bl
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m
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th
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to
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lu
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id
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x
s
ubj
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[
9]
.
A
ddi
ti
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ll
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it
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unr
e
s
tr
ic
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d
a
c
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s
s
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c
ont
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ib
ut
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s
s
ig
ni
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ic
a
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ly
to
it
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duc
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ti
ona
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it
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[
12
]
,
[
13
]
.
T
he
s
e
a
tt
r
ib
ut
e
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
Y
ouT
ube
'
s
c
r
uc
ia
l
r
ol
e
in
e
nha
nc
in
g
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
di
ve
r
s
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
c
ont
e
xt
s
.
T
a
bl
e
1. C
ur
r
e
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h t
r
e
nds
i
n L
M
S
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h f
oc
u
s
K
e
y f
i
ndi
ngs
R
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
E
nha
nc
i
ng M
oodl
e
'
s
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
I
m
pr
ove
m
e
nt
s
i
n de
s
i
gn
c
a
n l
e
a
d t
o be
t
t
e
r
a
s
yn
c
hr
onous
l
e
a
r
ni
ng e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
s
G
e
de
r
a
e
t
al
.
[
14]
D
e
ve
l
opm
e
nt
of
l
e
a
r
ne
r
-
c
e
nt
e
r
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
A
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on of
M
oodl
e
'
s
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
f
os
t
e
r
s
a
c
t
i
ve
l
e
a
r
ni
ng e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
I
r
yna
e
t
al
.
[
15]
E
xpl
or
i
ng
s
t
ude
nt
us
e
of
onl
i
ne
L
M
S
dur
i
ng
t
he
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
pa
nde
m
i
c
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
hi
ghl
i
ght
s
t
he
c
om
pl
e
x
r
e
l
a
t
i
ons
hi
p
be
t
w
e
e
n
s
t
ude
nt
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
w
i
t
h
onl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
a
nd
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
,
w
hi
l
e
a
c
know
l
e
dgi
ng
i
t
s
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
ons
a
nd
s
ugge
s
t
i
ng
a
ve
nue
s
f
or
f
ur
t
he
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
o
de
e
pe
n unde
r
s
t
a
ndi
ng of
onl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng dyna
m
i
c
s
L
i
u
e
t
al
[
16]
I
de
nt
if
ie
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ga
ps
,
d
e
s
pi
te
th
e
w
id
e
s
pr
e
a
d
popula
r
it
y
of
Y
ouT
ube
a
m
ong
s
tu
de
nt
s
,
s
e
ve
r
a
l
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ga
p
s
in
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
hi
ghl
ig
ht
th
e
n
e
e
d
f
or
f
ur
th
e
r
e
xpl
or
a
ti
on:
i)
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
w
it
h
LM
S
:
e
xi
s
ti
ng
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
doe
s
not
s
uf
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
in
ve
s
ti
ga
te
how
Y
ouT
ube
c
a
n
b
e
in
te
gr
a
te
d
w
it
h
L
M
S
li
ke
M
oodl
e
.
U
nde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
th
is
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
e
nha
nc
in
g
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
s
a
nd
im
pr
ovi
ng
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
out
c
om
e
s
;
ii
)
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
in
c
ont
e
nt
r
e
tr
ie
va
l
:
d
e
s
pi
te
Y
ouT
ube
popula
r
it
y,
s
tu
de
nt
s
of
te
n
f
a
c
e
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
f
in
di
ng
r
e
le
va
nt
m
a
te
r
ia
ls
,
a
s
th
e
y
s
e
a
r
c
h
in
d
e
pe
nde
nt
ly
,
le
a
di
ng
to
in
c
ons
is
te
nt
r
e
s
ul
ts
;
ii
i)
r
ol
e
of
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
:
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
on
a
ppl
yi
ng
r
ob
ot
ic
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
o
n
(
R
P
A
)
to
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
c
our
s
e
c
ont
e
nt
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
te
e
xt
e
r
na
l
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
,
s
uc
h
a
s
Y
ouT
ub
e
,
is
li
m
it
e
d
;
iv
)
e
f
f
e
c
t
on
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
r
e
s
ul
ts
:
a
lt
hough
th
e
r
e
is
no
c
ur
r
e
nt
e
vi
de
nc
e
to
s
uppor
t
th
is
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
th
is
a
ppr
oa
c
h
c
oul
d
pot
e
nt
ia
ll
y
e
na
bl
e
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
ve
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
c
ont
e
nt
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
th
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
pr
oc
e
s
s
;
a
nd
v)
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
d
yna
m
ic
s
:
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng
th
e
s
e
dyn
a
m
ic
s
c
oul
d
le
a
d
to
im
pr
ove
d
c
ont
e
nt
c
ur
a
ti
on
a
nd
gr
e
a
te
r
us
e
r
e
nga
ge
m
e
nt
.
I
nc
or
por
a
ti
ng
dyna
m
ic
Y
ouT
ube
c
ont
e
nt
w
it
hi
n
L
M
S
,
in
c
or
p
or
a
ti
ng
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
os
w
it
hi
n
L
M
S
pl
a
tf
or
m
s
,
in
a
ddi
ti
on
to
th
e
e
xi
s
ti
ng
c
our
s
e
vi
de
os
,
of
f
e
r
s
s
e
ve
r
a
l
a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
f
or
e
duc
a
to
r
s
a
nd
s
tu
de
nt
s
.
K
os
tk
a
a
nd
L
oc
kw
ood
[
17]
r
e
c
om
m
e
nde
d
th
a
t
e
duc
a
to
r
s
u
s
e
a
c
om
bi
na
ti
on
of
e
duc
a
to
r
-
c
r
e
a
te
d
a
nd
r
e
a
di
ly
a
va
il
a
bl
e
vi
de
o
s
to
s
tr
e
ngt
he
n
th
e
e
du
c
a
to
r
-
s
tu
de
nt
r
e
la
ti
ons
hi
p
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
s
tu
de
nt
s
w
it
h
va
r
ie
d
e
xpl
a
na
ti
ons
.
F
ir
s
tl
y,
ha
vi
ng
c
our
s
e
vi
de
os
a
lr
e
a
dy
e
m
be
dde
d
on
L
M
S
e
ns
ur
e
s
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
c
ov
e
r
a
ge
of
th
e
c
ur
r
ic
ul
um
,
a
ll
ow
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
to
a
c
c
e
s
s
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
te
r
ia
ls
c
onv
e
ni
e
nt
ly
.
S
e
c
ondl
y,
by
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
Y
ouT
ub
e
vi
de
o
s
,
w
e
c
a
n
in
tr
oduc
e
va
r
ie
ty
p
e
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
s
,
e
xpe
r
t
opi
ni
ons
,
a
nd
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
e
xa
m
pl
e
s
th
a
t
s
uppl
e
m
e
nt
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
th
e
c
our
s
e
c
ont
e
nt
.
T
hi
r
dl
y,
r
e
a
di
ly
a
va
il
a
bl
e
vi
de
os
of
f
e
r
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y
a
nd
f
le
xi
bi
li
ty
to
a
w
id
e
r
a
nge
of
to
pi
c
s
a
nd
te
a
c
hi
ng
m
e
th
ods
th
a
t
m
a
y
not
b
e
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
f
or
e
duc
a
to
r
s
to
pr
oduc
e
in
de
pe
nde
nt
ly
.
E
m
be
ddi
ng
li
nks
di
r
e
c
tl
y
in
to
L
M
S
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
ke
e
ps
s
tu
de
nt
s
e
nga
ge
d,
a
c
c
om
m
oda
te
s
va
r
io
us
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
ty
le
s
,
a
nd
e
nha
n
c
e
s
th
e
ov
e
r
a
ll
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
by
m
in
im
iz
in
g
di
s
tr
a
c
ti
ons
,
m
in
im
iz
in
g
e
xc
e
s
s
iv
e
Y
ouT
ub
e
us
e
[
18]
,
a
nd
s
a
ve
s
ti
m
e
th
a
t
w
oul
d
ot
he
r
w
is
e
be
s
pe
nt
s
e
a
r
c
hi
ng f
or
r
e
le
va
nt
c
ont
e
nt
, e
ns
ur
in
g s
tu
de
nt
s
s
ta
y f
oc
u
s
e
d o
n l
e
s
s
on obje
c
ti
ve
s
.
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
w
hi
le
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
e
xt
e
r
na
l
c
ont
e
nt
in
L
M
S
,
e
d
uc
a
to
r
s
e
nc
ount
e
r
di
s
ti
nc
t
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
w
he
n
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
c
ur
a
te
d
vi
de
o
s
in
to
c
our
s
e
w
or
k.
T
h
e
y
m
us
t
na
vi
ga
te
th
e
v
a
r
ie
d
la
nds
c
a
pe
of
Y
ou
T
ube
c
ont
e
nt
to
s
e
le
c
t
a
nd
a
li
gn
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
vi
de
os
w
it
h
c
our
s
e
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
a
nd
a
c
a
de
m
ic
s
t
a
nda
r
ds
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
by
S
upe
ndr
a
a
nd
A
m
il
ia
[
19]
unde
r
s
c
or
e
s
th
a
t
s
om
e
s
tu
de
nt
s
th
in
k
th
a
t
e
duc
a
to
r
s
s
houl
d
he
lp
th
e
m
c
hoos
e
Y
ou
T
ube
vi
d
e
os
be
c
a
us
e
e
duc
a
to
r
s
a
r
e
e
xpe
r
ts
a
t
th
is
be
c
a
u
s
e
of
th
e
ir
e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
.
B
y
c
a
r
e
f
ul
ly
c
ur
a
ti
ng
m
a
te
r
ia
ls
th
a
t
a
r
e
bot
h
r
e
le
va
nt
a
nd
be
ne
f
ic
ia
l,
e
duc
a
to
r
s
c
a
n
e
ns
ur
e
s
tu
de
nt
s
be
tt
e
r
unde
r
s
ta
nd
a
nd
e
ng
a
ge
w
it
h
th
e
c
our
s
e
c
ont
e
nt
.
H
ow
e
v
e
r
,
s
e
a
r
c
hi
ng
f
or
Y
ouT
ube
f
or
e
a
c
h
in
di
vi
dua
l
c
our
s
e
is
i
m
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l,
s
o w
e
c
a
n i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
R
P
A
t
o a
ddr
e
s
s
t
hi
s
i
s
s
ue
.
R
ol
e
of
R
P
A
in
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
Y
ouT
ube
c
ont
e
nt
dyna
m
ic
a
ll
y
w
it
hi
n
L
M
S
,
th
e
s
e
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
f
or
e
duc
a
to
r
s
e
m
ph
a
s
iz
e
th
e
n
e
c
e
s
s
it
y
f
or
a
d
e
qua
te
a
s
s
is
ta
nc
e
a
n
d
tr
a
in
in
g
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
ha
ndl
in
g
L
M
S
[
20]
.
T
he
gr
ow
in
g
popula
r
it
y
of
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
A
I
)
ha
s
br
ought
a
bout
a
r
e
vol
ut
io
na
r
y
c
ha
nge
in
how
bus
in
e
s
s
e
s
a
nd
or
ga
ni
z
a
ti
ons
f
unc
ti
on,
s
ub
s
ti
tu
ti
ng
hum
a
n
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
ti
on
w
it
h
a
ut
om
a
te
d
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
R
P
A
ha
s
pl
a
ye
d
a
m
a
jo
r
r
ol
e
in
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
th
is
c
ha
nge
[
21]
.
T
he
te
c
h
nol
ogy’
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
de
pe
nds
on
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
r
e
pe
ti
ti
ve
ta
s
ks
a
nd
bot
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
w
hi
c
h
e
na
bl
in
g
a
ut
o
nom
ous
ta
s
k
e
xe
c
ut
io
n
w
it
h
le
s
s
e
m
pl
oye
e
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
n
[
22]
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
bot
is
de
ve
lo
pe
d
us
in
g
U
iP
a
th
[
23]
,
U
iP
a
th
is
R
P
A
to
ol
[
24]
us
e
d
f
or
la
r
ge
-
s
c
a
le
e
nd
-
to
-
e
nd
a
ut
om
a
ti
on.
T
he
bot
a
ut
onomous
ly
s
e
a
r
c
he
s
f
or
,
e
xt
r
a
c
ts
,
a
nd
in
te
gr
a
te
s
Y
ou
T
ube
vi
de
o
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
2044
-
2054
2046
r
e
le
va
nt
to
e
a
c
h
c
our
s
e
s
e
c
ti
on
in
L
M
S
.
I
t
s
ys
te
m
a
ti
c
a
ll
y
ga
th
e
r
s
th
e
ti
tl
e
a
nd
U
R
L
of
e
a
c
h
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
o,
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
ly
in
c
or
por
a
ti
ng
th
e
m
a
s
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
w
it
hi
n
th
e
c
or
r
e
s
ponding
s
e
c
ti
ons
of
L
M
S
.
T
hi
s
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
ope
r
a
te
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
y,
e
n
s
ur
in
g
up
-
to
-
da
te
c
ont
e
nt
w
it
hout
th
e
ne
e
d
f
or
m
a
nua
l
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
n,
s
uc
h
a
s
da
il
y
upda
te
s
,
w
e
e
kl
y
upda
te
s
,
m
ont
hl
y
upda
te
s
,
a
s
c
ho
s
e
n
by
e
duc
a
to
r
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
w
it
hi
n
th
e
L
M
S
s
y
s
te
m
,
s
tu
de
nt
s
be
ne
f
it
f
r
om
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
d
a
c
c
e
s
s
to
va
lu
a
bl
e
c
ont
e
nt
,
s
a
vi
ng
ti
m
e
a
nd
e
nh
a
nc
in
g
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y.
T
he
de
ve
lo
pe
d
s
y
s
te
m
in
c
lu
de
s
a
f
e
a
tu
r
e
w
he
r
e
s
tu
de
nt
s
c
a
n
li
ke
a
nd
c
om
m
e
nt
on
in
te
gr
a
te
d
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
os
,
f
os
te
r
in
g
a
c
om
m
uni
ty
-
dr
iv
e
n
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
P
e
e
r
in
f
lu
e
n
c
e
,
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
th
r
ough
w
or
d
of
m
out
h
a
nd
s
ha
r
e
d
e
nj
oym
e
nt
,
pl
a
ys
an
im
por
ta
nt
r
ol
e
in
dr
iv
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
in
te
nt
io
n
to
c
ont
in
ue
us
in
g
a
Y
ouT
ube
-
li
ke
e
-
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
ys
te
m
[
25]
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
u
s
e
r
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
th
e
m
os
t
f
a
vor
e
d
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
o
f
or
e
a
c
h
c
our
s
e
s
e
c
ti
on
r
is
e
s
to
pr
om
in
e
nc
e
,
e
n
s
ur
in
g
th
a
t
s
tu
de
nt
s
di
s
c
ove
r
a
nd
e
ng
a
ge
w
it
h
th
e
m
os
t
pe
r
ti
ne
nt
a
nd
hi
ghl
y
r
a
te
d
c
ont
e
nt
.
A
s
Y
ouT
ube
pr
io
r
it
iz
e
s
vi
de
os
b
a
s
e
d
on
popula
r
it
y,
r
e
le
va
nc
e
to
us
e
r
in
te
r
e
s
t
s
,
a
nd
vi
e
w
in
g
hi
s
to
r
y
[
26]
r
a
th
e
r
th
a
n
on
th
e
ir
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
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ty
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a
dopt
in
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a
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om
m
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dr
iv
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oa
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h
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ll
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it
hi
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m
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ddi
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y,
to
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to
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e
nga
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nt
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ve
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pe
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s
ys
te
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in
tr
oduc
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s
a
f
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dba
c
k
m
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c
ha
ni
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m
w
h
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du
c
a
to
r
s
c
a
n
pr
ovi
de
c
om
m
e
nt
s
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nd
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a
te
to
p
vi
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s
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ir
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va
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a
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E
duc
a
to
r
s
,
w
he
r
e
th
e
r
e
is
no
pos
s
ib
il
it
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to
vi
e
w
a
ll
vi
de
os
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c
a
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iz
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vi
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T
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y
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a
s
s
ig
n
r
a
ti
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c
h
a
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a
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good,
or
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ddi
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pr
oc
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ls
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s
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duc
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s
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m
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k
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ly
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e
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t
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th
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om
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ti
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a
ll
y.
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he
bot
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s
c
o
r
r
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c
t
ope
r
a
ti
on
ha
s
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e
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ve
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if
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by
te
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ti
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on
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M
S
.
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y
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ur
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th
a
t
a
ut
om
a
ti
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ope
r
a
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s
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ons
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te
nt
ly
a
c
r
os
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m
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ny
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ir
c
um
s
ta
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ty
pe
of
te
s
ti
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ve
nt
ua
ll
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pr
oduc
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s
a
m
or
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r
obus
t
s
ol
ut
io
n.
T
a
bl
e
2
s
how
c
a
s
e
s
th
e
e
xt
e
ns
iv
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
ur
r
e
nt
ly
be
in
g
c
onduc
te
d on R
P
A
, hi
ghl
ig
ht
in
g i
ts
gr
ow
in
g i
m
por
ta
nc
e
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
io
us
s
e
c
to
r
s
. G
iv
e
n t
he
s
e
i
ns
ig
ht
s
, w
e
ha
ve
c
hos
e
n
to
f
oc
us
on
R
P
A
f
or
our
nove
l
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
a
im
in
g
to
e
xpl
or
e
it
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
f
ur
th
e
r
a
nd
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
to
th
e
a
dva
nc
e
m
e
nt
of
a
ut
om
a
ti
on t
e
c
hnol
ogy.
T
a
bl
e
2.
R
P
A
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h i
ns
ig
ht
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h f
oc
us
ke
y f
i
ndi
ngs
R
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
R
P
A
a
nd A
I
i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
xpl
or
e
s
how
t
he
f
us
i
on
of
R
P
A
a
nd
A
I
i
s
r
e
de
f
i
ni
ng
E
R
P
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
ope
r
a
t
i
ons
,
i
m
pr
ovi
ng
opt
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
on,
us
e
r
i
nt
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
a
nd c
om
pr
e
he
ns
i
ve
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
i
n t
he
i
ndus
t
r
y
4.0.
R
i
be
i
r
o
e
t
al
.
[
27]
R
P
A
i
n
e
duc
a
t
i
ona
l
s
e
t
t
i
ngs
T
hi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
hi
ghl
i
ght
s
how
R
P
A
bot
s
c
a
n
s
uppor
t
e
duc
a
t
or
s
by
e
va
l
ua
t
i
ng
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
ve
ne
s
s
a
nd
i
de
nt
i
f
yi
ng
a
r
e
a
s
w
he
r
e
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
or
s
m
a
y ne
e
d
a
ddi
t
i
ona
l
t
r
a
i
ni
ng, w
hi
l
e
a
l
s
o c
on
s
i
de
r
i
ng t
he
pos
s
i
bl
e
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
i
e
s
i
f
s
om
e
s
ubj
e
c
t
s
a
r
e
t
a
ught
by r
obot
s
.
K
ha
n
e
t
al
.
[
28]
A
ut
om
a
t
i
on i
n s
t
ude
nt
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
T
he
s
t
udy
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
on
of
R
P
A
i
n
a
ut
om
a
t
i
ng
t
a
s
ks
w
i
t
hi
n
a
n
E
R
P
-
dr
i
ve
n
s
t
ude
nt
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
,
e
na
bl
i
ng
e
duc
a
t
or
s
a
nd
a
dm
i
ni
s
t
r
a
t
or
s
t
o
s
t
r
e
a
m
l
i
ne
not
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
ons
,
a
s
s
i
gnm
e
nt
s
,
a
nd c
l
a
s
s
s
c
he
dul
e
s
.
G
a
j
r
a
e
t
al
.
[
29]
O
ve
r
vi
e
w
of
R
P
A
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
A
n
i
n
-
de
pt
h
e
xa
m
i
na
t
i
on
of
t
he
R
P
A
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
l
a
nds
c
a
pe
,
i
de
nt
i
f
yi
ng ke
y t
he
m
e
s
a
nd
c
om
pa
r
i
ng R
P
A
t
o
r
e
l
a
t
e
d t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
w
hi
l
e
pr
opos
i
ng s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
f
or
be
t
t
e
r
a
dopt
i
on a
nd i
nt
e
gr
a
t
i
on.
W
e
w
e
r
ka
a
nd
R
e
i
c
h
e
r
t
[
30]
B
ot
f
or
e
m
a
i
l
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
T
hi
s
s
t
udy
i
nt
r
oduc
e
s
a
bot
de
s
i
gne
d
t
o
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y
m
a
na
ge
e
m
a
i
l
s
by
s
or
t
i
ng,
l
a
be
l
i
ng,
a
nd
or
ga
ni
z
i
ng
m
e
s
s
a
ge
s
,
t
hus
e
nha
nc
i
ng
c
om
m
uni
c
a
t
i
on f
l
ow
a
nd t
a
s
k e
f
f
i
c
i
e
nc
y.
K
ha
r
e
e
t
al
.
[
31]
T
he
r
e
s
t
of
th
e
pa
pe
r
is
or
ga
ni
z
e
d
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
:
th
e
s
ugge
s
t
e
d
no
ve
l
m
e
th
od
is
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
in
s
e
c
ti
on
2.
T
he
r
e
s
ul
ts
a
r
e
di
s
c
u
s
s
e
d
in
s
e
c
ti
on
3.
S
e
c
ti
on
4
c
onc
lu
de
s
th
e
pa
pe
r
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
s
di
r
e
c
ti
ons
f
or
f
ut
ur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
2.
P
R
O
P
O
S
E
D
M
E
T
H
O
D
F
ig
ur
e
1
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
th
e
d
e
s
ig
n
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
bot
a
nd
th
e
or
d
e
r
in
w
hi
c
h
it
pe
r
f
or
m
s
va
r
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us
t
a
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ks
w
it
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L
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.
T
he
bot
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ve
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us
in
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U
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pl
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A
ddi
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C
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c
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s
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nha
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ir
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unc
ti
ona
l
it
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s
a
nd
e
na
bl
in
g
r
obus
t
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
io
us
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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2252
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8938
I
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J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
2044
-
2054
2048
a
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
ut
om
a
ti
c
a
ll
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w
it
hout
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[
32]
,
how
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pr
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di
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s
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tl
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r
obot
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r
pr
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f
r
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(
R
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m
m
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c
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(
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P
I
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ke
ys
or
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s
s
w
or
ds
,
in
c
lu
di
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th
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f
or
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oogl
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a
c
c
ount
s
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di
r
e
c
tl
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lu
de
d
in
to
w
or
kf
lo
w
s
.
I
t
is
a
dvi
s
e
d
to
m
a
na
ge
c
r
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de
nt
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ls
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
by us
in
g t
e
c
hni
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s
l
ik
e
or
c
he
s
t
r
a
to
r
a
s
s
e
ts
or
c
onf
ig
ur
a
ti
on f
il
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s
.
2.1.1. E
m
ai
l
A
P
I
ac
t
iv
it
y
T
he
bot
w
il
l
lo
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in
to
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te
m
on
th
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m
a
c
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us
in
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w
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dow
s
c
r
e
de
nt
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ls
s
our
c
e
d
f
r
om
or
c
he
s
tr
a
to
r
a
s
s
e
ts
.
T
hi
s
a
c
ti
on
is
pe
r
f
or
m
e
d
by
th
e
U
iP
a
th
a
s
s
is
ta
nt
in
s
ta
ll
e
d
on
th
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
.
O
nc
e
U
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a
th
a
s
s
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t
a
nt
gr
a
nt
s
a
ut
hor
iz
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ti
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on
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e
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m
,
th
e
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il
l
th
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n
us
e
A
P
I
in
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ti
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ti
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s
to
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ti
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ll
y
lo
g
in
to
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m
a
il
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th
of
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r
s
a
v
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of
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m
a
il
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c
ti
vi
ti
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,
in
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di
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O
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s
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m
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th
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onne
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ti
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i.
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D
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m
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th
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qui
r
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f
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a
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r
r
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ti
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th
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y
r
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th
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doc
um
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th
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or
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c
t
f
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th
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th
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t
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T
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H
T
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P
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r
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vi
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ti
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th
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c
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w
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ut
om
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ti
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2.1.2.
Y
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gr
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2.1.3
.
D
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it
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vi
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m
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2.2.
D
is
p
la
yi
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g d
at
a i
n
L
M
S
T
he
de
ve
lo
pe
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la
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k
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f
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c
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m
a
s
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pa
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va
lu
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s
(
C
S
V
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m
odul
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f
or
in
it
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l
da
ta
lo
a
di
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F
r
ont
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nd
s
ty
li
ng
a
nd
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unc
ti
ona
li
ty
a
r
e
e
nha
nc
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d
us
in
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B
oot
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tr
a
p
a
nd
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T
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s
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c
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c
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ly
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na
bl
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c
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s
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f
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.
3.
R
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A
N
D
D
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s
ta
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d.
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hi
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te
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h a
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
2044
-
2054
2050
F
a
c
ul
ty
w
e
r
e
r
e
que
s
te
d
to
c
r
e
a
te
ne
w
c
our
s
e
in
M
oodl
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L
M
S
a
nd
a
s
ke
d
to
ke
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p
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xt
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r
na
l
li
nks
a
nd
c
onf
ig
ur
e
de
ve
lo
pe
d
bot
w
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our
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m
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,
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our
s
e
I
D
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n
a
m
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nd
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onf
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it
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i
t
w
il
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c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
f
or
s
ubs
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que
nt
r
e
que
s
ts
w
it
hout
m
a
nua
l
in
te
r
ve
nt
io
n. T
he
or
c
he
s
tr
a
to
r
t
r
ig
ge
r
s
a
pr
oc
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s
s
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om
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ti
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a
ll
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it
hout
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a
nua
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in
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s
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ta
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k
th
a
t
c
a
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oc
c
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kl
y,
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ont
hl
y,
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r
a
s
de
te
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m
in
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d
by
th
e
e
duc
a
to
r
to
upda
te
c
our
s
e
r
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la
te
d
c
ont
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nt
.
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he
bot
lo
gs
in
to
th
e
m
a
c
hi
ne
of
th
e
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duc
a
to
r
a
nd
s
ta
r
ts
e
xt
r
a
c
ti
ng
vi
de
oi
ds
a
nd
c
ha
nne
l
n
a
m
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s
in
to
e
xc
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ba
s
e
d
on
to
pi
c
na
m
e
w
hi
c
h
i
s
r
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tr
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ve
d upon c
li
c
ki
ng
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
opt
io
n i
n L
M
S
.
F
ig
ur
e
4
s
how
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
of
th
e
L
M
S
a
r
e
pr
ov
id
e
d
w
it
h
w
id
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s
e
le
c
ti
on
of
150
vi
de
os
to
e
xpl
or
e
th
e
ir
knowle
dge
f
or
be
tt
e
r
le
a
r
ni
ng
e
xp
e
r
ie
nc
e
s
.
T
he
y
c
a
n
w
a
tc
h
vi
de
os
of
th
e
ir
c
hoi
c
e
,
e
xpr
e
s
s
th
e
ir
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
by
li
ki
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a
nd
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om
m
e
nt
in
g
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
ir
vi
e
w
in
g
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
s
tu
de
nt
s
c
a
n
be
ne
f
it
f
r
om
e
duc
a
to
r
r
e
vi
e
w
s
to
h
e
lp
th
e
m
d
e
c
id
e
on
vi
de
os
.
T
he
y
c
a
n
a
ls
o
s
e
e
w
hi
c
h
vi
de
os
a
r
e
li
ke
d
by
th
e
ir
f
r
ie
nds
,
m
a
ki
ng
it
e
a
s
ie
r
to
di
s
c
ove
r
c
ont
e
nt
th
a
t
a
li
gns
w
it
h
th
e
ir
pe
e
r
s
'
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
.
T
hi
s
pe
r
s
ona
li
z
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
e
ns
ur
e
s
s
tu
d
e
nt
s
m
a
ke
in
f
or
m
e
d
c
hoi
c
e
s
a
nd
e
nj
oy
a
ta
il
or
e
d
vi
e
w
in
g
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
.
S
tu
de
nt
s
a
lwa
ys
ge
t
upda
te
d
c
ont
e
nt
f
r
om
Y
ou
T
ube
,
a
s
bot
r
e
pl
a
c
e
s
vi
d
e
os
w
it
h
le
a
s
t
li
ke
s
a
nd
poor
e
duc
a
to
r
r
e
vi
e
w
s
pe
r
io
di
c
a
ll
y s
how
in
g gr
e
a
t
le
a
r
ni
ng e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
f
or
s
tu
de
nt
s
.
F
ig
ur
e
5
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
how
e
duc
a
to
r
s
r
e
c
om
m
e
nd
vi
de
os
to
s
tu
de
nt
s
by
pr
ovi
di
ng
r
e
vi
e
w
s
in
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
.
W
it
h
li
m
it
e
d
ti
m
e
a
va
il
a
bl
e
,
th
e
y
r
e
ly
on
us
e
r
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
li
ke
s
a
nd
c
om
m
e
nt
s
to
id
e
nt
if
y
th
e
m
os
t
popula
r
vi
de
os
. T
he
a
bi
li
ty
t
o s
e
e
t
he
t
op
-
r
a
nke
d vi
de
o a
ll
ow
s
e
duc
a
to
r
s
to
qui
c
kl
y ga
uge
w
hi
c
h c
ont
e
nt
r
e
s
ona
te
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
w
it
h
s
tu
de
nt
s
.
T
hi
s
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
d
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
n
a
bl
e
s
e
duc
a
to
r
s
to
pr
ovi
de
in
f
or
m
e
d
opi
ni
ons
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
,
e
ns
ur
in
g
th
a
t
th
e
y
c
a
n
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
va
l
ua
bl
e
in
s
ig
ht
s
w
it
hout
th
e
ne
e
d
to
in
di
vi
dua
ll
y
r
e
vi
e
w
a
ll
150
vi
de
os
.
T
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
a
r
e
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
a
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
to
s
how
how
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
bot
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y a
nd
c
yc
lo
m
a
ti
c
c
om
pl
e
xi
ty
a
s
s
ur
e
s
c
ode
m
a
in
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
id
e
nt
if
ie
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
r
is
ks
.
F
ig
ur
e
4.
S
tu
de
nt
s
c
hoos
in
g vi
de
os
ba
s
e
d on
e
duc
a
to
r
r
e
vi
e
w
a
nd c
om
m
uni
ty
dr
iv
e
n pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
F
ig
ur
e
5.
E
duc
a
to
r
gi
vi
ng r
e
vi
e
w
s
ba
s
e
d on mos
t
li
ke
d vi
de
o w
hi
c
h c
om
e
s
on t
op
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
L
M
S bot:
e
nhanc
e
d l
e
ar
ni
ng m
anage
m
e
nt
s
y
s
te
m
s
f
or
i
m
pr
o
v
e
d
s
tu
de
nt
…
(
M
am
id
y
al
a D
ur
ga P
r
as
ad
)
2051
3.1.
P
e
r
f
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m
an
c
e
e
val
u
at
io
n
T
he
f
ol
lo
w
in
g
a
r
e
s
om
e
qua
li
ty
-
of
-
s
e
r
vi
c
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
us
e
d
to
ga
uge
how
w
e
ll
th
e
L
M
S
e
nha
n
c
e
d
bot
w
or
ks
:
i)
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
:
th
e
pe
r
c
e
nt
a
ge
of
w
or
th
w
hi
le
w
or
k
c
om
pl
e
te
d
by
th
e
bot
;
ii
)
ti
m
e
c
ons
um
pt
io
n:
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
nd
th
r
oughput
ti
m
e
of
th
e
bot
;
i
ii
)
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
:
a
pr
e
c
is
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
th
e
bot
'
s
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
;
a
nd
iv
)
pr
e
c
is
io
n
:
th
e
p
r
e
c
is
io
n m
e
tr
ic
s
how
s
how
e
xa
c
t
or
a
c
c
ur
a
te
th
e
bot
'
s
m
ode
l
is
.
T
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
e
va
lu
a
ti
o
n
of
th
e
s
ys
te
m
,
a
L
M
S
f
or
d
a
ta
ba
s
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
s
c
our
s
e
ha
s
be
e
n
d
e
ve
lo
pe
d
in
M
oodl
e
w
it
h
a
li
nk
to
e
xt
e
r
na
l
s
our
c
e
s
in
a
ddi
ti
on
to
e
duc
a
to
r
m
a
de
c
our
s
e
c
ont
e
nt
, a
s
s
how
n i
n F
ig
ur
e
6. D
e
v
e
lo
pi
ng s
uc
h L
M
S
i
s
c
om
pa
r
e
d us
in
g t
w
o c
a
s
e
s
.
a)
C
a
s
e
I
-
c
a
r
r
yi
ng
out
ta
s
ks
m
a
nua
ll
y
(
i.
e
.
:
w
it
hout
us
in
g
th
e
bot
)
:
a
s
a
c
a
s
e
s
tu
dy
a
s
ke
d
F
a
c
ul
ty
of
T
e
la
nga
na
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
,
I
ndi
a
to
de
ve
lo
p
L
M
S
w
it
h
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nk
s
to
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
os
.
T
he
y
ha
ve
ta
ke
n
lo
t
of
ti
m
e
f
or
e
xt
r
a
c
ti
ng
vi
de
oi
ds
,
c
ha
nne
l
na
m
e
s
f
r
om
Y
ouT
ub
e
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
opyi
ng
th
e
m
in
to
e
xc
e
l
one
by one
. T
he
y h
a
ve
t
a
k
e
n ne
a
r
ly
70 s
e
c
ond
s
pe
r
vi
de
o.
b)
C
a
s
e
II
-
a
ut
o
m
a
ti
n
g pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
w
it
h t
h
e
bot
(
i
.e
.
:
a
ut
o
m
a
t
io
n)
:
i
n
c
a
s
e
I
I
,
t
he
b
ot
pe
r
f
or
m
s
t
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
w
it
hou
t
hum
a
n
i
nvo
lv
e
m
e
nt
.
O
nc
e
e
du
c
a
to
r
t
r
ig
ge
r
s
b
ot
,
bot
a
u
to
m
a
t
ic
a
ll
y
e
xt
r
a
c
t
s
vi
d
e
o
id
s
,
c
h
a
n
ne
l
na
m
e
s
f
r
om
Y
ou
T
ub
e
a
ppl
ic
a
t
io
n
a
n
d
s
a
ve
s
da
ta
in
t
o
e
xc
e
l
s
he
e
t
s
a
c
c
or
di
n
gl
y
.
T
h
e
a
ut
o
m
a
t
e
d
te
c
hni
qu
e
w
or
k
s
m
uc
h
m
or
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
ly
t
h
a
n
a
m
a
n
ua
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
n
d r
e
qu
ir
e
s
l
e
s
s
h
um
a
n
pa
r
t
ic
ip
a
ti
on
to
c
om
p
le
t
e
t
a
s
k
s
.
−
E
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y:
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
c
a
s
e
I
,
hum
a
n
w
or
k
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
s
e
ve
r
a
l
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
m
is
ta
ke
s
,
in
c
ons
is
te
nc
ie
s
,
a
nd
e
m
ot
io
na
l
im
pa
c
ts
,
w
hi
c
h
hi
ghl
ig
ht
th
e
dr
a
w
ba
c
ks
of
de
pe
ndi
ng
onl
y
on
hum
a
n
e
f
f
or
t.
Y
ouT
ube
is
a
pl
a
tf
or
m
w
hi
c
h
a
lwa
ys
gr
ow
by
a
ddi
ng
th
e
ne
w
c
ont
e
nt
a
nd
r
a
ti
ng
of
a
vi
de
o
in
Y
ouT
ube
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
w
il
l
a
lwa
y
s
c
ha
nge
.
I
n
s
uc
h
s
it
ua
ti
on
upda
ti
ng
vi
de
os
by
r
a
ti
ng
pe
r
io
di
c
a
ll
y
w
il
l
be
c
om
e
a
c
um
be
r
s
om
e
a
c
ti
vi
ty
.
O
n
th
e
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
in
c
a
s
e
I
I
,
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ne
s
s
of
th
e
c
r
e
a
te
d
bot
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
s
t
he
m
a
jo
r
be
ne
f
it
s
of
a
ut
om
a
ti
on w
it
h t
he
pot
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
pe
r
io
di
c
upda
te
s
.
−
T
im
e
c
on
s
um
pt
io
n:
in
c
a
s
e
I
,
it
h
a
s
be
e
n
not
e
d
th
a
t
m
or
e
m
a
nu
a
l
la
bor
is
r
e
qui
r
e
d
w
he
n
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
i
s
not
th
e
r
e
,
w
hi
c
h
r
e
s
ul
ts
in
a
hi
ghe
r
ti
m
e
c
ons
um
pt
io
n.
I
n
c
om
pa
r
i
s
on
w
it
h
c
a
s
e
I
,
w
hi
c
h
doe
s
not
us
e
R
P
A
,
c
a
s
e
I
I
ta
ke
s
a
f
a
r
s
hor
te
r
a
m
ount
of
ti
m
e
.
T
he
r
e
a
r
e
c
e
r
ta
in
f
a
c
to
r
s
li
ke
th
e
num
be
r
of
to
p
ic
s
a
nd
th
e
e
xt
e
nt
of
t
he
c
ont
e
nt
s
houl
d
pr
e
s
e
nt
i
n e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
(
no
o
f
vi
d
e
os
)
w
il
l
de
te
r
m
in
e
how
m
uc
h t
im
e
w
il
l
be
ta
ke
n
f
or
pe
r
f
or
m
in
g
th
e
ta
s
k
in
bot
h
c
a
s
e
s
.
A
s
c
a
n
b
e
s
e
e
n
in
F
ig
ur
e
7,
th
e
bot
to
ok
17
s
e
c
onds
to
s
c
r
a
pe
a
nd
s
a
ve
th
e
f
in
di
ngs
of
750
Y
ou
T
ube
vi
de
o
s
in
to
a
n
E
xc
e
l
f
il
e
.
I
t
a
ls
o
m
a
na
ge
d
f
ol
de
r
s
a
nd
c
r
e
a
te
d
m
a
te
r
ia
l
f
or
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
.
I
n
c
ont
r
a
s
t,
hum
a
n
to
ok
70
s
e
c
onds
f
or
e
a
c
h
vi
de
o,
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
in
a
to
ta
l
o
f
ne
a
r
ly
2 hour
s
50 mi
nut
e
s
t
o e
xt
r
a
c
t
150 vide
oi
ds
a
ppr
oxi
m
a
te
l
y.
−
A
c
c
ur
a
c
y
:
th
e
num
be
r
of
vi
de
oi
ds
a
nd
c
ha
nne
l
na
m
e
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
s
ui
ta
bl
y
s
c
a
r
pe
d
f
r
om
Y
ouT
ube
in
th
e
s
pe
c
if
ic
E
xc
e
l
f
il
e
f
or
e
a
c
h
to
pi
c
de
te
r
m
in
e
s
th
e
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
l
e
ve
l.
B
e
c
a
us
e
of
th
e
ir
m
is
c
onc
e
pt
io
ns
,
hum
a
n
s
m
a
y m
a
ke
m
is
ta
ke
s
w
he
n doing j
obs
l
ik
e
r
e
a
di
ng f
il
e
c
ont
e
nt
, e
nt
e
r
in
g or
c
opyi
ng ma
te
r
ia
l
in
to
Y
ouT
ube
,
a
nd
put
ti
ng
da
ta
in
to
a
pr
e
c
is
e
f
il
e
.
T
hi
s
r
e
duc
e
s
th
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
'
s
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
in
c
a
s
e
I
.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
of
r
e
a
di
ng
m
a
te
r
ia
l
a
nd
s
to
r
in
g
da
ta
in
to
a
n
E
xc
e
l
f
il
e
w
hi
le
w
or
ki
ng
on
t
he
R
P
A
is
s
ubs
ta
nt
ia
ll
y
hi
ghe
r
w
he
n
done
by a
bot
(
i.
e
.
:
c
a
s
e
II
).
−
P
r
e
c
is
io
n:
th
e
bot
r
e
gul
a
r
ly
c
om
pl
e
te
s
ta
s
k
s
w
it
h
m
in
or
e
r
r
or
s
or
de
vi
a
ti
ons
f
r
om
th
e
in
te
nde
d
r
e
s
ul
t.
I
t
im
pl
ie
s
th
a
t
th
e
bot
'
s
pr
ogr
a
m
m
in
g,
a
lg
or
it
hm
,
o
r
de
c
is
io
n
-
m
a
ki
ng
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
a
r
e
w
e
ll
-
tu
ne
d
a
nd
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
i
n a
c
c
om
pl
is
hi
ng t
he
d
e
s
ir
e
d goa
ls
.
F
ig
ur
e
6. D
e
ve
lo
pe
d L
M
S
i
n M
oodl
e
w
it
h
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nks
opt
io
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
2044
-
2054
2052
F
ig
ur
e
7. E
xpor
te
d
lo
g of
e
nha
nc
e
d
L
M
S
bot
3.2.
C
om
p
u
t
at
io
n
al
c
om
p
le
xi
t
y
C
om
put
a
ti
ona
l
c
om
pl
e
xi
ty
in
th
e
c
ont
e
xt
of
U
iP
a
th
R
P
A
u
s
ua
ll
y
r
e
la
te
s
to
how
w
e
ll
th
e
bot
s
c
a
r
r
y
out
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
ta
s
ks
.
I
t
in
c
lu
de
s
th
in
gs
li
ke
ho
w
lo
ng
it
ta
ke
s
t
he
bot
to
do
a
ta
s
k,
how
w
e
ll
it
ha
ndl
e
s
e
r
r
or
s
,
how
s
c
a
la
bl
e
th
e
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
s
ol
ut
io
n
is
,
a
nd
how
w
e
ll
it
m
a
n
a
ge
s
bi
gge
r
d
a
ta
s
e
t
s
.
I
t'
s
c
r
uc
ia
l
to
r
e
m
e
m
be
r
th
a
t
th
e
c
om
put
a
ti
ona
l
c
om
pl
e
xi
ty
of
U
iP
a
th
R
P
A
bot
s
c
a
n
not
be
di
r
e
c
tl
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
e
d
us
in
g
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
c
om
put
a
ti
ona
l
a
na
ly
s
is
t
e
c
hni
que
s
l
ik
e
B
ig
O
not
a
ti
on. F
ig
ur
e
7 m
a
ke
s
i
t
e
vi
de
nt
t
ha
t
th
e
bo
t
to
ok 17
s
e
c
onds
to
m
a
na
ge
f
ol
de
r
s
, c
r
e
a
te
e
xt
e
r
na
l
li
nk ma
te
r
ia
l,
a
nd s
c
r
a
pe
a
nd s
a
ve
t
he
f
in
di
ngs
of
750 YouT
ube
vi
de
os
i
nt
o
a
n
E
xc
e
l
f
il
e
.
A
f
te
r
be
in
g
put
in
to
u
s
e
a
nd
e
va
lu
a
te
d
on
v
a
r
io
us
te
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
,
th
e
bot
r
e
li
a
bl
y
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
c
a
r
r
ie
s
out
th
e
a
s
s
ig
ne
d
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
.
I
t
c
ons
ta
nt
ly
w
or
ks
in
th
e
r
a
nge
of
17
to
23
s
e
c
ond
s
,
e
xhi
bi
ti
ng
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
.
4.
C
O
N
C
L
U
S
I
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
R
E
WORK
T
hi
s
pa
pe
r
de
a
ls
w
it
h
th
e
a
ut
om
a
ti
on
of
e
xt
e
r
na
l
c
ont
e
nt
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
f
or
L
M
S
.
A
ut
om
a
ti
on
r
e
duc
e
s
th
e
bur
de
n
on
e
duc
a
to
r
s
in
m
a
in
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[
1]
H
.
H
.
M
ul
j
o,
A
.
S
.
P
e
r
ba
ngs
a
,
a
nd
B
.
P
a
r
da
m
e
a
n,
“
O
nl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
ot
ot
ype
f
or
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
t
i
on,”
i
n
2017
I
n
t
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on
M
anage
m
e
nt
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
(
I
C
I
M
T
e
c
h)
,
N
ov.
2017,
pp.
49
–
53
,
doi
:
10.1109/
I
C
I
M
T
e
c
h.2017.8273510.
[
2]
P
.
B
r
a
df
or
d,
M
.
P
o
r
c
i
e
l
l
o,
N
.
B
a
l
kon,
a
nd
D
.
B
a
c
kus
,
“
T
he
bl
a
c
kboa
r
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
s
ys
t
e
m
:
T
he
be
a
l
l
a
nd
e
nd
a
l
l
i
n
e
duc
a
t
i
ona
l
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
on?
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
i
onal
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
,
vol
.
35,
no.
3,
pp
.
301
–
314,
M
a
r
.
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doi
:
10.2190/
X
137
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X
73
L
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5261
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5656.
[
3]
L
.
O
.
F
a
di
e
i
e
va
,
“
E
nha
nc
i
ng
a
da
pt
i
ve
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
w
i
t
h
M
oodl
e
’
s
m
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
E
duc
at
i
onal
D
i
m
e
ns
i
on
,
vol
.
5,
pp.
1
–
7,
S
e
p.
2021, doi
:
10.31812/
e
d.625.
[
4]
A
.
A
l
m
oba
r
r
a
z
,
“
U
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
on
of
Y
ouT
ube
a
s
a
n
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
r
e
s
our
c
e
t
o
s
up
por
t
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
c
our
s
e
s
,”
T
he
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
L
i
b
r
ar
y
,
vol
. 36, no. 1, pp. 71
–
81, F
e
b. 2018, doi
:
10.1108/
E
L
-
04
-
2016
-
0087.
[
5]
B
. A
s
hr
a
f
, “
T
e
a
c
hi
ng t
he
G
oogl
e
‐
e
ye
d Y
ouT
ube
ge
ne
r
a
t
i
on,”
E
duc
at
i
on +
T
r
ai
ni
ng
, vol
. 51, no. 5/
6, pp. 343
–
352, J
un. 2009, doi
:
10.1108/
00400910910987165.
[
6]
S
.
B
ur
ke
,
S
.
S
nyde
r
,
a
nd
R
.
R
a
ge
r
,
“
A
n
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
f
a
c
ul
t
y
us
a
ge
of
Y
ouT
ube
a
s
a
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
r
e
s
our
c
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
ne
t
J
our
nal
o
f
A
l
l
i
e
d H
e
al
t
h Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
and P
r
ac
t
i
c
e
, vol
. 7, no. 1, pp. 1
–
8, 2009, doi
:
10.46743
/
1540
-
580X
/
2009.1227.
[
7]
P
.
G
.
L
a
nge
,
“
I
nf
or
m
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
on
Y
ouT
ube
,”
i
n
T
he
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
E
nc
y
c
l
ope
di
a
of
M
e
di
a
L
i
t
e
r
ac
y
,
J
ohn
W
i
l
e
y
&
S
ons
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9781118978238.i
e
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[
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S
.
R
os
e
nt
ha
l
,
“
M
ot
i
va
t
i
ons
t
o
s
e
e
k
s
c
i
e
nc
e
vi
de
o
s
on
Y
ouT
ube
:
f
r
e
e
-
c
hoi
c
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
i
n
a
c
onne
c
t
e
d
s
oc
i
e
t
y,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
Sc
i
e
nc
e
E
duc
at
i
on, P
ar
t
B
, vol
. 8, no. 1, pp. 22
–
39, J
a
n. 2018, doi
:
1
0.1080/
21548455.2017.1371357.
[
9]
W
.
M
.
J
a
c
km
a
n
a
nd
P
.
R
obe
r
t
s
,
“
S
t
ude
nt
s
’
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
on
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
o
u
s
a
ge
a
s
a
n
e
-
r
e
s
our
c
e
i
n
t
he
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
c
l
a
s
s
r
oom
,
”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
i
onal
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
, vol
. 42, no. 3, pp. 273
–
296,
M
a
r
.
2014, doi
:
10.2190/
E
T
.42.3.
f
.
[
10]
J
.
B
r
ook,
“
T
he
a
f
f
or
da
nc
e
s
of
Y
ouT
ube
f
or
l
a
ngua
ge
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
t
e
a
c
hi
ng,”
H
aw
ai
i
P
ac
i
f
i
c
U
ni
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
T
E
SO
L
W
or
k
i
ng
P
ape
r
Se
r
i
e
s
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. 9, no. 1, pp. 1
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[
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F
.
S
.
A
l
ba
hl
a
l
,
“
T
he
i
m
pa
c
t
of
Y
ouT
ube
on
i
m
p
r
ovi
ng
s
e
c
onda
r
y
s
c
hool
s
t
u
de
nt
s
’
s
pe
a
ki
ng
s
ki
l
l
s
:
E
ngl
i
s
h
l
a
ngua
ge
t
e
a
c
he
r
s
’
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
,”
J
our
nal
of
A
ppl
i
e
d L
i
ngui
s
t
i
c
s
and L
anguage
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
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[
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E
.
S
ul
i
s
t
i
a
ni
ngs
i
h
a
nd
M
ukm
i
na
n,
“
T
he
u
s
e
of
Y
ouT
ube
a
s
a
ge
ogr
a
phy
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
s
our
c
e
i
n
hi
gh
s
c
hool
s
,”
i
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
h
e
3r
d I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
n
c
e
on C
u
r
r
e
nt
I
s
s
ue
s
i
n E
duc
at
i
on (
I
C
C
I
E
2018)
, 2019
, doi
:
10.2991/
i
c
c
i
e
-
18.2019.30.
[
13]
S
.
C
.
M
ukw
a
kungu,
E
.
M
.
B
a
ka
m
a
,
a
nd
C
.
M
bohw
a
,
“
T
he
us
e
of
c
us
t
om
i
z
e
d
Y
ouT
ube
vi
de
os
a
nd
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
t
he
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
non
-
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng s
t
ude
nt
s
r
e
gi
s
t
e
r
e
d i
n t
he
f
a
c
ul
t
y of
e
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng a
t
a
S
out
h A
f
r
i
c
a
n U
ni
ve
r
s
i
t
y,”
i
n
2019
I
E
E
E
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
I
ndus
t
r
i
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
M
anage
m
e
nt
(
I
E
E
M
)
,
2019,
pp.
204
–
208
,
doi
:
10.1109/
I
E
E
M
44572.2019.8978955.
[
14]
D
.
G
e
de
r
a
,
P
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J
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W
i
l
l
i
a
m
s
,
a
nd
N
.
W
r
i
ght
,
“
A
n
a
na
l
ys
i
s
of
M
oodl
e
i
n
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
a
t
i
ng
a
s
ync
hr
onous
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
i
n
a
f
u
l
l
y
onl
i
ne
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
c
our
s
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
ou
r
nal
of
Sc
i
e
n
c
e
and
A
ppl
i
e
d
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
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I
J
SA
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T
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R
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I
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yna
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S
e
r
hi
i
,
H
.
N
a
t
a
l
i
i
a
,
N
.
K
us
he
vs
ka
,
a
nd
S
.
T
e
t
i
a
na
,
“
I
nnova
t
i
ve
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
of
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
M
oodl
e
i
n
hi
ghe
r
pe
da
gogi
c
a
l
e
duc
a
t
i
on:
f
r
om
t
he
or
y
t
o
pa
c
t
i
c
e
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
Sc
i
e
nc
e
&
N
e
t
w
or
k
S
e
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ur
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t
y
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D
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u,
L
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C
a
r
t
e
r
,
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nd
J
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L
i
n,
“
T
ow
a
r
ds
c
onne
c
t
i
vi
s
m
:
e
xpl
or
i
ng
s
t
ude
nt
us
e
of
onl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
s
dur
i
ng
t
he
C
O
V
I
D
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19 pa
nde
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c
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nl
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ne
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t
ka
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B
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L
oc
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ood,
“
W
ha
t
’
s
on
t
he
i
nt
e
r
ne
t
f
or
f
l
i
ppi
ng
E
ngl
i
s
h
l
a
ngua
ge
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
on?
,”
T
E
SL
-
E
J
:
T
e
ac
hi
ng
E
ngl
i
s
h
as
a Se
c
ond or
F
or
e
i
gn L
anguage
-
T
he
E
l
e
c
t
r
oni
c
J
our
nal
f
or
E
ngl
i
s
h as
a S
e
c
ond L
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J
.
J
ung
a
nd
G
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K
i
m
,
“
E
xc
e
s
s
i
ve
Y
ouT
ube
u
s
a
ge
of
m
i
ddl
e
s
c
hool
boys
a
nd
i
nt
e
r
na
l
i
z
i
ng
a
nd
e
xt
e
r
na
l
i
z
i
ng
pr
obl
e
m
s
:
M
ode
r
a
t
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
of
s
oc
i
a
l
s
uppor
t
,”
J
our
nal
of
t
he
K
or
e
a A
c
ade
m
i
a
-
I
ndus
t
r
i
al
c
oop
e
r
at
i
on Soc
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e
t
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D
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upe
ndr
a
a
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A
m
i
l
i
a
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T
he
u
s
e
of
Y
ouT
ube
t
o
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
t
he
s
t
ude
nt
s
’
a
ut
onom
ous
l
e
a
r
ni
ng i
n t
he
onl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng s
i
t
ua
t
i
on
,
”
i
n
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
2nd
P
r
ogr
e
s
s
i
n
So
c
i
al
Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
H
u
m
ani
t
i
e
s
and
E
duc
at
i
on
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
Sy
m
pos
i
um
(
P
SSH
E
R
S
2020)
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2021
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doi
:
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a
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J
.
G
i
l
l
e
t
t
-
S
w
a
n,
“
T
he
c
ha
l
l
e
nge
s
of
onl
i
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng:
s
uppor
t
i
ng
a
nd
e
nga
gi
ng
t
he
i
s
ol
a
t
e
d
l
e
a
r
ne
r
,”
J
our
nal
of
L
e
ar
ni
ng
D
e
s
i
gn
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vol
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n. 2017, doi
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l
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[
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G
. L
a
s
s
o
-
R
odr
í
gue
z
a
nd
R
. G
i
l
-
H
e
r
r
e
r
a
, “
R
obot
i
c
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on a
ppl
i
e
d
t
o e
duc
a
t
i
on:
a
ne
w
ki
nd of
r
obot
t
e
a
c
he
r
?
,”
i
n
12t
h
annual
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
of
E
duc
at
i
on,
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
and
I
nn
ov
at
i
on
,
N
ov.
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i
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e
r
i
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[
22]
N
.
J
ha
,
D
.
P
r
a
s
ha
r
,
a
nd
A
.
N
a
gpa
l
,
“
C
om
bi
ni
ng
a
r
t
i
f
i
c
i
a
l
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
w
i
t
h
r
ob
ot
i
c
pr
oc
e
s
s
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
—
a
n
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on
a
ppr
oa
c
h,”
i
n
D
e
e
p
l
e
ar
ni
ng
and
bi
g
dat
a
f
or
i
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
t
r
an
s
por
t
at
i
on:
e
nabl
i
ng
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
and
f
ut
u
r
e
t
r
e
nds
,
S
pr
i
nge
r
,
2021,
pp. 245
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, doi
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10.1007/
978
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3
-
030
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65661
-
4_12.
[
23]
U
i
pa
t
h, “
U
i
P
a
t
h
-
a
ut
om
a
t
i
on pl
a
t
f
or
m
,”
U
i
P
at
h
. 2025. A
c
c
e
s
s
e
d:
M
a
r
. 11, 202
4. [
O
nl
i
ne
]
.
A
va
i
l
a
bl
e
:
ht
t
ps
:
/
/
w
w
w
.ui
pa
t
h.c
om
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