I
A
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n
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e
r
n
at
io
n
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
A
r
t
if
ic
ia
l
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
V
ol
.
14
, N
o.
3
,
J
une
2025
, pp.
1976
~
1988
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
,
D
O
I
:
10.11591/
ij
a
i.
v
14
.i
3
.pp
1976
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1988
1976
Jou
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al
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e
page
:
ht
tp
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//
ij
ai
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l
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.N
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. I
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,
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c
hnol
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a
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, I
ndi
a
A
r
t
ic
le
I
n
f
o
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
A
r
ti
c
le
h
is
to
r
y
:
R
e
c
e
iv
e
d
S
e
p 9, 2024
R
e
vi
s
e
d
D
e
s
10, 2024
A
c
c
e
pt
e
d
J
a
n 27, 2025
The
agricultural
sector
is
undergoing
a
transformative
journey
empowe
red
by
technologic
al
innovations.
In
this
context,
this
resear
ch
work
endea
vors
to
revolution
ize
the
agricultural
supply
chain
(ASC)
by
developing
a
comprehens
ive onl
ine plat
form that
connects
sellers,
farmers, and
cust
omers.
Through
meticulous
planning,
design,
and
implementation,
the
syste
m
aims
to
streamline
the
process
of
buying
and
selling
agri
cultural
products,
t
hereby
fostering
efficiency,
transparency
and
accessibil
ity.
The
key
features
include
user
registration,
product
management,
order
tracking,
and
blo
ck
chain
-
machine
learning
(ML)
based
transaction
security.
The
proposed
re
search
work'
s
success
hinges
on
thorough
testing
and
validation,
ensuri
ng
its
reliabilit
y
and
usabilit
y.
By
leveraging
technology
to
bridge
gaps
in
the
agricult
ural
ecosystem
,
this
proposed
work
seeks
to
empower
s
take
holders
and
contribute
to
the
sustainable
growth
of
the
agricultural
industry.
In
the
current
agricult
ural
landscape
in
India,
traceabili
ty
has
been
a
sign
ificant
challenge.
The ind
ustry l
acks
a comprehen
sive
system
that
p
rovides vi
sibili
ty
into
the
source
and
quality
of
produce.
Our
proposed
system
aims
to
a
ddress
the
shortcomings
of
the
existing
agricultural
ecosystem
by
introdu
cing
a
comprehens
ive
soluti
on
powered
by
blockchain
technology
and
advance
d
data processing techniques.
K
e
y
w
o
r
d
s
:
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
M
a
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
P
r
e
di
c
ti
ve
a
na
ly
s
is
S
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
T
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
This is an
open
acce
ss artic
le unde
r the
CC BY
-
SA
license.
C
or
r
e
s
pon
di
n
g A
u
th
or
:
S
hi
va
s
ha
nka
r
D
e
pa
r
tm
e
nt
of
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on S
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g,
G
lo
ba
l
A
c
a
de
m
y of
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
B
a
nga
lo
r
e
, I
ndi
a
E
m
a
il
:
dr
s
hi
va
s
ha
nka
r
@
ga
t.
a
c
.i
n
1.
I
N
T
R
O
D
U
C
T
I
O
N
T
he
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
in
du
s
tr
y,
a
c
or
ne
r
s
to
ne
of
I
ndi
a
'
s
e
c
onomy,
ha
s
l
ong
gr
a
ppl
e
d
w
it
h
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
r
a
ngi
ng
f
r
om
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
is
s
ue
s
to
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
in
c
r
op
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd
in
a
de
qua
te
c
r
op
in
s
ur
a
nc
e
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
A
n
in
nova
ti
ve
id
e
a
th
a
t
s
e
e
ks
to
us
e
c
ut
ti
ng
-
e
dge
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
to
r
e
vol
ut
io
ni
z
e
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
a
r
is
e
s
in
r
e
s
pons
e
to
th
e
s
e
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
.
T
hi
s
e
s
s
a
y
pr
ovi
de
s
a
n
in
s
i
ght
f
ul
ove
r
vi
e
w
of
th
is
a
m
bi
ti
ous
in
it
ia
ti
ve
,
out
li
ni
ng
it
s
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
,
m
e
th
odol
ogi
e
s
,
a
nd
th
e
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
in
f
lu
e
nc
e
it
a
s
pi
r
e
s
to
m
a
ke
.
I
n
th
e
ba
s
ic
id
e
a
of
th
is
e
nde
a
vor
li
e
s
th
e
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
of
th
e
pe
r
s
is
te
nt
pr
obl
e
m
of
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
w
it
hi
n
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
(
A
S
C
)
.
F
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
r
e
ta
il
e
r
s
,
a
nd
c
ons
um
e
r
s
of
te
n
f
in
d
th
e
m
s
e
lv
e
s
in
a
la
byr
in
th
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
y,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
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8938
B
lo
c
k
c
hai
n and mac
hi
ne
l
e
ar
ni
ng dr
i
v
e
n agr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
t
r
ans
fo
r
m
at
io
n f
r
am
e
w
or
k
t
o
…
(
Shi
v
as
hank
a
r
)
1977
hi
nde
r
in
g
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
f
os
te
r
in
g
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
.
T
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
th
is
is
s
ue
,
w
e
h
a
ve
da
ta
s
e
ts
to
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
s
y
s
te
m
.
T
he
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
,
r
e
ve
r
e
d
f
or
it
s
de
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
a
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im
m
ut
a
bl
e
n
a
tu
r
e
,
pr
om
is
e
s
to
of
f
e
r
a
s
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m
le
s
s
s
ol
ut
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n. T
h
is
s
ys
t
e
m
e
nvi
s
io
n
s
e
m
pow
e
r
in
g
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
to
tr
a
c
e
th
e
or
ig
in
a
nd
jo
ur
ne
y
of
c
r
ops
,
pr
ovi
di
ng
a
n
a
nt
id
ot
e
to
pr
e
va
il
in
g
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
s
ym
m
e
tr
y
a
nd
la
c
k
of
vi
s
ib
il
it
y.
T
hi
s
l
a
c
k
of
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
ha
s
r
e
s
ul
te
d
in
a
m
ul
ti
tu
de
of
pr
obl
e
m
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
f
ood
w
a
s
ta
g
e
,
in
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
in
th
e
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
,
a
nd
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
in
e
n
s
ur
in
g
th
e
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
qua
li
ty
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ts
.
T
he
a
b
s
e
nc
e
of
a
r
obus
t
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
s
y
s
te
m
ha
s
hi
nde
r
e
d
th
e
c
a
pa
c
it
y
f
or
tr
a
c
ki
ng
th
e
jo
ur
ne
y
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ts
f
r
om
th
e
f
a
r
m
to
th
e
c
on
s
um
e
r
,
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
in
th
e
lo
s
s
o
f
va
lu
a
bl
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
ont
r
ib
ut
in
g
to
th
e
pr
e
va
il
in
g c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
i
n t
he
i
ndus
tr
y.
A
ddi
ti
on
a
ll
y,
th
i
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k
s
e
ts
it
s
s
ig
ht
s
on
r
e
vol
u
ti
oni
z
in
g
th
e
e
x
is
ti
ng
c
r
op
in
s
ur
a
n
c
e
pa
r
a
di
gm
.
H
is
to
r
i
c
a
ll
y,
I
ndi
a
n
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
ha
v
e
f
a
c
e
d
ob
s
ta
c
le
s
in
a
c
c
e
s
s
in
g
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
a
nd
ti
m
e
ly
c
r
op
in
s
ur
a
n
c
e
.
B
lo
c
kc
h
a
in
e
m
e
r
g
e
s
a
s
a
be
a
c
on
of
hop
e
in
th
i
s
d
om
a
in
,
of
f
e
r
in
g
a
d
e
c
e
n
tr
a
li
z
e
d
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
.
S
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
,
a
ut
om
a
te
d
,
a
nd
tr
ig
ge
r
e
d
by
pr
e
d
e
f
in
e
d
c
ondi
ti
on
s
,
be
c
om
e
th
e
li
nc
hpi
n
of
th
i
s
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
o
n.
T
hr
o
ugh
th
i
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
th
e
pr
opo
s
e
d
w
or
k
a
im
s
to
s
tr
e
a
m
li
n
e
th
e
c
r
o
p
in
s
ur
a
nc
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
m
it
ig
a
ti
ng
de
l
a
ys
,
a
n
d
e
n
s
ur
in
g
s
w
if
t
c
om
p
e
n
s
a
ti
o
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f
or
f
a
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m
e
r
s
w
he
n
c
o
nf
r
ont
e
d
w
it
h
a
dve
r
s
it
ie
s
.
T
h
e
m
a
r
r
ia
g
e
of
de
e
p
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
(
D
L
)
te
c
hni
que
s
w
it
h
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gr
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a
c
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e
s
f
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m
s
a
not
h
e
r
c
or
ne
r
s
to
ne
of
th
is
in
it
ia
ti
ve
.
R
e
c
o
gni
z
i
ng
th
e
n
e
e
d
f
or
ti
m
e
ly
a
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c
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ur
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t
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s
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nt
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k
in
tr
oduc
e
s
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s
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s
t
ic
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t
e
d
m
o
de
l.
T
r
a
i
ne
d
o
n
va
s
t
d
a
ta
s
e
t
s
,
th
i
s
m
od
e
l
b
e
c
o
m
e
s
a
n
in
v
a
lu
a
bl
e
to
ol
f
or
f
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r
m
e
r
s
.
B
y
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ll
o
w
in
g
th
e
m
t
o
upl
oa
d
im
a
ge
s
f
or
a
n
a
ly
s
is
,
th
e
s
ys
te
m
f
a
c
i
l
it
a
t
e
s
e
a
r
ly
d
e
te
c
ti
on
of
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
a
nd
e
ns
ur
e
s
th
e
u
s
e
of
hi
gh
-
qua
li
ty
s
e
e
d
s
,
t
hus
f
or
ti
f
yi
ng
th
e
f
ound
a
ti
on
s
of
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
f
ul
c
ul
ti
v
a
ti
on.
T
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
in
e
f
f
ic
i
e
nc
i
e
s
in
b
us
in
e
s
s
-
to
-
c
ons
um
e
r
(
B
2B
)
de
a
li
ng
s
w
it
hi
n t
h
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
e
c
to
r
a
ls
o c
om
e
und
e
r
t
h
e
pur
vi
e
w
of
t
hi
s
vi
s
io
n
a
r
y r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
he
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
m
a
c
hi
ne
le
a
r
ni
ng
(
M
L
)
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
s
e
e
ks
to
di
s
m
a
nt
le
tr
a
di
ti
ona
l
in
te
r
m
e
di
a
r
ie
s
,
f
os
te
r
in
g
s
e
c
u
r
e
,
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
.
T
hi
s
not
onl
y
e
xpe
di
te
s
th
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
but
a
ls
o
e
ns
ur
e
s
th
a
t
bot
h
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
nd
r
e
ta
il
e
r
s
r
e
c
e
iv
e
f
a
ir
c
om
pe
ns
a
ti
on,
pr
om
ot
in
g
a
f
a
ir
e
r
a
nd
m
or
e
e
qui
ta
bl
e
e
c
onomi
c
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
.
C
r
op
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
,
of
te
n
a
c
om
pl
e
x
a
nd
m
ul
ti
f
a
c
e
t
e
d
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
f
in
ds
a
nov
e
l
s
ol
ut
io
n
th
r
ough
th
e
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
w
or
k
e
nvi
s
io
n
s
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
c
r
op
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
s
ys
te
m
w
he
r
e
vi
ta
l
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on,
in
c
lu
di
ng
s
e
e
d
or
ig
in
,
pl
a
nt
in
g
da
te
s
,
a
nd
ha
r
ve
s
t
yi
e
ld
s
,
is
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
s
to
r
e
d
on
th
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
.
T
hi
s
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
s
ope
nne
s
s
a
nd
is
a
us
e
f
ul
in
s
tr
um
e
nt
f
or
c
ont
r
ol
li
ng
a
nd
ke
e
pi
ng
a
n
e
ye
on
c
r
ops
a
t
e
v
e
r
y
s
ta
ge
of
th
e
ir
li
f
e
.
A
s
th
is
pr
opos
e
d
w
or
k
unf
ol
ds
,
it
e
nc
a
ps
ul
a
te
s
a
br
oa
de
r
vi
s
io
n
of
f
os
te
r
in
g
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
t
r
us
t
w
it
hi
n
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
in
dus
tr
y.
B
y
pr
ovi
d
in
g
e
nd c
ons
um
e
r
s
w
it
h t
he
a
bi
li
ty
t
o t
r
a
c
e
t
he
j
our
ne
y of
t
he
ir
f
oo
d f
r
om
s
e
e
d t
o
pl
a
te
, t
he
pr
opos
e
d w
or
k i
ns
ti
ll
s
c
onf
id
e
nc
e
a
nd pr
om
ot
e
s
s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
f
a
r
m
in
g pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
.
T
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
a
nd
ML
pr
e
di
c
ti
on,
w
it
h
it
s
in
he
r
e
nt
a
ut
he
nt
ic
it
y
a
nd
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y,
e
m
e
r
ge
s
a
s
th
e
c
a
ta
ly
s
t
f
or
us
he
r
in
g
in
a
ne
w
e
r
a
of
tr
us
t
a
nd
a
c
c
ount
a
bi
li
ty
.
I
n
c
onc
lu
s
io
n,
th
is
pr
opos
e
d
w
or
k
e
m
e
r
ge
s
a
s
a
be
a
c
on
of
in
nova
ti
on,
poi
s
e
d
to
pr
ope
l
th
e
I
ndi
a
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
i
ndus
t
r
y
in
to
a
f
ut
ur
e
de
f
in
e
d
by
t
r
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y,
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
a
nd
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
.
B
y
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
ly
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
bl
oc
k
c
ha
in
,
DL
,
a
nd
vi
s
io
na
r
y
m
e
th
odol
ogi
e
s
,
it
not
onl
y
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
s
lo
ngs
ta
ndi
ng
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
but
a
ls
o
la
y
s
th
e
gr
oundwor
k
f
or
a
m
or
e
r
e
s
i
li
e
nt
a
nd
m
ode
r
ni
z
e
d
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
e
c
to
r
.
A
s
th
e
s
un
r
is
e
s
on
th
is
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
r
e
na
is
s
a
nc
e
,
it
c
a
r
r
ie
s
th
e
hop
e
of
a
m
or
e
pr
om
is
in
g
a
nd s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
f
ut
ur
e
f
or
I
ndi
a
n a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
.
T
he
or
ga
ni
z
a
ti
on of
t
he
pa
pe
r
s
i
s
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
:
s
e
c
ti
on 1 pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
i
nt
r
oduc
ti
on a
bout
t
he
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
in
dus
tr
y
a
nd
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
.
I
n
s
e
c
ti
on
2,
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
th
e
ol
d
m
e
th
ods
a
nd
r
e
c
e
nt
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
ks
r
e
l
a
te
d
to
bl
o
c
kc
ha
in
a
nd
ML
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
in
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
by
pr
ovi
di
ng
a
ut
he
nt
ic
it
y
a
nd
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y.
S
e
c
ti
on
3
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
de
s
ig
n
a
nd
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
a
nd
ML
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k.
I
n
s
e
c
ti
on
4,
de
s
c
r
ib
e
s
th
e
r
e
s
ul
t
a
nd
di
s
c
us
s
io
n
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k.
F
in
a
ll
y,
th
e
s
um
m
a
r
y
of
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
e
nha
nc
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
us
in
g bl
oc
kc
ha
in
a
nd
ML
dr
iv
e
n i
s
c
onc
lu
de
d.
2.
R
E
L
A
T
E
D
R
E
S
E
A
R
C
H
WO
R
K
O
F
B
L
O
C
K
C
H
A
I
N
A
N
D
M
A
C
H
I
N
E
L
E
A
R
N
I
N
G
A
G
R
I
C
U
L
T
U
R
A
L
T
R
A
N
S
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
F
R
A
M
E
WO
R
K
A
c
c
or
d
in
g t
o
S
h
a
hi
d
e
t
al
.
[
1]
,
th
e
s
tu
d
y a
n
d a
n
a
ly
s
is
de
m
on
s
tr
a
te
s
t
h
a
t
th
e
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d, v
e
r
if
ia
bl
e
,
a
nd
im
m
ut
a
bl
e
r
e
q
ui
r
e
m
e
nt
s
w
e
r
e
s
a
ti
s
f
ie
d
by
th
e
f
oot
r
a
il
bl
oc
k
c
ha
i
n
.
B
e
c
a
u
s
e
of
th
e
c
o
m
pl
e
x
pr
oc
e
dur
e
a
n
d
li
m
it
e
d
s
e
r
v
e
r
c
a
p
a
c
i
ty
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
pe
r
f
or
m
s
poor
ly
w
hi
le
h
a
ndl
in
g
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
pe
r
t
a
in
in
g
to
th
e
br
e
a
d
th
a
nd
de
pt
h
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
.
N
e
v
e
r
th
e
le
s
s
,
be
c
a
us
e
e
ve
r
y
tr
a
n
s
a
c
ti
on
is
lo
c
a
ll
y
ke
pt
,
v
e
r
if
ie
d,
a
nd
im
m
ut
a
bl
e
in
e
a
c
h
nod
e
,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
ha
s
a
c
c
e
s
s
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
i
on
b
e
ne
f
it
s
.
S
i
ngh
e
t
al
.
[
2]
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
d
a
c
om
pa
r
a
ti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
s
is
of
th
e
pr
e
vi
ou
s
pr
opo
s
e
d
w
or
ks
ba
s
e
d
o
n
bl
oc
k
c
ha
i
n.
T
h
e
be
n
e
f
it
s
a
n
d
n
e
g
a
ti
ve
m
a
r
k
s
o
f
th
e
pa
s
t
w
or
k
s
a
r
e
r
e
c
or
de
d
a
t
th
e
to
p
of
th
e
pr
io
r
it
y l
i
s
t
w
hi
le
gr
ow
in
g
s
u
c
h f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
s
.
F
ur
th
e
r
,
w
e
ha
v
e
t
a
lk
e
d
a
bout
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
a
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
i
n
s
tr
um
e
nt
s
f
or
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
a
nd
in
s
pe
c
te
d
c
on
c
e
i
va
bl
e
s
e
c
ur
it
y
a
s
s
a
ul
ts
a
nd
th
e
ir
a
ns
w
e
r
s
.
T
he
y
ha
ve
f
o
s
te
r
e
d
a
c
a
lc
ul
a
t
e
d
s
ys
te
m
of
f
ood
s
a
f
e
ty
t
r
a
c
e
a
bi
li
t
y s
ys
t
e
m
(
F
S
T
S
)
ut
il
i
z
in
g
bl
oc
k
c
ha
in
i
nnov
a
ti
on
t
ha
t
c
o
ve
r
s
a
ll
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
v
e
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
1976
-
1988
1978
A
n
a
ut
om
a
te
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
w
a
s
pr
opos
e
d
f
or
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
d
e
te
c
ti
ng
a
nd
c
la
s
s
if
yi
ng
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
f
r
om
a
s
uppl
ie
d
phot
ogr
a
ph
by
H
a
r
id
a
s
a
n
e
t
al
.
[
3]
.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
th
e
a
c
knowle
dgm
e
nt
of
r
ic
e
pl
a
nt
s
ic
kne
s
s
e
s
ta
ke
s
on
a
p
e
r
s
ona
l
c
om
put
e
r
(
PC
)
vi
s
io
n
-
ba
s
e
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h
th
a
t
ut
il
iz
e
s
th
e
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
of
pi
c
tu
r
e
ha
ndl
in
g,
a
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
in
te
ll
ig
e
nc
e
(
AI
)
,
a
nd
pr
of
ound
ge
tt
in
g
t
he
ha
ng
of
,
di
m
in
is
hi
ng
th
e
de
pe
nde
nc
e
on
c
us
to
m
a
r
y
te
c
hni
que
s
.
A
n
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
of
a
s
uppor
t
ve
c
to
r
m
a
c
hi
ne
(
S
V
M
)
c
la
s
s
if
ie
r
a
nd
c
onvolut
io
na
l
ne
ur
a
l
ne
twor
ks
(
C
N
N
)
a
r
e
us
e
d
to
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
a
nd
c
la
s
s
if
y
s
pe
c
if
ic
va
r
ie
ti
e
s
of
pa
ddy
pl
a
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
B
os
ona
a
nd
G
e
br
e
s
e
nbe
t
[
4]
.
T
hi
s
pa
p
e
r
i
nt
r
oduc
e
d t
he
c
on
s
e
que
nc
e
s
of
c
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
te
on r
e
c
ogni
z
a
bi
li
ty
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
i
n
s
id
e
a
gr
i
-
f
ood
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
s
(
A
F
S
C
s
)
th
a
t
c
oor
di
na
te
a
r
is
in
g
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
,
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
-
ba
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
r
e
nde
r
s
de
te
c
ta
bi
li
ty
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
ope
n
a
nd
unc
ha
ngi
ng.
A
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
-
ba
s
e
d
c
om
put
e
r
iz
e
d
r
e
c
ogni
z
a
bi
li
ty
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
li
ke
w
is
e
e
m
po
w
e
r
s
one
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
nd
e
xe
c
ut
e
a
d
e
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d,
c
ha
nge
le
s
s
,
s
tr
a
ig
ht
f
or
w
a
r
d,
ve
r
s
a
ti
le
,
a
nd
d
e
pe
nda
bl
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
in
w
hi
c
h
th
e
r
obot
iz
a
ti
on
of
c
yc
le
s
w
or
ks
w
it
h
th
e
c
he
c
ki
ng
of
c
ons
ta
nt
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
dyna
m
ic
c
yc
le
s
.
H
a
r
a
ka
nna
na
v
a
r
e
t
al
.
[
5]
s
ugge
s
te
d
m
ode
l
m
a
ke
s
us
e
of
pr
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
c
ont
our
tr
a
c
in
g,
hi
s
to
gr
a
m
e
qua
li
z
a
ti
on
(
HE
)
,
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lu
s
te
r
in
g,
a
nd
R
G
B
to
gr
a
ys
c
a
le
c
onve
r
s
io
n a
m
ong othe
r
c
om
put
e
r
vi
s
io
n t
e
c
hni
que
s
.
P
r
in
c
ip
le
c
om
pone
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
,
gr
a
y
-
le
ve
l
c
o
-
oc
c
ur
r
e
nc
e
m
a
tr
ix
(
G
L
C
M
)
,
a
nd
di
s
c
r
e
te
w
a
ve
le
t
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
r
e
t
hr
e
e
de
s
c
r
ip
to
r
s
t
ha
t
a
r
e
u
s
e
d t
o
e
xt
r
a
c
t
r
e
le
v
a
nt
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
f
r
om
l
e
a
f
s
a
m
pl
e
s
.
ML
t
e
c
hni
que
s
l
ik
e
S
V
M
,
k
-
ne
a
r
e
s
t
ne
ig
hbor
s
(
K
-
NN
)
,
a
nd
C
N
N
a
r
e
e
m
pl
oye
d
to
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ia
te
be
twe
e
n
le
a
ve
s
th
a
t
a
r
e
in
f
e
c
te
d
a
nd
th
os
e
th
a
t
a
r
e
not
.
E
ve
nt
ua
ll
y,
by
e
xt
r
a
c
ti
ng
im
por
ta
nt
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
is
ti
c
s
th
r
ough
f
us
io
n
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
,
th
e
m
ode
l
c
a
n be
f
ur
th
e
r
r
e
f
in
e
d a
nd t
e
s
te
d w
it
h a
ddi
ti
ona
l
da
ta
s
e
t
le
a
f
s
a
m
pl
e
s
. W
it
h gr
e
a
t
s
uc
c
e
s
s
,
th
e
s
ys
t
e
m
ha
s
us
e
d
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
a
nd
ML
a
lg
or
it
hm
s
to
th
e
he
a
lt
hc
a
r
e
i
ndus
tr
y
[
6]
.
T
hr
oughput,
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
r
e
s
pons
e
ti
m
e
,
la
te
nc
y,
a
nd
ot
he
r
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
m
e
tr
ic
s
w
e
r
e
us
e
d
in
a
n
um
be
r
of
te
s
ts
to
te
s
t
th
e
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ty
of
our
s
ys
te
m
.
O
ur
s
ys
te
m
'
s
s
im
ul
a
ti
on
f
in
di
ngs
in
di
c
a
te
th
a
t
it
pe
r
f
or
m
s
a
dm
ir
a
bl
y.
W
it
h
th
e
us
e
of
th
is
m
e
th
od,
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
bus
in
e
s
s
e
s
m
a
y
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
boos
t
th
e
ir
r
e
ve
nue
a
nd
s
ol
ve
th
e
is
s
ue
of
c
ount
e
r
f
e
it
m
e
di
c
a
ti
ons
.
T
he
A
I
is
th
e
f
ie
ld
th
a
t
br
id
ge
s
th
e
ga
p
be
twe
e
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
in
dus
tr
ie
s
a
nd
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
te
c
hnol
ogy
(
I
C
T
)
[
7]
.
A
I
a
lg
or
i
th
m
s
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
de
c
is
io
n
m
a
ki
ng.
T
he
two
to
p
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
s
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
a
r
e
M
L
a
nd
D
L
.
W
it
h
it
s
la
ye
r
s
a
nd
opt
im
iz
e
r
s
,
D
L
f
unc
ti
ons
s
im
il
a
r
ly
to
th
e
ne
ur
a
l
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
of
th
e
hum
a
n
br
a
in
,
a
s
s
i
s
ti
ng
in
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
of
a
de
p
e
nda
bl
e
m
ode
l
w
it
h
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
d
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y.
T
he
im
a
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
m
e
th
ods
u
s
e
d
in
th
e
w
or
k
[
8]
a
r
e
de
s
ig
ne
d
to
s
e
pa
r
a
te
a
nd
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
r
ic
e
gr
a
in
s
.
B
a
s
e
d
on
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
obt
a
in
e
d, i
t
c
a
n
be
s
ta
te
d
t
ha
t
a
n
a
ly
z
in
g gr
a
in
qu
a
li
ty
ba
s
e
d on
s
iz
e
m
a
y b
e
done
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
by
us
in
g
a
n i
m
a
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
te
c
hni
que
.
T
he
s
ugge
s
t
e
d
m
e
th
od'
s
pr
im
a
r
y
a
dva
n
ta
ge
is
th
a
t
it
pr
oduc
e
s
be
tt
e
r
out
c
om
e
s
th
a
n
m
a
nua
l
or
c
onve
nt
io
na
l
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
w
hi
le
r
e
qui
r
in
g
th
e
le
a
s
t
a
m
ount
of
ti
m
e
a
nd
m
one
y.
T
he
goa
l
of
th
is
w
or
k'
s
e
xpa
ns
io
n
is
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
s
ys
te
m
th
a
t
c
a
n
id
e
nt
if
y
r
ic
e
gr
a
in
s
a
c
c
or
di
ng
to
e
a
c
h
c
r
it
e
r
ia
,
he
nc
e
im
p
r
ovi
ng
r
ic
e
q
ua
li
ty
. S
uc
h a
m
e
th
od ought t
o be
l
e
s
s
e
xp
e
ns
iv
e
a
nd r
e
qui
r
e
l
e
s
s
t
im
e
f
or
qua
li
ty
a
na
ly
s
is
.
K
a
m
il
a
r
ie
s
e
t
al
.
[
9]
e
xpl
or
e
s
th
e
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
ve
pot
e
nt
ia
l
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
in
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
a
nd
f
ood
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
.
W
hi
le
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
pr
om
is
e
s
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y,
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
li
ke
te
c
hni
c
a
l
is
s
u
e
s
a
nd
th
e
ne
e
d
f
or
r
e
gul
a
to
r
y
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
hi
nde
r
a
dopt
io
n.
K
s
he
tr
i
e
t
al
.
[
10]
di
s
c
us
s
e
d
pr
opos
e
d
w
or
k
e
va
lu
a
te
s
ongoing
in
it
ia
ti
ve
s
a
nd
hi
ghl
ig
ht
s
th
e
c
om
pl
e
x
la
nds
c
a
pe
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
i
n
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
.
A
ddr
e
s
s
in
g
c
ha
ll
e
ng
e
s
in
f
a
ir
c
om
pe
ns
a
ti
on
f
or
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
th
e
pa
pe
r
pr
opos
e
s
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
in
I
ndi
a
n
s
uga
r
c
a
ne
f
a
r
m
in
g.
A
lg
or
it
h
m
s
a
nd
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
ts
out
li
ne
th
e
S
uga
r
C
ha
in
s
ys
te
m
,
pr
ovi
di
ng s
e
c
ur
e
a
n
d
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
f
or
us
e
r
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on,
lo
gi
n,
a
nd
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
,
a
im
in
g
to
e
m
pow
e
r
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
nd
e
li
m
in
a
te
in
te
r
m
e
di
a
r
ie
s
[
11]
f
oc
us
in
g
on
s
a
f
e
ty
a
nd
qua
li
ty
in
gl
oba
li
z
e
d
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
,
th
e
pa
pe
r
e
m
pl
oys
E
th
e
r
e
u
m
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
a
nd
s
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
f
or
s
oyb
e
a
n
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
.
S
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
gove
r
n
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
e
ns
ur
in
g
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
,
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
,
a
nd
s
e
c
ur
e
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
.
C
ha
ll
e
nge
s
r
e
m
a
in
,
but
t
he
s
ol
ut
io
n a
im
s
t
o a
ddr
e
s
s
c
om
pl
e
xi
ti
e
s
i
n
A
S
C
s.
J
a
ngi
r
e
t
al
.
[
12]
pr
opos
e
s
a
n
E
th
e
r
e
um
bl
oc
k
c
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
f
or
m
a
na
gi
ng
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
dr
iv
e
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
e
nha
nc
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y
,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
,
a
nd
s
u
s
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
th
e
pha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
,
a
ddr
e
s
s
in
g
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
t
r
us
t
is
s
ue
s
.
S
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
m
a
n
a
ge
va
r
io
us
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
,
e
nha
n
c
in
g
us
e
r
pr
iv
a
c
y,
qua
li
ty
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
pr
e
ve
nt
in
g
de
a
l
r
e
pudi
a
ti
on.
T
he
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
a
im
s
to
of
f
e
r
a
m
or
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
a
nd
tr
us
twor
th
y
p
ha
r
m
a
c
e
ut
ic
a
l
s
up
pl
y
c
ha
in
.
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
in
c
ur
r
e
nt
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
ys
te
m
s
[
13]
.
T
he
pa
pe
r
e
xpl
or
e
s
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
ons
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
,
e
m
pha
s
iz
in
g
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nc
y,
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
,
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y.
I
t
c
ove
r
s
te
c
hni
c
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
ts
,
a
ppl
ic
a
t
io
ns
,
a
nd c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
,
s
how
c
a
s
in
g
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
'
s
pot
e
nt
ia
l
in
e
nha
nc
in
g t
he
f
ood s
uppl
y c
ha
in
.
T
he
pos
t
-
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
s
c
e
na
r
io
il
lu
s
tr
a
te
s
th
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
o
n
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
.
R
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
in
g
a
nd
pr
e
c
is
io
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
by
Y
a
ng
[
14]
.
T
hi
s
a
r
ti
c
le
di
s
c
u
s
s
e
s
c
r
op
di
s
e
a
s
e
di
a
gnos
i
s
us
in
g
pr
e
c
is
io
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
a
nd
r
e
m
ot
e
s
e
ns
in
g
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
,
us
in
g
im
a
ge
r
y
to
m
a
p
c
ot
to
n
r
oot
r
ot
.
P
r
a
c
ti
c
a
l
gui
de
li
ne
s
be
ne
f
it
va
r
io
us
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
by
of
f
e
r
in
g
in
s
ig
ht
s
in
to
di
s
e
a
s
e
c
ont
r
ol
a
nd
e
nha
nc
in
g
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
pl
a
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
by
im
a
gi
ng
s
e
ns
or
[
15]
.
T
h
e
a
r
ti
c
le
e
m
ph
a
s
iz
e
s
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
gui
de
li
ne
s
f
or
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
,
ut
il
iz
in
g
im
a
gi
ng
s
e
ns
or
s
f
or
pl
a
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
e
te
c
ti
on.
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
in
te
gr
a
ti
on
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
pr
oduc
ti
vi
ty
a
nd
s
uppor
ts
th
e
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
of
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
pr
e
c
is
io
n
f
a
r
m
in
g.
P
la
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
a
nd
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
on
[
16]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
B
lo
c
k
c
hai
n and mac
hi
ne
l
e
ar
ni
ng dr
i
v
e
n agr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
t
r
ans
fo
r
m
at
io
n f
r
am
e
w
or
k
t
o
…
(
Shi
v
as
hank
a
r
)
1979
T
he
c
om
pr
e
he
n
s
iv
e
a
na
ly
s
is
f
oc
us
e
s
on
te
c
hni
que
s
f
or
pl
a
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
in
I
ndi
a
.
C
ove
r
in
g
va
r
io
us
a
s
pe
c
t
s
of
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
nd
m
ode
l
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on,
th
e
s
tu
dy
a
im
s
to
im
pr
ove
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
,
be
ne
f
it
ti
ng
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
nd
c
ont
r
ib
ut
in
g
to
f
ood
s
e
c
ur
it
y
[
17]
.
T
he
r
e
por
t
e
xa
m
in
e
s
pr
ope
ls
in
c
r
op
di
s
e
a
s
e
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on
w
it
h
unm
a
nne
d
a
e
r
ia
l
ve
hi
c
le
s
(
UAVs
)
a
nd
pr
of
ound
le
a
r
ni
ng
c
a
lc
ul
a
ti
on
s
.
I
t
a
c
c
e
nt
ua
te
s
th
e
m
e
a
ni
ng of
s
e
ns
or
s
a
nd
pi
c
tu
r
e
ha
ndl
in
g,
c
ha
r
a
c
te
r
iz
e
s
e
xi
s
ti
ng
e
xpl
or
a
ti
on,
a
nd a
s
s
e
s
s
e
s
th
e
e
xhi
bi
ti
on
of
A
I
a
nd
pr
of
ound
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
.
T
he
di
f
f
ic
ul
ti
e
s
,
a
m
a
z
in
g
ope
n
door
s
,
a
nd
e
xpl
or
a
ti
on
h
e
a
di
ngs
of
UAV
-
ba
s
e
d
r
e
m
ot
e
de
te
c
ti
ng
f
or
r
ur
a
l
s
ic
kne
s
s
lo
c
a
ti
on
a
r
e
e
x
a
m
in
e
d.
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
ha
s
b
e
e
n
us
e
d
to
id
e
nt
if
y
th
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
dr
iv
e
n
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
tr
a
ns
f
or
m
a
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
e
nha
nc
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y,
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
tr
a
c
k
pr
oduc
t
pr
ove
na
nc
e
by
c
a
pt
ur
in
g
i
nf
or
m
a
ti
on
on
pr
oduc
t
ow
ne
r
s
hi
p,
m
a
te
r
ia
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g, a
nd ma
te
r
ia
l
m
ove
m
e
nt
s
a
s
t
h
e
pr
oduc
t
f
lo
w
s
a
c
r
os
s
t
he
s
uppl
y c
ha
in
[
18]
.
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
is
a
di
s
tr
ib
ut
e
d
le
dge
r
th
a
t
ope
r
a
te
s
in
de
p
e
nde
nt
ly
of
a
c
e
nt
r
a
l
a
ut
hor
it
y
a
nd
m
a
ke
s
it
pos
s
ib
le
to
c
r
e
a
te
a
n
unc
ha
nge
a
bl
e
,
de
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
lo
g
of
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
th
a
t
c
a
n
be
tr
a
c
ke
d
dow
n
a
nd
ve
r
if
ie
d
[
19
]
a
nd
de
s
ig
ne
d
a
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
-
ba
s
e
d
A
S
C
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
pr
ovi
de
pr
oduc
t
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
,
w
hi
c
h
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
s
de
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
d
s
e
c
ur
it
y
f
or
th
e
a
gr
i
-
f
ood
tr
a
c
in
g
da
ta
in
A
S
C
s
.
A
nd
to
a
s
s
ur
a
nc
e
th
e
qua
li
ty
of
f
ood,
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
to
gua
r
a
nt
e
e
th
e
a
gr
i
-
f
ood
s
a
f
e
ty
w
it
h
pr
oduc
t
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
in
A
S
C
s
ys
te
m
s
.
T
h
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy
[
20]
–
[
22]
is
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
a
nd
f
ood
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
,
bl
oc
k
c
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy,
w
hi
c
h
a
ll
ow
s
f
or
im
m
ut
a
bl
e
a
nd
de
c
e
nt
r
a
li
z
e
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
.
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
li
ke
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
,
in
te
r
ne
t
of
th
in
gs
,
bi
g
da
ta
,
a
nd
AI
,
to
s
e
c
ur
e
da
ta
,
tr
a
n
s
a
c
ti
ons
,
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
a
nd
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
n
c
y.
T
he
a
c
c
ur
a
te
di
s
e
a
s
e
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
us
in
g
DL
te
c
hni
que
s
[
23]
,
[
24]
w
hi
c
h
m
a
na
ge
di
s
e
a
s
e
a
nd
to
he
lp
f
a
r
m
e
r
ne
e
ds
.
U
s
in
g
im
a
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g,
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
,
im
a
ge
c
la
s
s
if
ie
r
s
a
nd
pr
e
s
e
n
te
d
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
pr
ovi
de
m
a
ny
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
t
o i
m
pr
ove
t
he
s
e
c
to
r
[
25]
.
T
he
e
xpa
nde
d
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
of
ve
r
s
a
ti
le
br
oa
dba
nd
g
a
dge
ts
,
s
a
vvy
m
a
tr
ic
e
s
,
huge
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
e
xa
m
in
a
ti
on
a
nd
m
a
n
-
m
a
de
br
a
in
pow
e
r
gi
ve
a
ppa
r
a
tu
s
e
s
t
o
c
r
e
a
ti
ng
s
hr
e
w
d
c
ul
ti
va
ti
ng
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
ks
.
S
uppl
y
-
c
ha
in
m
ode
l
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
s
e
e
ds
c
e
r
ti
f
ic
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
m
oni
to
r
in
g
a
nd
s
upe
r
vi
s
io
n
of
th
e
g
r
a
in
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
pr
ove
na
nc
e
a
nd
a
s
opt
io
na
l
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
s
w
it
h
r
e
gul
a
to
r
y
bodi
e
s
,
lo
gi
s
ti
c
s
a
nd
f
in
a
nc
ia
l
s
e
r
vi
c
e
s
th
e
th
r
e
e
le
v
e
l
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
in
f
r
a
s
tr
uc
tu
r
e
a
nd
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
e
na
bl
e
d
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
s
uppor
ti
ng
[
26]
f
iv
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
c
ha
nne
ls
w
it
h
ni
ne
p
a
r
ti
c
ip
a
nt
s
a
nd s
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
.
B
lo
c
kc
ha
i
n
-
e
na
bl
e
d
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
m
ode
l
f
or
a
s
m
a
r
t
c
r
op
pr
oduc
ti
on
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k.
T
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
ba
s
e
d
onl
in
e
e
c
om
m
e
r
c
e
s
ys
t
e
m
[
27]
,
[
28]
in
w
hi
c
h
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
w
il
l
be
a
bl
e
to
upl
oa
d
a
nd
s
e
ll
th
e
ir
p
r
oduc
ts
to
pr
oc
e
s
s
or
c
om
pa
ni
e
s
or
di
s
tr
ib
ut
or
s
.
P
r
of
ound
s
uppor
t
le
a
r
ni
ng
is
a
n
A
I
a
nd
M
L
c
ons
c
io
us
ne
s
s
c
la
s
s
in
w
hi
c
h
s
hr
e
w
d
r
obot
s
c
a
n
ga
in
f
r
om
th
e
ir
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
s
im
il
a
r
ly
in
di
vi
dua
ls
a
ls
o.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
hi
s
pr
opos
e
d r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h w
or
k a
im
s
t
o
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
h
e
s
hor
tc
om
in
gs
of
t
he
e
xi
s
ti
ng a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
e
c
os
ys
te
m
by i
nt
r
oduc
in
g a
c
om
pr
e
he
n
s
iv
e
s
ol
ut
io
n powe
r
e
d by
bl
oc
kc
h
a
in
a
nd
ML
pr
e
di
c
ti
on t
e
c
hnol
ogy
a
nd a
dva
n
c
e
d
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g t
e
c
hni
que
s
.
‒
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
-
e
na
bl
e
d
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
:
t
he
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
in
tr
oduc
e
s
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
r
e
c
or
ds
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
jo
ur
ne
y
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ts
.
E
ve
r
y
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on,
f
r
om
s
e
e
d
or
ig
in
to
th
e
f
in
a
l
pr
oduc
t,
is
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
a
nd
im
m
ut
a
bl
y
s
to
r
e
d
on
th
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
,
p
r
ovi
di
ng
s
ta
ke
hol
d
e
r
s
w
it
h
a
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
a
nd t
r
a
c
e
a
bl
e
s
uppl
y c
h
a
in
.
‒
B
lo
c
kc
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
ys
te
m
:
to
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
nd
r
e
ta
il
e
r
s
,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
t
e
m
in
c
or
por
a
te
s
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
-
ba
s
e
d
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
o
n
m
e
c
ha
ni
s
m
.
T
hi
s
s
ys
te
m
e
li
m
in
a
te
s
in
te
r
m
e
di
a
r
ie
s
,
r
e
duc
in
g
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
c
os
ts
a
nd
de
la
y
s
.
I
t
e
ns
ur
e
s
s
e
c
ur
e
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
bus
in
e
s
s
-
to
-
bus
in
e
s
s
(
B
2B
)
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
, pr
om
ot
in
g f
a
ir
ne
s
s
i
n c
om
pe
n
s
a
ti
on f
or
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ts
.
‒
C
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
c
r
op ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
:
w
it
h
th
e
us
e
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
t
e
c
hnol
ogy, the
s
ugge
s
te
d s
ys
te
m
of
f
e
r
s
a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
c
r
op
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
s
e
c
ur
e
ly
s
to
r
e
s
a
nd
m
a
na
ge
s
c
r
op
li
f
e
c
yc
le
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on.
T
hi
s
gi
ve
s
f
a
r
m
e
r
u
s
e
f
ul
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
a
bout
how
to
m
a
na
g
e
t
he
ir
c
r
ops
,
w
hi
c
h
he
lp
s
th
e
m
m
a
k
e
w
i
s
e
de
c
is
io
ns
a
nd m
a
ke
t
he
be
s
t
us
e
of
t
he
ir
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
.
‒
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
a
dva
nc
e
d
t
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
:
a
dva
nc
e
d
te
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
D
L
a
nd
im
a
g
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
a
r
e
in
te
gr
a
te
d i
nt
o t
he
p
r
opos
e
d s
ys
te
m
. T
hi
s
a
ll
ow
s
f
or
e
a
r
ly
de
te
c
ti
on of
c
r
op dis
e
a
s
e
s
, a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
of
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
,
a
nd
ove
r
a
ll
im
p
r
ove
m
e
nt
in
c
r
op
he
a
lt
h
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
.
F
a
r
m
e
r
s
c
a
n
le
ve
r
a
ge
th
e
s
e
to
ol
s
f
o
r
pr
oa
c
ti
ve
m
e
a
s
ur
e
s
a
nd t
im
e
l
y i
nt
e
r
ve
nt
io
ns
.
‒
E
nha
nc
e
d
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
tr
us
t:
by
e
n
a
bl
in
g
e
nd
c
ons
um
e
r
s
to
tr
a
c
e
th
e
or
ig
in
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on
of
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ts
,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
a
im
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
tr
a
n
s
pa
r
e
nc
y
a
nd
bui
ld
tr
us
t
in
th
e
f
ood
s
uppl
y
c
ha
in
.
T
hi
s
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y
e
nc
our
a
ge
s
s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
f
a
r
m
in
g
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
a
nd
f
os
te
r
s
a
s
tr
onge
r
c
onne
c
ti
on
be
twe
e
n
pr
oduc
e
r
s
a
nd
c
on
s
um
e
r
s
.
I
n s
um
m
a
r
y,
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
s
ys
te
m
e
nvi
s
io
n
s
a
tr
a
n
s
f
or
m
a
ti
ve
s
hi
f
t
in
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
in
dus
tr
y,
a
ddr
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
c
ur
r
e
nt
c
ha
ll
e
nge
s
th
r
ough
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
te
c
hnol
ogy,
a
dva
nc
e
d
da
ta
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g, a
nd a
hol
i
s
ti
c
a
ppr
oa
c
h t
o c
r
op ma
na
ge
m
e
nt
a
nd t
r
a
c
e
a
bi
li
ty
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
1976
-
1988
1980
3.1.
D
at
a
c
ol
le
c
t
io
n
an
d
p
r
e
p
ar
at
io
n
T
he
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
f
or
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
is
f
i
r
s
t
I
ni
ti
a
ti
on
in
th
is
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k,
th
e
pr
oc
e
dur
e
f
or
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng a
nd pr
e
pa
r
a
ti
on a
r
e
m
e
nt
io
ne
d
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
:
‒
C
ol
le
c
ti
ng
th
e
di
ve
r
s
e
da
ta
s
e
t
of
hi
gh
-
r
e
s
ol
ut
io
n
im
a
ge
s
f
or
s
e
e
ds
a
nd
le
a
ve
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
va
r
io
us
qua
li
ty
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
ym
pt
om
s
.
E
ns
ur
e
th
e
d
a
ta
s
e
t
c
ove
r
s
a
w
id
e
r
a
nge
of
c
r
op
ty
pe
s
(
m
a
iz
e
,
r
ic
e
,
b
e
a
ns
,
c
ha
nna
,
a
nd
w
he
a
t)
a
nd
in
c
lu
de
s
bot
h
he
a
lt
hy
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
s
a
m
pl
e
s
.
P
r
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
th
e
im
a
ge
s
to
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
e
s
iz
e
, c
ol
or
, a
nd or
ie
nt
a
ti
on, a
nd a
ugm
e
nt
t
he
da
t
a
s
e
t
to
i
nc
r
e
a
s
e
it
s
di
ve
r
s
it
y a
nd r
obus
tn
e
s
s
;
‒
T
o
be
gi
n,
th
e
d
a
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
f
or
th
e
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
nd
l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k
in
vol
ve
s
s
our
c
in
g a
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
da
ta
s
e
t
of
hi
gh
-
r
e
s
ol
ut
io
n i
m
a
ge
s
. T
he
s
e
i
m
a
ge
s
m
us
t
e
nc
om
pa
s
s
a
w
id
e
a
r
r
a
y
of
qua
li
ty
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
f
or
s
e
e
ds
,
s
uc
h
a
s
s
iz
e
,
c
o
lo
r
,
a
nd
te
xt
ur
e
va
r
ia
ti
ons
,
a
s
w
e
ll
a
s
a
di
ve
r
s
e
r
a
nge
of
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
ym
pt
om
s
e
xhi
bi
te
d
on
le
a
ve
s
.
I
t
is
c
r
uc
ia
l
to
in
c
lu
de
s
a
m
pl
e
s
f
r
om
m
ul
ti
pl
e
c
r
op t
ype
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng
m
a
iz
e
,
r
ic
e
,
be
a
n
s
,
c
ha
nn
a
,
a
nd
w
he
a
t,
to
e
ns
ur
e
th
e
m
ode
l'
s
a
ppl
ic
a
bi
li
ty
a
c
r
os
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
c
ont
e
xt
s
.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
th
e
da
ta
s
e
t
s
houl
d
c
ons
is
t
of
bot
h
he
a
lt
hy
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
s
a
m
pl
e
s
to
e
na
bl
e
th
e
m
ode
l
to
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ia
te
be
twe
e
n t
he
t
w
o
;
‒
O
nc
e
th
e
im
a
ge
s
a
r
e
c
ol
le
c
te
d,
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
is
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
to
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
e
th
e
m
f
or
a
na
ly
s
is
.
T
hi
s
s
te
p
in
vol
ve
s
r
e
s
iz
in
g i
m
a
ge
s
t
o a
uni
f
or
m
s
iz
e
, a
dj
u
s
ti
ng c
ol
or
ba
la
nc
e
, a
nd e
n
s
ur
in
g c
ons
is
te
nt
or
ie
nt
a
ti
on t
o
e
li
m
in
a
te
a
ny
pot
e
nt
ia
l
bi
a
s
e
s
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
da
ta
a
ugm
e
nt
a
ti
o
n
te
c
hni
que
s
a
r
e
a
ppl
ie
d
to
th
e
da
ta
s
e
t
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
it
s
di
ve
r
s
it
y
a
nd
r
obus
tn
e
s
s
.
A
ugm
e
nt
a
ti
on
m
e
th
ods
s
uc
h
a
s
r
ot
a
ti
on,
f
li
ppi
ng,
a
nd
s
c
a
li
ng
he
lp
th
e
m
ode
l
ge
ne
r
a
li
z
e
be
tt
e
r
to
uns
e
e
n
da
ta
a
nd
im
pr
ove
it
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
in
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
.
O
ve
r
a
ll
,
th
is
m
e
ti
c
ul
ous
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
a
nd
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
s
ta
ge
la
ys
th
e
f
ounda
ti
on
f
or
th
e
s
ubs
e
que
nt
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
a
nd t
r
a
in
in
g of
t
he
C
N
N
m
ode
ls
f
or
s
e
e
d qu
a
li
ty
a
nd l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
;
a
nd
‒
T
he
di
ve
r
s
it
y
a
nd
qua
li
ty
of
th
e
da
ta
s
e
t
a
r
e
p
a
r
a
m
ount
to
th
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
,
a
s
th
e
y
di
r
e
c
tl
y
im
pa
c
t
th
e
m
ode
l'
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
a
c
c
ur
a
te
ly
id
e
nt
if
y
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
nd
de
te
c
t
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
.
B
y e
ns
ur
in
g t
he
da
ta
s
e
t
c
ove
r
s
a
w
id
e
r
a
ng
e
of
c
r
ops
, qua
li
ty
pa
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
, a
nd di
s
e
a
s
e
s
ym
pt
om
s
,
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
m
ode
ls
w
il
l
be
m
or
e
r
obus
t
a
nd
a
ppl
i
c
a
bl
e
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
io
us
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
s
e
tt
in
g
s
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
th
e
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
s
te
p
s
s
ta
nda
r
di
z
e
th
e
im
a
g
e
s
a
nd
a
ugm
e
nt
th
e
da
ta
s
e
t,
e
nh
a
nc
in
g
th
e
m
ode
l'
s
a
bi
li
ty
to
ge
n
e
r
a
li
z
e
a
nd
m
a
ke
a
c
c
ur
a
te
pr
e
di
c
ti
ons
.
T
h
is
m
e
ti
c
ul
ous
a
ppr
oa
c
h
to
da
ta
c
ol
le
c
ti
on
a
nd pr
e
pa
r
a
ti
on i
s
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
de
ve
lo
pi
ng a
r
e
li
a
bl
e
a
nd e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
s
ys
t
e
m
f
or
s
e
e
d qu
a
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
nd
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on i
n a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
.
3.2
.
S
e
e
d
q
u
al
it
y d
e
t
e
c
t
io
n
m
od
u
le
F
or
th
e
Y
O
L
O
v5
im
p
le
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
th
e
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
de
te
c
ti
on
m
odul
e
,
th
e
in
it
ia
l
s
te
p
in
vol
ve
s
da
ta
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
to
e
ns
ur
e
th
a
t
th
e
s
e
e
d
im
a
ge
s
a
r
e
s
ui
ta
bl
e
f
or
a
na
ly
s
is
.
T
hi
s
in
c
lu
de
s
r
e
s
iz
in
g
th
e
im
a
ge
s
to
a
s
ta
nda
r
d
s
iz
e
a
nd
a
dj
us
ti
ng
th
e
c
ol
or
ba
la
nc
e
to
e
nha
nc
e
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
r
e
le
va
nt
to
qua
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
iz
e
,
c
ol
or
,
a
nd
te
xt
ur
e
.
A
ddi
ti
ona
ll
y,
da
ta
a
ugm
e
nt
a
ti
on
te
c
hni
que
s
a
r
e
a
ppl
ie
d
to
th
e
da
ta
s
e
t
to
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
it
s
di
ve
r
s
it
y
a
nd i
m
pr
ove
t
he
m
ode
l'
s
a
bi
li
ty
t
o ge
ne
r
a
li
z
e
t
o uns
e
e
n d
a
ta
.
‒
O
nc
e
th
e
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
is
c
om
pl
e
te
,
th
e
ne
xt
s
te
p
i
s
to
s
e
le
c
t
th
e
Y
O
L
O
v5
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
f
or
th
e
m
ode
l
.
Y
O
L
O
v5
is
a
s
ta
te
-
of
-
th
e
-
a
r
t
obj
e
c
t
de
te
c
ti
on
m
ode
l
known
f
or
it
s
s
pe
e
d
a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
m
a
ki
ng
it
w
e
ll
-
s
ui
te
d
f
or
th
e
ta
s
k
of
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
.
T
h
e
m
ode
l
is
th
e
n
tr
a
in
e
d
on
th
e
pr
e
-
p
r
oc
e
s
s
e
d
s
e
e
d
da
ta
s
e
t
us
in
g
tr
a
ns
f
e
r
le
a
r
ni
ng,
w
hi
c
h
a
ll
ow
s
th
e
m
ode
l
to
le
ve
r
a
ge
pr
e
-
tr
a
in
e
d
w
e
ig
ht
s
to
a
c
c
e
l
e
r
a
te
th
e
tr
a
in
in
g pr
oc
e
s
s
a
nd i
m
pr
ove
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
.
‒
A
f
te
r
tr
a
in
in
g,
th
e
m
ode
l
is
va
li
da
te
d
us
in
g
a
s
e
pa
r
a
te
te
s
t
da
ta
s
e
t
to
e
va
lu
a
te
it
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
.
A
ny
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
f
in
e
-
tu
ni
ng
is
done
to
im
pr
ove
th
e
m
ode
l'
s
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y
a
nd
r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
in
de
te
c
ti
ng
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
.
O
nc
e
th
e
m
od
e
l
ha
s
be
e
n
va
li
da
te
d
a
nd
f
in
e
-
tu
ne
d,
it
is
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
e
d
in
to
th
e
s
ys
te
m
f
or
a
ut
om
a
te
d
s
e
e
d
qu
a
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
.
T
hi
s
in
vol
ve
s
in
te
gr
a
ti
ng
th
e
m
ode
l
w
it
h
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
ba
c
ke
nd
to
pr
oc
e
s
s
upl
oa
de
d
s
e
e
d i
m
a
g
e
s
a
nd pr
ovi
de
qua
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
r
e
por
ts
t
o us
e
r
s
.
‒
F
in
a
ll
y
,
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
i
s
d
e
p
lo
y
e
d,
a
ll
o
w
i
ng
u
s
e
r
s
to
u
pl
o
a
d
s
e
e
d
im
a
g
e
s
f
or
a
ut
om
a
t
e
d
q
ua
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
.
C
o
nt
i
nuo
u
s
e
v
a
l
ua
ti
o
n
of
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
p
e
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
is
c
on
du
c
t
e
d
,
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng
f
e
e
d
ba
c
k
t
o
f
ur
th
e
r
r
e
f
i
ne
th
e
m
o
de
l
a
nd
im
pr
ov
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
o
ve
r
a
l
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
iv
e
n
e
s
s
.
T
hi
s
i
te
r
a
t
iv
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
of
tr
a
in
i
ng
,
v
a
li
da
ti
o
n,
i
m
pl
e
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n,
a
n
d
d
e
pl
oym
e
nt
e
n
s
ur
e
s
th
a
t
th
e
Y
O
L
O
v5
-
b
a
s
e
d
s
e
e
d
qua
li
t
y
de
t
e
c
ti
on
m
o
dul
e
pr
o
vi
d
e
s
a
c
c
ur
a
te
a
nd
r
e
l
ia
bl
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
,
ul
t
im
a
t
e
ly
e
nh
a
n
c
in
g
a
gr
ic
ul
t
ur
a
l
pr
od
uc
ti
v
i
ty
a
nd
s
u
s
t
a
in
a
b
il
it
y.
3.3
.
L
e
af
d
is
e
as
e
d
e
t
e
c
t
io
n
m
od
u
le
T
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
m
e
th
ods
f
or
t
he
de
te
c
ti
on of
l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
a
r
e
m
e
nt
io
ne
d
a
s
f
ol
lo
w
s
:
‒
P
r
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g:
p
r
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
le
a
f
im
a
ge
s
to
hi
ghl
ig
ht
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
y
m
pt
om
s
a
nd
e
nha
nc
e
im
a
ge
c
la
r
it
y.
T
hi
s
m
a
y
in
c
lu
de
r
e
s
iz
in
g
im
a
ge
s
,
a
dj
us
ti
ng
br
ig
ht
ne
s
s
a
nd
c
ont
r
a
s
t,
a
nd
a
ppl
yi
ng
f
i
lt
e
r
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
di
s
e
a
s
e
-
r
e
la
te
d pa
tt
e
r
ns
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
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nt
e
ll
I
S
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N
:
2252
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8938
B
lo
c
k
c
hai
n and mac
hi
ne
l
e
ar
ni
ng dr
i
v
e
n agr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
t
r
ans
fo
r
m
at
io
n f
r
am
e
w
or
k
t
o
…
(
Shi
v
as
hank
a
r
)
1981
‒
M
ode
l
s
e
l
e
c
ti
on:
c
hoos
e
a
C
N
N
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
s
ui
ta
bl
e
f
or
im
a
ge
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
on
ta
s
ks
,
pa
r
ti
c
ul
a
r
ly
f
or
id
e
nt
if
yi
ng
pl
a
nt
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
.
C
om
m
on
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
s
f
or
th
is
ta
s
k
in
c
lu
de
vi
s
ua
l
ge
om
e
tr
y
g
r
oup
(
V
G
G
)
,
R
e
s
N
e
t,
I
nc
e
pt
io
n, or
M
obi
le
N
e
t,
de
pe
ndi
ng on the
c
om
pl
e
xi
ty
a
nd c
om
put
a
ti
ona
l
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
a
va
il
a
bl
e
.
‒
T
r
a
in
in
g
:
t
r
a
in
th
e
s
e
le
c
t
e
d
C
N
N
m
od
e
l
o
n
th
e
pr
e
-
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
d
l
e
a
f
d
a
t
a
s
e
t.
U
ti
li
z
e
tr
a
n
s
f
e
r
l
e
a
r
n
in
g
b
y
in
it
ia
l
iz
in
g
th
e
m
o
de
l
w
it
h
w
e
ig
ht
s
f
r
o
m
a
pr
e
-
t
r
a
i
n
e
d
m
o
de
l
(
e
.g
.,
I
m
a
g
e
N
e
t)
to
i
m
pr
o
ve
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
pe
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
.
F
in
e
-
t
un
e
th
e
m
o
de
l
on
t
he
l
e
a
f
da
ta
s
e
t
t
o
a
d
a
p
t
it
to
t
he
s
p
e
c
if
i
c
c
h
a
r
a
c
te
r
i
s
ti
c
s
of
pl
a
n
t
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
.
‒
V
a
li
da
ti
on
a
nd
r
e
f
in
e
m
e
nt
:
va
li
da
te
th
e
tr
a
in
e
d
m
ode
l
us
in
g
a
s
e
pa
r
a
te
te
s
t
da
ta
s
e
t
to
e
va
lu
a
te
it
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
.
R
e
f
in
e
th
e
m
ode
l
by
a
dj
us
ti
ng
hyp
e
r
pa
r
a
m
e
te
r
s
a
nd
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
a
s
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
to
a
c
hi
e
ve
hi
gh a
c
c
ur
a
c
y a
nd r
e
li
a
bi
li
ty
i
n di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
.
‒
I
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
:
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
th
e
tr
a
in
e
d
C
N
N
m
ode
l
in
to
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
f
or
a
ut
om
a
te
d
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on.
I
nt
e
gr
a
te
th
e
m
ode
l
w
it
h
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
ba
c
ke
nd
to
pr
oc
e
s
s
u
pl
oa
de
d
le
a
f
im
a
ge
s
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on r
e
por
ts
.
‒
D
e
pl
o
ym
e
nt
a
n
d
e
v
a
lu
a
t
io
n
:
d
e
pl
oy
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
it
h
th
e
i
nt
e
gr
a
te
d
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n
m
o
de
l,
a
ll
ow
in
g
us
e
r
s
to
u
pl
o
a
d
l
e
a
f
i
m
a
ge
s
f
or
a
ut
om
a
t
e
d
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
e
t
e
c
ti
o
n.
C
on
ti
nuo
us
ly
e
va
lu
a
t
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
n
c
e
in
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
l
d
s
c
e
n
a
r
io
s
,
c
o
ll
e
c
t
in
g
f
e
e
db
a
c
k
to
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
e
f
in
e
th
e
m
od
e
l
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
ov
e
th
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
ov
e
r
a
ll
e
f
f
e
c
t
iv
e
n
e
s
s
. I
nt
e
gr
a
t
e
t
he
t
r
a
i
ne
d m
od
e
l
in
t
o t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
f
or
a
ut
o
m
a
t
e
d
l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
t
io
n
.
3.4
.
S
ys
t
e
m
in
t
e
gr
at
io
n
an
d
d
e
p
lo
ym
e
n
t
D
e
ve
lo
p
a
uni
f
ie
d
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
th
a
t
in
te
gr
a
te
s
th
e
s
e
e
d
qu
a
li
ty
a
n
d
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on
m
odul
e
s
in
to
a
s
in
gl
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
D
e
s
ig
n
a
us
e
r
-
f
r
ie
ndl
y
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
th
a
t
a
ll
ow
s
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
nd
a
gr
onomi
s
ts
to
e
a
s
il
y
upl
oa
d
s
e
e
d
a
nd
le
a
f
im
a
ge
s
f
or
a
na
ly
s
is
.
I
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ba
c
ke
nd
s
y
s
te
m
th
a
t
pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
upl
oa
d
e
d
im
a
ge
s
us
in
g
th
e
tr
a
in
e
d
C
N
N
m
ode
ls
a
nd
pr
ovi
de
s
d
e
ta
il
e
d
r
e
por
ts
on
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
ta
tu
s
.
D
e
pl
oy
th
e
s
ys
te
m
on
a
s
c
a
la
bl
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
t
o e
ns
ur
e
i
ts
a
c
c
e
s
s
ib
il
it
y a
nd us
a
bi
li
ty
f
or
a
w
id
e
r
a
nge
of
us
e
r
s
.
3.5
.
E
val
u
at
io
n
an
d
im
p
r
ove
m
e
n
t
C
ont
in
uous
ly
e
va
lu
a
te
th
e
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
in
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
s
c
e
na
r
io
s
,
c
ol
le
c
ti
ng
f
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
om
us
e
r
s
a
nd
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
.
M
oni
to
r
ke
y
m
e
tr
ic
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y,
s
pe
e
d,
a
nd
us
e
r
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
ti
on
to
id
e
nt
if
y
a
r
e
a
s
f
or
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
.
I
nc
or
por
a
te
f
e
e
dba
c
k
a
nd
in
s
ig
ht
s
ga
in
e
d
f
r
om
th
e
e
va
lu
a
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
'
s
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
a
nd u
s
a
bi
li
ty
ove
r
t
im
e
.
3.6
.
D
oc
u
m
e
n
t
at
io
n
a
nd
k
n
ow
le
d
ge
s
h
ar
in
g
D
oc
um
e
nt
th
e
e
nt
ir
e
m
e
th
odol
ogy,
in
c
lu
di
ng
da
ta
s
e
t
pr
e
pa
r
a
ti
on,
m
ode
l
s
e
le
c
ti
on,
tr
a
in
in
g,
a
nd
s
ys
te
m
de
pl
oym
e
nt
.
S
ha
r
e
th
e
f
in
di
ngs
,
in
s
ig
ht
s
,
a
nd
be
s
t
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
th
r
ough
publ
ic
a
ti
ons
,
pr
e
s
e
nt
a
ti
ons
,
a
nd
w
or
ks
hops
to
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
to
th
e
br
oa
de
r
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
om
m
uni
ty
.
P
r
ovi
de
c
om
pr
e
he
ns
iv
e
doc
um
e
nt
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
uppor
t
m
a
te
r
ia
ls
f
or
us
e
r
s
to
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
ut
il
iz
e
th
e
s
ys
te
m
f
or
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
nt
a
nd
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
de
te
c
ti
on i
n t
he
ir
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
a
c
ti
c
e
s
.
3.7
.
D
e
s
ig
n
of
m
ac
h
in
e
l
e
ar
n
in
g m
od
e
l
T
o
f
a
br
ic
a
te
a
m
a
c
hi
n
e
in
c
li
ni
n
g
m
od
e
l,
it
c
om
pr
is
e
s
of
two
s
t
a
ge
s
p
e
c
if
i
c
a
ll
y
te
s
ti
ng
a
nd
pr
e
p
a
r
in
g
s
ta
g
e
w
e
r
e
th
e
m
od
e
l
i
s
f
ir
s
t
pr
e
p
a
r
e
d a
nd a
n
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
i
s
gi
v
e
n
to
t
e
s
t
th
e
m
ode
l
w
hi
c
h
is
know
n
a
s
th
e
te
s
t
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
.
F
ig
ur
e
1
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
de
s
ig
n
of
A
I
m
ode
l.
T
he
m
o
de
l
c
om
pr
i
s
e
s
of
a
f
e
w
pi
c
tu
r
e
ha
ndl
in
g
s
te
p
s
,
f
or
e
xa
m
pl
e
,
pi
c
tu
r
e
obt
a
in
in
g
,
pi
c
tu
r
e
pr
e
-
ha
ndl
in
g,
di
vi
s
io
n
,
in
c
lu
d
e
e
xt
r
a
c
ti
on
,
a
nd
S
V
M
c
la
s
s
if
i
e
r
to
or
de
r
th
e
in
f
e
c
ti
ons
.
T
h
e
unh
e
a
lt
h
y
le
a
f
pi
c
tu
r
e
i
s
ga
i
ne
d
ut
il
i
z
in
g
th
e
c
a
m
e
r
a
,
th
e
pi
c
tu
r
e
is
pr
o
c
ur
e
d
f
r
om
a
s
pe
c
if
ic
u
ni
f
or
m
di
s
ta
n
c
e
w
it
h a
d
e
qua
te
l
ig
h
ti
ng f
or
l
e
a
r
ni
ng a
nd gr
o
upi
ng
. T
h
e
e
x
a
m
pl
e
pi
c
tu
r
e
s
of
t
h
e
unhe
a
lt
hy
le
a
ve
s
a
r
e
ga
t
he
r
e
d
a
nd
a
r
e
ut
il
i
z
e
d
in
pr
e
p
a
r
in
g
th
e
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k.
T
o
pr
e
p
a
r
e
a
nd
to
te
s
t
t
he
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k,
in
f
e
c
t
e
d
l
e
a
f
pi
c
tu
r
e
s
a
n
d
l
e
s
s
s
ol
id
pi
c
tu
r
e
s
a
r
e
t
a
ke
n.
T
h
e
pi
c
tu
r
e
s
w
il
l
b
e
put
a
w
a
y
in
s
o
m
e
s
t
a
nda
r
d
a
r
r
a
nge
m
e
nt
. T
he
b
a
c
kgr
o
und
of
th
e
pi
c
tu
r
e
o
ught
to
a
ppr
opr
i
a
t
e
ly
s
ta
nd
o
ut
f
r
om
th
e
s
ha
d
e
of
th
e
l
e
a
v
e
s
. T
he
le
a
f
s
ic
kne
s
s
da
t
a
s
e
t
i
s
m
a
de
w
it
h
bot
h
a
hi
gh
c
ont
r
a
s
t
s
e
tt
in
g
.
D
a
r
k
f
o
und
a
ti
on
pi
c
tu
r
e
s
a
r
e
u
s
e
d
f
or
il
ln
e
s
s
id
e
nt
if
i
c
a
ti
o
n on l
e
a
ve
s
i
n l
i
ght
of
th
e
f
a
c
t
th
a
t,
a
s
p
e
r
a
n
e
x
a
m
in
a
ti
on r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h, t
h
e
y yi
e
ld
unr
iv
a
l
e
d
out
c
o
m
e
s
.
3.8
.
I
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
g
r
i
c
u
l
t
u
r
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
u
s
i
n
g
b
l
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
a
n
d
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
m
o
d
e
l
F
ig
ur
e
1
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
th
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
m
odul
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
s
e
ll
e
r
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on,
s
e
ll
e
r
lo
gi
n,
a
dd
s
e
e
ds
,
vi
e
w
s
e
e
ds
, d
e
le
te
s
e
e
ds
,
a
nd vie
w
s
e
e
d
s
or
de
r
. T
he
s
e
m
odul
e
s
e
m
po
w
e
r
s
e
ll
e
r
s
t
o r
e
gi
s
te
r
on t
he
pl
a
tf
or
m
, m
a
na
ge
th
e
ir
in
ve
nt
or
y
of
s
e
e
ds
,
tr
a
c
k
or
de
r
s
,
a
nd
m
a
in
ta
in
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
c
om
m
uni
c
a
ti
on
w
it
h
buye
r
s
.
S
im
il
a
r
ly
,
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
a
r
e
pr
ovi
de
d
w
it
h
m
odul
e
s
in
c
lu
di
ng
f
a
r
m
e
r
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on,
f
a
r
m
e
r
lo
gi
n,
pur
c
ha
s
e
s
e
e
d,
a
dd
c
r
op,
vi
e
w
c
r
op,
de
le
te
c
r
op, vie
w
s
e
e
ds
or
de
r
, a
nd vie
w
c
r
op or
de
r
.
T
he
s
e
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
e
na
bl
e
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
t
o r
e
gi
s
te
r
, pur
c
ha
s
e
s
e
e
ds
,
l
is
t
th
e
ir
c
r
ops
f
or
s
a
le
, m
a
na
ge
c
r
op
in
ve
nt
or
y,
a
nd
m
oni
to
r
or
de
r
s
pl
a
c
e
d
f
or
th
e
ir
pr
oduc
ts
.
C
u
s
t
om
e
r
s
,
on
th
e
ot
he
r
ha
nd,
a
r
e
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
d
w
it
h
m
odul
e
s
l
ik
e
c
us
to
m
e
r
r
e
gi
s
tr
a
ti
on, c
us
to
m
e
r
l
ogi
n,
pur
c
ha
s
e
c
r
op, a
nd vie
w
c
r
op o
r
de
r
. T
he
s
e
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
e
m
pow
e
r
c
us
to
m
e
r
s
to
r
e
gi
s
te
r
,
pur
c
ha
s
e
c
r
ops
f
r
om
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
a
n
d
tr
a
c
k
th
e
ir
c
r
op
or
de
r
s
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
ly
.
I
n
a
ddi
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
1976
-
1988
1982
to
us
e
r
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
m
odul
e
s
,
our
p
r
opos
e
d
w
or
k
in
c
or
po
r
a
te
s
a
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
s
e
r
ve
r
,
w
hi
c
h
s
e
r
ve
s
a
s
a
s
e
c
ur
e
a
nd
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nt
le
dge
r
f
or
r
e
c
or
di
ng
a
ll
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
.
T
hi
s
e
ns
ur
e
s
da
ta
in
te
gr
it
y,
s
e
c
ur
it
y,
a
nd
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nc
y
in
a
ll
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
w
it
hi
n t
he
pl
a
tf
or
m
.
F
ig
ur
e
1.
T
he
pr
opos
e
d r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h w
or
k
s
ys
te
m
a
r
c
hi
te
c
tu
r
e
3.8.1
D
at
a
p
r
e
-
p
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g s
t
e
p
A
da
ta
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k'
s
"
s
tr
e
a
m
"
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
is
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
gr
a
phi
c
a
ll
y
by
a
n
in
f
o
r
m
a
ti
on
s
tr
e
a
m
out
l
in
e
(
I
S
O
)
.
I
n
f
or
m
a
ti
on
ha
ndl
in
g
(
o
r
ga
ni
z
e
d
pl
a
n)
pe
r
c
e
pt
io
n
is
one
m
or
e
us
e
f
or
I
S
O
s
.
I
nf
or
m
a
ti
on
th
in
gs
tr
a
ve
l
th
r
ough
a
n
in
te
r
io
r
in
te
r
a
c
ti
on
on
a
I
S
O
f
r
om
a
n
ou
ts
id
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
our
c
e
or
in
ne
r
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
to
r
e
to
a
n
out
e
r
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
in
k
or
in
w
a
r
d
in
f
or
m
a
ti
on
s
to
r
e
.
W
it
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
to
pl
a
nni
ng,
r
e
qu
e
s
ti
ng,
a
nd
w
he
th
e
r
c
yc
le
s
w
il
l
r
un
in
e
qua
l
or
c
ons
e
c
ut
iv
e
r
e
que
s
t,
a
I
S
O
of
f
e
r
s
no
da
ta
.
T
h
us
,
it
c
ont
r
a
s
ts
f
u
nda
m
e
nt
a
ll
y
f
r
om
a
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t,
w
hi
c
h
por
tr
a
ys
th
e
pr
ogr
e
s
s
io
n
of
c
ont
r
ol
th
r
ough
a
c
a
lc
ul
a
ti
on a
nd
te
ll
s
th
e
pe
r
us
e
r
w
ha
t
m
ove
s
w
il
l
be
m
a
de
,
w
he
n
th
e
y
w
il
l
ha
ppe
n,
a
nd
in
w
ha
t
r
e
que
s
t.
I
n
a
ny
c
a
s
e
,
a
f
lo
w
c
ha
r
t
doe
s
n'
t
de
te
r
m
in
e
th
e
k
in
ds
of
in
f
or
m
a
ti
o
n
th
a
t
w
il
l
be
pl
a
c
e
d i
nt
o a
nd
yi
e
ld
f
r
om
t
he
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k, w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
y w
il
l
s
ta
r
t
f
r
om
, go to, or
b
e
put
a
w
a
y.
T
he
s
e
s
ubt
le
ti
e
s
a
r
e
s
how
n on a
I
S
O
.
F
ig
ur
e
2
s
how
s
th
e
le
ve
l
z
e
r
o
da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
r
om
th
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
m
ode
l
de
pi
c
t
s
th
e
ove
r
a
ll
pi
c
tu
r
e
of
t
he
s
ta
ke
hol
d
e
r
s
i
n t
h
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
e
c
to
r
. F
ig
ur
e
3
s
how
s
t
he
le
ve
l
1 da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
r
om
t
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
m
ode
l
de
pi
c
ts
th
e
ove
r
a
ll
pi
c
tu
r
e
of
th
e
f
a
r
m
e
r
a
nd
s
e
e
d
s
e
ll
e
r
i
n
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
e
c
to
r
a
nd
th
e
ir
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
.
F
ig
ur
e
4
s
how
s
th
e
le
ve
l
2
da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
r
om
th
e
bl
o
c
k
c
ha
in
m
ode
l
de
pi
c
t
s
th
e
ov
e
r
a
ll
pi
c
tu
r
e
of
th
e
s
ta
ke
hol
de
r
s
i
n t
h
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
e
c
to
r
, t
he
c
onn
e
c
ti
on w
it
h t
he
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
s
e
r
ve
r
a
nd t
he
r
e
la
ti
on
s
hi
p of
f
a
r
m
e
r
a
nd
th
e
c
ons
um
e
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
5
s
how
s
th
e
da
t
a
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
r
o
m
th
e
ML
m
ode
l
de
pi
c
ts
th
e
w
or
ki
ng
of
a
ML
m
ode
l
th
a
t
is
us
e
d f
or
s
e
e
d
a
nd l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
a
n
a
ly
s
is
u
s
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d i
n t
he
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
s
e
c
to
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
2.
T
he
le
ve
l
z
e
r
o da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
pa
nt
s
S
e
e
d C
om
pa
ny/
S
e
l
l
e
r
F
a
r
m
e
r
C
ons
um
e
r
/
R
e
t
a
i
l
e
r
S
e
e
ds
C
r
ops
O
r
de
r
R
e
s
u
l
t
s
T
r
a
ns
a
c
t
i
ons
R
e
s
ul
t
s
A
s
s
e
t
s
B
l
oc
kc
ha
i
n N
e
t
w
or
ks
M
a
c
hi
ne
L
e
a
r
ni
ng M
ode
l
D
a
t
a
A
n
a
l
ys
i
s
D
a
t
a
pr
e
-
pr
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c
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s
s
i
ng
D
a
t
a
r
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pr
e
s
e
nt
a
t
i
on
D
a
t
a
s
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l
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t
i
on
D
a
t
a
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
&
t
e
s
t
i
n
g
D
i
s
e
a
s
e
s
de
t
e
c
t
i
on m
ode
l
T
r
a
i
ni
ng m
ode
l
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d
i
c
t
i
o
n
D
a
t
a
t
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t
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a
t
a
P
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
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n
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
I
nput
da
t
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
B
lo
c
k
c
hai
n and mac
hi
ne
l
e
ar
ni
ng dr
i
v
e
n agr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
t
r
ans
fo
r
m
at
io
n f
r
am
e
w
or
k
t
o
…
(
Shi
v
as
hank
a
r
)
1983
F
ig
ur
e
3.
T
he
le
ve
l
1 da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
F
ig
ur
e
4.
T
he
le
ve
l
2 da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
F
ig
ur
e
5.
T
he
da
ta
f
lo
w
di
a
gr
a
m
f
or
s
e
e
d a
na
ly
s
i
s
a
nd l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
T
a
bl
e
1
e
xhi
bi
ts
th
e
ty
pi
c
a
l
ga
s
c
ha
r
ge
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
of
th
e
be
tw
e
e
n
a
ut
hor
it
a
ti
ve
s
hr
e
w
d
a
gr
e
e
m
e
nt
.
a
ddI
te
m
(
)
,
buyI
te
m
(
)
a
nd
c
r
e
a
te
P
a
r
ti
c
ip
a
nt
(
)
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
c
ons
um
e
ga
s
e
xpe
ns
e
s
a
s
th
e
s
e
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
im
pa
c
t
th
e
c
ondi
ti
on
of
th
e
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
by
m
a
ki
ng
a
nd
c
ha
ngi
ng
th
e
da
t
a
c
onne
c
te
d
w
it
h
a
not
he
r
th
in
g
a
nd
m
e
m
be
r
.
F
ig
ur
e
5
s
how
s
how
m
u
c
h a
ppl
e
ut
il
iz
e
d on
t
he
of
f
c
h
a
nc
e
t
ha
t
a
n i
te
m
i
s
m
ove
d f
r
om
a
r
a
nc
he
r
t
o
a
c
li
e
nt
. T
o
li
s
t
hi
s
pr
oduc
e
a
va
il
a
bl
e
t
o be
pur
c
h
a
s
e
d,
t
he
r
a
nc
he
r
ut
il
iz
e
s
t
h
e
a
ddI
te
m
(
)
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
. O
th
e
r
c
lo
s
e
ly
i
nvol
ve
d
in
di
vi
dua
ls
c
a
ll
th
e
buyI
te
m
(
)
c
a
pa
bi
li
ty
,
w
hi
c
h
c
ha
nge
s
th
e
it
e
m
'
s
pr
opr
ie
to
r
s
hi
p.
T
he
ove
r
a
ll
a
ppl
e
c
o
s
t
of
1,48,056
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i
is
ne
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in
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ont
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a
dva
nt
a
ge
s
th
a
t
bl
oc
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a
nd
s
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
ts
br
in
g,
s
uc
h
a
s
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y, i
m
m
ut
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd a
ut
om
a
ti
on.
T
a
bl
e
1. C
o
s
ts
of
s
uppl
y c
h
a
in
s
m
a
r
t
c
ont
r
a
c
t
f
unc
ti
ons
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Wei
)
F
unc
t
i
on
E
xe
c
ut
i
on f
e
e
a
ddI
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m
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21
,
768 W
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que
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0 W
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m
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31
,
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i
c
r
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a
t
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P
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r
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i
c
i
pa
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s
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110
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i
4.
R
E
S
U
L
T
S
A
N
D
D
I
S
C
U
S
S
I
O
N
T
he
s
ys
te
m
e
ns
ur
e
s
s
e
c
ur
e
,
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nt
,
a
nd
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
of
s
e
e
d
tr
a
n
s
a
c
ti
ons
,
c
r
op
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
c
us
to
m
e
r
pur
c
ha
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
s
uc
c
e
s
s
f
ul
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
bl
oc
kc
ha
in
in
th
e
s
im
ul
a
ti
on
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
A
r
ti
f
I
nt
e
ll
,
V
ol
. 14, No. 3, J
une
2025
:
1976
-
1988
1984
e
nvi
r
onm
e
nt
s
ugge
s
t
s
th
a
t
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
c
oul
d
s
ig
ni
f
ic
a
nt
ly
im
pr
ov
e
r
e
a
l
-
w
or
ld
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
ope
r
a
ti
ons
,
pr
om
ot
in
g
tr
a
ns
pa
r
e
nc
y, e
f
f
ic
ie
nc
y, a
nd t
r
us
t
a
m
ong a
ll
s
t
a
ke
hol
de
r
s
.
‒
P
ur
c
ha
s
e
t
r
e
nds
:
w
e
ob
s
e
r
ve
d
va
r
io
us
p
a
tt
e
r
ns
in
pur
c
h
a
s
in
g
be
ha
vi
or
a
c
r
o
s
s
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
d
e
m
ogr
a
phi
c
gr
oups
. T
he
r
e
w
e
r
e
not
ic
e
a
bl
e
t
r
e
nds
i
n t
he
ty
pe
s
of
pr
oduc
ts
p
ur
c
ha
s
e
d a
nd
t
he
f
r
e
que
nc
y
of
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
s
‒
U
s
e
r
e
nga
g
e
m
e
nt
:
th
e
le
ve
l
of
u
s
e
r
e
ng
a
ge
m
e
nt
v
a
r
ie
d
a
m
ong dif
f
e
r
e
nt
us
e
r
c
a
te
gor
ie
s
,
in
c
lu
di
ng s
e
ll
e
r
s
,
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
a
nd
c
us
to
m
e
r
s
.
T
he
im
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on
of
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
le
d
to
a
not
a
bl
e
in
c
r
e
a
s
e
in
us
e
r
e
nga
g
e
m
e
nt
a
m
ong
s
e
ll
e
r
s
,
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
a
nd
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
us
e
r
-
f
r
ie
ndl
y
in
te
r
f
a
c
e
a
nd
in
tu
it
iv
e
de
s
ig
n
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
d
s
e
a
m
le
s
s
in
te
r
a
c
ti
ons
,
r
e
s
ul
ti
ng
in
hi
ghe
r
le
ve
ls
of
pa
r
ti
c
ip
a
ti
on
a
nd
a
c
ti
vi
ty
w
it
hi
n
th
e
pl
a
tf
o
r
m
.
S
om
e
us
e
r
s
in
te
r
a
c
te
d m
or
e
f
r
e
que
nt
ly
w
it
h t
he
pl
a
tf
or
m
, w
hi
le
ot
he
r
s
w
e
r
e
l
e
s
s
a
c
ti
v
e
.
‒
P
la
tf
or
m
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on
:
th
e
e
xt
e
nt
to
w
hi
c
h
us
e
r
s
ut
il
iz
e
d
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
of
th
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
di
f
f
e
r
e
d.
C
e
r
ta
in
f
unc
ti
ona
li
ti
e
s
, s
uc
h a
s
a
ddi
ng a
nd vie
w
in
g s
e
e
ds
or
c
r
ops
,
w
e
r
e
m
or
e
popula
r
a
m
ong us
e
r
s
.
‒
S
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
d
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
:
one
of
th
e
pr
im
a
r
y
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
of
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
k
is
to
s
tr
e
a
m
li
ne
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
w
it
hi
n
th
e
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
va
lu
e
c
ha
in
.
T
he
s
ys
te
m
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
f
a
c
il
it
a
te
d
buyi
ng
a
nd
s
e
ll
in
g
a
c
ti
vi
ti
e
s
, r
e
duc
in
g c
om
pl
e
xi
ti
e
s
a
nd i
ne
f
f
ic
ie
nc
ie
s
a
s
s
oc
i
a
te
d w
it
h t
r
a
di
ti
ona
l
m
e
th
ods
. A
s
a
r
e
s
ul
t,
us
e
r
s
r
e
por
te
d s
m
oot
he
r
a
nd mor
e
e
f
f
ic
ie
nt
t
r
a
ns
a
c
ti
on pr
oc
e
s
s
e
s
.
‒
I
m
pr
o
ve
d
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
:
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
c
y
i
n
a
gr
i
c
ul
tu
r
a
l
tr
a
ns
a
c
t
io
n
s
i
s
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
f
or
f
o
s
t
e
r
i
ng
tr
u
s
t
a
nd
a
c
c
o
unt
a
b
il
i
ty
a
m
o
ng
s
t
a
k
e
h
ol
d
e
r
s
.
T
he
s
y
s
te
m
'
s
i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on
of
bl
o
c
k
c
h
a
i
n
te
c
hno
lo
g
y
e
n
s
ur
e
d
tr
a
ns
p
a
r
e
nt
a
nd
t
a
m
p
e
r
-
pr
o
of
r
e
c
or
d
-
ke
e
p
in
g,
a
l
lo
w
in
g
u
s
e
r
s
t
o
a
c
c
e
s
s
r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
in
f
or
m
a
ti
o
n
on
tr
a
n
s
a
c
t
io
n
s
a
nd
pr
o
du
c
t
or
ig
i
n
s
.
T
hi
s
tr
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
nc
y
w
a
s
w
i
de
ly
a
ppr
e
c
ia
te
d b
y
u
s
e
r
s
a
nd
c
ont
r
i
bu
te
d t
o g
r
e
a
t
e
r
c
o
nf
id
e
nc
e
in
s
ys
te
m
.
‒
O
pt
im
iz
e
d
r
e
s
our
c
e
m
a
na
ge
m
e
nt
:
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
r
e
s
our
c
e
m
a
na
g
e
m
e
nt
i
s
e
s
s
e
nt
ia
l
f
or
m
a
xi
m
iz
in
g a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
pr
oduc
ti
vi
ty
a
nd
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
. T
he
s
y
s
te
m
pr
ovi
de
d
u
s
e
r
s
w
it
h
va
lu
a
bl
e
in
s
ig
ht
s
a
nd
to
ol
s
f
or
m
a
na
gi
ng
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
m
or
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
ly
,
s
uc
h
a
s
c
r
op
s
e
le
c
ti
on,
s
e
e
d
pr
oc
ur
e
m
e
nt
,
a
nd
in
ve
nt
or
y
m
a
n
a
ge
m
e
nt
.
B
y
opt
im
iz
in
g
r
e
s
our
c
e
a
ll
oc
a
ti
on
a
nd
ut
il
iz
a
ti
on,
us
e
r
s
w
e
r
e
a
bl
e
to
a
c
hi
e
ve
be
tt
e
r
out
c
om
e
s
a
nd
m
a
xi
m
iz
e
th
e
ir
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
a
l
yi
e
ld
.
‒
D
a
ta
-
dr
iv
e
n
de
c
is
io
n
m
a
ki
ng
:
da
ta
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
e
m
be
d
de
d
w
it
hi
n
th
e
s
ys
te
m
e
m
pow
e
r
e
d
us
e
r
s
to
m
a
ke
i
nf
or
m
e
d de
c
is
io
ns
ba
s
e
d on r
e
a
l
-
ti
m
e
i
ns
ig
ht
s
a
nd t
r
e
nds
. B
y l
e
ve
r
a
gi
ng da
ta
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
t
ool
s
, us
e
r
s
ga
in
e
d va
lu
a
bl
e
i
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
on ma
r
ke
t
de
m
a
nd, pr
ic
in
g t
r
e
nds
, a
nd c
ons
um
e
r
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
, e
na
bl
in
g t
he
m
to
a
da
pt
t
he
ir
s
tr
a
te
gi
e
s
a
nd of
f
e
r
in
gs
a
c
c
or
di
ngl
y
.
‒
F
e
e
dba
c
k
a
nd
s
ugge
s
ti
ons
:
w
e
c
ol
le
c
te
d
f
e
e
dba
c
k
f
r
om
us
e
r
s
r
e
ga
r
di
ng
th
e
ir
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
w
it
h
th
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
.
S
ugge
s
ti
ons
f
or
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
s
a
nd a
ddi
ti
ona
l
f
e
a
tu
r
e
s
w
e
r
e
pr
ovi
de
d
by
u
s
e
r
s
,
w
hi
c
h
c
a
n
be
va
lu
a
bl
e
f
or
f
ut
ur
e
i
te
r
a
ti
ons
of
t
he
a
tt
r
ib
ut
e
s
.
‒
O
ve
r
a
ll
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
:
th
e
pr
opos
e
d
w
or
k
a
c
hi
e
ve
d
it
s
obj
e
c
ti
ve
s
of
f
a
c
il
it
a
ti
ng
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
ons
be
twe
e
n
s
e
ll
e
r
s
,
f
a
r
m
e
r
s
,
a
nd
c
us
to
m
e
r
s
.
W
hi
le
th
e
r
e
w
e
r
e
a
r
e
a
s
f
or
im
pr
ove
m
e
nt
id
e
nt
if
ie
d,
th
e
ove
r
a
ll
pe
r
f
or
m
a
nc
e
of
t
he
pl
a
tf
or
m
w
a
s
s
a
ti
s
f
a
c
to
r
y
.
‒
F
ut
ur
e
c
ons
id
e
r
a
ti
ons
:
ba
s
e
d
on
th
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
a
nd
f
e
e
dba
c
k
obt
a
i
ne
d,
th
e
r
e
a
r
e
oppor
tu
ni
ti
e
s
f
or
e
nha
nc
in
g
th
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
f
ur
th
e
r
. F
ut
ur
e
i
te
r
a
ti
ons
m
a
y f
oc
us
on
a
ddr
e
s
s
in
g
us
e
r
c
onc
e
r
n
s
, i
m
pr
ovi
ng us
e
r
e
xpe
r
ie
nc
e
,
a
nd
e
xpa
ndi
ng
th
e
pl
a
tf
or
m
'
s
c
a
pa
bi
li
ti
e
s
.
B
y
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
g
th
e
s
e
r
e
s
ul
ts
in
s
im
pl
e
t
e
r
m
s
,
w
e
a
im
to
pr
ovi
de
a
c
le
a
r
unde
r
s
ta
ndi
ng of
t
he
obj
e
c
ti
ve
out
c
om
e
s
a
nd i
ns
ig
ht
s
ga
in
e
d f
r
om
t
he
i
m
pl
e
m
e
nt
a
ti
on pha
s
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
6
s
how
s
th
e
hom
e
pa
ge
of
th
e
w
e
b
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
a
s
bl
oc
k
c
ha
in
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
,
w
hi
c
h
ha
s
s
e
p
a
r
a
te
lo
gi
n
f
or
c
us
to
m
e
r
,
f
a
r
m
e
r
a
nd
s
e
ll
e
r
f
or
tr
a
ns
a
c
ti
on
pur
pos
e
.
F
ig
ur
e
7
s
how
s
th
e
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
m
odul
e
ope
ni
ng
f
r
om
a
but
to
n
on
th
e
w
e
b a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
li
nki
ng
to
th
is
ML
m
ode
l
th
a
t
pr
e
di
c
ts
le
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
s
a
nd
de
te
c
t
s
he
a
lt
hy
a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
l
e
a
ve
s
a
nd
r
e
m
e
di
e
s
f
or
di
s
e
a
s
e
d
le
a
v
e
s
.
F
i
gur
e
8
s
how
s
th
e
S
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
n
a
ly
s
is
m
odul
e
ope
ni
ng
f
r
om
a
but
to
n
on
th
e
w
e
b
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on
li
nki
ng
to
th
is
ML
m
ode
l
th
a
t
s
e
e
d
qua
li
ty
a
nd
de
te
c
ts
he
a
lt
hy
a
nd dis
e
a
s
e
d s
e
e
ds
f
or
f
a
r
m
e
r
t
o buy.
F
ig
ur
e
6.
T
he
home
pa
ge
of
t
he
m
ode
l
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lo
c
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hai
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hi
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l
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ar
ni
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i
v
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n agr
ic
ul
tu
r
al
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r
ans
fo
r
m
at
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n f
r
am
e
w
or
k
t
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(
Shi
v
as
hank
a
r
)
1985
F
ig
ur
e
7.
T
he
l
e
a
f
di
s
e
a
s
e
pr
e
di
c
ti
on
F
ig
ur
e
8.
T
he
s
e
e
d qu
a
li
ty
a
na
ly
s
is
F
ig
ur
e
9
s
ho
w
s
ho
w
m
u
c
h
c
r
o
p
-
a
ppl
e
ut
il
i
z
e
d
if
it
tr
a
ns
por
te
d
f
r
om
a
f
a
r
m
e
r
to
c
u
s
to
m
e
r
.
T
o
li
s
t
t
hi
s
pr
od
uc
e
a
v
a
il
a
b
le
t
o
b
e
p
ur
c
ha
s
e
d
,
th
e
f
a
r
m
e
r
ut
il
i
z
e
s
t
h
e
a
ddI
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m
(
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th
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in
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r
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s
t
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r
ti
e
s
c
a
ll
t
he
bu
yI
t
e
m
(
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,
w
hi
c
h
c
ha
ng
e
s
th
e
i
te
m
'
s
p
r
opr
ie
to
r
s
h
ip
.
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h
e
c
om
p
le
t
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a
ppl
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14
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it
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dv
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g
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c
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r
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m
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F
ig
ur
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uppl
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h
a
in
f
r
om
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