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f
th
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m
o
d
er
n
en
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g
y
lan
d
s
ca
p
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[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
As
th
e
g
lo
b
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d
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a
n
d
f
o
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lu
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co
n
tin
u
es to
r
is
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[
3
]
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
en
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g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
h
as b
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o
m
e
a
cr
itical
p
r
io
r
ity
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
.
B
atter
ies,
as th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
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s
,
ar
e
in
teg
r
al
to
a
v
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o
f
ap
p
licatio
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s
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f
r
o
m
p
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ta
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co
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u
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ics
to
lar
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-
s
ca
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in
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an
d
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to
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[
6
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[
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[
8
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,
[
9
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.
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m
ajo
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ch
allen
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in
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at
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tech
n
o
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y
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alan
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f
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m
a
x
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m
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u
tp
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with
t
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g
o
al
o
f
ex
ten
d
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n
g
b
atter
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life
s
p
an
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
Mo
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ito
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in
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ch
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b
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m
an
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s
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(
B
MS)
,
as
it
d
ir
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im
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[
1
2
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[
1
3
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.
T
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[
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4
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[
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5
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l
o
g
i
e
s
[
2
1
]
.
B
y
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
o
n
b
o
t
h
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
a
s
p
e
c
ts
o
f
B
MS
,
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
s
e
ek
s
t
o
f
i
n
d
s
o
l
u
ti
o
n
s
t
h
at
e
x
t
e
n
d
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
i
f
e
o
f
b
a
t
t
e
r
i
e
s
i
n
e
n
e
r
g
y
-
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
w
h
il
e
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
r
el
a
t
e
d
t
o
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
e
q
u
e
n
t
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
o
r
g
a
n
i
z
e
d
a
s
:
i
)
S
e
c
ti
o
n
2
o
u
t
l
i
n
e
s
t
h
e
h
a
r
d
w
a
r
e
a
n
d
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
i
n
te
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
B
MS
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
;
a
n
d
ii
)
S
ec
t
i
o
n
3
p
r
e
s
e
n
ts
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
a
n
d
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
l
i
f
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
;
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
u
m
m
a
r
i
z
e
s
k
e
y
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
i
r
i
m
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
s
t
ai
n
a
b
i
l
it
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
P
r
o
t
o
t
y
pe
des
cr
iptio
n
W
e
em
p
lo
y
ed
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
ele
ctr
o
n
ic
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
to
ef
f
ec
t
iv
ely
ex
ten
d
t
h
e
b
atter
y
'
s
life
s
p
an
an
d
ac
h
iev
e
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
lo
g
ical
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
en
ab
les
u
s
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
th
ese
o
p
tim
izat
io
n
m
eth
o
d
s
o
n
th
e
b
atter
y
'
s
lo
n
g
ev
ity
.
As s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
is
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
e
c
o
m
p
r
is
es
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
a
m
o
d
i
f
ied
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pro
Min
i
b
o
ar
d
o
p
er
atin
g
at
3
.
3
V
an
d
8
M
Hz,
a
p
u
m
p
,
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
a
to
r
,
a
liq
u
id
cr
y
s
tal
d
is
p
lay
(
L
C
D
)
an
d
/o
r
o
r
g
an
ic
lig
h
t
-
e
m
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
OL
E
D)
d
is
p
lay
,
a
p
o
ten
ti
o
m
eter
f
o
r
ad
j
u
s
tin
g
th
e
s
tar
tu
p
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
a
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
en
s
o
r
,
an
d
a
m
etal
-
o
x
id
e
-
s
em
ico
n
d
u
cto
r
f
ield
-
ef
f
ec
t
tr
an
s
is
to
r
(
MO
SF
E
T
)
tr
an
s
is
to
r
.
B
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
f
u
r
th
er
with
o
u
r
s
t
u
d
y
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
o
u
tlin
e
th
e
cr
iter
ia
th
at
g
u
id
ed
th
e
s
elec
t
io
n
o
f
th
e
A
r
d
u
in
o
Pro
Min
i b
o
ar
d
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
th
e
v
er
s
io
n
o
p
er
atin
g
at
3
.
3
V
a
n
d
8
MH
z
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
was u
s
ed
2
.
2
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n
b
et
wee
n Ar
du
ino
(
AT
M
E
G
A)
a
nd
ST
M
3
2
m
icro
co
ntr
o
llers
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pr
o
Min
i
8
MH
z
3
.
3
V
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
AT
ME
GA3
2
8
P
ar
ch
itectu
r
e,
was
i
n
itially
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
f
o
r
its
s
im
p
licity
,
lo
w
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
[
2
4
]
,
an
d
th
e
lar
g
e
co
m
m
u
n
ity
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
it
o
f
f
e
r
s
f
o
r
r
a
p
id
p
r
o
to
t
y
p
in
g
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
to
e
x
p
an
d
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
p
o
ten
tial
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
was
m
ad
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
/A
T
ME
GA
an
d
th
e
STM
3
2
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
W
h
ile
th
e
AT
ME
GA3
2
8
P
o
f
f
er
s
a
n
ad
eq
u
ate
b
alan
ce
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icie
n
cy
f
o
r
s
m
all
-
s
ca
le
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
it
lack
s
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
th
e
STM
3
2
.
T
h
e
STM
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
a
m
o
r
e
p
o
wer
f
u
l
o
p
tio
n
,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
m
o
d
e
s
,
ad
v
an
ce
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies,
an
d
b
etter
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
co
m
p
lex
task
s
,
m
ak
in
g
it
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
em
an
d
in
g
b
atter
y
m
a
n
ag
em
en
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Desp
ite
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
o
f
th
e
STM
3
2
,
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
/AT
ME
GA
was
s
elec
ted
f
o
r
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
u
e
t
o
its
s
im
p
licity
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e,
lo
w
co
s
t,
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ee
t
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
m
ay
co
n
s
id
er
im
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
th
e
STM
3
2
m
icr
o
co
n
t
r
o
ller
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
to
f
u
lly
lev
er
ag
e
its
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
a
n
d
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
o
we
r
in
en
e
r
g
y
-
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2.
3
.
Select
io
n o
f
pro
ce
s
s
ing
bo
a
rd
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
b
o
ar
d
p
r
io
r
itized
two
o
p
er
atio
n
al
m
o
d
es
to
m
in
im
ize
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
:
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
P
r
a
ctica
l a
p
p
lica
tio
n
o
f lith
iu
m
-
io
n
b
a
tter
y
ma
n
a
g
eme
n
t sys
tems:
h
ea
tin
g
s
yste
m
(
B
r
a
h
im
Zr
a
ib
i
)
1391
i)
Activ
e
m
o
d
e:
T
h
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
p
er
ates
f
u
lly
,
ex
ec
u
tin
g
co
d
e,
m
an
ag
in
g
in
p
u
t
s
/o
u
tp
u
ts
,
an
d
u
tili
zin
g
p
er
ip
h
e
r
als
s
u
ch
as
tim
er
s
an
d
s
er
ial
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
e
h
as
th
e
h
ig
h
est
p
o
we
r
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
ii)
Sleep
m
o
d
e:
C
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
s
elec
tiv
ely
d
is
ab
led
to
co
n
s
er
v
e
en
er
g
y
.
Key
m
o
d
es in
clu
d
e:
-
I
d
le
m
o
d
e:
C
en
tr
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
it (
C
PU
)
is
h
alted
wh
ile
p
er
ip
h
er
als r
em
ain
ac
tiv
e.
-
A
n
alo
g
-
to
-
d
ig
ital
co
n
v
e
r
ter
(
ADC
)
n
o
is
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
m
o
d
e
:
Kee
p
s
th
e
ADC
ac
tiv
e
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
an
alo
g
-
to
-
d
ig
ital c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
.
-
Po
wer
-
d
o
wn
m
o
d
e:
E
s
s
en
tial
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
lik
e
tim
er
s
o
r
in
ter
r
u
p
ts
r
em
ain
ac
tiv
e
wh
ile
m
o
s
t
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
o
f
f
.
-
Stan
d
b
y
m
o
d
e:
C
o
m
b
in
es lo
w
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
with
r
ap
i
d
wak
e
-
u
p
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies.
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
b
o
ar
d
s
led
t
o
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
an
o
p
tim
ized
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
o
d
el,
d
etailed
in
th
e
n
ex
t sectio
n
.
2
.
4
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
Arduin
o
b
o
a
rds
Var
io
u
s
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
o
d
els
we
r
e
ev
alu
ated
f
o
r
th
eir
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
o
t
h
ac
tiv
e
an
d
s
leep
m
o
d
es,
as su
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
l
e
1
[
2
2
]
.
Key
f
in
d
in
g
s
in
clu
d
e:
i)
Po
wer
v
ar
ian
ce
:
Pro
m
in
i
m
o
d
els
ex
h
ib
it
s
u
p
er
io
r
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
with
m
o
d
if
ied
Pr
o
Min
i
8
MH
z
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
o
n
ly
1
.
5
µA
in
s
lee
p
m
o
d
e
.
ii)
Vo
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
an
d
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
LED
)
i
m
p
ac
t:
Vo
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
an
d
L
E
D
d
io
d
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
cr
ea
s
e
p
o
wer
d
r
aw.
Fo
r
ex
am
p
le,
L
E
Ds ad
d
1
8
0
–
3
8
0
µA
,
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
esis
to
r
.
iii)
Op
tim
izatio
n
s
:
R
em
o
v
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
an
d
L
E
Ds
d
r
asti
ca
lly
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
m
ak
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Pr
o
Min
i 8
MH
z
an
id
ea
l c
h
o
ice
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Po
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
a
r
d
s
P
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
t
y
p
e
C
a
r
d
t
y
p
e
UNO
NANO
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
1
6
M
H
z
(5
V)
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
8
M
H
z
(
3
.
3
V)
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
8
M
H
z
mo
d
i
f
i
e
d
(
3
.
3
V)
A
w
a
k
e
S
l
e
e
p
A
w
a
k
e
S
l
e
e
p
A
w
a
k
e
S
l
e
e
p
A
w
a
k
e
S
l
e
e
p
A
w
a
k
e
S
l
e
e
p
U
S
B
38
mA
20
mA
29
mA
13
mA
P
i
n
5
V
o
r
3
.
3
V
(
f
o
r
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
8
M
H
z
)
25
mA
6
mA
27
mA
7
.
5
mA
24
mA
3
.
2
mA
5
.
6
mA
1
.
4
mA
--
1
.
5
µA
JA
C
K
o
r
V
I
N
P
i
n
(7
V
)
o
r
R
A
W
i
n
7
.
5
V
30
mA
11
mA
32
mA
1
2
.
5
mA
2
8
mA
3
.
2
2
mA
5
.
7
mA
1
.
5
mA
--
--
2
.
5
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n wit
h
e
x
is
t
ing
B
M
S
d
esig
n
s
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
a
class
ical
B
MS
as
a
b
aselin
e
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
im
p
ac
t
o
n
b
atter
y
life
s
p
an
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
s
ettin
g
s
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
d
em
o
n
s
tr
a
tes
th
e
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
o
p
tim
izin
g
b
atter
y
lo
n
g
ev
ity
u
s
in
g
lo
w
-
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
ic
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
Fu
tu
r
e
w
o
r
k
will
in
teg
r
ate
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
l
ea
r
n
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
a
h
y
b
r
id
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
co
n
v
o
lu
tio
n
al
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
C
NN)
,
l
o
n
g
s
h
o
r
t
-
ter
m
m
em
o
r
y
(
L
STM
)
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
a
n
d
d
e
ep
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
DNN)
[
2
]
.
T
h
ese
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
aim
to
en
h
an
ce
b
atter
y
h
ea
lth
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
an
d
ad
a
p
t
ch
a
r
g
e
-
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
cy
cles
in
r
ea
l
tim
e,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
o
v
er
th
e
class
ical
m
eth
o
d
.
W
h
ile
th
is
s
tu
d
y
d
o
es
n
o
t
d
ir
ec
tly
co
m
p
ete
with
ad
v
an
c
ed
B
MS
d
esig
n
s
,
it
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
s
tep
to
war
d
en
er
g
y
-
ef
f
icien
t
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
esear
ch
will
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
s
tr
ateg
ies to
f
u
r
th
er
o
p
tim
ize
b
atter
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
lo
n
g
ev
ity
in
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
2
.
6
.
Resul
t
s
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
id
e
n
tifie
d
s
ev
er
al
m
ea
s
u
r
es to
o
p
tim
ize
p
o
we
r
ef
f
i
cien
cy
:
i)
Har
d
war
e
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
:
-
Deso
ld
er
in
g
th
e
Po
wer
lig
h
t
-
em
itti
n
g
d
io
d
e
(
PW
R
L
E
D)
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lat
o
r
o
n
Ar
d
u
in
o
Nan
o
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
tan
d
b
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
to
9
0
µA
.
-
R
ep
lacin
g
Nan
o
with
a
m
o
d
if
i
ed
Pro
Min
i 8
MH
z
(
3
.
3
V)
r
ed
u
ce
d
s
tan
d
b
y
cu
r
r
en
t to
1
.
5
µ
A.
-
Switch
in
g
to
lo
w
-
d
r
o
p
o
u
t
r
eg
u
lato
r
s
(
L
DOs)
f
u
r
th
e
r
m
in
im
i
ze
d
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
ii)
So
f
twar
e
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
:
-
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
s
leep
m
o
d
es d
u
r
in
g
id
le
p
e
r
io
d
s
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
o
p
er
atio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
ea
d
in
g
s
)
.
iii)
B
atter
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
:
-
Usi
n
g
h
ig
h
-
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
atter
ies o
p
tim
ized
f
o
r
lo
w
-
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
o
p
e
r
atio
n
s
.
-
Pro
p
er
ly
s
izin
g
b
atter
ies to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
iv
)
C
h
ar
g
in
g
cir
cu
it in
te
g
r
atio
n
:
-
I
n
clu
d
in
g
a
T
P4
0
5
ch
ar
g
in
g
ci
r
cu
it f
o
r
e
f
f
icien
t b
atter
y
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
3
8
9
-
139
8
1392
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
m
o
d
if
ie
d
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pro
Min
i
ac
h
ie
v
ed
a
m
in
im
al
s
tan
d
b
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
1
.
5
µA
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
ex
ten
d
in
g
b
atter
y
life
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
en
t c
h
ap
ter
s
p
r
esen
t th
eo
r
etic
al
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
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alid
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n
s
o
f
th
ese
r
esu
lts
.
3.
E
XP
E
R
I
M
E
N
T
A
L
RE
SUL
T
S
3
.
1
.
P
o
wer
co
ns
um
ptio
n a
s
s
ess
m
ent
:
t
heo
re
t
ica
l st
ud
y
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
an
al
y
ze
d
t
h
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
th
e
Ar
d
u
in
o
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
w
h
en
p
o
wer
ed
b
y
a
b
atter
y
o
r
a
ce
ll.
Po
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
p
lay
s
a
cr
itical
r
o
le
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
y
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
es
ig
n
ed
to
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
b
u
r
n
er
au
to
m
atica
lly
b
ased
o
n
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
co
n
d
i
tio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
h
ar
d
war
e
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
al
o
n
g
with
th
eir
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
b
o
th
ac
tiv
e
an
d
s
tan
d
b
y
m
o
d
es.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
au
to
n
o
m
o
u
s
o
p
e
r
a
tio
n
f
o
r
3
m
o
n
th
s
with
1
0
ac
tiv
atio
n
s
tr
ig
g
er
ed
b
y
cr
itical
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
d
ay
s
,
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
co
n
d
it
io
n
s
wer
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
:
-
Activ
e
m
o
d
e
d
u
r
atio
n
:
1
7
s
e
co
n
d
s
p
er
ac
tiv
atio
n
(
8
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
u
m
p
an
d
9
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
)
,
an
d
2
7
s
ec
o
n
d
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
-
T
o
tal
ac
tiv
e
tim
e
: 1
0
ac
tiv
atio
n
s
o
v
er
3
m
o
n
t
h
s
.
-
Sleep
m
o
d
e
d
u
r
atio
n
: T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
tim
e
o
f
th
e
p
e
r
io
d
(
~
2
1
6
0
h
o
u
r
s
)
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Po
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
ac
tiv
e
an
d
s
leep
m
o
d
es
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
A
c
t
i
v
e
m
o
d
e
S
l
e
e
p
m
o
d
e
H
i
g
h
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
o
r
3
A
N
o
t
A
c
t
i
v
e
P
u
mp
2
0
0
mA
N
o
t
A
c
t
i
v
e
LC
D
1
6
×
2
2
.
5
mA
1
µ
A
LM
2
5
9
6
s
3
0
0
µ
A
2
5
0
µ
A
D
S
1
8
B
2
0
4
mA
1
µ
A
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
N
a
n
o
(
5
V
,
1
6
M
H
z
)
2
3
mA
9
mA
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
(
3
.
3
V
,
8
M
H
z
)
5
.
7
mA
1
.
5
mA
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
(
3
.
3
V
,
8
M
H
z
)
5
.
7
mA
1
.
5
µ
A
To
t
a
l
3
.
2
1
2
5
A
2
5
3
.
5
µ
A
W
e
an
aly
ze
d
th
e
to
tal
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
Ar
d
u
in
o
m
o
d
els
o
v
er
3
m
o
n
th
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
eir
b
atter
y
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
.
T
h
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
at
ter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
2
,
6
0
0
m
Ah
,
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
co
n
s
is
te
n
cy
ac
r
o
s
s
all
m
o
d
els.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
p
r
es
en
ted
in
T
ab
le
3
,
wh
ich
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
p
o
wer
d
em
an
d
s
a
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
b
atter
y
n
ee
d
s
f
o
r
ea
c
h
Ar
d
u
in
o
v
ar
ia
n
t.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
es
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
en
er
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
Ar
d
u
in
o
b
o
ar
d
s
.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
eir
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
u
s
er
s
ca
n
s
elec
t
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
u
itab
le
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
p
r
o
jects.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
h
i
g
h
lig
h
t
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
ch
o
o
s
in
g
th
e
r
ig
h
t
b
atter
y
ca
p
ac
ity
to
en
s
u
r
e
u
n
in
ter
r
u
p
ted
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
u
s
in
g
a
m
o
d
if
ied
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pro
Min
i
(
3
.
3
V,
8
MH
z)
d
r
am
atica
lly
r
ed
u
ce
s
to
tal
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
to
6
2
8
.
5
m
Ah
o
v
e
r
3
m
o
n
th
s
.
T
h
is
r
ed
u
ctio
n
m
ea
n
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
with
ju
s
t
o
n
e
2
,
6
0
0
m
Ah
b
atter
y
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
au
to
n
o
m
y
.
W
h
ile
th
eo
r
etica
l
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
an
in
itial
u
n
d
er
s
t
an
d
i
n
g
o
f
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
,
p
r
a
ctica
l
ex
p
er
im
en
tatio
n
o
f
f
er
s
d
ee
p
er
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
p
o
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
an
d
b
atter
y
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
C
a
se
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
m
o
d
e
l
To
t
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
(
3
m
o
n
t
h
s)
B
a
t
t
e
r
y
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
(2
,
6
0
0
mA
h
e
a
c
h
)
1
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
N
a
n
o
(
5
V
,
1
6
M
H
z
)
1
9
5
2
0
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9
4
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h
8
b
a
t
t
e
r
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e
s
2
A
r
d
u
i
n
o
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
(
3
.
3
V
,
8
M
H
z
)
3
8
6
5
.
2
6
mA
h
2
b
a
t
t
e
r
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e
s
3
M
o
d
i
f
i
e
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A
r
d
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i
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o
P
r
o
M
i
n
i
(
3
.
3
V
,
8
M
H
z
)
6
2
8
.
5
mA
h
1
b
a
t
t
e
r
y
3
.
2
.
P
o
wer
co
ns
um
ptio
n a
s
s
ess
m
ent
:
pra
ct
ica
l st
ud
y
T
o
v
alid
ate
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
p
r
ac
tical
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
wer
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
a
m
u
ltime
ter
an
d
a
DC
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
b
o
th
t
h
e
h
ig
h
-
v
o
l
tag
e
g
en
er
ato
r
an
d
th
e
p
u
m
p
v
ar
ied
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
ally
with
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
T
h
ese
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
d
o
c
u
m
en
t
ed
in
T
ab
le
4
f
o
r
r
ef
e
r
en
c
e.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
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m
p
o
n
en
ts
wer
e
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n
f
ig
u
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to
o
p
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r
ate
at
5
V
to
ass
es
s
th
eir
p
o
wer
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
ar
d
co
n
d
itio
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s
.
T
h
e
co
r
r
esp
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in
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co
n
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u
m
p
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ata,
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d
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etailed
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d
in
g
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o
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ch
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
t,
ar
e
s
u
m
m
ar
ized
i
n
T
ab
l
e
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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&
Dr
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s
t
I
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N:
2088
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8
6
9
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P
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io
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a
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1393
T
ab
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m
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ig
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2
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2
.
1
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1
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T
ab
le
5
.
Po
wer
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
s
y
s
tem
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
at
5
V
C
o
m
p
o
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t
A
c
t
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v
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o
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r
a
t
o
r
1
.
6
3
A
N
o
t
a
c
t
i
v
e
P
u
mp
1
0
0
mA
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o
t
a
c
t
i
v
e
LC
D
1
6
×
2
2
.
5
mA
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µ
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LM
2
5
9
6
s
3
0
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2
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D
S
1
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2
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r
d
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i
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n
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5
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1
6
M
H
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2
3
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9
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r
d
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M
i
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3
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3
V
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M
H
z
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5
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7
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5
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M
o
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M
H
z
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5
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5
µ
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To
t
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l
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7
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A
2
5
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5
µ
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Du
r
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g
s
y
s
tem
s
tar
tu
p
,
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
-
Pu
m
p
o
p
e
r
atio
n
(
8
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
: (
8
/3
6
0
0
)
×
(
0
.
1
+0
.
0
1
2
5
)
A
=
0
.
2
5
m
Ah
-
Hig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
en
er
ato
r
o
p
er
atio
n
(
9
s
ec
o
n
d
s
)
:
(
9
/3
6
0
0
)
×
(
1
.
6
3
+0
.
0
1
2
5
)
A
=
4
.
1
0
m
A
h
-
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pr
o
Min
i
o
p
er
atio
n
(
2
7
s
ec
o
n
d
s
,
with
o
u
t
p
u
m
p
an
d
h
ig
h
v
o
ltag
e
g
e
n
er
ato
r
)
:
(
2
7
/3
6
0
0
)
×
0
.
0
1
2
5
A
=
0
.
0
9
3
7
5
m
Ah
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
o
p
er
atio
n
al
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
th
e
p
o
wer
co
n
s
u
m
p
t
io
n
o
v
er
a
3
-
m
o
n
t
h
p
e
r
io
d
,
ass
u
m
in
g
1
0
s
y
s
tem
s
tar
tu
p
s
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
Ar
d
u
in
o
Pro
Min
i,
is
ca
lcu
lated
as f
o
llo
ws:
-
E
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
s
tan
d
b
y
m
o
d
e
= (
to
tal
tim
e
(3
m
o
n
th
s
)
-
to
tal
ac
tiv
e
tim
e
)
×
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
=
5
4
7
.
5
6
m
Ah
-
E
n
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
ac
tiv
e
m
o
d
e
:
4
4
.
4
3
7
5
m
Ah
-
T
o
tal
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
v
e
r
3
Mo
n
t
h
s
:
592
m
Ah
T
h
is
to
tal
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
ti
o
n
o
f
5
9
2
m
Ah
o
v
e
r
3
m
o
n
th
s
is
eq
u
iv
alen
t
to
u
s
in
g
o
n
e
r
ec
h
ar
g
ea
b
le
1
8
6
5
0
b
atter
y
(
2
6
0
0
m
Ah
ca
p
ac
ity
)
o
r
o
n
e
alk
alin
e
b
atter
y
(
2
8
0
0
m
Ah
ca
p
ac
i
ty
)
.
T
h
is
ass
ess
m
e
n
t
co
n
f
ir
m
s
th
at
th
e
m
o
d
if
ied
s
y
s
tem
ca
n
o
p
er
ate
e
f
f
icien
tly
with
m
in
im
al
b
atter
y
r
eq
u
i
r
em
en
ts
.
3
.
3
.
Va
lid
a
t
i
o
n a
nd
qu
a
ntif
ia
ble m
et
rics
T
o
s
u
b
s
tan
tiate
th
e
claim
s
m
a
d
e
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
we
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
q
u
an
tifia
b
le
v
alid
atio
n
m
et
r
ics
to
ass
ess
th
e
s
y
s
tem
's
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
m
etr
ics
in
clu
d
e
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
watts
o
v
er
tim
e)
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
(
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
with
a
ca
lib
r
ated
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
en
s
o
r
with
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
er
r
o
r
m
a
r
g
in
o
f
±
0
.
5
°C
)
,
b
u
r
n
er
ac
tiv
atio
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
(
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ac
tiv
atio
n
s
o
v
er
3
m
o
n
th
s
)
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
(
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
as
th
e
r
atio
o
f
u
s
ef
u
l
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
to
to
tal
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
ed
)
.
Sp
ec
i
f
ically
,
en
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
will
b
e
tr
ac
k
ed
o
v
er
a
d
ef
in
ed
p
e
r
io
d
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
's
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
tim
ize
p
o
wer
u
s
ag
e.
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
will
b
e
ev
alu
ated
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
r
ea
d
in
g
s
with
ca
lib
r
ated
s
en
s
o
r
s
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
B
u
r
n
er
ac
ti
v
atio
n
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
will
b
e
lo
g
g
e
d
o
v
er
a
3
-
m
o
n
th
p
er
io
d
t
o
ass
ess
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
r
es
p
o
n
s
iv
en
ess
to
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
.
Data
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
es
e
m
etr
ics
will
b
e
an
aly
ze
d
to
v
alid
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
d
esig
n
m
ee
ts
th
e
ex
p
ec
ted
g
o
als b
ef
o
r
e
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
to
th
e
b
atter
y
life
esti
m
atio
n
.
3
.
4
.
E
s
t
im
a
t
io
n o
f
ba
t
t
er
y
lif
e
f
o
r
a
re
a
l sy
s
t
em
(
printe
d c
ircuit
bo
a
rd
a
s
s
em
bly
)
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ev
alu
ates
th
e
s
y
s
tem
’
s
cu
r
r
en
t
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
o
wer
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
o
f
its
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
b
lo
ck
s
[
2
5
]
:
-
I
n
p
u
t
f
ilter
: Stab
ilizes p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
.
-
Mic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
: Co
r
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
an
d
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
a
k
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atter
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ased
o
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n
s
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m
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n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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4
I
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16
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2
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20
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u
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a)
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wo
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ed
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2
: Po
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th
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o
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p
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e
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ts
.
b)
Mic
r
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tr
o
ller
p
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wer
ass
u
m
p
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s
-
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itio
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: Co
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s
is
ten
t a
m
b
ien
t te
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GPI
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ased
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96
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m
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
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lec
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Dr
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s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.