I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
751
~
7
6
8
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
6
.
i
2
.
p
p
7
5
1
-
768
751
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
A review
of mo
de
ling
t
echni
ques a
nd struc
tural
top
o
lo
g
ies for
do
uble stato
r p
er
ma
nent
ma
g
net
ma
chines
F
it
hri Mu
lia
wa
t
i
1,
2
,
Su
ha
iri
Rizua
n Che
Ahm
a
d
1
,
Ra
j
a
No
r
F
irda
us
K
a
s
hfi
Ra
j
a
O
t
hm
a
n
3
,
Ya
na
wa
t
i Y
a
hy
a
4
,
T
a
j
ud
din
Nur
5
1
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
K
u
a
l
a
L
u
m
p
u
r
–
B
r
i
t
i
sh
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
(
U
n
i
K
L
–
B
M
I
)
,
S
e
l
a
n
g
o
r
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
2
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
t
u
d
y
P
r
o
g
r
a
m,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
,
I
b
n
K
h
a
l
d
u
n
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
,
B
o
g
o
r
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
si
a
3
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
a
n
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
i
T
e
k
n
i
k
a
l
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
M
e
l
a
k
a
,
M
e
l
a
k
a
,
M
a
l
a
y
si
a
4
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
S
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
i
K
u
a
l
a
L
u
m
p
u
r
–
B
r
i
t
i
sh
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
n
I
n
st
i
t
u
t
e
(
U
n
i
K
L
–
B
M
I
)
,
S
e
l
a
n
g
o
r
,
M
a
l
a
y
s
i
a
5
D
e
p
a
r
t
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
A
t
ma
Ja
y
a
C
a
t
h
o
l
i
c
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
,
Ja
k
a
r
t
a
,
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Sep
7
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
9
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
,
2
0
2
5
Th
is
stu
d
y
re
v
iew
s
th
e
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
m
e
n
ts
in
d
o
u
b
le
-
sta
to
r
p
e
rm
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
m
a
c
h
in
e
s
(DSP
M
M
)
wit
h
a
fo
c
u
s
o
n
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s,
d
e
sig
n
v
a
riatio
n
s,
a
n
d
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
o
p
ti
m
iza
ti
o
n
.
Th
e
re
se
a
rc
h
c
a
teg
o
rize
s
e
x
isti
n
g
DSP
M
M
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
,
in
c
lu
d
in
g
n
u
m
e
rica
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
li
k
e
fin
it
e
e
lem
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
(
F
EM
)
a
n
d
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
e
le
m
e
n
t
m
e
th
o
d
(BEM
)
,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
a
p
p
ro
a
c
h
e
s
su
c
h
a
s
a
n
a
l
y
ti
c
a
l
su
b
d
o
m
a
in
m
e
th
o
d
(AS
M
),
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
e
q
u
iv
a
len
t
c
ircu
it
(
M
EC)
,
a
n
d
M
a
x
we
ll
'
s
e
q
u
a
ti
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
(M
E
A).
Th
e
se
m
e
th
o
d
s
imp
r
o
v
e
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
l
a
c
c
u
ra
c
y
,
c
o
m
p
u
tati
o
n
a
l
e
fficie
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
a
d
d
re
ss
c
h
a
ll
e
n
g
e
s
li
k
e
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
sa
tu
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
in
t
e
ra
c
ti
o
n
s.
S
tru
c
tu
ra
l
i
n
n
o
v
a
ti
o
n
s,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
se
g
m
e
n
ted
ro
to
r
-
sta
t
o
r
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
s,
Ha
lb
a
c
h
a
rra
n
g
e
m
e
n
ts,
a
n
d
so
ft
c
o
m
p
o
sit
e
m
a
teria
ls,
e
n
h
a
n
c
e
to
rq
u
e
d
e
n
si
ty
,
re
d
u
c
e
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
rq
u
e
,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
ize
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
flu
x
d
istri
b
u
t
io
n
,
c
o
n
t
rib
u
ti
n
g
t
o
h
ig
h
e
r
e
n
e
rg
y
e
fficie
n
c
y
a
n
d
re
d
u
c
e
d
n
o
ise
.
S
u
p
p
o
rted
b
y
so
ftwa
re
to
o
ls l
ik
e
An
sy
s
M
a
x
we
ll
a
n
d
JMAG
-
d
e
sig
n
e
r,
t
h
is
stu
d
y
id
e
n
ti
fies
o
p
ti
m
a
l
DSP
M
M
c
o
n
fig
u
ra
ti
o
n
s
fo
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
a
p
p
l
ica
ti
o
n
s,
i
n
c
lu
d
in
g
e
lec
tri
c
v
e
h
icle
s
a
n
d
re
n
e
wa
b
le
e
n
e
rg
y
sy
ste
m
s.
Th
e
fi
n
d
i
n
g
s
e
m
p
h
a
siz
e
th
e
p
o
ten
ti
a
l
o
f
DSP
M
M
fo
r
e
fficie
n
t,
h
ig
h
-
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
e
l
e
c
tri
c
m
a
c
h
in
e
s wh
il
e
h
ig
h
l
ig
h
ti
n
g
th
e
n
e
e
d
fo
r
fu
rt
h
e
r
re
se
a
rc
h
o
n
tra
n
sie
n
t
e
ffe
c
ts
a
n
d
a
d
v
a
n
c
e
d
c
o
o
li
n
g
s
y
ste
m
s
to
imp
ro
v
e
t
h
e
rm
a
l
sta
b
il
it
y
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Desig
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
E
f
f
icien
cy
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
E
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
Halb
ac
h
ar
r
ay
Hy
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
s
T
o
r
q
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Su
h
air
i Ri
zu
an
C
h
e
Ah
m
ad
E
lectr
ical
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
Sectio
n
,
Un
iv
er
s
iti Ku
ala
L
u
m
p
u
r
–
B
r
itis
h
Ma
lay
s
ian
I
n
s
titu
te
(
Un
iKL
–
B
MI
)
B
atu
8
,
J
alan
Su
n
g
ai
Pu
s
u
,
5
3
1
0
0
Go
m
b
ak
,
Selan
g
o
r
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
E
m
ail:
s
u
h
air
ir
@
u
n
ik
l.e
d
u
.
m
y
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
e
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
ef
f
i
cie
n
t
a
n
d
s
u
s
ta
in
a
b
le
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
s
h
as
d
r
i
v
e
n
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
ts
i
n
el
ec
t
r
i
c
m
ac
h
i
n
e
te
ch
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
d
o
u
b
le
s
ta
to
r
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
ag
n
e
t
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
DSPM
M)
em
e
r
g
i
n
g
as
a
k
e
y
a
r
e
a
o
f
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
.
L
e
v
e
r
ag
in
g
a
d
u
al
-
s
ta
to
r
d
esi
g
n
,
DSPMM
e
n
h
a
n
ce
s
th
e
u
tili
za
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
l
u
x
,
l
ea
d
i
n
g
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
h
ig
h
er
p
o
we
r
d
en
s
it
y
,
l
o
we
r
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
le
,
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
lo
s
s
es
,
r
es
u
lt
in
g
i
n
g
r
e
ate
r
e
f
f
i
cie
n
c
y
,
l
o
we
r
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
p
er
ati
n
g
c
o
s
ts
[
1
]
.
O
p
t
im
i
ze
d
d
esi
g
n
s
en
a
b
le
DSPM
M
t
o
a
ch
i
e
v
e
lo
we
r
i
r
o
n
l
o
s
s
es
a
n
d
co
n
c
e
n
tr
at
ed
wi
n
d
i
n
g
s
,
f
u
r
th
e
r
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
p
o
w
er
d
e
n
s
it
y
an
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
c
ap
ac
it
y
[
2
]
.
I
ts
a
b
il
it
y
t
o
e
v
e
n
l
y
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
te
t
h
e
m
ag
n
e
tic
f
i
el
d
a
n
d
m
in
im
i
ze
m
a
g
n
eti
c
l
o
s
s
es
en
s
u
r
es
s
ta
b
l
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
is
t
en
t
p
o
we
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
DSPM
M
i
d
e
al
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
ap
p
li
ca
ti
o
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
win
d
t
u
r
b
i
n
es a
n
d
h
y
d
r
o
el
ec
tr
i
c
p
la
n
ts
[
3
]
-
[
6
]
.
A
d
d
iti
o
n
al
ly
,
i
t is wi
d
e
ly
u
s
ed
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
t
r
i
al
s
e
cto
r
s
f
o
r
ac
t
u
at
o
r
s
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
7
5
1
-
7
6
8
752
s
er
v
o
m
o
t
o
r
s
,
c
o
m
p
r
ess
o
r
s
,
a
n
d
e
q
u
ip
m
e
n
t
d
r
i
v
e
r
e
q
u
ir
in
g
p
r
ec
is
io
n
a
n
d
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
c
y
[
7
]
.
I
n
ele
ct
r
ic
v
e
h
i
cl
es
(
E
Vs
)
,
DSP
MM
s
er
v
es
as
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
e
d
r
i
v
e
m
o
t
o
r
,
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
h
ig
h
ef
f
i
ci
en
cy
a
n
d
p
o
we
r
d
e
n
s
it
y
n
ee
d
e
d
f
o
r
o
p
ti
m
al
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
,
wh
i
le
in
t
h
e
a
er
o
s
p
a
ce
s
ec
to
r
,
it
p
o
we
r
s
ac
t
u
at
o
r
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
f
u
el
p
u
m
p
s
,
an
d
f
l
ig
h
t
co
n
t
r
o
ls
,
m
ee
ti
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
m
a
n
d
s
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
in
w
ei
g
h
t
-
an
d
s
p
ac
e
-
c
o
n
s
tr
ai
n
e
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
ts
[
1
0
]
.
W
h
ile
DSPMM
o
f
f
er
s
m
an
y
ad
v
an
ta
g
es,
th
er
e
ar
e
s
till
s
o
m
e
ch
allen
g
es
i
n
ac
h
ie
v
in
g
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
A
h
m
ad
et
a
l
.
[
1
1
]
id
e
n
tifie
d
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
av
e
r
s
io
n
to
air
g
ap
s
,
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
b
etwe
en
s
tato
r
s
as th
e
m
ain
o
b
s
tacle
s
to
m
ax
im
izin
g
DSPMM
ef
f
icien
cy
,
as th
ey
in
h
ib
it
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
as
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
in
c
r
ea
s
es,
lead
in
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
m
ax
im
u
m
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
as
well
as
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
en
er
g
y
lo
s
s
.
Kim
et
a
l.
[
1
2
]
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
at
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
co
u
p
lin
g
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
s
ca
n
cr
ea
te
u
n
wan
ted
f
lu
x
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
o
p
er
atio
n
.
Gao
et
a
l.
[
1
3
]
s
u
b
m
itted
th
at
ir
o
n
lo
s
s
es,
in
clu
d
in
g
h
y
s
ter
e
s
is
lo
s
s
es
an
d
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
th
e
DS
PMM
d
esig
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
h
ig
h
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
t
h
e
two
s
tato
r
s
.
T
h
is
ef
f
ec
t a
f
f
ec
ts
ef
f
icien
c
y
at
h
ig
h
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
es h
i
g
h
-
q
u
ality
m
ag
n
etic
co
r
e
m
ater
ial
to
r
ed
u
ce
it.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
ir
o
n
l
o
s
s
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
tato
r
in
ter
ac
tio
n
to
r
ed
u
ce
f
lu
x
h
ar
m
o
n
ics,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
ef
f
icie
n
cy
,
th
is
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
iew
aim
s
to
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
an
aly
ze
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
in
-
d
ep
th
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
DSPMM,
s
o
as
to
s
o
lv
e
th
ese
p
r
o
b
lem
s
an
d
o
b
tain
a
h
ig
h
ly
ef
f
icien
t
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
-
o
r
ien
te
d
DSPMM
d
esig
n
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
s
ev
er
al
p
a
r
ts
,
p
a
r
t
1
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
p
ar
t
2
ca
teg
o
r
ize
a
n
d
ev
alu
ate
ex
is
tin
g
DSPMM
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
with
n
u
m
e
r
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
B
E
M)
o
r
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
as
well
as
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
s
u
ch
as
th
e
an
aly
tical
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
m
et
h
o
d
(
ASM)
m
eth
o
d
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
et
ic
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
c
u
it
(
ME
C
)
,
Ma
x
well's
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
(
ME
A
)
.
In
p
ar
t
3
,
t
h
is
r
ev
iew
will
e
x
p
lo
r
e
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
d
esig
n
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
f
DSPMM,
h
elp
in
g
t
o
id
en
tify
t
h
e
b
est
g
eo
m
et
r
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
s
tato
r
s
,
r
o
to
r
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
er
m
ag
n
etic
elem
en
ts
t
o
ar
r
i
v
e
at
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
th
at
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icien
cy
,
to
r
q
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
,
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ity
,
an
d
p
o
wer
d
en
s
ity
.
T
h
e
last
p
ar
t
is
th
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
r
esu
lts
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
.
I
t
is
h
o
p
ed
th
at
th
is
r
ev
iew
p
r
o
v
id
es a
b
asis
f
o
r
th
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
est
m
eth
o
d
,
th
er
e
b
y
o
b
tai
n
in
g
a
DSPMM
d
esig
n
th
at
h
as
h
ig
h
ef
f
icien
c
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
e
n
co
u
r
ag
es
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
f
o
r
a
wid
e
r
r
an
g
e
o
f
DSPMM
ap
p
licatio
n
s
in
v
ar
io
u
s
in
d
u
s
tr
ies.
2.
M
O
DE
L
L
I
NG
M
E
T
H
O
DS
I
n
a
DSPMM,
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
an
d
m
a
g
n
etic
f
iel
d
ar
e
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
q
u
a
n
titi
es
th
at
ca
n
b
e
o
b
ta
in
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
ap
p
lied
cu
r
r
e
n
t.
Ma
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
d
eter
m
in
in
g
en
g
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
ea
r
elec
tr
o
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
(
EMF
)
an
d
to
r
q
u
e.
A
n
aly
tical
m
o
d
els f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
ten
in
v
o
lv
e
s
o
l
v
in
g
p
a
r
tial
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
in
m
u
ltip
le
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
s
as in
(
1
)
an
d
(
2
)
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
ɸ
=
∫
.
(
1
)
W
h
er
e
ɸ
is
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
lu
x
,
B
is
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
d
en
s
ity
,
S
is
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ar
ea
th
r
o
u
g
h
wh
ich
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
lin
e
p
ass
es
,
an
d
d
S
is
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
ar
ea
v
ec
to
r
o
n
th
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
S.
T
o
o
b
t
ain
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
B
in
th
e
DSPMM,
we
ca
n
u
s
e
th
e
Ma
x
well
eq
u
atio
n
an
d
s
o
lv
e
th
e
L
ap
lace
/Po
is
s
o
n
eq
u
atio
n
f
o
r
ea
c
h
en
g
i
n
e
r
eg
io
n
,
tak
in
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t th
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
an
d
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
=
0
.
(
+
)
1
+
(
2
)
W
h
er
e
μ0
is
th
e
p
er
m
ea
b
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e,
H
is
th
e
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ie
ld
(
A/m
)
,
M
is
th
e
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
,
a
n
d
g
is
th
e
th
i
ck
n
ess
o
f
th
e
air
g
ap
(
m
)
.
R
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
lu
x
,
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
r
o
to
r
an
d
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
DSPMM
is
co
m
p
lex
a
n
d
g
en
er
ally
n
o
t
lin
ea
r
,
th
is
is
d
u
e
to
s
ev
er
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
s
u
ch
a
s
th
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
ef
f
ec
t
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
an
d
g
eo
m
etr
ic
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
r
atio
n
[
1
8
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
th
r
ee
-
p
h
ase
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
es,
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
DSPMM
ar
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
to
ass
ess
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
h
av
e
a
d
o
u
b
le
ce
n
tr
al
p
o
le
,
an
d
th
e
air
g
ap
in
th
e
e
n
g
in
e
c
an
n
o
t
s
p
r
ea
d
ev
e
n
ly
in
th
e
p
e
r
ip
h
er
al
d
ir
ec
tio
n
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
tr
ig
g
er
s
a
v
ar
iatio
n
in
th
e
f
lu
x
tr
ajec
to
r
y
d
im
en
s
io
n
at
th
e
air
g
a
p
,
r
esu
ltin
g
n
o
n
li
n
ea
r
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
f
lu
x
tr
ajec
t
o
r
y
a
n
d
th
e
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
.
DSPMM
r
e
g
u
lar
ly
o
p
er
ate
in
m
ag
n
etic
f
i
eld
s
atu
r
atio
n
to
r
ea
ch
h
i
g
h
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ities
th
at
ar
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
ts
.
Sev
e
r
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
c
ted
to
m
o
d
el
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
DSPMM
[
2
0
]
an
d
th
is
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
to
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
an
aly
s
is
is
g
r
o
u
p
e
d
in
to
two
ca
teg
o
r
ies,
n
am
ely
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
an
aly
s
is
an
d
a
n
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
an
aly
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
r
ev
iew
o
f m
o
d
ellin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l to
p
o
l
o
g
ies fo
r
…
(
F
ith
r
i Mu
lia
w
a
ti
)
753
2
.
1
.
N
um
er
ic
a
l m
et
ho
ds
a
na
ly
s
is
Nu
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
an
al
y
s
is
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
a
m
ajo
r
to
o
l
in
o
p
tim
izin
g
elec
tr
ical
m
ac
h
in
es,
as
well
as
in
DSPMM
wh
ich
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
i
ca
n
t
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic,
e
n
ab
lin
g
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
s
o
lv
in
g
o
f
co
m
p
le
x
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
aly
s
is
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
m
eth
o
d
s
m
o
s
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
u
s
ed
in
n
u
m
er
ical
a
n
aly
s
is
ar
e
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
elem
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
an
d
t
h
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
[
2
3
]
.
Usi
n
g
th
is
m
eth
o
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
DSPMM
ca
n
b
e
ev
alu
ate
d
with
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
eli
ab
ilit
y
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tato
r
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
o
r
ie
n
tatio
n
s
also
allo
w
f
o
r
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
,
th
u
s
allo
win
g
ac
cu
r
ate
p
r
e
d
ic
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
eti
za
t
io
n
p
r
o
p
e
r
t
ies
o
f
t
h
e
DSPM
M.
T
o
s
o
l
v
e
Ma
x
w
ell'
s
e
q
u
at
io
n
s
in
co
m
p
le
x
g
e
o
m
etr
y
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
.
So
m
e
co
m
m
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
n
u
m
er
ical
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e:
2
.
1
.
1
.
F
ini
t
e
elem
ent
m
et
ho
d
(
F
E
M
)
T
h
e
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
FEM
)
is
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
n
u
m
er
ical
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
p
a
r
tial
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
wo
r
k
s
b
y
d
elim
itin
g
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
d
o
m
ain
in
to
s
m
all,
s
im
p
le
elem
en
ts
.
T
h
e
m
ain
ad
v
an
ta
g
es
o
f
FEM
in
clu
d
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
f
lex
ib
ilit
y
,
wh
ic
h
allo
ws
it
to
h
an
d
le
co
m
p
lex
g
eo
m
et
r
ies
an
d
m
at
er
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
,
as
well
as
s
p
ar
s
e
m
atr
ix
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
w
h
ich
allo
w
f
o
r
e
f
f
icien
t
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
co
m
p
u
tin
g
.
I
t
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
in
an
aly
zin
g
ele
ctr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
in
d
ev
ice
s
s
u
ch
as
an
ten
n
as,
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
an
d
wav
eg
u
id
es,
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
u
ch
as
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
s
an
d
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
[
2
4
]
,
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
in
th
e
g
en
er
ato
r
.
T
h
er
m
al
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
m
o
d
els
ar
e
v
alid
ated
b
y
s
im
u
latio
n
[
3
]
as
well
as
d
eter
m
in
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
a
n
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
DSP
MM
to
p
o
lo
g
ies.
An
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
n
ee
d
s
to
b
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
d
et
er
m
in
e
th
e
o
v
er
all
im
p
ac
t
o
f
ch
an
g
es
in
d
esig
n
an
d
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
th
at
af
f
ec
t m
o
to
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
[
2
5
]
.
Fin
i
te
ele
m
e
n
t
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
is
h
ig
h
l
y
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
in
a
n
a
ly
zi
n
g
t
h
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
i
eld
s
i
n
n
o
-
lo
a
d
m
o
t
o
r
o
p
er
ati
o
n
all
o
wi
n
g
r
es
ea
r
c
h
e
r
s
to
e
v
a
lu
ate
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
iz
e
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
d
esi
g
n
b
e
f
o
r
e
p
h
y
s
i
ca
l
im
p
le
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
h
i
g
h
e
f
f
ici
e
n
c
y
,
t
h
e
r
m
al
s
t
ab
ilit
y
,
a
n
d
o
p
ti
m
al
f
ie
ld
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
.
R
esea
r
c
h
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
b
y
Ya
n
g
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
f
in
d
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
la
ti
o
n
r
es
u
lts
s
h
o
w
th
a
t
th
e
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
i
el
d
li
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
p
ass
es
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
i
r
o
n
i
n
t
h
e
r
ad
i
al
d
i
r
e
cti
o
n
,
n
o
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
ci
r
c
u
l
ar
d
i
r
e
cti
o
n
i
r
o
n
co
r
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
,
s
o
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
p
er
ie
n
c
e
s
at
u
r
ati
o
n
,
a
n
d
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
n
o
-
l
o
ad
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
,
t
h
e
i
n
n
e
r
s
t
at
o
r
t
ee
t
h
m
ax
i
m
u
m
m
a
g
n
e
tic
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
is
1
.
6
1
8
7
T
a
n
d
th
e
o
u
te
r
s
t
at
o
r
t
ee
th
o
f
th
e
m
o
t
o
r
i
s
1
.
6
7
3
5
T
.
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
s
h
o
wi
n
g
th
e
r
es
u
l
ts
o
f
f
in
ite
ele
m
e
n
t s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
i
n
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
i
el
d
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
i
n
n
o
-
l
o
ad
m
o
to
r
o
p
e
r
at
io
n
o
n
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
m
o
t
o
r
F
i
g
u
r
e
1
(
a
)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
n
ea
t
a
n
d
s
y
m
m
etr
ica
l
f
l
u
x
li
n
e
tr
aj
ec
t
o
r
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
d
esi
g
n
o
f
t
h
is
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
h
as
a
n
o
p
ti
m
a
l
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
ie
ld
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
t
h
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
l
u
x
is
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
l
y
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
te
d
in
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
tat
o
r
s
o
th
at
o
v
er
l
o
ad
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
c
cu
r
wh
ic
h
ca
u
s
es
o
v
e
r
h
ea
t
in
g
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fin
ite
elem
en
t simu
l
atio
n
in
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
n
m
o
to
r
d
esig
n
:
(
a)
lin
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
f
lu
x
u
n
d
er
co
n
d
itio
n
with
o
u
t lo
a
d
an
d
(
b
)
clo
u
d
g
r
ap
h
o
f
co
n
d
itio
n
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
with
o
u
t
lo
ad
[
2
6
]
Fin
ite
elem
en
t
an
aly
s
is
(
FEA)
is
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
k
ey
m
ac
h
in
e
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
n
o
u
tp
u
t
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le
[
2
7
]
,
e
lectr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
an
d
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
[
2
8
]
.
Ma
x
well
s
im
u
latio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
v
alid
ate
d
esig
n
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
p
tim
ized
with
FEA
[
1
]
,
also
it
ca
n
ev
alu
ate
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
teg
r
ity
,
an
d
th
er
m
al
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
lead
in
g
t
o
o
p
tim
al
d
esig
n
.
Mo
d
ellin
g
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
in
s
id
e
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e,
allo
win
g
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
an
d
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
7
5
1
-
7
6
8
754
[
2
9
]
-
[
3
1
]
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
e
ch
an
ical
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
en
g
in
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
[
3
2
]
-
[
3
4
]
.
T
h
is
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
m
ee
ts
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
an
d
o
p
er
ates e
f
f
icien
tly
u
n
d
er
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
lo
a
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
3
5
]
.
B
y
s
im
u
latin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
d
esig
n
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
,
FEA
h
elp
s
id
en
tif
y
p
o
ten
tial
i
s
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
f
o
r
ce
r
ip
p
les
an
d
m
ag
n
etic
im
b
alan
ce
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
allo
ws
d
esig
n
m
ak
er
s
to
m
ak
e
p
r
ec
is
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
b
ef
o
r
e
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
o
to
ty
p
es
a
r
e
m
ad
e
,
th
er
eb
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
co
s
tly
d
esig
n
d
ef
ec
ts
[
3
6
]
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
FEA
i
s
u
s
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
th
er
m
al
b
eh
av
i
o
r
an
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
in
teg
r
ity
.
Un
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
af
f
ec
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
s
er
v
ic
e
life
o
f
m
ac
h
i
n
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
is
es
s
en
tial,
esp
e
cially
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
h
ig
h
th
er
m
al
lo
ad
s
[
3
7
]
.
FEA
h
elp
s
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
m
ater
ials
,
esp
ec
ially
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
ets.
B
y
a
n
aly
zin
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
etr
ics,
d
esig
n
er
s
ca
n
m
in
im
ize
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
m
ag
n
e
t
m
ater
ial
r
eq
u
ir
ed
wh
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
wh
ich
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
3
8
]
.
F
E
A
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
h
i
g
h
lev
el
o
f
d
etail
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
i
n
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
m
o
d
e
llin
g
in
DSPMM
.
T
h
is
p
r
ec
is
io
n
is
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
d
esig
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
h
ap
e
an
d
p
lac
em
en
t
o
f
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
ets,
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
an
d
o
v
er
all
m
ac
h
in
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
.
2
.
1
.
2
.
B
o
un
da
ry
elem
ent
m
e
t
ho
ds
(
B
E
M
)
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
B
E
M)
o
f
f
er
s
h
ig
h
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
u
n
co
n
s
tr
ain
e
d
p
r
o
b
lem
m
o
d
elin
g
b
y
u
s
in
g
i
n
teg
r
al
e
q
u
atio
n
s
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
in
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es
[
3
9
]
,
[
4
0
]
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
B
E
M)
o
f
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
v
er
FEA
m
eth
o
d
in
th
e
DSPMM
s
tu
d
y
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
B
E
M
is
ju
s
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
u
r
f
ac
e
m
esh
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
,
s
o
th
er
e
is
n
o
n
ee
d
to
u
s
e
a
v
o
lu
m
e
m
esh
th
at
co
v
er
s
all
s
p
ac
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
air
g
ap
s
,
th
is
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
m
atr
ix
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
s
co
m
p
u
t
atio
n
al
tim
e
[
4
1
]
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
in
teg
r
al
m
eth
o
d
ca
n
ac
cu
r
ately
an
d
ef
f
icien
tly
s
o
lv
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
m
o
o
th
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
in
two
d
i
m
en
s
io
n
s
[
4
1
]
,
[
4
2
]
.
I
r
o
n
an
d
co
p
p
e
r
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
to
h
an
d
le
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
ities
an
d
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
en
ts
,
wh
ile
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
o
n
th
e
air
g
ap
s
b
etwe
en
m
o
v
in
g
p
a
r
ts
,
u
tili
zin
g
Gr
ee
n
'
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e
to
allo
w
f
o
r
lin
ea
r
m
o
tio
n
with
p
er
io
d
ic
tim
e
[
4
3
]
.
Sath
y
an
et
a
l.
[
4
4
]
u
s
ed
B
E
M
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
n
ea
r
th
e
m
o
to
r
an
d
th
e
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
lev
el
th
at
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
v
ar
y
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
ac
o
u
s
tic
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
Pas
ca
l
u
n
its
(
Pa)
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
p
atter
n
o
f
ac
o
u
s
tic
wav
es
in
d
icate
s
th
a
t
th
e
m
o
to
r
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
s
o
u
n
d
o
f
v
ar
y
in
g
in
ten
s
ity
in
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
ar
ea
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
b
)
i
n
d
icate
s
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
i
n
d
ec
ib
els
(
d
B
)
at
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
a
r
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
it
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
s
tr
o
n
g
est s
o
u
n
d
s
p
r
ea
d
s
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
d
ir
e
ctio
n
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
m
atr
ix
in
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
elem
en
t
m
eth
o
d
(
B
E
M)
is
d
escr
ib
ed
as
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
O(
N
2
)
m
em
o
r
y
s
to
r
ag
e,
wh
ich
is
n
o
tab
ly
h
ig
h
er
th
an
f
i
n
ite
elem
en
t
an
aly
s
is
(
FEA)
,
wh
ich
ty
p
ically
r
eq
u
i
r
es
O(
N)
m
e
m
o
r
y
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
o
lid
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
m
atr
ix
u
s
ed
in
B
E
M,
wh
ich
lack
s
th
e
s
y
m
m
etr
y
an
d
d
iag
o
n
a
l
d
o
m
in
an
ce
t
h
at
ca
n
s
im
p
lify
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
s
in
FEA
[
4
5
]
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
elem
e
n
t
m
eth
o
d
(
B
E
M)
is
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
to
o
l
in
DSPMM
d
esig
n
,
esp
e
cially
f
o
r
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
.
I
ts
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
in
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
p
r
e
cisi
o
n
in
h
an
d
lin
g
ter
r
ain
ex
te
n
d
in
g
f
ar
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
m
ak
e
it
a
p
er
f
ec
t
f
it
f
o
r
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
,
h
o
wev
e
r
,
f
o
r
a
n
aly
s
es
in
v
o
lv
in
g
co
m
p
lex
in
ter
n
al
g
eo
m
etr
y
,
B
E
M
is
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
FEA
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
B
E
M
with
FEA,
FEA
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
ar
ea
s
o
f
h
ig
h
g
eo
m
etr
ic
co
m
p
lex
ity
in
s
id
e
a
m
o
to
r
,
wh
ile
B
E
M
ca
n
h
a
n
d
le
o
u
ts
id
e
ar
ea
s
an
d
c
o
n
s
tr
ain
ts
,
wh
ich
o
f
te
n
h
a
v
e
n
o
n
-
tr
i
v
ial
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
izatio
n
o
f
th
is
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
allo
ws
f
o
r
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
a
n
aly
s
is
,
m
ak
in
g
it
a
v
iab
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
DSPMM
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
an
al
y
s
is
[
4
6
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
,
it
is
k
n
o
wn
th
at
th
e
FEM
-
B
E
M
h
y
b
r
i
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
to
th
e
FEM
f
o
r
c
o
m
p
l
ex
in
ter
n
al
g
e
o
m
etr
ies
an
d
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
h
o
ws
an
id
ea
l
an
d
s
y
m
m
etr
ical
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
i
eld
in
th
e
DSPMM
with
a
s
af
e
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
,
p
r
ev
en
tin
g
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
.
B
E
M
is
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
ex
ter
n
al
f
ield
s
with
h
ig
h
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
tab
ilit
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
er
m
al
an
aly
s
is
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
n
o
i
s
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
ac
o
u
s
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Desig
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
cy
,
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
m
ater
ia
l
s
av
in
g
s
,
an
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
s
to
elec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
in
es
ar
e
ex
am
p
les
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
I
n
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
,
r
esear
ch
ca
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
ate
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
FEM
-
B
E
M
f
o
r
f
aster
co
m
p
u
tin
g
,
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
,
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
in
te
g
r
atio
n
f
o
r
d
esig
n
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
a
n
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
ew
co
o
lin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
t
h
e
th
er
m
al
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
DSPMM.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
r
ev
iew
o
f m
o
d
ellin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l to
p
o
l
o
g
ies fo
r
…
(
F
ith
r
i Mu
lia
w
a
ti
)
755
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
lev
el
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
in
th
e
air
:
(
a)
p
r
ess
u
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
(
Pa)
o
f
f
-
m
o
to
r
,
with
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
2
0
1
6
Hz
a
n
d
(
b
)
th
e
lev
el
o
f
s
o
u
n
d
p
r
ess
u
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
(
d
B
)
o
f
f
-
m
o
to
r
at
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
2
0
1
6
Hz
[
4
4
]
2
.
2
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l m
e
t
ho
ds
a
na
ly
s
is
I
n
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es
(
DSPMM)
,
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
ar
e
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
o
l
to
o
b
tain
o
p
tim
al
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
in
v
o
lv
es
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
ell
in
g
an
d
an
aly
s
is
to
p
r
ed
ict
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
m
ac
h
in
es
u
n
d
er
v
ar
io
u
s
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
e
s
o
m
e
o
f
th
e
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
o
f
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
in
d
esig
n
i
n
g
DSPMM
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
f
o
r
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
o
n
m
o
d
ellin
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
,
o
p
tim
izin
g
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
an
d
v
alid
at
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
th
r
o
u
g
h
n
u
m
er
ical
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Her
e
ar
e
th
e
k
e
y
an
aly
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es:
2
.
2
.
1
.
Ana
ly
t
ica
l
s
ub
do
m
a
in
m
et
ho
d (
ASM
)
I
n
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
s
ev
er
al
p
a
r
ts
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
an
d
its
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
allo
ws
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
o
n
m
ac
h
in
es
with
co
m
p
lex
g
eo
m
etr
ies,
s
u
c
h
as
a
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
[
4
6
]
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
s
im
p
lifie
s
th
e
co
m
p
lex
g
e
o
m
e
tr
y
o
f
t
h
ese
m
ac
h
in
es
in
to
m
a
n
ag
ea
b
le
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
s
,
th
u
s
allo
win
g
f
o
r
ef
f
icien
t
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
co
m
p
u
tin
g
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
a
cter
is
tics
,
a
n
d
co
n
v
er
ts
th
e
s
am
p
le
in
to
a
f
in
ite
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
in
a
two
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
2
D)
p
lan
e
an
d
ap
p
lies
an
aly
tic
p
o
te
n
tial
v
ec
to
r
m
ag
n
etiza
tio
n
t
o
ea
ch
s
u
b
d
o
m
ai
n
with
p
ar
tial d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
[
4
7
]
,
[
4
8
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
i
n
s
h
a
v
e
th
e
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
o
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
h
e
o
p
e
n
i
n
g
o
f
s
l
o
ts
,
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
s
,
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
s
h
a
p
e
s
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
a
c
c
u
r
a
te
p
r
e
d
ic
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
s
h
as
g
o
o
d
a
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
.
P
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
t
u
d
y
[
4
9
]
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
i
n
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
al
m
o
d
e
l
is
u
s
e
d
t
o
c
a
lc
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
t
o
o
t
h
ti
p
s
in
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
i
t
u
d
e
o
f
th
e
a
r
m
a
t
u
r
e
r
e
a
c
ti
o
n
f
i
e
l
d
i
n
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
-
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
-
m
a
g
n
e
t
(
SM
P
M
)
m
a
ch
i
n
e
s
a
n
d
T
i
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
0
]
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
t
o
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
z
a
ti
o
n
p
a
t
t
e
r
n
s
(
e
.
g
.
,
r
a
d
i
a
l
a
n
d
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
z
a
ti
o
n
)
a
n
d
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
o
o
t
h
t
i
p
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
c
a
n
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
t
h
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
b
y
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
i
n
g
s
a
t
u
r
at
i
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
[
5
1
]
.
B
y
a
n
a
l
y
z
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
ts
o
f
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
d
e
s
i
g
n
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
,
t
h
es
e
m
o
d
e
l
s
c
a
n
h
e
l
p
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
e
f
f
i
c
ie
n
c
y
,
r
e
d
u
c
e
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
5
2
]
.
S
u
b
d
o
m
a
i
n
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
s
w
e
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
b
y
S
a
i
d
e
t
a
l
.
[
5
3
]
a
s
a
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
e
l
i
m
i
n
a
r
y
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
e
l
e
ct
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
f
e
a
t
u
r
es
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
ic
f
i
e
l
d
s
i
n
o
p
e
n
c
i
r
c
u
i
ts
o
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
7
5
1
-
7
6
8
756
a
r
m
a
t
u
r
e
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
s
i
n
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
s
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
s
h
o
ws
t
h
a
t
,
w
i
t
h
v
e
r
y
m
i
n
o
r
e
x
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
s
,
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
in
m
o
d
e
l
a
r
e
r
e
m
a
r
k
a
b
l
y
s
i
m
il
ar
t
o
t
h
o
s
e
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
b
y
FE
A
.
T
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
ca
l
m
et
h
o
d
i
s
u
s
e
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
i
n
i
ti
a
l
d
e
s
i
g
n
,
th
e
n
F
E
A
i
s
u
s
e
d
t
o
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
a
n
d
m
o
d
i
f
y
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
ce
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
s
(
a
l
l
b
e
l
o
w
1
%
)
s
h
o
ws
t
h
at
t
h
e
a
n
a
ly
t
i
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
i
m
p
l
i
es
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
a
cc
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
al
m
o
d
e
l
i
s
q
u
i
t
e
r
el
i
a
b
le
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
l
ex
it
y
o
f
m
a
ch
in
e
D
SP
MM
g
eo
m
e
tr
y
r
eq
u
i
r
es
ef
f
e
cti
v
e
a
n
a
ly
s
is
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
c
h
as
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
es
p
o
n
s
e
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
e
v
al
u
at
io
n
.
T
h
e
s
u
b
d
o
m
ai
n
m
o
d
el
ca
n
m
e
as
u
r
e
t
h
e
a
cc
u
r
at
e
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
at
l
o
a
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
DSP
MSM
m
a
ch
i
n
e
a
n
d
ele
ct
r
o
m
ag
n
e
tic
ca
p
a
b
il
iti
es
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
ch
in
e
ta
k
i
n
g
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
t
h
e
to
o
t
h
ti
p
ef
f
e
ct
[
5
4
]
.
A
n
al
y
t
ic
al
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
in
m
o
d
e
ls
ar
e
u
s
e
d
to
p
r
ed
ict
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
et
ic
f
i
el
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
p
e
n
ci
r
c
u
it
,
ar
m
a
tu
r
e
r
e
ac
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
r
ela
te
d
ele
ct
r
o
m
a
g
n
e
tic
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
.
T
o
s
o
lv
e
Ma
x
w
ell'
s
e
q
u
ati
o
n
s
d
i
r
e
ctl
y
at
PM
,
air
g
a
p
,
a
n
d
s
tat
o
r
l
o
ca
ti
o
n
,
a
s
u
b
d
o
m
a
in
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
is
u
s
ed
u
s
in
g
s
ep
ar
ati
o
n
o
f
v
a
r
i
ab
les
[
5
5
]
.
T
h
e
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
iel
d
an
d
el
ec
t
r
o
m
ag
n
eti
c
p
a
r
a
m
et
er
s
i
n
a
d
o
u
b
l
e
s
t
at
o
r
r
a
d
i
al
t
y
p
e
p
e
r
m
an
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
et
v
e
r
n
ie
r
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
DSR
T
VM
)
was
i
d
e
n
t
if
i
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
a
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
t
h
at
d
i
v
i
d
es
t
h
e
f
i
el
d
d
o
m
a
in
i
n
t
o
m
a
n
y
s
u
b
d
o
m
ai
n
s
,
w
it
h
L
a
p
l
ac
e
a
n
d
Po
is
s
o
n
eq
u
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
e
ac
h
s
u
b
d
o
m
ai
n
[
5
6
]
.
T
h
e
o
p
tim
ized
s
u
b
d
o
m
ain
an
aly
tical
m
o
d
el
is
u
s
ed
to
e
s
ti
m
ate
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
ield
s
in
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es,
tak
in
g
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
im
p
a
ct
o
f
s
tato
r
s
lo
ts
an
d
g
ea
r
ti
p
s
an
d
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
ly
ac
cu
r
ate
r
esu
lts
in
ca
lcu
latin
g
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
s
an
d
o
th
er
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
u
r
in
g
o
p
en
cir
c
u
it
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ar
m
atu
r
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
,
an
d
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
at
lo
ad
f
o
r
d
u
al
s
tato
r
m
ac
h
in
es.
Su
b
d
o
m
ain
m
o
d
els
an
d
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
an
aly
s
is
,
wh
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
ab
le
to
r
e
d
u
ce
co
m
p
u
ta
tio
n
al
tim
e
with
o
u
t
s
ac
r
if
icin
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
f
o
r
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
to
p
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
en
g
i
n
e
s
with
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
s
lo
t
-
p
o
le
c
o
m
b
i
n
atio
n
s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
u
tp
u
t
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
[
5
3
]
D
a
t
a
A
n
a
l
y
t
i
c
a
l
(
%)
F
EA
(
%)
Er
r
o
r
(
%)
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
o
u
t
e
r
a
i
r
g
a
p
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
,
B
og
[
T]
0
.
7
9
3
0
.
7
9
2
0
.
1
3
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
in
n
e
r
a
i
r
g
a
p
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
,
B
ig
[
T]
0
.
8
3
7
0
.
8
3
6
0
.
1
2
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
l
i
n
e
-
l
i
n
e
b
a
c
k
-
e
mf
,
Ɛ
l
i
n
e
[V]
2
7
8
.
4
2
7
6
.
6
0
.
6
5
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
h
a
s
e
b
a
c
k
-
e
mf
,
Ɛ
pha
s
e
[V]
1
3
9
.
2
9
1
3
8
.
6
0
.
5
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
T
o
[
N
m]
2
3
.
4
5
2
3
.
2
9
0
.
6
9
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
w
e
r
,
P
o
[W]
1
4
7
5
.
9
1
4
6
5
.
9
0
.
6
8
2
.
2
.
2
.
M
a
g
net
ic
equiv
a
lent
circ
uit
(
M
E
C)
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
cir
cu
its
in
DSPMM
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
es.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
SP
MM
,
wh
ich
ty
p
ically
h
as
t
wo
s
tato
r
s
an
d
o
n
e
r
o
to
r
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
in
cr
ea
s
ed
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
to
r
q
u
e
d
en
s
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
o
s
in
g
le
-
s
tato
r
d
e
s
ig
n
s
.
T
h
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
m
a
g
n
et
ic
cir
cu
it
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
s
ed
to
an
al
y
ze
DSPMM
m
ag
n
etic
cir
cu
its
,
b
y
s
im
p
lify
in
g
th
e
an
aly
s
is
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
as
an
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
it,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
ea
s
ier
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
a
n
d
r
el
u
ctan
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
[
5
7
]
,
[
5
8
]
,
u
s
in
g
l
u
m
p
ed
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
a
d
ap
tiv
e
p
ar
am
eter
s
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
r
elu
c
tan
ce
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
an
d
c
r
e
atin
g
a
m
ag
n
etic
cir
cu
it
b
y
c
h
an
g
in
g
th
e
m
a
g
n
etic
f
iel
d
.
B
y
s
im
p
lify
in
g
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e
i
n
to
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
cir
cu
its
,
it
ca
n
e
f
f
icien
tly
ca
lcu
late
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
,
r
elu
ctan
ce
,
an
d
E
MF.
Fig
u
r
e
3
ex
p
lain
th
at
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
m
ag
n
etic
cir
cu
it
u
s
ed
to
ex
p
lain
th
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
b
etwe
en
th
e
1
2
/1
0
f
lu
x
s
witch
in
g
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
(
FS
PM)
m
ac
h
in
es
an
d
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t
r
elu
ctan
ce
o
f
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
s
witch
in
g
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
(
DSFS
PM
)
m
ac
h
in
e
is
twice
th
at
o
f
th
e
1
2
/1
0
FS
PM,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
a)
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
p
h
y
s
ical
s
t
r
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
d
esig
n
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
DSFS
PM
,
wh
er
e
p
ass
iv
e
r
o
to
r
s
ar
e
ap
p
lied
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
f
ab
r
icatio
n
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
eq
u
iv
alen
t
m
o
d
el
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
p
r
esen
ts
an
an
aly
tical
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
,
wh
ich
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
m
ac
h
in
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws th
at
th
ese
an
aly
tic
al
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
eq
u
iv
ale
n
t m
o
d
els ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
f
ac
ilit
ate
t
h
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t a
n
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
DSFS
PM
m
ac
h
in
es.
T
h
e
ME
C
m
o
d
el
was
u
s
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
in
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
ac
h
in
e
(
PMSM)
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
th
e
s
y
s
tem
atic
ca
lcu
latio
n
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
ef
f
ec
ts
an
d
n
o
n
-
s
in
u
s
o
i
d
al
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
[
5
9
]
.
An
aly
ze
d
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
cir
c
u
its
o
f
f
o
u
r
ty
p
es
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
o
u
s
m
o
to
r
s
(
DSPMSM
)
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es
[
6
0
]
.
E
MC
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
to
m
o
d
el
an
d
ca
lcu
late
m
ag
n
etic
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
an
d
r
elu
ctan
c
e
(
m
ag
n
etic
r
esis
tan
ce
)
in
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
m
o
to
r
.
T
h
is
E
MC
m
o
d
el
h
el
p
s
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
h
o
w
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
s
in
ter
ac
t
in
s
id
e
th
e
m
o
to
r
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
th
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
r
o
to
r
s
.
I
n
a
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
id
ed
ax
ial
f
lu
x
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
A
FP
MM
)
,
th
e
f
lu
x
d
en
s
ity
is
a
cq
u
ir
ed
b
y
f
in
d
in
g
o
u
t
ev
e
r
y
s
o
u
r
ce
o
f
f
l
u
x
a
n
d
r
elu
ctan
ce
an
d
f
lu
x
s
o
u
r
ce
s
u
s
in
g
th
e
ME
C
r
elu
cta
n
ce
s
n
etwo
r
k
[
6
1
]
.
Pre
d
icts
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
ity
,
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
,
a
n
d
o
th
er
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
r
ev
iew
o
f m
o
d
ellin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l to
p
o
l
o
g
ies fo
r
…
(
F
ith
r
i Mu
lia
w
a
ti
)
757
p
ar
am
eter
s
o
f
th
e
lin
ea
r
m
o
to
r
b
ein
g
s
tu
d
ied
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
is
also
in
teg
r
ated
with
o
th
er
n
u
m
er
ical
ca
lcu
latio
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
o
b
tain
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
r
esu
lts
[
6
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ME
C
m
eth
o
d
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
a
b
le
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
g
o
o
d
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
m
o
t
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
f
lu
x
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
f
o
r
ce
ca
lcu
lat
io
n
,
wh
ich
is
th
en
v
alid
ated
wi
th
FEA
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Do
u
b
le
s
tato
r
f
lu
x
s
witch
in
g
p
er
m
a
n
en
t m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
e:
(
a)
cr
o
s
s
s
ec
tio
n
an
d
(
b
)
m
ag
n
etic
eq
u
iv
alen
t c
ir
cu
it
[
5
8
]
T
h
e
M
E
C
m
e
th
o
d
u
s
e
d
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
a
tes
f
le
x
i
b
i
lit
y
a
n
d
a
cc
u
r
a
cy
i
n
an
al
y
zi
n
g
m
o
to
r
s
w
it
h
t
h
es
e
c
o
m
p
l
ex
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
ti
o
n
s
,
t
h
u
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
a
s
o
l
id
b
as
is
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
o
p
tim
i
za
ti
o
n
a
n
d
d
e
v
el
o
p
m
e
n
t.
B
y
m
o
d
ell
in
g
t
h
e
e
r
r
o
r
s
th
a
t
o
cc
u
r
i
n
t
h
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
r
o
t
o
r
,
s
u
c
h
as
d
e
m
a
g
n
e
tiz
ati
o
n
,
ec
ce
n
t
r
ic
it
y
,
an
d
i
m
b
al
a
n
ce
[
6
3
]
.
T
h
is
m
et
h
o
d
m
a
k
es
it
p
o
s
s
ib
le
t
o
t
ak
e
in
to
a
cc
o
u
n
t
an
y
c
h
a
n
g
es
in
t
h
e
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
l
u
x
p
at
h
,
w
h
i
ch
is
v
er
y
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
i
n
a
n
al
y
zi
n
g
r
o
to
r
s
-
r
el
ate
d
er
r
o
r
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
M
E
C
h
el
p
s
t
o
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
a
m
o
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
r
e
p
r
ese
n
t
ati
o
n
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
iel
d
u
n
d
er
f
a
u
lt
c
o
n
d
iti
o
n
s
,
w
h
i
ch
i
s
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
d
i
ag
n
o
s
is
a
n
d
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
io
n
o
f
e
r
r
o
r
s
in
P
MSM
.
M
E
C
s
i
m
p
li
f
i
es
t
h
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
ic
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
b
y
a
p
p
r
o
x
i
m
a
t
i
n
g
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
p
a
t
h
s
a
s
r
el
u
c
t
a
n
c
e
s
,
o
f
t
en
n
e
g
l
e
c
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
t
r
i
c
at
e
n
o
n
-
l
i
n
e
a
r
i
t
i
es
li
k
e
s
a
t
u
r
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
h
y
s
t
e
r
e
s
i
s
.
W
y
m
e
e
r
s
c
h
et
a
l
.
[
6
4
]
i
n
t
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
a
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
r
e
l
u
c
ta
n
c
e
m
a
n
a
g
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
r
e
p
a
i
r
s
i
n
h
i
g
h
l
y
s
a
t
u
r
a
t
e
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
o
r
w
h
e
r
e
t
o
o
th
t
i
p
s
a
n
d
s
l
o
t
e
f
f
e
c
ts
a
r
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
e
n
t
.
T
h
e
a
r
t
ic
l
es
[
6
5
]
,
[
6
6
]
s
t
a
te
d
t
h
at
M
E
C
o
f
t
e
n
i
g
n
o
r
e
s
s
e
c
o
n
d
a
r
y
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
s
u
c
h
a
s
e
d
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
,
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
cs
,
a
n
d
s
t
r
a
y
l
o
s
s
e
s
s
o
t
h
at
it
c
a
n
r
es
u
l
t
i
n
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
e
r
r
o
r
s
i
n
t
h
e
c
al
c
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
o
s
s
es
a
n
d
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
o
n
o
f
f
l
u
x
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
e
s
p
e
c
i
al
l
y
i
n
d
es
i
g
n
s
w
i
t
h
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
r
u
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
io
n
a
l
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
e
s
.
Acc
u
r
at
el
y
m
o
d
e
lli
n
g
r
a
d
ia
l
en
d
f
l
u
x
l
ea
k
s
u
s
i
n
g
M
E
C
ca
n
b
e
c
h
al
le
n
g
in
g
a
n
d
m
ay
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
o
d
i
f
i
ca
t
io
n
s
t
o
th
e
s
ta
n
d
a
r
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
.
Ac
c
u
r
ac
y
in
p
r
e
d
i
c
ti
n
g
b
u
t
n
o
t
p
r
e
d
ict
in
g
,
th
u
s
m
a
k
i
n
g
M
E
C
r
em
ai
n
a
v
al
u
ab
le
t
o
o
l
f
o
r
DSPM
SM
a
n
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
d
u
e
t
o
c
o
m
p
u
te
r
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
an
d
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
,
th
e
d
esig
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
v
er
y
ac
c
u
r
at
e
r
es
u
l
ts
,
es
p
e
cia
ll
y
i
n
th
e
e
ar
ly
s
t
ag
es
o
f
t
h
e
d
esi
g
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
H
o
w
ev
er
,
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
d
etai
le
d
an
al
y
s
is
a
n
d
f
i
n
al
d
esi
g
n
v
ali
d
a
ti
o
n
,
a
c
o
m
b
in
a
ti
o
n
o
f
M
E
C
an
d
FE
A
is
o
f
t
en
u
s
e
d
to
h
a
r
n
ess
th
e
s
tr
e
n
g
th
s
o
f
b
o
t
h
m
et
h
o
d
s
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
M
a
x
well
equa
t
io
n a
pp
ro
a
ches
(
M
E
A)
M
a
x
w
e
l
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
m
o
d
e
l
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
i
n
g
f
l
u
x
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
,
a
s
i
n
DS
-
P
M
SM
,
w
h
e
r
e
M
a
x
w
e
l
l'
s
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
l
v
i
n
g
al
l
o
ws
f
o
r
a
c
c
u
r
a
t
e
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
at
i
o
n
o
f
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
i
es
i
n
a
i
r
g
a
p
s
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
r
e
g
i
o
n
s
,
w
h
i
l
e
b
ei
n
g
a
b
le
t
o
h
a
n
d
l
e
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
ie
s
w
it
h
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
,
b
o
t
h
i
n
no
-
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
o
n
-
l
o
a
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
,
i
t
i
s
v
e
r
y
i
m
p
o
r
t
a
n
t
t
o
m
o
d
e
l
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
,
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
,
a
n
d
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
s
a
t
u
r
at
i
o
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
s
,
a
ll
o
f
w
h
i
c
h
a
f
f
e
c
t
e
n
g
i
n
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
[
6
7
]
,
c
a
n
b
e
m
o
d
e
l
l
e
d
c
o
m
p
l
e
x
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
i
e
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
s
l
o
tt
i
n
g
e
f
f
e
c
ts
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
a
s
y
m
m
e
t
r
y
[
6
8
]
.
F
o
r
s
u
r
f
a
c
e
-
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
P
M
m
a
c
h
i
n
es
,
s
l
o
t
g
e
o
m
e
t
r
y
a
n
d
a
i
r
g
a
p
f
i
e
l
d
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
a
r
e
i
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
e
d
i
n
t
o
M
E
A
m
o
d
e
ls
u
s
i
n
g
co
n
f
o
r
m
a
l
m
a
p
p
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
l
a
ti
v
e
a
i
r
-
g
a
p
p
e
r
m
e
a
n
ce
[
6
9
]
.
U
t
i
l
iz
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
f
o
r
m
a
l
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
t
o
c
al
c
u
l
a
t
e
M
a
x
w
el
l'
s
s
t
r
es
s
f
o
r
c
e
i
n
t
h
e
a
i
r
g
a
p
o
f
t
h
e
P
M
m
o
t
o
r
.
O
p
t
i
m
i
z
at
i
o
n
w
as
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
i
a
l
e
v
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
(
D
E
A
)
,
a
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
-
b
a
s
e
d
o
p
t
i
m
i
za
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
h
o
d
i
n
M
A
T
L
A
B
o
b
t
a
i
n
ed
F
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
f
o
r
a
t
e
d
a
i
r
g
a
p
s
r
e
s
u
l
t
e
d
i
n
a
c
c
u
r
at
e
e
s
t
i
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
o
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
l
o
s
s
e
s
a
n
d
w
as
a
b
l
e
t
o
p
r
e
d
i
c
t
r
e
v
e
r
s
e
E
M
F
,
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
i
r
o
n
l
o
s
s
,
ac
c
u
r
a
c
y
o
f
4
.
8
5
%
i
n
E
M
F
,
4
.
4
1
%
i
n
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
4
.
4
4
%
i
n
i
r
o
n
l
o
s
s
,
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
a
f
u
l
l
F
E
M
-
b
as
e
d
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
[
7
0
]
,
[
7
1
]
.
T
h
e
r
ev
er
s
e
E
MF
an
d
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
Ma
x
well's
eq
u
atio
n
,
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
Fin
ite
E
lem
en
t
m
o
d
el
an
d
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
ata
o
n
in
tact
an
d
p
ar
tially
d
em
ag
n
etize
d
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
ets,
s
o
lu
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
b
y
r
e
d
u
cin
g
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
v
ar
iab
les
to
a
s
in
g
le
v
ar
ia
b
le
[
7
2
]
.
Ma
x
well's
eq
u
atio
n
s
en
ab
le
p
r
ec
is
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
air
g
a
p
f
lu
x
an
d
m
ag
n
eto
m
o
tiv
e
f
o
r
ce
(
MM
F)
p
ath
s
in
b
o
th
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
7
5
1
-
7
6
8
758
s
tato
r
s
an
d
ac
c
o
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
t
h
eir
in
ter
ac
tio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
r
o
to
r
(
DSPMM)
,
T
im
e
-
s
tep
p
in
g
f
o
r
d
y
n
am
ic
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
o
d
elin
g
in
v
ar
i
ed
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
7
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
atu
r
atio
n
an
d
f
lu
x
leak
a
g
e
ef
f
ec
ts
as
well
as
th
e
lo
n
g
itu
d
in
al
f
i
n
al
ef
f
ec
t
a
r
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
u
s
in
g
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
m
ag
n
etic
n
etwo
r
k
s
[
7
4
]
.
T
h
e
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
cir
cu
its
(
ME
C
s
)
also
h
elp
s
in
esti
m
atin
g
m
o
to
r
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
in
d
u
ctan
ce
o
n
th
e
-
d
ax
is
an
d
-
q
ax
is
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
g
in
e
an
d
leak
ag
e
f
l
u
x
[
7
5
]
.
Fin
i
te
elem
en
t
a
n
aly
s
is
(
FEA)
is
o
f
ten
in
v
o
lv
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
p
r
ed
icted
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
,
wh
ich
a
r
e
ty
p
ically
m
o
r
e
ac
c
u
r
ate
b
u
t
r
e
q
u
ir
e
l
o
n
g
er
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
tim
es.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
Ma
x
well's
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ati
o
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
b
alan
ce
b
etwe
en
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ef
f
icien
cy
in
DSPMSM
d
esig
n
an
d
a
n
aly
s
is
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
alr
ea
d
y
m
e
n
tio
n
ed
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
also
o
th
er
m
eth
o
d
s
th
at
ar
e
o
f
ten
u
s
ed
in
th
is
m
o
d
ellin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
u
ch
as
g
e
n
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
u
s
ed
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
d
esig
n
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
en
g
in
es,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
lik
e
th
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
lo
ts
[
7
6
]
,
as
well
as
p
er
m
e
an
ce
an
aly
s
is
,
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
s
im
u
latio
n
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
r
ed
ictio
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
th
e
d
esire
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
s
h
o
r
tco
m
in
g
s
in
th
e
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
DSPMM,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
in
ab
ilit
y
o
f
ex
is
tin
g
an
al
y
tical
an
d
n
u
m
er
ical
m
o
d
els
to
ac
cu
r
ately
ca
p
tu
r
e
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
b
eh
av
io
r
,
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
in
ter
ac
tio
n
s
o
f
m
ag
n
et
ic
f
lu
x
,
r
o
to
r
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
p
h
ase
cu
r
r
en
t
u
n
d
er
s
atu
r
atio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
2
6
]
.
C
u
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
ies
also
lack
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
d
y
n
am
ic
an
d
tr
an
s
ien
t
ef
f
ec
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
s
u
d
d
en
lo
a
d
ch
a
n
g
es,
as
w
ell
as
th
e
lack
o
f
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
m
o
d
ellin
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
an
d
e
f
f
icien
cy
[
7
7
]
.
T
h
e
an
aly
tical
m
et
h
o
d
en
ab
le
s
ac
cu
r
ate
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
etic
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
,
o
p
tim
izatio
n
o
f
d
esig
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
a
n
d
v
alid
at
io
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
an
aly
tical
s
u
b
d
o
m
ai
n
m
eth
o
d
(
ASM)
,
m
ag
n
eti
c
eq
u
iv
alen
t
cir
c
u
it
(
ME
C
)
,
a
n
d
Ma
x
well'
s
eq
u
atio
n
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
(
ME
A)
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
p
r
e
s
en
tatio
n
,
it
ca
n
b
e
co
n
clu
d
e
d
th
at
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
m
eth
o
d
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
ASM
an
d
ME
C
with
f
in
ite
elem
en
t
s
im
u
latio
n
(
FEA)
,
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
tr
an
s
ien
t
d
y
n
am
ics,
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
Halb
ac
h
ar
r
ay
s
,
an
d
u
tili
ze
s
s
o
f
twar
e
s
u
ch
as
An
s
y
s
ca
n
s
o
lv
e
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
m
ag
n
etic
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
air
g
ap
av
er
s
io
n
,
an
d
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
in
ter
ac
tio
n
b
etwe
en
th
e
two
s
tato
r
s
.
So
th
at
it
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
co
m
p
u
tin
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
DSPMM.
3.
ST
RUC
T
UR
E
T
O
P
O
L
O
G
Y
O
F
DSPMM
Stru
ctu
r
al
to
p
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
e
(
DSPMM
)
is
es
s
en
tial
in
d
eter
m
in
in
g
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
u
n
iq
u
e
a
r
r
an
g
em
en
t
o
f
th
e
s
tato
r
an
d
r
o
to
r
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
tly
af
f
ec
ts
v
ar
io
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics,
in
clu
d
in
g
ef
f
icien
cy
,
to
r
q
u
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
,
an
d
th
er
m
al
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
I
n
d
esig
n
in
g
a
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
m
ac
h
in
e,
an
e
f
f
icien
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
an
d
m
o
d
el
ar
e
th
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
s
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
o
s
s
ess
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
a
m
ac
h
in
e
d
esig
n
with
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Ov
er
t
h
e
p
ast
f
ew
y
ea
r
s
,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
DSPMM
m
ac
h
in
es,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
to
p
o
lo
g
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
esig
n
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
w
er
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e,
lo
wer
in
g
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
les an
d
to
r
q
u
e
d
en
s
ity
[
7
8
]
-
[
8
0
]
.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
en
ted
r
o
to
r
d
esig
n
allo
ws
f
o
r
b
etter
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
at
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
o
f
th
e
r
o
to
r
a
n
d
s
tato
r
,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
h
ig
h
er
to
r
q
u
e
d
en
s
ity
.
I
n
a
d
d
itio
n
to
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
tatio
n
m
eth
o
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
,
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
ca
n
also
b
e
l
o
wer
ed
b
y
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
o
f
co
m
b
in
in
g
two
s
tep
s
s
lo
ttin
g
(
T
SS
)
with
g
r
a
d
u
ally
in
clin
ed
s
u
r
f
ac
e
en
d
(
G
I
SE
)
o
n
PMG
[
8
1
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
au
th
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
v
ar
io
u
s
DSPMM
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
I
n
th
is
r
e
v
iew
p
ap
er
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
s
eg
m
en
ted
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
DSPMM.
T
h
is
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
b
en
e
f
icial
in
ap
p
licatio
n
s
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
e
an
ab
u
n
d
an
ce
o
f
in
itial
to
r
q
u
e
o
r
f
ast
ac
ce
ler
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
el
ec
tr
ic
v
eh
icles
[
8
2
]
,
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
r
esu
ltin
g
in
s
m
o
o
t
h
er
o
p
er
atio
n
a
n
d
b
etter
m
ac
h
in
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
[
8
3
]
.
Seg
m
e
n
t
ati
o
n
i
n
d
o
u
b
le
s
tat
o
r
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
i
n
e
s
(
DSPM
M)
is
a
d
esi
g
n
t
ec
h
n
i
q
u
e
t
h
a
t
in
v
o
l
v
es
d
i
v
i
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
a
in
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
,
s
u
c
h
as
r
o
t
o
r
s
,
s
t
at
o
r
s
,
an
d
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
ts
,
i
n
t
o
s
m
al
le
r
p
ar
ts
.
M
u
c
h
r
ese
ar
c
h
h
as
b
e
e
n
d
o
n
e
t
o
g
et
a
m
o
r
e
o
p
t
im
a
l
d
esi
g
n
i
n
u
til
izi
n
g
m
ag
n
e
tic
f
lu
x
,
w
h
ic
h
c
an
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
h
i
g
h
er
t
o
r
q
u
e
.
S
eg
m
e
n
te
d
s
tat
o
r
s
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
s
i
n
e
lec
tr
ic
m
ac
h
i
n
es h
a
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
es
,
s
u
c
h
as
s
i
m
p
li
f
y
in
g
th
e
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
al
lo
w
in
g
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
m
at
er
ials
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
ta
to
r
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
,
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
ci
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
w
aste
.
B
u
t
it
als
o
h
as
s
o
m
e
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
e
d
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
a
co
u
s
t
ic
n
o
i
s
e,
a
n
d
c
o
r
e
l
o
s
s
es
d
u
e
t
o
ch
a
n
g
es
i
n
t
h
e
m
a
te
r
i
al
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
at
t
h
e
e
d
g
es
o
f
t
h
e
c
u
t
[
8
4
]
.
T
h
e
s
e
g
m
en
te
d
r
o
to
r
i
n
a
DSPMM
is
a
n
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
d
esi
g
n
F
ac
to
r
s
t
h
a
t
s
i
g
n
i
f
ic
an
tl
y
i
n
f
l
u
en
ce
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
al
c
h
a
r
a
cte
r
is
tics
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
r
o
to
r
s
e
g
m
en
tat
io
n
a
ls
o
r
ed
u
ce
s
t
h
e
e
d
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
ts
t
h
at
o
f
te
n
o
cc
u
r
i
n
s
o
li
d
r
o
t
o
r
s
,
es
p
e
cia
ll
y
at
h
ig
h
s
p
e
ed
s
a
n
d
r
e
d
u
c
e
p
o
we
r
l
o
s
s
es
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
ef
f
i
cie
n
c
y
.
T
o
s
p
ee
d
u
p
t
h
e
m
o
t
o
r
d
esig
n
an
d
an
al
y
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
Wu
e
t a
l
.
[
5
4
]
u
s
e
d
A
n
s
y
s
i
n
F
E
M
s
im
u
l
ati
o
n
s
to
c
o
m
p
ar
e
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
r
o
to
r
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
es
s
u
c
h
as
e
le
ct
r
o
m
a
g
n
et
ic
a
n
al
y
s
is
,
m
ag
n
eti
c
f
i
el
d
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
,
t
o
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
e
n
e
r
g
y
l
o
s
s
.
As
y
m
m
e
tr
ic
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
ca
n
b
e
s
o
lv
e
d
e
f
f
e
cti
v
e
ly
b
y
u
s
in
g
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
i
n
s
tat
o
r
a
n
d
r
o
to
r
s
t
r
u
ct
u
r
es
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
t
h
at
t
h
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
le
ca
n
b
e
s
ig
n
i
f
i
ca
n
tl
y
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
d
c
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
ly
,
as
t
h
e
av
er
a
g
e
o
u
t
p
u
t
to
r
q
u
e
is
n
o
t
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
.
S
eg
m
e
n
t
e
d
r
o
t
o
r
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
A
r
ev
iew
o
f m
o
d
ellin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
a
l to
p
o
l
o
g
ies fo
r
…
(
F
ith
r
i Mu
lia
w
a
ti
)
759
in
c
r
ea
s
e
p
o
w
e
r
d
e
n
s
it
y
b
y
u
p
to
tw
o
ti
m
es
as
we
ll
as
r
e
d
u
ce
ir
o
n
r
el
u
cta
n
ce
a
n
d
r
ed
u
ce
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
b
y
u
p
to
5
3
.
4
8
%
a
n
d
r
i
p
p
le
to
r
q
u
e
b
y
u
p
t
o
6
7
.
4
5
%,
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
v
i
b
r
a
ti
o
n
an
d
ac
o
u
s
tic
n
o
is
e
[
8
5
]
.
Par
k
et
a
l.
[
8
6
]
u
s
e
d
wi
th
r
o
to
r
s
p
o
k
e
-
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
r
o
t
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
o
d
.
Kn
o
wn
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
,
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
s
p
o
k
e
-
t
y
p
e
r
o
to
r
s
with
o
u
t
a
b
u
f
f
er
will
b
e
d
if
f
icu
l
t
to
u
s
e
in
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
b
ec
au
s
e
th
er
e
ar
e
n
o
m
ec
h
a
n
ical
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
r
o
tatin
g
p
ar
ts
to
th
e
s
h
af
t
o
r
d
ir
ec
t
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
As
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
a
r
o
t
o
r
with
a
s
tain
les
s
-
s
teel
s
u
p
p
o
r
t r
o
d
was
in
s
er
ted
to
r
ep
lace
th
e
f
o
u
r
s
p
o
k
es
ar
r
an
g
ed
p
lace
d
at
9
0
-
d
eg
r
ee
in
ter
v
als
to
h
o
ld
th
e
r
o
to
r
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
aid
th
at
s
eg
m
en
ted
r
o
to
r
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
ad
d
it
io
n
al
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
,
s
u
ch
as
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
r
o
d
s
,
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
ef
f
ec
ti
v
ely
in
r
ea
l
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
L
ik
e
wis
e,
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
o
f
th
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
o
b
tain
ed
in
th
is
f
o
r
m
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
a
b
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
is
th
e
r
esu
lt
o
f
a
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
o
f
a
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
s
p
o
k
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
v
er
n
ier
m
ac
h
i
n
e
(
DSSP
MV
M)
,
o
v
er
all,
th
e
T
y
p
e
1
(
m
o
t
o
r
with
o
u
t
s
u
p
p
o
r
t)
s
h
o
wed
th
e
b
est
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
s
in
ter
m
s
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
s
tab
ilit
y
(
lo
w
to
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
le)
an
d
lo
w
c
o
g
g
in
g
r
esis
tan
ce
,
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
th
e
T
y
p
e
3
(
m
o
to
r
with
SUS4
3
0
s
u
p
p
o
r
t)
wh
ich
h
ad
alm
o
s
t similar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Stru
ctu
r
e
m
o
t
o
r
: (
a)
with
o
u
t a
id
s
an
d
(
b
)
with
aid
s
[
8
6
]
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
to
r
q
u
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
DSSP
M
VM
[
8
6
]
M
o
t
o
r
t
y
p
e
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
(
N
m)
To
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
(
%)
C
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
N
m)
Ty
p
e
1
(
N
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
)
1
3
.
2
8
1
.
6
8
0
.
4
3
Ty
p
e
2
(
S
U
S
3
0
4
)
1
1
.
2
3
1
5
.
0
3
2
.
3
1
Ty
p
e
3
(
S
U
S
4
3
0
)
1
3
.
2
6
2
.
0
6
0
.
4
7
T
y
p
e
2
(
m
o
t
o
r
w
i
t
h
S
US
3
0
4
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
)
h
a
s
p
o
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
d
u
e
t
o
h
i
g
h
r
i
p
p
l
e
a
n
d
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
v
a
l
u
e
s
,
al
t
h
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
to
r
q
u
e
i
s
l
o
we
r
t
h
a
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
e
r
tw
o
t
y
p
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
at
es
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
e
n
g
i
n
e
(
T
y
p
e
S
U
S
4
3
0
)
h
a
s
a
h
i
g
h
e
r
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
l
o
w
e
r
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
a
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
d
e
c
r
e
as
e
i
n
to
r
q
u
e
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
[
8
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
V
s
h
a
p
e
I
P
M
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
l
y
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
c
o
g
g
i
n
g
t
o
r
q
u
e
,
g
e
a
r
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
E
M
F
,
a
n
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
i
p
p
l
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
t
io
n
a
l
t
o
t
h
e
s
l
o
t
s
l
o
p
e
[
8
7
]
.
A
c
o
m
p
o
s
i
t
e
s
o
f
t
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
m
a
te
r
i
a
l
is
l
o
ca
t
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
o
r
c
o
r
e
,
a
n
d
a
H
al
b
a
c
h
p
er
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
t
w
o
-
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
i
s
l
o
c
at
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
;
g
o
o
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
n
d
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
a
r
e
t
w
o
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
o
f
th
i
s
d
e
s
i
g
n
[
8
8
]
.
K
h
o
s
h
o
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
8
9
]
s
t
a
t
e
t
h
a
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
at
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
r
o
t
o
r
,
t
h
e
f
l
u
x
g
a
p
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
e
d
c
a
n
a
f
f
e
c
t
th
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
.
A
n
o
t
h
e
r
s
t
u
d
y
b
y
Z
h
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
9
0
]
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
at
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
e
d
r
o
t
o
r
d
e
s
i
g
n
s
c
a
n
h
el
p
i
n
b
e
t
t
e
r
m
a
n
a
g
i
n
g
e
d
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
o
s
s
e
s
,
e
s
p
e
ci
a
l
l
y
i
n
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
.
T
h
e
s
eg
m
en
ted
r
o
to
r
d
esig
n
o
f
DSPMM
h
as
a
m
ajo
r
in
f
l
u
e
n
ce
o
n
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ch
a
r
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
in
e.
R
o
to
r
s
eg
m
en
tat
io
n
allo
ws
f
o
r
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
m
ag
n
etic
lo
s
s
es,
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
co
g
g
in
g
to
r
q
u
e
,
a
n
d
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
to
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
ity
,
wh
ich
o
v
er
all
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
en
g
in
e.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
h
as
also
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
r
e
d
u
ce
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
en
ts
an
d
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
b
etter
th
er
m
al
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
m
ak
in
g
it
an
attr
ac
tiv
e
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
a
wid
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
m
o
d
er
n
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
elec
tr
ic
v
eh
icle
s
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
DSP
MM
c
o
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
wo
s
tat
o
r
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
e
i
n
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
w
a
y
s
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
T
o
r
ed
u
ce
ed
d
y
cu
r
r
e
n
t
l
o
s
s
es
,
ea
c
h
s
t
at
o
r
is
t
y
p
ic
all
y
co
n
s
t
r
u
ct
e
d
wi
th
a
c
o
r
e
m
a
d
e
o
f
l
am
i
n
ate
d
s
teel
.
T
h
e
s
ta
to
r
is
e
q
u
i
p
p
ed
wit
h
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
a
te
d
a
r
m
at
u
r
e
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
ay
b
e
li
n
k
e
d
in
p
a
r
a
lle
l
o
r
s
er
ies
d
e
p
e
n
d
i
n
g
o
n
t
h
e
d
esir
e
d
o
u
t
p
u
t
c
h
ar
ac
t
er
is
ti
cs.
I
n
m
an
y
d
es
ig
n
s
,
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
ets
(
PM
)
a
r
e
ar
r
a
n
g
e
d
i
n
a
r
a
d
i
u
s
-
li
k
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
i
n
s
i
d
e
a
s
ta
to
r
.
T
h
is
s
etti
n
g
all
o
ws
f
o
r
e
f
f
ec
t
iv
e
f
l
u
x
f
o
c
u
s
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
r
e
b
y
i
n
c
r
ea
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
d
e
n
s
it
y
o
f
t
h
e
ai
r
g
a
p
f
lu
x
a
n
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
i
n
g
to
r
q
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
.
T
h
e
d
o
u
b
l
e
s
t
at
o
r
c
a
n
b
e
d
iv
i
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
s
ev
er
al
s
eg
m
e
n
ts
.
T
h
is
s
e
g
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
i
s
u
s
u
al
ly
a
p
p
li
ed
t
o
t
h
e
s
ta
to
r
t
ee
t
h
t
h
at
h
o
l
d
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
ets a
n
d
w
in
d
i
n
g
,
s
o
th
a
t
t
h
e
r
e
ca
n
b
e
a
m
o
r
e
e
v
e
n
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
f
l
u
x
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
,
w
h
ic
h
ca
n
r
e
d
u
ce
t
o
r
q
u
e
r
ip
p
l
es
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
e
f
f
ici
en
c
y
as
w
ell
as
r
ed
u
c
e
v
i
b
r
at
io
n
a
n
d
n
o
is
e
t
h
at
o
f
te
n
o
c
cu
r
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
p
er
at
io
n
,
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
f
o
r
t
a
n
d
r
eli
ab
ili
ty
o
f
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
[
9
1
]
.
Sta
tes
t
h
a
t
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
ch
in
e
is
h
i
g
h
l
y
b
ase
d
o
n
t
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
7
5
1
-
7
6
8
760
g
e
o
m
et
r
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e,
i
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e'
s
e
lect
r
o
m
a
g
n
eti
c
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e.
S
tat
o
r
s
e
g
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
ca
u
s
es
wea
k
en
in
g
o
f
t
h
e
m
ag
n
etic
ci
r
c
u
i
t,
t
h
u
s
l
o
we
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
v
al
u
e
o
f
th
e
m
a
g
n
eti
c
f
l
u
x
d
e
n
s
it
y
(
B
)
a
n
d
will
r
ed
u
ce
i
r
o
n
l
o
s
s
.
T
h
is
is
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
a
d
d
iti
o
n
al
a
ir
g
a
p
an
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
t
o
f
c
u
t
ti
n
g
ed
g
es
(
c
u
t
-
e
d
g
e
e
f
f
ec
t
)
[
9
2
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
a
d
o
u
b
le
s
tato
r
h
y
b
r
id
e
x
cited
Halb
ac
h
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
ag
n
et
f
lu
x
r
e
v
er
s
al
m
ac
h
in
e
with
a
1
9
-
p
o
le
r
o
to
r
m
ac
h
in
e,
th
e
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
a
m
o
d
u
l
ar
E
-
s
h
ap
e
d
co
r
e
,
th
e
PM
is
l
o
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
o
u
ter
an
d
in
n
e
r
s
tato
r
,
w
h
ich
in
clu
d
es
th
e
s
p
o
k
e
-
ty
p
e
PM
a
n
d
t
h
e
PM
s
lo
t,
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
i
n
[
9
3
]
.
W
ith
6
in
n
er
s
tato
r
teeth
,
it
is
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
in
s
u
ch
a
way
th
at
th
e
teeth
with
PM
ar
e
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
teeth
.
Sp
o
k
e
-
t
y
p
e
PM
is
tan
g
en
tially
m
ag
n
etize
d
an
d
s
an
d
wich
e
d
b
etwe
en
a
m
o
d
u
lar
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
c
o
r
e.
Fig
u
r
e
5
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
a
s
p
o
k
e
-
t
y
p
e
PM
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
s
lo
t
an
d
s
p
o
k
e
-
PM
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
r
a
d
ially
to
g
e
n
er
ate
a
m
ag
n
etic
f
ield
.
F
ig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
with
Halb
ac
h
ar
r
ay
s
an
d
DC
f
ield
win
d
i
n
g
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
ag
n
etic
f
ie
ld
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
th
e
r
esu
ltin
g
f
ield
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
is
d
esig
n
allo
ws
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
icien
t
ter
r
ain
co
n
t
r
o
l,
g
en
e
r
ates
m
o
r
e
to
r
q
u
e
,
r
ed
u
ce
s
co
g
g
in
g
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ef
f
icien
cy
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
o
p
o
lo
g
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
(
a)
s
tan
d
ar
d
HE
-
FS
PM
en
g
in
e
an
d
(
b
)
o
f
f
er
ed
DS
-
HE
-
HPM
-
FS
en
g
in
e
[
9
3
]
I
t
is
k
n
o
wn
f
r
o
m
Fig
u
r
e
5
th
at
th
e
ex
ter
n
al
s
tato
r
is
s
et
u
p
an
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
m
o
d
u
lar
c
o
r
e
s
im
ilar
to
a
b
en
ch
m
ar
k
in
g
m
ac
h
in
e.
Per
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
ets
(
PM)
ar
e
p
lace
d
o
n
t
h
e
o
u
te
r
an
d
in
n
er
s
tato
r
s
th
at
h
av
e
6
teet
h
,
wh
ich
ar
e
a
r
r
an
g
ed
i
n
p
a
r
allel
with
th
e
p
er
m
an
e
n
t
m
ag
n
ets
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
PM
s
p
o
k
e
an
d
PM
s
lo
t
ty
p
es.
T
h
e
s
p
o
k
en
-
ty
p
e
PM
is
tan
g
en
tially
m
ag
n
etize
d
an
d
p
lace
d
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
E
s
h
ap
e
d
m
o
d
u
lar
c
o
r
es.
J
MA
G
-
d
esig
n
er
v
er
s
io
n
1
4
.
0
was
u
s
ed
o
n
[
8
3
]
DS
PMSFM
co
m
p
u
ter
s
.
Seg
m
en
te
d
d
esig
n
s
g
en
er
ate
m
ag
n
etic
f
l
u
x
le
v
els
th
at
ar
e
4
0
%
lar
g
er
th
a
n
u
n
s
eg
m
en
ted
d
esig
n
s
,
ac
c
o
r
d
in
g
to
f
lu
x
r
e
latio
n
s
h
ip
s
tu
d
ies.
W
ith
a
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
d
if
f
er
en
ce
o
f
3
5
.
5
4
%
an
d
3
2
.
0
6
%,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
th
e
s
eg
m
e
n
ted
d
esi
g
n
o
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
u
n
s
eg
m
en
ted
v
e
r
s
io
n
o
n
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
co
llected
r
esu
lts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at,
in
ter
m
s
o
f
to
r
q
u
e
a
n
d
p
o
wer
,
s
eg
m
en
te
d
d
esig
n
s
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
u
n
s
eg
m
en
ted
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
e
e
n
g
in
e
h
as
a
g
r
ea
ter
to
r
q
u
e
d
en
s
ity
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
s
tato
r
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
wh
ich
p
lace
s
th
e
PM
ex
citatio
n
an
d
an
c
h
o
r
win
d
in
g
s
in
th
e
o
u
ter
an
d
in
n
er
s
tato
r
s
in
d
e
p
e
n
d
en
tly
,
as
well
as
th
e
lar
g
er
s
tato
r
ar
ea
[
9
4
]
.
Un
d
er
th
e
s
am
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
d
u
al
s
tato
r
SF
PM
with
1
2
s
tato
r
s
lo
ts
o
f
th
e
s
am
e
s
ize
ca
n
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
to
r
q
u
e
d
en
s
ity
th
at
is
r
o
u
g
h
ly
4
0
% lo
wer
th
an
t
h
at
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
6
-
s
tato
r
s
lo
t
p
a
r
titi
o
n
ed
s
tato
r
p
er
m
an
en
t m
a
g
n
et
m
ac
h
in
e
[
9
5
]
.
Awah
[
9
6
]
co
m
p
ar
ed
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
d
o
u
b
le
-
s
tato
r
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
m
ac
h
in
es
.
I
n
F
ig
u
r
e
6
(
a)
,
th
e
p
er
m
a
n
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
is
lo
c
ated
o
n
th
e
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
,
an
d
th
e
win
d
in
g
s
a
r
e
lo
ca
ted
o
n
t
h
e
in
n
e
r
an
d
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
s
.
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
et
is
lo
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
in
n
er
s
tato
r
,
an
d
th
e
win
d
i
n
g
s
ar
e
lo
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
s
.
I
n
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c
)
,
t
h
e
p
e
r
m
an
en
t
m
a
g
n
et
is
lo
ca
ted
o
n
th
e
i
n
n
er
an
d
o
u
te
r
s
tato
r
,
a
n
d
th
e
win
d
in
g
s
ar
e
o
n
th
e
i
n
n
er
s
tato
r
.
Fro
m
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
t
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
it
was
o
b
tain
e
d
th
at
th
e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
with
p
er
m
an
en
t
m
ag
n
ets
lo
ca
t
ed
in
th
e
in
n
er
an
d
o
u
ter
s
tato
r
,
an
d
th
e
win
d
in
g
s
wer
e
in
th
e
in
n
er
s
tato
r
,
h
ad
th
e
lar
g
est
to
tal
lo
s
s
an
d
th
e
least
ef
f
icien
cy
an
d
h
ad
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
d
em
a
g
n
etiza
tio
n
,
b
u
t
th
is
m
ac
h
in
e
h
ad
th
e
b
est
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
with
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
th
e
lar
g
est
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
to
r
q
u
e
an
d
was
r
ich
in
its
wav
ef
o
r
m
an
d
E
MF
am
p
litu
d
e.
T
h
e
D
SP
M
M
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
s
c
a
n
b
e
d
i
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
t
o
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
s
m
a
l
l
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
s
m
o
u
n
t
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
o
r
o
r
r
o
t
o
r
,
w
h
i
c
h
s
e
r
v
e
t
o
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
ti
o
n
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
e
n
g
i
n
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
i
s
p
e
r
m
a
n
e
n
t
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
h
e
l
p
s
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
ed
d
y
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
l
o
s
s
es
,
es
p
e
c
i
al
l
y
in
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
e
e
d
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
[
8
5
]
,
t
h
e
r
e
b
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
c
h
i
n
e
.
A
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
ti
o
n
m
a
k
e
s
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
a
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
e
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
o
f
m
a
g
n
e
t
i
c
f
l
u
x
,
w
h
i
c
h
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
es
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
as
e
d
t
o
r
q
u
e
d
e
n
s
i
t
y
a
n
d
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
e
n
g
in
e
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.