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ei
r
o
u
tc
o
m
es
.
2.
CO
NVEN
T
I
O
NA
L
CA
SCA
DE
D
H
B
R
I
DG
E
I
NVE
RT
E
R
An
au
x
iliar
y
cir
cu
it
an
d
an
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
attac
h
ed
in
s
er
ies
ar
e
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
f
iv
e
-
lev
el
s
in
g
l
e
-
p
h
ase
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
,
a
s
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
s
o
u
r
ce
s
an
d
n
ec
ess
ar
y
s
witch
es
ar
e
b
o
th
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
in
th
is
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
elec
tiv
ely
tu
r
n
in
g
o
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
s
witch
in
g
co
m
b
in
at
io
n
s
.
T
o
cr
ea
te
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
es
d
ep
en
d
in
g
o
n
th
e
s
tated
s
witch
co
m
b
in
atio
n
s
,
th
e
s
witch
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
p
r
o
p
er
ly
co
n
f
ig
u
r
e
d
,
as
is
im
p
lied
b
y
th
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
ed
.
W
h
en
S
2
an
d
S
5
s
witch
es
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
ON,
it
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
V
dc
.
T
h
e
s
witc
h
in
g
s
tates
o
f
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
a
l
ca
s
ca
d
ed
H
b
r
id
g
e
ar
e
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
T
ab
le
1
.
An
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
V
dc
/2
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
wh
e
n
b
o
th
s
witch
es
S
1
an
d
S
5
ar
e
to
g
g
led
ON.
I
t
g
en
er
ates
a
r
esu
ltan
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
0
wh
e
n
ev
er
s
witch
es
S
2
an
d
S
4
o
r
s
witch
es
S
3
an
d
S
5
ar
e
s
et
t
o
tu
r
n
ON.
I
t
ap
p
ea
r
s
th
at
eith
er
s
et
o
f
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
am
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el.
W
h
e
n
t
h
e
s
wi
t
c
h
e
s
S
1
a
n
d
S
4
a
r
e
a
c
t
i
v
a
t
e
d
,
a
-
V
dc
/
2
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
ag
e
i
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
.
S
4
a
n
d
S
3
a
r
e
t
u
r
n
e
d
o
n
a
n
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
i
n
g
a
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
o
f
-
V
dc
.
A
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
m
u
l
ti
l
e
v
e
l
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
o
n
s
i
s
ts
o
f
a
s
e
q
u
e
n
c
e
o
f
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
(
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
f
u
l
l
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
)
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
m
o
d
u
l
e
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
.
I
ts
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
is
t
o
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
b
y
u
t
il
i
z
i
n
g
m
u
l
ti
p
l
e
D
C
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
b
at
t
e
r
i
es
o
r
f
u
e
l
c
e
l
ls
.
T
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
i
z
e
d
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
c
a
s
c
a
d
e
d
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
i
s
d
e
p
i
ct
e
d
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
,
w
h
e
r
e
t
h
e
AC
t
e
r
m
in
a
l
v
o
l
t
a
g
es
o
f
e
a
c
h
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
a
r
e
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
.
U
n
l
i
k
e
d
i
o
d
e
-
c
l
a
m
p
e
d
o
r
f
l
y
i
n
g
-
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
,
t
h
is
d
e
s
i
g
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
-
c
l
a
m
p
i
n
g
d
i
o
d
e
s
o
r
b
a
l
a
n
cin
g
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
o
r
s
.
T
h
is
m
a
k
e
s
i
t
p
a
r
ti
c
u
l
a
r
l
y
s
u
i
t
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
p
p
l
i
c
a
tio
n
s
l
i
k
e
a
c
ti
v
e
f
r
o
n
t
-
e
n
d
r
e
c
t
i
f
ie
r
s
,
r
e
a
c
ti
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
c
o
m
p
e
n
s
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
ct
i
v
e
p
o
we
r
f
i
l
t
e
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
es
e
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
s
,
a
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
-
r
e
g
u
l
a
t
e
d
D
C
c
a
p
a
c
ito
r
c
a
n
s
e
r
v
e
as
t
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
.
T
h
e
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
tw
o
C
B
H
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
p
o
s
it
i
o
n
e
d
t
o
c
o
m
b
in
e
t
h
e
i
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
.
T
h
e
r
atio
o
f
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
a
u
x
iliar
y
an
d
p
r
im
ar
y
b
r
id
g
es
is
1
:3
.
Mu
ltil
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
lev
er
ag
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
escalatio
n
o
f
f
er
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ad
v
an
tag
es
in
p
o
wer
d
is
tr
ib
u
t
io
n
an
d
s
witch
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
u
s
e
o
f
th
ese
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
[
1
5
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
h
ase
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
is
g
en
er
ated
b
y
co
m
b
i
n
in
g
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
two
in
v
er
ter
b
r
id
g
es
,
ea
ch
d
esig
n
ed
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
th
r
ee
d
is
tin
ct
v
o
ltag
e
lev
els.
T
h
e
m
ain
b
r
id
g
e
g
en
e
r
ates
v
o
ltag
es
o
f
+3
V
dc
,
0
V
,
an
d
-
3
V
dc
,
wh
ile
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
b
r
id
g
e
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
+V
dc
, 0
V,
an
d
-
V
dc
.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
o
u
tp
u
t o
f
ea
c
h
b
r
id
g
e
is
d
et
er
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
c
o
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
o
f
its
s
witch
es.
W
h
en
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
ac
tiv
ated
,
th
e
b
r
id
g
e
d
eliv
er
s
a
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
ltag
e;
wh
e
n
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
s
witch
es
ar
e
ac
tiv
ated
,
it
d
eli
v
er
s
a
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e.
Fo
r
i
n
s
tan
ce
,
th
e
m
ain
b
r
id
g
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
+3
V
dc
wh
en
s
witch
es
S1
an
d
S2
ar
e
en
g
ag
ed
an
d
-
3
V
dc
wh
en
s
witch
es
S3
an
d
S4
ar
e
en
g
ag
e
d
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
b
r
id
g
e
o
u
t
p
u
ts
+V
dc
wh
en
s
wi
tch
es
S5
an
d
S6
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
an
d
-
Vd
c
wh
en
s
witch
es
S7
an
d
S8
ar
e
tu
r
n
ed
o
n
.
T
o
o
b
tain
a
n
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
+2
V
dc
,
s
witch
es
S
1
,
S
2
,
S
7
,
an
d
S
8
ar
e
ac
tiv
ated
,
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ai
n
b
r
id
g
e
with
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
b
r
id
g
e.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
to
ac
h
iev
e
an
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
-
2V
dc
,
s
witch
es
S
3
,
S
4
,
S
5
,
an
d
S
6
ar
e
en
g
ag
ed
,
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
ain
b
r
i
d
g
e
with
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
v
o
ltag
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
au
x
iliar
y
b
r
id
g
e.
T
h
is
s
et
u
p
all
o
ws
th
e
i
n
v
e
r
te
r
t
o
f
le
x
i
b
l
y
s
y
n
th
esi
ze
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
o
u
t
p
u
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
l
e
v
els
b
y
s
el
ec
ti
v
el
y
o
p
e
r
at
i
n
g
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
s
wit
ch
co
m
b
i
n
at
i
o
n
s
a
cr
o
s
s
t
h
e
m
a
in
an
d
a
u
x
ili
ar
y
b
r
i
d
g
es
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
v
er
s
ati
lit
y
in
m
e
eti
n
g
s
p
e
ci
f
ic
v
o
lta
g
e
n
e
e
d
s
[
2
1
]
-
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
o
f
c
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
C
HB
T
ab
le
1
.
Switch
in
g
s
tates o
f
th
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
C
HB
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
l
e
v
e
l
s
S
1
S
2
S
3
S
4
S
5
+V
dc
1
0
0
0
1
+V
dc
/2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
-
V
dc
/2
1
0
0
1
0
-
V
dc
0
0
1
1
0
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2088
-
8
6
9
4
B
u
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-
b
o
o
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t c
o
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r
ter F
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in
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l c
a
s
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H
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v
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(
S
h
o
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Dev
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d
ir
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)
1109
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
em
atic
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
C
HB
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
AND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
NS
C
ascad
ed
Mu
lti
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
’
s
T
HD
is
a
v
ital
p
ar
am
eter
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
s
ig
n
al
d
is
to
r
tio
n
d
u
e
to
h
a
r
m
o
n
ics.
Pu
r
e
s
in
e
wav
es h
av
e
m
in
im
al
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
co
n
ten
t,
wh
ile
s
tep
p
ed
wav
ef
o
r
m
s
s
h
o
w
h
ig
h
er
d
is
to
r
tio
n
[
2
3
]
-
[
2
5
]
.
O
n
g
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
aim
s
to
lo
wer
T
HD
v
alu
es
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
,
wit
h
ex
p
er
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Fig
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ed
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ter
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ith
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L
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ad
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e
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r
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th
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n
.
Fig
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r
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9
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ep
icts
th
e
v
o
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e
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
PV,
wh
ich
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1
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o
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.
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is
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n
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ig
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r
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r
ates
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c
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b
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lated
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ad
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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ig
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Fig
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Fig
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ated
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1
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atin
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t
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ith
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o
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ad
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t
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wh
ile
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o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
6
9
4
I
n
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w
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t
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16
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2
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u
n
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tili
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ad
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1
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in
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icati
n
g
im
p
r
o
v
ed
o
u
tp
u
t
cu
r
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t
q
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ality
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d
r
e
d
u
ce
d
d
is
to
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tio
n
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els.
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er
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tr
an
s
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g
f
r
o
m
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5
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to
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lev
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ML
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tem
with
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ad
r
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lts
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
o
u
tp
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t
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o
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e
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o
u
t
p
u
t
p
o
wer
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d
o
u
t
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
q
u
ality
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h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
t
h
e
ad
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n
tag
es o
f
em
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lo
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g
h
ig
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er
-
lev
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co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
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s
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o
r
im
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r
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er
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m
an
ce
in
v
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io
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s
a
p
p
licatio
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s
.
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ab
le
2
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o
m
p
ar
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o
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o
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t v
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tp
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t p
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o
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t
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t
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d
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7
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Fig
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r
e
1
2
.
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in
g
p
u
ls
e
f
o
r
in
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er
ter
M1
,
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u
r
e
1
3
.
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tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
ac
r
o
s
s
R
L
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ad
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u
r
e
1
4
.
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tp
u
t c
u
r
r
e
n
t th
r
o
u
g
h
R
lo
ad
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
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Fig
u
r
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t c
u
r
r
e
n
t T
H
D
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
.
Ou
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
s
im
u
latio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
f
o
r
a
5
-
lev
el
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
i
n
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
.
An
o
th
er
s
im
u
latio
n
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
b
u
ck
-
b
o
o
s
t
co
n
v
er
ter
with
a
9
-
lev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
th
ese
s
y
s
tem
s
was
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
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cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
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s
im
u
lated
f
o
r
a
m
o
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if
ied
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
n
i
n
e
-
l
ev
el
in
v
er
ter
s
y
s
tem
with
a
s
o
u
r
ce
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
.
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h
e
o
u
tp
u
t v
o
ltag
e
o
f
th
e
n
in
e
-
lev
el
m
u
ltil
ev
el
I
n
v
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ter
s
y
s
tem
was im
p
r
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
1
5
to
6
0
V.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
in
cr
ea
s
ed
f
r
o
m
1
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RE
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E
S
[
1
]
R
.
Jo
s
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,
L.
J
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h
-
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,
a
n
d
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.
F
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.
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2
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[
3
]
S
.
B
.
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5
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[
6
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S
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A
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p
u
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,
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[
7
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J.
S
e
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N
.
A
.
R
a
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m
,
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8
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S
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9
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