I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
P
o
wer
E
lect
ro
nics
a
nd
Driv
e
S
y
s
t
em
(
I
J
P
E
DS)
Vo
l.
1
6
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
1196
~
120
7
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/
ijp
ed
s
.
v
1
6
.
i
2
.
p
p
1
1
9
6
-
1
2
0
7
1196
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
p
e
d
s
.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
Co
mprehens
iv
e p
erforma
nce as
ses
sm
ent
o
f
a
12
-
M
W
g
rid
-
co
nnect
ed p
ho
tov
o
ltaic po
wer plant
Ya
s
s
ine
B
o
uro
um
eid
1
,
M
o
k
hta
ria
J
bil
o
u
1
,
Sey
f
E
dd
ine Be
chek
ir
1
,
Sa
id Ne
m
m
ich
2
,
E
s
s
a
m
a
Ahm
ed
G
ha
it
a
o
ui
1
,
M
o
s
t
ef
a
B
ra
ha
m
i
1
1
L
a
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
I
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
a
n
d
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
P
o
w
e
r
S
y
st
e
m
I
C
E
P
S
,
D
e
p
a
r
t
men
t
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
F
a
c
u
l
t
y
o
f
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
,
D
j
i
l
a
l
i
Li
a
b
e
s
U
n
i
v
e
r
si
t
y
o
f
S
i
d
i
B
e
l
A
b
b
e
s,
S
i
d
i
B
e
l
A
b
b
è
s
,
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
2
A
P
E
LE
C
La
b
o
r
a
t
o
r
y
,
D
j
i
l
l
a
l
i
L
i
a
b
e
s
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
S
i
d
i
B
e
l
-
A
b
b
e
s
,
S
i
d
i
B
e
l
A
b
b
è
s
,
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Sep
5
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
J
an
1
6
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
Ma
r
1
,
2
0
2
5
T
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
d
e
m
a
n
d
f
o
r
e
l
e
c
t
r
ic
i
t
y
,
d
r
i
v
e
n
b
y
s
u
s
t
a
i
n
e
d
p
o
p
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
g
r
o
w
t
h
,
h
a
s
p
l
a
c
e
d
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
a
b
l
e
p
r
e
ss
u
r
e
o
n
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
’
s
p
o
w
e
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
f
r
a
s
t
r
u
c
t
u
re
t
o
e
x
p
a
n
d
i
t
s
o
u
t
p
u
t
.
I
n
p
a
r
a
l
l
e
l
,
t
h
e
s
h
a
r
p
d
e
c
l
i
n
e
i
n
t
h
e
c
o
s
t
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
(
P
V
)
e
le
c
t
r
ic
i
t
y
a
n
d
t
h
e
r
i
s
i
n
g
t
a
r
i
ff
s
o
n
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
h
a
v
e
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
f
i
e
d
i
n
t
e
re
s
t
i
n
P
V
-
b
a
s
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
ic
i
t
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
.
A
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
l
y
,
p
r
e
c
i
s
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
n
u
a
l
a
n
d
m
o
n
t
h
l
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
s
o
l
a
r
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
s
h
a
s
b
e
c
o
m
e
e
ss
e
n
ti
a
l
f
o
r
t
h
e
o
p
t
i
m
a
l
d
e
s
i
g
n
a
n
d
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
o
f
n
e
w
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
ie
s
.
T
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
p
e
r
f
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
ss
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
1
2
M
W
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
l
o
c
a
te
d
i
n
S
i
d
i
B
e
l
A
b
b
è
s
,
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
.
R
e
a
l
-
t
im
e
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
d
a
t
a
we
r
e
c
o
l
le
c
te
d
o
v
e
r
a
o
n
e
-
y
e
a
r
p
e
r
i
o
d
,
f
r
o
m
J
a
n
u
a
r
y
1
s
t
t
o
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
3
1
s
t
,
2
0
2
3
.
K
e
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
d
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
,
f
i
n
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
(
Y
f
)
,
a
n
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
ra
t
i
o
(
P
R
)
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
t
h
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
p
la
n
t
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
e
d
a
t
o
t
a
l
o
f
2
0
,
7
8
0
.
6
7
M
W
h
t
o
t
h
e
g
r
i
d
i
n
2
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
a
l
y
i
e
l
d
r
a
n
g
e
d
f
r
o
m
3
.
2
5
t
o
5
.
8
8
k
W
h
/
k
W
p
,
w
h
i
l
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
r
a
t
i
o
v
a
r
ie
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
7
9
%
a
n
d
8
9
.
7
1
%
.
T
h
e
a
n
n
u
a
l
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
w
a
s
c
a
lc
u
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
b
e
1
9
.
4
4
%
.
T
h
e
s
e
e
m
p
i
r
ic
a
l
re
s
u
l
t
s
a
re
c
o
m
p
a
re
d
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
s
i
m
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
u
t
p
u
t
s
o
b
t
a
i
n
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
P
V
s
y
s
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
S
o
l
a
r
G
I
S
-
P
V
P
l
a
n
n
e
r
t
o
o
l
s
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
Alg
er
ia
Gr
id
co
n
n
ec
te
d
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
PVs
y
s
t so
f
twar
e
SC
ADA
s
y
s
tem
So
lar
GI
S PV
p
lan
n
er
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
Yass
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
m
eid
L
ab
o
r
ato
r
y
I
n
tellig
en
t Co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
E
lectr
ical
Po
wer
Sy
s
tem
I
C
E
PS
,
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
i
ca
l E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
Facu
lty
o
f
E
lectr
ical
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
,
Djilali L
iab
es
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Sid
i Bel Ab
b
es
Sid
i Bel Ab
b
ès,
Alg
er
ia
E
m
ail: b
o
u
r
o
u
m
eid
.
y
ass
in
e@
y
ah
o
o
.
co
m
NO
M
E
N
CL
A
T
UR
E
0
:
P
e
a
k
p
o
w
e
r
(
k
W
p
)
:
D
i
r
e
ct
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
:
D
a
i
l
y
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
ti
o
n
(
k
W
h
/m
2
)
:
A
l
t
e
r
n
at
i
n
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
G
l
o
b
H
o
r
:
H
o
r
i
z
o
n
t
a
l
g
l
o
b
a
l
i
r
r
a
d
i
at
i
o
n
(
k
W
h
/
m
2
)
T
A
m
b
:
A
m
b
i
e
n
t
te
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
(
°C
)
G
l
o
b
E
f
f
:
E
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
c
e
(
k
W
h
/
m
²
)
G
l
o
b
I
n
c
:
G
l
o
b
a
l
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
ci
d
e
n
t
o
n
t
h
e
c
o
l
l
e
ct
o
r
p
l
a
n
e
(
k
W
h
/
m
²
)
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
E
n
er
g
y
is
a
k
ey
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
s
o
cio
ec
o
n
o
m
ic
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
elec
tr
icity
in
p
ar
ticu
lar
h
a
s
b
ec
o
m
e
ess
en
tial
to
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
an
d
s
o
ci
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
h
as
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
d
r
a
m
atica
lly
o
v
er
th
e
last
f
ew
d
ec
ad
es;
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
t
o
r
ea
ch
7
3
,
0
0
0
T
W
h
b
y
2
0
5
0
an
d
r
is
e
at
a
3
.
1
%
y
ea
r
l
y
p
ac
e
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
His
to
r
ically
,
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
els
s
u
ch
as
c
o
al,
o
il,
a
n
d
n
atu
r
al
g
as
h
av
e
b
ee
n
th
e
m
ain
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
p
o
wer
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
ese
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
el
r
eser
v
es
ar
e
lim
ited
[
3
]
,
an
d
g
en
er
atin
g
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
em
em
its
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
g
r
ee
n
h
o
u
s
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f a
1
2
-
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
meid
)
1197
g
ases
(
GHGs)
[
4
]
,
en
d
an
g
er
in
g
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
t.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
clea
n
er
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
.
T
o
m
ee
t
f
u
tu
r
e
en
e
r
g
y
d
em
an
d
s
an
d
r
e
d
u
ce
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
im
p
ac
ts
,
alter
n
ativ
e
an
d
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
s
s
u
ch
as
s
o
lar
,
win
d
,
an
d
b
io
m
ass
ar
e
ess
en
tial
[
5
]
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
n
atio
n
s
ar
e
wo
r
k
in
g
h
ar
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
t
h
e
s
h
ar
e
o
f
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
in
th
eir
m
ix
o
f
p
o
wer
g
en
e
r
atio
n
.
I
n
r
e
g
ar
d
to
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
,
s
o
lar
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaics
(
PVs
)
ar
e
lead
in
g
th
e
way
d
u
e
to
th
eir
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
s
o
lar
ce
ll
ef
f
icien
cy
,
lo
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
c
o
s
ts
[
6
]
,
[
7
]
,
an
d
ea
s
ier
in
s
tallatio
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
o
s
e
o
f
o
t
h
er
r
e
n
ewa
b
les.
On
ce
p
lace
d
,
th
e
PV
p
a
n
els
b
eg
i
n
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
elec
tr
ic
ity
in
s
tan
tly
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
g
lo
b
e
r
ec
ei
v
es
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
3
.
8
×
10
14
k
W
o
f
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
ea
ch
s
ec
o
n
d
,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
f
r
ee
a
n
d
p
l
en
tifu
l
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
[
8
]
.
B
ec
au
s
e
s
o
lar
PV
h
as
a
s
h
o
r
t
p
ay
b
ac
k
p
er
i
o
d
,
it
h
as
p
r
o
v
e
n
to
b
e
a
lu
cr
ativ
e
in
d
u
s
tr
y
t
h
at
h
as
d
r
asti
ca
lly
lo
wer
ed
L
C
OE
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
R
en
ewa
b
le
E
n
er
g
y
A
g
en
cy
(
I
R
E
NA)
esti
m
ates
th
at
at
th
e
en
d
o
f
2
0
1
8
,
th
e
in
s
talled
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
s
o
la
r
PV
wo
r
ld
wid
e
r
ea
ch
e
d
4
8
0
.
3
GW
,
an
d
b
y
2
0
2
5
,
it
is
ex
p
ec
ted
to
clim
b
to
9
6
9
GW
[
1
0
]
.
W
ith
7
4
6
.
4
6
G
W
o
f
in
s
talled
ca
p
ac
ity
,
Asi
a
n
o
w
h
as th
e
h
i
g
h
est s
h
ar
e
o
f
PV in
s
tallatio
n
s
.
L
ik
e
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
n
atio
n
s
,
th
e
Alg
er
ia
n
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
t
h
as
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
th
e
"Na
tio
n
al
Pro
g
r
am
f
o
r
R
en
ewa
b
le
E
n
er
g
ies
an
d
E
n
er
g
y
E
f
f
icien
c
y
"
as
a
f
ea
s
ib
le
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
i
n
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
B
y
2
0
3
0
,
4
0
%
o
f
Alg
er
ia'
s
elec
tr
icity
d
em
an
d
ar
e
ex
p
ec
ted
to
b
e
s
u
p
p
lied
b
y
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
er
g
y
,
ac
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
th
e
c
o
u
n
t
r
y
'
s
n
atio
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
am
[
1
1
]
.
Du
e
to
its
co
n
s
id
er
ab
le
s
u
n
ex
p
o
s
u
r
e,
wh
ich
co
v
e
r
s
9
0
%
o
f
th
e
n
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
an
ar
ea
o
f
2
,
3
8
2
m
illi
o
n
k
m
2
,
C
h
in
a
h
as
co
m
m
itted
to
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
b
u
l
k
o
f
its
r
en
ewa
b
le
en
e
r
g
y
s
u
p
p
l
y
f
r
o
m
s
o
lar
PVs
[
1
2
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
[
1
3
]
,
t
h
e
ex
p
ec
ted
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
u
n
s
h
in
e
is
3
0
0
0
h
o
u
r
s
p
er
y
ea
r
,
an
d
th
e
d
aily
en
er
g
y
ca
n
r
ea
c
h
u
p
to
5
k
W
h
/
m
2
.
E
x
a
m
i
n
i
n
g
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
n
d
i
v
e
r
s
e
s
et
t
i
n
g
s
w
h
i
l
e
ta
k
i
n
g
i
n
t
o
a
c
c
o
u
n
t
m
a
n
y
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
s
h
as
b
e
e
n
a
s
u
b
j
e
c
t o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
[
1
4
]
u
s
e
d
r
e
a
l
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
m
et
r
i
cs
to
t
r
a
c
k
a
PV
s
y
s
t
em
i
n
T
a
n
g
i
e
r
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
y
e
a
r
.
T
h
e
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
'
s
e
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
b
y
a
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
o
r
o
f
1
4
.
8
3
%
a
n
d
a
y
e
a
r
l
y
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
r
a
t
i
o
o
f
7
9
%
.
I
n
a
s
i
m
i
l
a
r
v
e
i
n
,
[
1
5
]
e
x
a
m
i
n
e
d
t
h
e
o
p
e
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
a
5
0
M
W
P
V
p
r
o
j
e
c
t
i
n
s
o
u
t
h
e
r
n
I
n
d
ia
u
s
i
n
g
S
C
A
D
A
d
a
t
a
f
r
o
m
A
p
r
il
2
0
1
8
t
o
M
a
r
c
h
2
0
1
9
.
T
h
e
c
a
p
a
ci
t
y
u
ti
l
i
z
at
i
o
n
f
a
ct
o
r
a
n
d
y
e
a
r
l
y
a
v
e
r
a
g
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
r
a
ti
o
y
i
e
l
d
e
d
v
al
u
e
s
o
f
2
4
.
6
5
%
a
n
d
7
9
.
9
4
%
,
r
e
s
p
e
ct
i
v
e
l
y
.
T
o
e
v
al
u
a
t
e
t
h
e
q
u
a
l
it
y
o
f
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
ts
o
f
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
p
r
e
c
i
s
e
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
o
n
P
V
s
y
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
t
h
e
a
u
t
h
o
r
s
o
f
[
1
6
]
c
a
r
r
i
e
d
o
u
t
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
is
o
f
t
i
m
e
s
e
r
i
es
d
a
t
a
b
a
s
es
o
f
P
V
s
y
s
te
m
s
d
e
p
l
o
y
e
d
i
n
E
u
r
o
p
e
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
l
at
e
d
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
is
t
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
.
[
1
7
]
i
n
M
al
a
y
s
i
a
c
o
n
ce
n
t
r
a
t
e
d
o
n
u
ti
l
iz
i
n
g
a
s
t
r
ai
g
h
t
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
ts
t
o
d
et
e
r
m
i
n
e
t
h
e
d
e
s
i
r
e
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
.
T
h
e
d
e
p
e
n
d
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
t
a
r
g
e
t
-
o
r
i
e
n
t
e
d
m
o
d
e
l
w
as
p
r
o
v
e
n
b
y
e
a
r
l
i
e
r
i
n
v
es
t
i
g
a
ti
o
n
s
.
A
f
t
e
r
1
2
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
f
a
c
il
i
t
y
i
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
S
p
a
i
n
w
as
e
v
al
u
a
t
e
d
b
y
[
1
8
]
u
t
i
l
i
zi
n
g
o
n
-
s
i
t
e
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
2
0
2
0
a
n
d
t
w
o
a
d
d
i
ti
o
n
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
e
s
,
t
h
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
al
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
is
ti
c
a
l
m
o
d
e
l
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
e
s
t
m
e
t
h
o
d
.
W
h
e
n
m
e
t
r
i
c
p
a
r
a
m
e
t
e
r
s
w
e
r
e
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
d
,
t
h
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
f
o
r
e
s
t
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
d
g
o
o
d
r
e
s
u
l
ts
w
h
e
n
s
i
m
p
le
a
m
b
i
e
n
t
t
e
m
p
e
r
at
u
r
e
a
n
d
s
u
n
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
as
i
n
p
u
ts
.
U
s
i
n
g
b
o
t
h
m
e
as
u
r
e
d
d
a
t
a
a
n
d
t
h
e
P
VG
I
S
d
at
a
b
a
s
e,
[
1
9
]
a
s
s
es
s
e
d
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
Z
a
g
t
o
u
l
i
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
s
o
l
a
r
p
o
w
e
r
s
t
a
ti
o
n
(
Z
G
C
S
PS
)
.
Ho
wev
er
,
r
esear
ch
ev
alu
atin
g
lar
g
e
-
s
ca
le
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
in
Alg
er
ia
b
y
co
m
p
ar
i
n
g
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
s
im
u
lated
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
is
lim
ited
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
aim
ed
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
v
alu
es
o
f
th
e
Sid
i
B
el
-
Ab
b
es
PV
p
lan
t
f
o
r
th
e
y
ea
r
2
0
2
3
with
v
alu
es
s
im
u
lated
b
y
b
o
th
PV
s
y
s
t
an
d
th
e
s
o
l
ar
GI
S
-
PV
p
lan
n
er
.
T
h
is
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
allo
ws
u
s
to
ass
ess
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
izin
g
s
o
f
twar
e
in
t
h
e
r
eg
io
n
f
o
r
p
r
ed
ictin
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
in
s
tallatio
n
o
f
o
th
e
r
PV
p
la
n
ts
in
Alg
er
ia.
T
h
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
in
d
icato
r
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
a
tio
,
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ac
to
r
,
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
d
i
r
r
ad
iatio
n
.
2.
DE
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
S
O
L
AR
P
V
-
G
RID SY
ST
E
M
2
.
1
.
G
eo
g
r
a
ph
ica
l
lo
ca
t
io
n
of
t
he
s
it
e
T
h
e
Sid
i
B
el
-
Ab
b
es
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t,
lo
ca
ted
i
n
Alg
er
ia,
h
as
a
ca
p
ac
ity
o
f
1
2
MW
(
Fig
u
r
e
1
)
.
I
t is si
tu
ated
at
a
lo
n
g
itu
d
e
o
f
-
0
.
6
′′
N
an
d
a
latitu
d
e
o
f
3
4
.
6
9
′′
E
.
I
ts
altitu
d
e
is
1
,
329
m
[
2
0
]
.
2
.
2
.
P
l
a
nt
la
y
o
ut
T
h
e
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
c
o
v
e
r
s
3
3
.
5
9
h
e
c
t
a
r
e
s
a
n
d
h
a
s
a
t
o
t
a
l
p
o
w
er
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
1
2
m
e
g
a
w
at
ts
.
T
h
e
f
a
c
i
l
it
y
d
i
v
i
d
e
s
t
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
t
o
s
i
x
s
k
id
s
.
E
a
c
h
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
s
k
i
d
h
a
s
a
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
t
e
l
y
2
MW
p
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
F
i
g
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
c
o
m
b
i
n
e
d
p
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
o
f
a
ll
s
i
x
s
k
i
d
s
is
1
2
M
W
.
E
a
c
h
s
k
i
d
c
o
m
p
r
i
s
e
s
a
r
o
u
n
d
7
9
6
8
s
o
l
a
r
p
a
n
e
l
s
.
W
e
a
r
r
a
n
g
e
t
h
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
an
e
l
s
i
n
t
o
1
6
6
p
a
r
a
l
l
el
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
ed
s
t
r
i
n
g
s
,
e
a
c
h
s
t
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
i
n
g
o
f
1
2
p
a
n
e
l
s
c
o
n
n
e
c
te
d
i
n
s
e
r
i
es
.
A
p
ai
r
o
f
s
u
n
n
y
c
e
n
t
r
a
l
800
-
9
0
0
C
P
X
T
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s
l
i
n
k
s
t
h
e
s
t
r
i
n
g
s
.
2
.
3
.
Sp
ec
if
ica
t
io
n o
f
t
he
s
o
la
r
pa
nel
T
h
e
Dh
ay
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
em
p
lo
y
s
p
o
l
y
cr
y
s
tallin
e
s
ilico
n
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les,
s
p
ec
i
f
ically
th
e
HSL6
0
-
PB
-
1
-
2
5
0
m
o
d
el.
T
h
e
s
e
ar
e
f
ix
ed
-
tilt
p
an
els,
m
ea
n
in
g
th
ey
d
o
n
o
t
tr
ac
k
t
h
e
s
u
n
'
s
m
o
v
em
en
t.
T
h
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
1
9
6
-
120
7
1198
p
an
els
ex
h
ib
it
an
av
er
a
g
e
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
1
5
%.
T
h
e
o
p
en
-
ci
r
cu
it
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vo
c)
is
3
7
.
7
V,
wh
ile
t
h
e
s
h
o
r
t
-
cir
cu
it
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
I
s
c)
is
8
.
7
9
A.
T
h
e
p
an
els
ar
e
d
esig
n
e
d
to
o
p
er
ate
r
eliab
ly
with
in
a
te
m
p
er
atu
r
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
-
4
0
°C
to
+8
0
°C
.
T
o
e
n
s
u
r
e
o
p
tim
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
,
a
b
i
-
m
o
n
t
h
ly
clea
n
in
g
s
ch
ed
u
le
is
m
ain
t
ain
ed
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sid
i Bel
-
Ab
b
es p
h
o
t
o
v
o
ltaic
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Sch
em
atic
d
iag
r
am
o
f
a
s
k
id
2
.
4
.
P
o
wer
co
nd
it
io
nin
g
un
it
s
I
n
v
er
ter
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
co
n
v
er
t
th
e
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t
(
DC
)
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
m
o
d
u
les
in
to
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
,
wh
i
ch
is
es
s
en
tial
f
o
r
g
r
id
in
teg
r
atio
n
an
d
co
m
p
atib
ilit
y
with
m
o
s
t
elec
tr
ical
lo
ad
s
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
is
DC
-
to
-
AC
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
cr
itical
in
s
y
s
tem
s
wh
er
e
th
e
p
o
wer
s
o
u
r
ce
,
s
u
ch
as
PV
ar
r
ay
s
,
b
atter
ies,
o
r
r
ec
tifie
r
s
,
d
eliv
er
s
elec
tr
icity
in
DC
f
o
r
m
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
in
v
e
r
ter
in
s
talled
at
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
h
as
a
r
ated
o
u
tp
u
t
p
o
wer
o
f
8
8
0
k
W
.
I
t
o
p
er
ates
with
a
DC
in
p
u
t
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
,
2
7
0
.
9
A
an
d
an
in
p
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
,
0
0
0
V.
T
h
e
AC
o
u
tp
u
t i
s
d
el
iv
er
ed
at
a
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
3
6
0
V
a
n
d
a
cu
r
r
en
t
o
f
1
,
4
1
1
A.
2
.
5
.
Da
t
a
m
o
nito
ring
R
ea
l
-
tim
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
win
d
,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
an
d
s
u
n
r
ad
iat
io
n
is
av
ailab
le
f
r
o
m
a
wea
th
er
s
tatio
n
clo
s
e
to
th
e
f
ac
ilit
y
(
Fig
u
r
e
3
)
.
I
n
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
r
o
o
m
,
a
s
p
ec
ialized
s
er
v
er
with
SC
ADA
s
o
f
twar
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
en
t,
an
d
in
v
e
r
ter
p
o
wer
o
u
t
p
u
t
m
in
u
te
b
y
m
in
u
t
e.
T
h
e
wea
th
er
s
tatio
n
'
s
am
b
ien
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
a
n
d
s
u
n
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
ar
e
also
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
f
ac
ilit
ates
d
ata
f
lo
w
ac
r
o
s
s
a
b
u
s
an
d
g
u
ar
an
tees
ef
f
icie
n
t
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
elec
tr
ical
an
d
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
th
e
SC
ADA
s
o
f
twar
e
o
p
tim
izes p
lan
t p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
s
im
p
lify
in
g
r
etr
iev
al
an
d
an
aly
s
is
[
2
3
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
W
ea
th
er
s
tatio
n
an
d
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
r
o
o
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f a
1
2
-
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
meid
)
1199
3.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
F
O
R
AS
SE
S
SI
NG
T
H
E
P
E
RF
O
R
M
ANCE O
F
T
H
E
P
V
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
s
tag
es
co
m
p
r
is
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
s
o
lar
PV
p
o
wer
f
ac
ilit
ie
s
th
at
ar
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
g
r
id
:
˗
SC
ADA
d
ata
co
llectio
n
:
T
h
e
SC
A
DA
s
y
s
tem
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
d
er
iv
e
r
ea
l
p
o
wer
g
e
n
er
atio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
v
o
ltag
e,
c
u
r
r
en
t,
an
d
p
o
wer
)
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
e
v
alu
ate
th
e
s
y
s
tem
'
s
ac
tu
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
˗
Simu
latio
n
with
PV
s
y
s
t
:
PV
s
y
s
t
,
a
s
izin
g
s
o
f
twar
e,
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
im
u
late
th
e
th
e
o
r
etica
l
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
o
r
d
e
r
to
esti
m
ate
p
o
ten
tial y
ield
s
an
d
lo
s
s
es.
˗
Valid
a
tio
n
with
s
o
lar
GI
S:
So
lar
GI
S
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
im
u
late
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
b
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
ati
n
g
h
ig
h
-
p
r
ec
is
io
n
clim
atic
d
ata,
th
er
e
b
y
g
en
er
atin
g
a
s
ec
o
n
d
in
d
e
p
en
d
en
t th
eo
r
etica
l e
s
tim
ate.
˗
R
esu
lts
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
:
T
h
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
s
izin
g
to
o
ls
an
d
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
a
r
e
ev
alu
ated
b
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
r
ea
l
d
ata
co
llec
ted
v
ia
SC
ADA
with
th
e
s
im
u
lated
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
PV
s
y
s
t
an
d
s
o
lar
GI
S.
4.
SYST
E
M
P
ARA
M
E
T
E
RS
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
a
PV
s
o
lar
f
ar
m
is
ass
e
s
s
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
m
etr
ics
lis
ted
b
elo
w,
in
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
I
E
C
6
1
7
2
4
[
2
4
]
an
d
ad
d
itio
n
al
liter
atu
r
e
[
2
5
]
.
Ar
r
ay
ef
f
icien
c
y
:
=
⁄
(
1
)
I
n
v
er
ter
e
f
f
icien
cy
:
=
⁄
(
2
)
Sy
s
tem
ef
f
icien
cy
:
=
⁄
(
3
)
Ar
r
ay
y
ield
:
=
0
⁄
(
4
)
R
ef
er
en
ce
y
ield
:
=
0
⁄
(
5
)
Fin
al
y
ield
:
=
0
⁄
(
6
)
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
:
=
⁄
(
7
)
C
ap
ac
ity
f
ac
to
r
:
=
(
0
×
24
×
365
)
⁄
(
8
)
5.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
S US
I
NG
P
V
SYST
A
ND
SO
L
A
R
G
I
S
-
PV
On
e
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
s
d
esig
n
ed
to
g
a
u
g
e
a
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
is
ca
lled
PVs
y
s
t.
W
ea
th
er
d
ata
m
ay
b
e
im
p
o
r
ted
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
s
o
u
r
ce
s
.
U
s
in
g
a
d
ef
in
e
d
m
o
d
u
le
s
elec
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
th
is
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
m
ay
ass
ess
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
u
m
p
i
n
g
,
o
f
f
-
g
r
id
,
an
d
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
co
m
p
u
tes
th
e
s
y
s
tem
y
ield
s
u
s
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
h
o
u
r
ly
s
i
m
u
latio
n
d
ata,
an
d
it
d
o
es
s
o
with
ac
cu
r
ac
y
[
2
6
]
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
7
]
,
a
s
o
lar
GI
S
is
a
g
eo
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
d
esig
n
ed
s
p
ec
if
ically
t
o
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
is
p
latf
o
r
m
co
m
b
in
es
m
eteo
r
o
l
o
g
ical
an
d
s
o
lar
r
eso
u
r
ce
d
ata
in
to
a
web
-
b
ased
ap
p
licatio
n
s
y
s
tem
,
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
all
-
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
ass
is
tan
ce
f
o
r
th
e
d
esig
n
,
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
a
n
d
ad
m
i
n
is
tr
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
6.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
6
.
1
.
P
e
a
k po
wer
o
utput
So
lar
p
an
els
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
th
e
s
o
lar
r
ad
iatio
n
th
ey
c
o
llect
in
to
u
s
ab
le
p
o
wer
.
Po
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
o
n
b
o
th
t
h
e
am
b
ie
n
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
s
u
n
in
s
o
la
tio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
th
e
Dh
ay
a
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
f
o
r
th
e
l
o
n
g
est
an
d
s
h
o
r
test
d
ay
s
o
f
t
h
e
y
ea
r
,
wh
ich
h
el
p
s
to
illu
s
tr
ate
h
o
w
ir
r
ad
ian
ce
a
n
d
am
b
ien
t te
m
p
er
at
u
r
e
af
f
ec
t t
h
e
p
o
wer
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
s
h
o
ws
th
at
elec
tr
icity
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
g
r
ea
ter
in
J
u
n
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
ar
o
u
n
d
n
o
o
n
,
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
cu
r
v
e.
A
h
ig
h
er
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
d
ay
ap
p
ea
r
s
to
h
av
e
a
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
ef
f
ec
t
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
I
n
Dec
em
b
er
,
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
is
lo
wer
an
d
co
r
r
el
ated
with
lo
wer
a
n
d
m
o
r
e
v
ar
i
ab
le
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
,
as
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
1
1
a.
m
.
wh
en
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
d
u
e
to
cl
o
u
d
y
win
ter
wea
th
er
,
lea
d
in
g
to
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
A
lo
wer
an
d
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
s
ee
m
s
to
h
av
e
a
les
s
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
ese
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
h
ig
h
li
g
h
t
th
e
m
ajo
r
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
f
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
i
atio
n
o
n
PV
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
cti
o
n
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
in
ter
m
itten
t n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
is
en
er
g
y
s
o
u
r
ce
,
wh
ich
is
m
o
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
in
s
u
m
m
er
th
an
in
win
ter
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
1
9
6
-
120
7
1200
06
h:
00
07
h:
00
08
h:
00
09
h:
00
10
h:
00
11
h:
00
12
h:
00
13
h:
00
14
h:
00
15
h:
00
16
h:
00
17
h:
00
18
h:
00
19
h:
00
20
h:
00
0
5000
10000
Po
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
(kW
)
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
J
u
n
e
2
1
s
t
P
o
w
e
r
G
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
2
1
s
t
I
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
J
u
n
e
I
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
n
J
u
n
e
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
i
n
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
T
i
m
e
0
500
1000
I
rra
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
(W
/
m²)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
T
e
mp
e
ra
t
u
re
(°
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Dif
f
e
r
en
ce
in
p
o
wer
g
en
er
atio
n
b
etw
ee
n
J
u
n
e
a
n
d
Dec
em
b
er
6
.
2
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ra
t
i
o
(
P
R)
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
(
PR
)
is
alm
o
s
t 8
5
% o
n
a
y
ea
r
ly
a
v
er
a
g
e.
T
h
e
PR
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
n
th
o
f
A
u
g
u
s
t w
as
7
9
.
1
%,
wh
ile
th
e
PR
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
n
th
o
f
Dec
em
b
er
was
th
e
h
ig
h
est
at
8
9
.
7
1
%.
L
o
wer
PR
lev
els
in
d
icate
p
r
o
b
lem
s
s
u
c
h
as
im
p
r
o
p
e
r
s
y
s
tem
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
an
d
in
v
e
r
ter
f
au
lts
.
T
h
e
PR
v
alu
es
wo
r
k
as
in
d
icatio
n
s
o
f
s
y
s
tem
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
(
Fig
u
r
e
5
)
.
F
e
b
ru
a
ry
Ap
ri
l
Ju
n
e
Au
g
u
st
O
ct
o
b
e
r
D
e
ce
m
b
e
r
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
P
er
f
or
m
an
ce
R
at
i
o
C
ap
aci
t
y
F
act
or
M
o
n
t
h
s
Pe
rf
o
rma
n
ce
R
a
t
i
o
(%
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
C
a
p
a
ci
t
y
F
a
ct
o
r
(%
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Mo
n
th
ly
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
r
atio
an
d
ca
p
ac
ity
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f a
1
2
-
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
meid
)
1201
6
.
3
.
Ca
pa
ci
t
y
utiliza
t
io
n f
a
ct
o
r
T
h
e
ca
p
ac
ity
u
tili
za
tio
n
f
ac
to
r
(
C
UF)
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
1
3
.
1
%
to
2
4
.
5
%,
with
an
a
v
er
ag
e
o
f
1
9
.
4
4
%
ea
ch
y
ea
r
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
ely
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
y
ea
r
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
,
Alg
er
ian
PV
p
lan
ts
u
s
u
ally
d
is
p
lay
C
UF
v
alu
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
1
2
.
2
9
%
t
o
1
8
.
8
%.
T
h
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
in
C
UF
ar
e
ascr
ib
ed
t
o
lo
s
s
es
in
th
e
s
y
s
tem
th
at
ar
e
im
p
ac
ted
b
y
r
eg
io
n
al
wea
th
e
r
p
atter
n
s
.
I
t
is
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
t
h
at
th
is
p
lan
t'
s
av
er
ag
e
C
UF
o
f
1
9
.
4
4
%
clo
s
ely
m
atch
es
th
e
v
alu
es
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
s
o
lar
PV
f
ac
ilit
ies
in
Alg
er
ia
[
2
8
]
.
L
o
we
r
en
er
g
y
-
g
e
n
e
r
atin
g
co
s
ts
ar
e
im
p
lied
b
y
a
g
r
ea
ter
C
UF (
Fig
u
r
e
5
).
6
.
4
.
E
nerg
y
g
ener
a
t
io
n
T
h
e
d
ata
wer
e
g
ath
er
e
d
m
a
n
u
ally
th
r
o
u
g
h
SC
ADA
s
o
f
twar
e.
T
ab
le
1
o
f
f
e
r
s
in
s
ig
h
t
s
in
to
th
e
m
o
n
th
ly
an
d
y
ea
r
l
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
PV e
n
er
g
y
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
m
eg
awa
tt h
o
u
r
s
(
MWh
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
is
n
o
tab
le
v
ar
iatio
n
in
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
lev
els
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
m
o
n
th
s
,
p
ea
k
in
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
u
m
m
e
r
an
d
d
ip
p
in
g
in
th
e
win
ter
.
I
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
Au
g
u
s
t
em
er
g
es
a
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
m
o
n
t
h
,
r
ec
o
r
d
i
n
g
a
m
o
n
t
h
ly
to
tal
o
f
2
,
1
8
1
.
5
MWh
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
Dec
em
b
er
h
as
th
e
lo
west
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
with
a
m
o
n
th
ly
to
tal
o
f
1
,
1
9
3
.
2
7
MWh
.
T
h
e
o
v
er
all
a
n
n
u
al
o
u
tp
u
t w
as 2
0
,
7
8
0
.
6
7
MWh
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Av
e
r
ag
e
en
e
r
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
er
m
o
n
t
h
M
o
n
t
h
s
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
a
i
l
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
(
M
W
h
)
M
o
n
t
h
l
y
e
n
e
r
g
y
(
M
W
h
)
Jan
u
a
r
y
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
M
a
r
c
h
A
p
r
i
l
M
a
y
Ju
n
e
Ju
l
y
A
u
g
u
st
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
N
o
v
e
mb
e
r
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
3
8
.
9
8
0
4
4
.
3
2
5
6
3
.
3
4
8
7
0
.
5
7
6
5
9
.
1
8
7
0
.
6
2
6
6
7
.
2
0
3
7
0
.
3
7
0
5
8
.
2
4
3
5
3
.
4
6
1
3
7
.
8
3
8
.
4
9
2
1
,
2
0
8
.
4
1
,
2
4
1
.
1
1
,
9
6
3
.
8
2
,
1
1
7
.
3
1
,
8
3
4
.
6
2
,
1
1
8
.
8
2
,
0
8
3
.
3
2
,
1
8
1
.
5
1
,
7
4
7
.
3
1
,
6
5
7
.
3
1
,
4
3
4
1
,
1
9
3
.
2
7
7.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
U
SI
NG
T
H
E
P
V
SYS
T
E
M
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
en
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
cc
u
r
s
in
Ap
r
il,
r
ea
ch
in
g
2
,
0
0
2
MWh
,
wh
ile
Dec
em
b
er
r
ec
o
r
d
s
th
e
lo
west
at
1
,
6
0
4
MWh
.
O
v
er
t
h
e
y
ea
r
,
a
to
tal
o
f
2
1
,
7
7
4
MW
h
is
in
jecte
d
i
n
to
th
e
g
r
id
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
ea
s
o
n
al
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
i
n
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
7
.
1
.
B
a
la
nces a
nd
m
a
in re
s
ults
T
h
e
wo
r
l
d
wid
e
in
cid
e
n
t
e
n
e
r
g
y
o
n
th
e
c
o
llecto
r
p
lan
e
r
ea
ch
es
2
,
2
6
0
.
9
k
W
h
/
m
2
an
n
u
ally
.
I
n
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
,
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
is
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
1
,
9
5
9
.
9
k
W
h
/y
ea
r
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
T
ab
le
2
,
t
h
e
PV
ar
r
ay
p
r
o
d
u
ce
s
a
to
tal
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
2
2
,
1
6
4
MWh
.
7
.
2
.
No
r
m
a
lized
pro
du
ct
io
ns
T
h
e
L
C
v
alu
e,
wh
ich
is
es
tim
a
ted
at
1
.
0
7
k
W
h
/k
W
p
/d
ay
,
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
clim
ate
-
r
elate
d
lo
s
s
es.
I
n
th
e
s
am
e
way
,
th
e
L
S
v
alu
e,
wh
ich
is
ca
lcu
lated
at
0
.
0
9
k
W
h
/k
W
p
/d
ay
,
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
lo
s
s
es
r
esu
lt
in
g
f
r
o
m
s
y
s
tem
is
s
u
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
y
ield
f
ac
to
r
,
o
r
YF
v
alu
e,
i
s
ca
lcu
lated
at
5
.
0
4
k
W
h
/k
W
p
/d
ay
,
as
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
7
.
3
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ra
t
i
o
T
h
e
y
ea
r
ly
a
v
er
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
is
8
1
.
3
%.
T
h
e
r
e
ar
e
m
i
n
im
al
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
b
et
wee
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
PVs
y
s
t
s
im
u
latio
n
s
an
d
t
h
e
ac
tu
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
SC
ADA
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
PVs
y
s
t m
o
d
el
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
ev
a
lu
atio
n
.
7
.
4
.
E
nerg
y
c
o
ns
er
v
a
t
io
n ste
p
T
h
e
u
n
it
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
f
o
r
g
lo
b
al
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
ir
r
ad
ia
n
ce
is
1
9
5
9
k
W
h
/m
.
On
t
h
e
co
llect
io
n
p
lan
e
,
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
r
ate
i
s
2
,
247
k
W
h
/m
.
E
lectr
ical
en
er
g
y
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
s
o
lar
p
a
n
els
u
s
in
g
in
cid
en
t
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
.
T
h
e
n
o
m
in
al
a
r
r
ay
en
er
g
y
r
ea
c
h
es
2
6
,
6
3
3
M
W
h
af
ter
th
e
PV
co
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
icien
c
y
o
f
t
h
e
PV
ar
r
ay
,
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
co
n
d
itio
n
s
(
STC),
is
1
5
.
4
8
%.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
2
,
9
8
8
MWh
o
f
v
i
r
tu
al
en
er
g
y
was
co
llected
f
r
o
m
th
e
ar
r
ay
.
T
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
r
ec
eiv
ed
at
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
u
t
is
2
1
,
7
7
4
MWh
af
ter
ac
co
u
n
tin
g
f
o
r
th
e
i
n
v
er
t
er
lo
s
s
es (
T
ab
le
3
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
1
9
6
-
120
7
1202
T
ab
le
2
.
B
alan
ce
s
an
d
m
ai
n
r
e
s
u
lts
M
o
n
t
h
G
l
o
b
H
o
r
k
W
h
/
m²
T_
A
m
b
°
C
G
l
o
b
I
n
c
k
W
h
/
m²
E
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
t
o
a
r
r
a
y
k
W
h
En
e
r
g
y
i
n
t
o
g
r
i
d
k
W
h
PR
Jan
u
a
r
y
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
M
a
r
c
h
A
p
r
i
l
M
a
y
Ju
n
e
Ju
l
y
A
u
g
u
st
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
N
o
v
e
mb
e
r
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
9
4
.
6
1
0
8
.
9
1
6
1
.
3
1
9
4
.
5
2
1
3
2
3
1
.
9
2
3
3
.
7
2
1
5
.
8
1
7
2
.
1
1
4
1
.
4
1
0
3
.
7
8
8
.
5
7
.
1
7
8
.
7
3
1
2
.
9
9
1
6
.
4
4
2
1
.
1
1
2
6
.
3
8
3
1
.
1
1
2
9
.
7
2
3
.
9
7
1
9
.
0
9
1
1
.
4
3
7
.
9
0
1
5
2
.
3
1
5
5
.
6
1
9
7
.
1
2
0
4
.
9
2
0
2
.
2
2
0
7
.
7
2
1
5
.
6
2
1
9
.
5
1
9
9
.
8
1
9
2
.
6
1
6
2
.
6
1
5
1
1
,
6
3
6
,
3
0
4
1
,
6
5
7
,
2
8
4
2
,
0
2
0
,
9
6
2
2
,
0
3
6
,
2
6
4
1
,
9
7
6
,
2
6
4
1
,
9
3
9
,
5
1
4
1
,
8
6
7
,
5
8
4
1
,
9
0
3
,
3
2
2
1
,
8
5
2
,
6
1
3
1
,
9
1
7
,
3
8
2
1
,
7
2
0
,
4
2
1
1
,
6
3
6
,
2
7
0
1
,
6
0
4
,
7
5
2
1
,
6
2
7
,
0
7
9
1
,
9
8
5
,
4
9
3
2
,
0
0
2
,
1
6
5
1
,
9
3
9
,
9
1
3
1
,
9
0
8
,
2
2
6
1
,
8
3
5
,
8
1
0
1
,
8
7
1
,
4
1
5
1
,
8
2
1
,
5
6
7
1
,
8
8
4
,
6
0
8
1
,
6
8
9
,
5
1
8
1
,
6
0
4
,
1
1
4
89
8
8
.
3
8
5
.
1
8
2
.
5
81
7
7
.
6
7
1
.
9
72
77
8
2
.
6
8
7
.
7
8
9
.
7
To
t
a
l
1
,
9
5
9
.
5
1
8
.
0
6
2
,
2
6
0
.
9
22
,
164
,
1
8
3
21
,
774
,
6
5
9
8
1
.
3
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
No
r
m
alize
d
en
e
r
g
y
p
er
m
o
n
th
T
ab
le
3.
L
o
s
s
ch
ar
t f
o
r
t
h
e
wh
o
le
y
ea
r
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
serv
a
t
i
o
n
st
e
p
En
e
r
g
y
(
M
W
h
)
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss
(
M
W
h
)
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss (
%)
A
r
r
a
y
n
o
m
i
n
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
A
r
r
a
y
v
i
r
t
u
a
l
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
t
M
P
P
A
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
a
t
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
26
,
633
22
,
988
21
,
774
4
,
1
4
5
3
,
6
4
5
1
,
2
1
4
1
5
.
5
7
1
3
.
6
9
5
.
2
8
8.
SI
M
UL
A
T
I
O
N
U
SI
NG
A
S
O
L
AR
G
I
S
-
P
V
P
L
ANN
E
R
8
.
1
.
Dire
ct
no
r
m
a
l
a
nd
diff
us
e
ho
rizo
nta
l ir
ra
dia
t
io
n
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
d
ir
ec
t
n
o
r
m
al
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
at
th
e
p
lan
t
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
i
n
J
u
n
e,
r
ea
c
h
in
g
2
0
1
.
6
k
W
h
/m
²,
wh
ile
th
e
lo
west
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
No
v
em
b
e
r
at
1
3
6
.
7
k
W
h
/m
².
Fo
r
d
if
f
u
s
e
h
o
r
iz
o
n
t
al
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
,
J
u
ly
r
eg
is
ter
ed
th
e
h
ig
h
est
v
al
u
e
at
8
4
.
3
k
W
h
/m
²,
a
n
d
Dec
em
b
er
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
th
e
l
o
west
at
2
7
.
4
k
W
h
/m
².
T
h
ese
v
ar
iatio
n
s
r
ef
lect
s
ea
s
o
n
al
s
h
if
ts
in
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
av
ailab
ilit
y
(
Fig
u
r
e
7
).
8
.
2
.
P
V
elec
t
ricit
y
pro
du
ct
io
n
T
h
e
elec
tr
icity
g
en
e
r
atio
n
at
th
e
p
lan
t p
ea
k
e
d
in
J
u
ly
at
1
9
5
7
MWh
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
h
ig
h
er
d
a
ily
s
u
m
o
f
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
elec
tr
icity
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
.
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
ely
,
Dec
em
b
er
h
ad
th
e
lo
west g
en
e
r
atio
n
at
1
4
0
8
MWh
.
Ma
r
c
h
an
d
Ap
r
il sh
o
wed
co
m
p
a
r
ab
le
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
,
b
o
th
r
ea
c
h
in
g
1
8
4
3
MWh
(
T
a
b
les 4
an
d
5
)
.
8
.
3
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
nce
ra
t
i
o
T
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
o
n
a
y
ea
r
ly
av
er
ag
e
is
8
0
.
7
%.
T
ab
le
s
4
an
d
5
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
r
e
ar
e
f
ew
d
is
cr
ep
an
cies
b
etwe
en
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
r
atio
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
S
o
lar
GI
S
-
PV
P
lan
n
er
an
d
th
e
r
ea
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
b
y
th
e
SC
ADA
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
er
s
io
n
o
f
s
o
lar
en
e
r
g
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
v
ar
io
u
s
s
tag
es
in
v
o
lv
es
a
s
er
ies
o
f
lo
s
s
e
s
an
d
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
th
at
g
r
ad
u
ally
d
im
in
is
h
its
in
it
ial
p
o
ten
tial,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
5
.
I
n
itially
,
th
e
g
lo
b
al
s
o
lar
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
at
th
e
in
cid
en
c
e
p
lan
e
is
ass
ess
ed
at
2
,
1
5
3
k
W
h
/k
W
p
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
ca
p
tu
r
e
d
b
y
th
e
s
o
lar
p
an
els
o
v
er
a
y
ea
r
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
v
alu
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
2
,
0
7
7
.
6
k
W
h
/k
W
p
d
u
e
to
ter
r
ain
s
h
ad
in
g
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
lo
s
s
o
f
3
.
5
%.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
g
lo
b
al
ir
r
a
d
iatio
n
is
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
2
,
0
3
0
.
6
k
W
h
/k
W
p
d
u
e
to
r
ef
l
ec
tiv
ity
,
wh
ich
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
o
f
2
.
3
%
d
u
e
to
lig
h
t
r
e
f
lectio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f a
1
2
-
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
meid
)
1203
o
n
s
o
lar
p
an
els.
T
h
e
r
em
ain
in
g
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
is
th
en
co
n
v
er
t
ed
in
to
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
(
DC
)
in
th
e
m
o
d
u
les,
with
a
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
1
,
8
9
1
.
8
k
W
h
/k
W
p
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
lo
s
s
o
f
6
.
8
%.
Af
ter
t
h
is
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
f
u
r
th
er
lo
s
s
es
in
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
en
t,
ev
alu
ated
at
1
,
8
2
3
.
8
k
W
h
/k
W
p
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
lo
s
s
o
f
3
.
6
%
d
u
e
t
o
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
ca
b
les.
Ne
x
t,
th
e
s
tep
o
f
co
n
v
er
tin
g
d
ir
ec
t
cu
r
r
e
n
t
to
alter
n
atin
g
c
u
r
r
en
t
(
AC
)
b
y
in
v
er
ter
s
in
cu
r
s
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
o
f
2
.
9
%,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
av
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
to
1
,
7
7
0
.
5
k
W
h
/k
W
p
.
T
h
ese
lo
s
s
e
s
co
n
tin
u
e
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
av
ailab
ilit
y
at
1
,
7
4
5
.
7
k
W
h
/k
W
p
,
wh
e
r
e
1
.
4
%
is
lo
s
t
d
u
e
to
o
u
tag
es
a
n
d
m
a
in
ten
an
ce
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
an
d
AC
wir
in
g
lo
s
s
es
ad
d
an
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
o
f
0
.
5
%,
b
r
in
g
i
n
g
th
e
f
i
n
al
av
ailab
le
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
to
1
,
7
3
7
k
W
h
/k
W
p
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
ese
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
s
tag
es,
s
o
lar
en
er
g
y
u
n
d
er
g
o
es
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
an
d
lo
s
s
es th
at
d
im
in
is
h
its
in
itial y
ield
.
J
a
n
Fe
b
M
a
r
Ap
r
M
a
y
J
u
n
J
u
l
Au
g
Se
p
O
c
t
No
v
De
c
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
D
i
r
ect
D
i
f
f
u
se
T
em
p
er
at
u
r
e
G
l
o
b
a
l
i
rra
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
(kW
h
/
m²)
5
10
15
20
25
T
e
mp
e
ra
t
u
re
(°
C
)
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Mo
n
th
ly
g
lo
b
al
s
o
lar
ir
r
ad
iatio
n
in
b
o
th
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
an
d
tilt
ed
(
in
-
p
lan
e)
o
r
ien
tatio
n
s
o
v
e
r
a
o
n
e
-
y
ea
r
p
er
io
d
T
ab
le
4
.
Mo
n
th
ly
to
tal
e
n
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
p
lan
t
M
o
n
t
h
En
e
r
g
y
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
m
o
n
t
h
l
y
su
m
k
W
h
/
k
W
p
En
e
r
g
y
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
d
a
i
l
y
su
m W
h
/
k
W
p
En
e
r
g
y
t
o
t
a
l
m
o
n
t
h
l
y
s
u
m
M
W
h
En
e
r
g
y
t
o
t
a
l
sh
a
r
e
P
R
r
a
t
i
o
(
%)
Jan
u
ar
y
F
e
b
r
u
a
r
y
M
a
r
c
h
A
p
r
i
l
M
a
y
Ju
n
e
Ju
l
y
A
u
g
u
st
S
e
p
t
e
m
b
e
r
O
c
t
o
b
e
r
N
o
v
e
mb
e
r
D
e
c
e
m
b
e
r
1
2
3
.
7
1
2
7
.
6
1
5
3
.
6
1
5
3
.
6
1
5
9
.
8
1
5
8
.
6
1
6
3
.
1
1
5
9
.
6
1
5
1
.
8
1
4
7
.
2
1
2
1
.
2
1
1
7
.
3
3
,
9
9
1
.
2
4
,
5
5
5
.
8
4
,
9
5
4
.
4
5
,
1
1
8
.
7
5
,
1
5
4
.
0
5
,
2
8
7
.
3
5
,
2
6
0
.
2
5
,
1
4
9
5
,
0
5
8
.
6
4
,
7
4
8
.
3
4
,
0
4
0
.
8
3
,
7
8
4
.
6
1
,
4
8
5
1
,
5
3
1
1
,
8
4
3
1
,
8
4
3
1
,
9
1
7
1
,
9
0
3
1
,
9
5
7
1
,
9
1
5
1
,
8
2
1
1
,
7
6
6
1
,
4
5
5
1
,
4
0
8
7
.
1
7
.
3
5
8
.
8
4
8
.
8
4
9
.
2
9
.
1
3
9
.
3
9
9
.
1
9
8
.
7
4
8
.
4
7
6
.
9
8
6
.
7
5
8
5
.
9
8
4
.
8
8
2
.
8
8
1
.
1
7
9
.
3
7
7
.
4
7
5
.
8
7
6
.
3
79
8
1
.
6
8
4
.
6
8
5
.
4
To
t
a
l
1
,
7
3
7
4
,
7
5
8
.
6
20
,
844
1
0
0
8
0
.
7
T
ab
le
5
.
T
o
tal
lo
s
s
es in
th
e
p
lan
t sy
s
tem
No
En
e
r
g
y
c
o
n
serv
a
t
i
o
n
st
e
p
En
e
r
g
y
o
u
t
p
u
t
(
k
W
h
/
k
W
p
)
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss
(
k
W
h
/
k
W
p
)
En
e
r
g
y
l
o
ss
(
%)
P
R
(
%)
1
G
l
o
b
a
l
i
n
-
p
l
a
n
e
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
(
i
n
p
u
t
)
2
,
1
5
3
1
0
0
2
G
l
o
b
a
l
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
t
e
r
r
a
i
n
s
h
a
d
i
n
g
2
,
0
7
7
.
6
7
5
.
4
-
3
.
5
9
6
.
5
3
G
l
o
b
a
l
i
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
r
e
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
2
,
0
3
0
.
6
47
-
2
.
3
9
4
.
3
4
C
o
n
v
e
r
si
o
n
t
o
D
C
i
n
t
h
e
mo
d
u
l
e
s
1
,
8
9
1
.
8
1
3
8
.
8
-
6
.
8
8
7
.
9
5
O
t
h
e
r
D
C
l
o
ss
e
s
1
,
8
2
3
.
8
63
-
3
.
6
8
4
.
7
6
I
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
s (D
C
/
A
C
c
o
n
v
e
r
si
o
n
)
1
,
7
7
0
.
5
5
3
.
3
-
2
.
9
8
2
.
2
7
Tr
a
n
sf
o
r
mer
a
n
d
A
C
c
a
b
l
i
n
g
l
o
ss
e
s
1
,
7
4
5
.
7
2
4
.
8
-
1
.
4
8
1
.
1
8
R
e
d
u
c
e
d
a
v
a
i
l
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
1
,
7
3
7
8
.
7
-
0
.
5
8
0
.
7
To
t
a
l
sy
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
1
,
7
3
7
4
1
1
21
8
0
.
7
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
6
9
4
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
,
Vo
l.
16
,
No
.
2
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
1
1
9
6
-
120
7
1204
9.
P
E
RF
O
RM
A
NCE
CO
M
P
A
RIS
O
N
T
h
e
o
u
tco
m
es
o
f
th
e
SC
ADA
d
ata
s
y
s
tem
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
ar
e
c
o
n
tr
asted
with
th
o
s
e
o
f
PVs
y
s
t
s
o
f
twar
e
an
d
th
e
s
o
lar
GI
S PV
p
lan
n
er
s
im
u
latio
n
s
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
as il
l
u
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
8
,
in
d
icate
a
n
ea
r
-
p
er
f
ec
t m
atch
b
etwe
en
th
e
r
ea
l
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
e
an
d
th
e
s
im
u
lated
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
ec
ast
b
y
PVSYS
T
an
d
s
o
lar
GI
S
f
o
r
th
e
wh
o
le
y
ea
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
ac
tu
al
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
io
n
clo
s
ely
alig
n
s
with
th
e
es
tim
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
PVs
y
s
t
an
d
s
o
lar
GI
S
s
im
u
latio
n
s
,
alth
o
u
g
h
it
ten
d
s
to
b
e
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
in
g
win
ter
,
a
n
d
s
lig
h
tly
g
r
ea
ter
in
s
u
m
m
er
.
T
h
is
s
ea
s
o
n
al
v
ar
iatio
n
is
at
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
s
u
n
lig
h
t,
wh
ich
is
m
o
r
e
a
b
u
n
d
a
n
t
in
s
u
m
m
e
r
,
as
well
as
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
wh
ich
is
lo
wer
i
n
win
ter
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
is
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
o
f
th
e
two
s
im
u
l
atio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
lead
to
in
ter
p
r
etatio
n
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
tin
g
th
at
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ten
d
to
s
lig
h
tly
o
v
er
esti
m
ate
PV
en
er
g
y
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
,
p
er
h
ap
s
d
u
e
to
s
lig
h
tly
in
ac
c
u
r
ate
m
eteo
r
o
lo
g
ical
d
ata.
Fe
b
ru
a
ry
Ap
ri
l
J
u
n
e
Au
g
u
s
t
O
c
to
b
e
r
De
c
e
m
b
e
r
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
En
e
rg
y
G
e
n
e
ra
t
i
o
n
(MW
h
)
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
e
d
r
e
s
u
l
t
P
V
S
Y
S
T
r
e
s
u
l
t
S
o
l
a
r
G
I
S
r
e
s
u
l
t
M
o
n
t
h
s
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Pe
rf
o
rma
n
ce
R
a
t
i
o
(%
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
e
n
er
g
y
g
en
er
atio
n
am
o
n
g
th
e
th
r
ee
r
esu
lts
10.
CO
NCULU
SI
O
N
An
an
n
u
al
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
e
v
alu
atio
n
was
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
a
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
te
d
1
2
MW
p
ea
k
p
o
wer
s
o
lar
PV
p
lan
t
s
itu
ated
in
Sid
i
B
el
Ab
b
es,
Dh
ay
a
ar
ea
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
led
to
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
im
p
o
r
ta
n
t
co
n
clu
s
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
lan
t
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
m
a
x
im
u
m
p
ea
k
p
o
wer
o
f
1
0
,
2
4
9
.
8
6
KW
an
d
a
lo
w
p
o
wer
o
f
4
7
.
1
0
2
KW
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
th
e
o
p
er
atin
g
y
ea
r
.
A
to
tal
o
f
2
0
,
7
8
0
.
6
7
MWh
o
f
p
o
wer
was
s
en
t
to
th
e
g
r
id
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
th
e
y
ea
r
,
with
Au
g
u
s
t
r
ec
o
r
d
in
g
t
h
e
h
i
g
h
est
to
tal
en
er
g
y
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
2
,
1
8
1
.
5
M
W
h
an
d
Dec
em
b
e
r
th
e
lo
west
at
1
,
1
9
3
.
2
7
MWh
.
T
h
e
f
ac
ilit
y
ac
h
iev
ed
a
ca
p
ac
ity
f
ac
to
r
o
f
1
4
.
8
3
%
an
d
an
an
n
u
al
av
e
r
ag
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
r
atio
o
f
7
9
%.
T
h
e
ac
tu
al
en
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
an
d
p
r
ed
icted
en
er
g
y
g
en
e
r
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
o
d
els
s
h
o
wed
s
tr
o
n
g
alig
n
m
e
n
t,
as
v
er
if
ied
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
r
o
m
PV
s
y
s
t
an
d
s
o
la
r
GI
S
-
PV
s
y
s
tem
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
th
e
1
2
MW
s
o
lar
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
d
em
o
n
s
t
r
ated
ex
ce
llen
t
ca
p
ac
ity
u
tili
za
tio
n
,
en
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
an
d
o
p
er
atio
n
al
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
with
an
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
ately
9
9
%
av
ailab
ilit
y
r
ate.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
will
aim
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ad
v
an
ce
d
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
lan
t'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
a
r
am
eter
s
o
v
er
a
s
i
x
-
y
ea
r
p
e
r
io
d
to
b
etter
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
its
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
o
p
er
atio
n
al
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
th
e
Gen
er
al
Dir
ec
to
r
ate
o
f
S
cien
tific
R
esear
ch
an
d
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ical
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t (
DGRS
DT
)
o
f
Alg
er
ia.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Po
w
E
lec
&
Dr
i Sy
s
t
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
6
9
4
C
o
mp
r
eh
en
s
ive
p
erfo
r
ma
n
ce
a
s
s
ess
men
t o
f a
1
2
-
MW
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
p
h
o
t
o
vo
lta
ic
…
(
Ya
s
s
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
meid
)
1205
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
id
n
o
t o
b
tain
a
n
y
p
ar
ticu
la
r
f
in
an
ci
n
g
f
r
o
m
p
u
b
lic,
co
m
m
e
r
cial,
o
r
n
o
n
-
p
r
o
f
it e
n
titi
es.
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
T
h
is
jo
u
r
n
al
u
s
es
th
e
C
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
to
r
R
o
les
T
a
x
o
n
o
m
y
(
C
R
ed
iT)
to
r
ec
o
g
n
ize
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al
au
th
o
r
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
r
ed
u
ce
au
th
o
r
s
h
ip
d
is
p
u
tes,
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ate
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Yass
in
e
B
o
u
r
o
u
m
eid
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mo
k
h
tar
ia
J
b
ilo
u
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sey
f
E
d
d
in
e
B
ec
h
ek
ir
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Said
Nem
m
ich
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
E
s
s
am
a
Ah
m
ed
Gh
aitao
u
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Mo
s
tef
a
B
r
ah
am
i
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
M
:
M
e
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
So
:
So
f
t
w
a
r
e
Va
:
Va
l
i
d
a
t
i
o
n
Fo
:
Fo
r
mal
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
I
:
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
R
:
R
e
so
u
r
c
e
s
D
:
D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
i
g
i
n
a
l
D
r
a
f
t
E
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
R
e
v
i
e
w
&
E
d
i
t
i
n
g
Vi
:
Vi
su
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
Su
:
Su
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
P
:
P
r
o
j
e
c
t
a
d
mi
n
i
st
r
a
t
i
o
n
Fu
:
Fu
n
d
i
n
g
a
c
q
u
i
si
t
i
o
n
CO
NF
L
I
C
T
O
F
I
N
T
E
R
E
S
T
ST
A
T
E
M
E
NT
Au
th
o
r
s
s
tate
n
o
co
n
f
lict o
f
in
t
er
est.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
D
a
t
a
a
v
a
il
a
b
i
li
t
y
is
n
o
t
a
p
p
l
i
ca
b
l
e
t
o
t
h
is
p
a
p
e
r
a
s
n
o
n
e
w
d
at
a
w
e
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
e
d
o
r
a
n
al
y
z
e
d
i
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
B
.
Y
a
s
s
i
n
e
,
J
.
M
o
k
h
t
a
r
i
a
,
S
.
E
.
B
e
c
h
e
k
i
r
,
N
.
S
a
i
d
,
O
.
N
.
B
.
E
l
K
h
a
l
i
l
,
a
n
d
B
.
M
u
s
t
a
p
h
a
,
“
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
n
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
’
s
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
:
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
f
i
n
a
n
c
i
a
l
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
”
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
i
n
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
r
i
n
g
a
n
d
E
x
a
c
t
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
2
2
–
1
7
3
9
,
M
a
y
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
5
4
0
2
1
/
s
e
e
s
v
5
n
1
-
0
8
7
.
[
2
]
Z.
L
i
u
,
“
G
l
o
b
a
l
En
e
r
g
y
I
n
t
e
r
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
”
G
l
o
b
a
l
E
n
e
r
g
y
I
n
t
e
rc
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
–
3
9
6
,
J
a
n
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
C
2
0
1
5
-
0
-
0
1
2
5
5
-
2.
[
3
]
A
.
M
a
h
e
sh
a
n
d
K
.
S
.
S
a
n
d
h
u
,
“
H
y
b
r
i
d
w
i
n
d
/
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
s
t
e
m
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
s
:
C
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
r
e
v
i
e
w
a
n
d
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s,
”
Re
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
a
n
d
S
u
st
a
i
n
a
b
l
e
En
e
r
g
y
Re
v
i
e
w
s
,
v
o
l
.
5
2
,
p
p
.
1
1
3
5
–
1
1
4
7
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
5
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
ser.
2
0
1
5
.
0
8
.
0
0
8
.
[
4
]
A
.
K
.
A
k
e
l
l
a
,
R
.
P
.
S
a
i
n
i
,
a
n
d
M
.
P
.
S
h
a
r
ma
,
“
S
o
c
i
a
l
,
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
l
,
a
n
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
a
l
i
m
p
a
c
t
s
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
st
e
ms,
”
Re
n
e
w
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
3
4
,
n
o
.
2
,
p
p
.
3
9
0
–
3
9
6
,
F
e
b
.
2
0
0
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
r
e
n
e
n
e
.
2
0
0
8
.
0
5
.
0
0
2
.
[
5
]
D
.
O
.
O
b
a
d
a
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
s
i
n
N
i
g
e
r
i
a
f
o
r
c
l
i
mat
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
m
i
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
C
a
s
e
S
t
u
d
i
e
s
i
n
C
h
e
m
i
c
a
l
a
n
d
En
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
ri
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
9
,
p
.
1
0
0
6
6
9
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
4
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
J.C
S
C
EE.
2
0
2
4
.
1
0
0
6
6
9
.
[
6
]
S
.
M
a
r
t
í
n
-
M
a
r
t
í
n
e
z
,
M
.
C
a
ñ
a
s
-
C
a
r
r
e
t
ó
n
,
A
.
H
o
n
r
u
b
i
a
-
Esc
r
i
b
a
n
o
,
a
n
d
E.
G
ó
me
z
-
Lá
z
a
r
o
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
l
a
r
g
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
o
w
e
r
p
l
a
n
t
s
i
n
S
p
a
i
n
,
”
En
e
rg
y
C
o
n
v
e
rs
i
o
n
a
n
d
M
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
v
o
l
.
1
8
3
,
p
p
.
5
1
5
–
5
2
8
,
M
a
r
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
c
o
n
ma
n
.
2
0
1
8
.
1
2
.
1
1
6
.
[
7
]
A
.
B
o
u
r
a
i
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
E
x
p
e
r
i
me
n
t
a
l
e
v
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
s
i
n
g
l
e
c
r
y
st
a
l
l
i
n
e
si
l
i
c
o
n
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
mo
d
u
l
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
S
a
h
a
r
a
n
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
me
n
t
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
1
3
2
,
p
p
.
2
2
–
3
0
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
2
0
1
7
.
0
5
.
0
5
6
.
[
8
]
R
.
A
r
o
r
a
,
R
.
A
r
o
r
a
,
a
n
d
S
.
N
.
S
r
i
d
h
a
r
a
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
ssessm
e
n
t
o
f
1
8
6
k
W
p
g
r
i
d
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
s
o
l
a
r
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
p
l
a
n
t
i
n
N
o
r
t
h
e
r
n
I
n
d
i
a
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Am
b
i
e
n
t
E
n
e
r
g
y
,
v
o
l
.
4
3
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
2
8
–
1
4
1
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
2
2
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
8
0
/
0
1
4
3
0
7
5
0
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
6
3
0
3
1
2
.
[
9
]
K
.
W
a
n
g
,
M
.
H
e
r
r
a
n
d
o
,
A
.
M
.
P
a
n
t
a
l
e
o
,
a
n
d
C
.
N
.
M
a
r
k
i
d
e
s,
“
T
e
c
h
n
o
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
s
o
f
h
y
b
r
i
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
-
t
h
e
r
m
a
l
v
s.
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
-
e
n
e
r
g
y
s
y
st
e
ms:
C
a
se
st
u
d
i
e
s
i
n
h
e
a
t
a
n
d
p
o
w
e
r
p
r
o
v
i
si
o
n
t
o
s
p
o
r
t
s
c
e
n
t
r
e
s
,
”
Ap
p
l
i
e
d
En
e
rg
y
,
v
o
l
.
2
5
4
,
p
.
1
1
3
6
5
7
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
a
p
e
n
e
r
g
y
.
2
0
1
9
.
1
1
3
6
5
7
.
[
1
0
]
A
.
A
.
I
mam,
Y
.
A
.
A
l
-
T
u
r
k
i
,
a
n
d
R
.
S
r
e
e
r
a
ma
K
u
m
a
r
,
“
Te
c
h
n
o
-
e
c
o
n
o
m
i
c
f
e
a
si
b
i
l
i
t
y
a
ss
e
ssm
e
n
t
o
f
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
P
V
s
y
st
e
ms f
o
r
r
e
si
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
b
u
i
l
d
i
n
g
s
i
n
S
a
u
d
i
A
r
a
b
ia
—
A
c
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
,
”
S
u
s
t
a
i
n
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
2
0
2
0
,
Vo
l
.
1
2
,
P
a
g
e
2
6
2
,
v
o
l
.
1
2
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
.
2
6
2
,
D
e
c
.
2
0
1
9
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
S
U
1
2
0
1
0
2
6
2
.
[
1
1
]
M
.
K
i
c
h
e
n
e
,
A
.
B
.
S
t
a
m
b
o
u
l
i
,
A
.
C
h
o
u
d
e
r
,
A
.
L
o
u
k
r
i
z
,
A
.
B
e
n
d
i
b
,
a
n
d
H
.
A
h
me
d
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
l
a
r
g
e
-
sca
l
e
g
r
i
d
-
t
i
e
d
P
V
p
l
a
n
t
u
n
d
e
r
h
i
g
h
p
l
a
t
e
a
u
c
l
i
mat
e
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
:
C
a
s
e
s
t
u
d
y
A
i
n
E
l
-
M
e
l
h
,
A
l
g
e
r
i
a
,
”
J
o
u
rn
a
l
E
u
ro
p
e
e
n
d
e
s
S
y
s
t
e
m
e
s
Au
t
o
m
a
t
i
ses
,
v
o
l
.
5
6
,
n
o
.
3
,
p
p
.
4
8
3
–
4
9
2
,
J
u
n
.
2
0
2
3
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
8
2
8
0
/
j
e
s
a
.
5
6
0
3
1
6
.
[
1
2
]
A
.
R
a
z
a
g
u
i
,
N
.
I
.
B
a
c
h
a
r
i
,
K
.
B
o
u
c
h
o
u
i
c
h
a
,
a
n
d
A
.
H
.
A
r
a
b
,
“
M
o
d
e
l
i
n
g
t
h
e
g
l
o
b
a
l
s
o
l
a
r
r
a
d
i
a
t
i
o
n
u
n
d
e
r
c
l
o
u
d
y
s
k
y
u
s
i
n
g
m
e
t
e
o
s
a
t
s
e
c
o
n
d
g
e
n
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
h
i
g
h
r
e
s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n
v
i
s
i
b
l
e
r
a
w
d
a
t
a
,
”
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
t
h
e
I
n
d
i
a
n
S
o
c
i
e
t
y
o
f
R
e
m
o
t
e
S
e
n
s
i
n
g
,
v
o
l
.
4
5
,
n
o
.
4
,
p
p
.
7
2
5
–
7
3
2
,
A
u
g
.
2
0
1
7
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
0
7
/
s
1
2
5
2
4
-
0
1
6
-
0
6
2
8
-
8.
[
1
3
]
Y
.
Z
a
h
r
a
o
u
i
,
M
.
R
.
B
a
s
i
r
K
h
a
n
,
I
.
A
l
h
a
mr
o
u
n
i
,
S
.
M
e
k
h
i
l
e
f
,
a
n
d
M
.
A
h
me
d
,
“
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
s
t
a
t
u
s
,
s
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
,
a
n
d
p
r
o
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
o
f
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
i
n
a
l
g
e
r
i
a
:
A
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
E
n
e
r
g
i
e
s
2
0
2
1
,
V
o
l
.
1
4
,
P
a
g
e
2
3
5
4
,
v
o
l
.
1
4
,
n
o
.
9
,
p
.
2
3
5
4
,
A
p
r
.
2
0
2
1
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
3
3
9
0
/
EN
1
4
0
9
2
3
5
4
.
[
1
4
]
K
.
A
t
t
a
r
i
,
A
.
E
l
y
a
a
k
o
u
b
i
,
a
n
d
A
.
A
ss
e
l
ma
n
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
a
n
d
i
n
v
e
st
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
g
r
i
d
-
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
e
d
p
h
o
t
o
v
o
l
t
a
i
c
i
n
s
t
a
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
,
”
E
n
e
r
g
y
Re
p
o
rt
s
,
v
o
l
.
2
,
p
p
.
2
6
1
–
2
6
6
,
N
o
v
.
2
0
1
6
,
d
o
i
:
1
0
.
1
0
1
6
/
j
.
e
g
y
r
.
2
0
1
6
.
1
0
.
0
0
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.