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n
f
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ata
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CC B
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C
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Yu
-
B
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g
L
ea
u
C
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b
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ity
R
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Facu
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Un
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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N
:
2
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8
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8
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I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
3
0
3
9
-
3
0
5
3
3040
As
th
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co
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NSF)
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u
tili
zin
g
th
is
n
am
e.
Nam
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
ar
e
s
ep
ar
ated
b
y
with
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
eith
er
f
o
r
war
d
s
lash
es
(
’
/’
)
o
r
p
e
r
io
d
s
(
’
.
’
)
an
d
h
av
e
a
s
em
an
tic
r
elatio
n
s
h
i
p
with
a
co
n
ten
t.
C
o
n
ten
t
n
am
es
m
ay
d
is
clo
s
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
r
o
u
ta
b
le
an
d
n
o
n
-
r
o
u
tab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
.
R
o
u
tab
le
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
ch
ar
ac
te
r
is
tics
th
at
ar
e
e
q
u
iv
alen
t
o
f
a
c
o
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
DNS
n
am
es
an
d
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
es.
T
h
ey
h
av
e
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
b
ei
n
g
ea
s
ily
r
ea
d
a
b
le
b
y
u
s
er
,
s
im
ilar
to
DNS
n
am
es,
an
d
th
ey
f
u
lf
ill
a
co
m
p
a
r
ab
le
f
u
n
ctio
n
to
I
P
ad
d
r
ess
es
b
y
d
ir
ec
tin
g
r
o
u
ter
s
to
th
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
d
esti
n
atio
n
f
o
r
d
ata
in
ter
ests
.
I
n
I
C
N
-
b
ased
a
r
ch
itectu
r
e,
p
r
iv
ac
y
h
as
alwa
y
s
p
r
o
v
en
el
u
s
iv
e.
T
h
e
n
ativ
e
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
NDN
th
at
ex
p
o
s
es
co
n
ten
t
n
am
es
g
i
v
es
r
is
e
to
co
n
ce
r
n
s
o
v
e
r
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
n
am
es.
Nam
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
r
ef
er
s
to
th
e
lev
el
o
f
p
u
b
lic
d
is
clo
s
u
r
e
o
f
co
n
te
n
t
n
am
es
in
NDN,
wh
ich
h
as
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
u
n
d
er
m
in
e
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
o
f
th
e
n
a
m
e
in
an
I
n
ter
est p
ac
k
et
p
u
ts
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
at
r
is
k
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
h
o
w
im
p
o
r
tan
t o
f
p
r
eser
v
in
g
t
h
ese
n
am
es
in
o
r
d
er
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
r
e
v
iewin
g
ex
i
s
tin
g
n
am
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
to
g
ain
an
in
-
d
e
p
th
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
es,
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
th
e
n
ativ
e
f
ea
tu
r
es o
f
NDN.
T
h
is
s
u
r
v
ey
ar
ticle
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
ch
allen
g
es
in
NDN.
W
h
ile
ND
N
ab
le
m
itig
ates
m
an
y
s
ec
u
r
ity
is
s
u
es
a
s
s
o
ciate
d
with
I
P
an
d
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
in
ter
esti
n
g
n
o
v
el
s
ec
u
r
ity
f
ea
tu
r
es,
it
also
p
r
esen
ts
n
ew
ch
allen
g
es
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
.
So
m
e
o
f
th
ese
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ca
n
b
e
r
eso
lv
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
is
tin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
,
wh
ile
o
th
er
s
r
eq
u
ir
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
ar
ch
itect
u
r
al
ch
an
g
es.
B
y
d
r
awin
g
atte
n
tio
n
to
th
ese
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lex
ch
allen
g
es,
we
h
o
p
e
to
en
co
u
r
ag
e
g
r
ea
ter
in
ter
est
an
d
s
p
u
r
f
u
r
th
e
r
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
No
t
o
n
ly
th
at,
th
is
s
u
r
v
ey
p
ap
er
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
an
in
-
d
ep
th
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
ce
p
t
o
f
n
a
m
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
with
in
th
e
c
o
n
tex
t
o
f
NDN.
T
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
is
p
a
p
er
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
s
ec
tio
n
s
.
I
n
s
ec
tio
n
2
,
we
r
e
v
iewe
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e,
f
in
d
in
g
a
s
o
lu
tio
n
t
h
at
p
r
eser
v
e
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
wi
th
in
th
e
NDN
ar
ch
itectu
r
e.
W
e
ca
teg
o
r
ize
th
ese
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
in
to
th
r
ee
tech
n
iq
u
es:
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
,
s
in
g
le
-
p
r
o
x
y
-
b
ased
m
et
h
o
d
s
,
an
d
p
r
o
x
y
r
e
-
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
.
E
ac
h
tech
n
iq
u
e
h
as
its
o
wn
u
n
iq
u
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
p
o
te
n
tial
wea
k
n
ess
es,
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
t
h
ese
tech
n
iq
u
es
,
we
aim
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
ea
d
er
s
with
an
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
tr
ateg
ies
u
s
ed
to
p
r
eser
v
e
n
a
m
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
NDN.
Sectio
n
3
,
we
d
escr
ib
ed
o
u
r
r
ev
iew
an
aly
s
is
an
d
th
eir
r
esear
ch
tr
en
d
b
ased
o
n
y
ea
r
s
.
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
also
we
d
escr
ib
ed
th
e
c
h
allen
g
es
an
d
o
p
e
n
is
s
u
es
in
ter
m
s
o
f
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
NDN.
Fin
ally
,
s
ec
tio
n
4
co
n
cl
u
d
es th
e
p
ap
er
.
2.
P
RO
P
O
SE
D
SO
L
UT
I
O
NS
O
F
P
RE
SE
R
VAT
I
O
N
O
F
NAME
P
R
I
VAC
Y
I
N
NDN
I
n
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
n
am
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
i
n
to
I
C
N
-
b
ased
i
n
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
is
n
o
t
a
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
p
r
o
c
ess
s
in
ce
it
r
eq
u
ir
es
an
u
p
p
er
-
la
y
er
s
er
v
i
ce
to
s
er
v
e
as
a
n
am
e
p
r
ef
i
x
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
en
cr
y
p
t
co
n
te
n
t
o
r
to
s
eg
r
eg
ate
co
n
ten
t
I
D
an
d
lo
c
ato
r
[
2
]
.
Pre
s
er
v
in
g
h
ier
ar
ch
y
in
an
y
f
o
r
m
ca
n
lead
to
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
lo
s
s
an
d
s
ca
lab
le
r
o
u
tin
g
ca
n
n
o
t
b
e
ac
c
o
m
p
lis
h
ed
with
o
u
t
it.
I
n
teg
r
at
in
g
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
to
I
C
N
-
b
a
s
ed
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
r
eq
u
ir
es
b
alan
cin
g
h
ie
r
ar
ch
y
an
d
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
wh
ile
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
p
r
eser
v
es
co
n
ten
t
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
.
I
n
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
th
e
co
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
e
ca
n
b
e
class
if
ied
in
to
th
r
ee
g
r
o
u
p
s
:
co
n
ten
t n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
,
p
r
o
x
y
-
b
ased
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
,
a
n
d
p
ac
k
et
o
v
er
la
y
.
2
.
1
.
Co
nte
nt
na
m
e
o
bfusca
t
i
o
n
Nam
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
is
a
tech
n
i
q
u
e
em
p
l
o
y
ed
to
p
r
ev
en
t
ea
v
e
s
d
r
o
p
p
er
s
f
r
o
m
id
en
tify
i
n
g
th
e
p
er
s
o
n
o
f
in
ter
est
[
3
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
m
ess
ag
e
h
ea
d
e
r
s
in
NDN
ar
e
n
o
t
alwa
y
s
co
n
f
i
d
en
tial
a
n
d
s
ec
u
r
ity
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
lim
ited
to
r
ep
ly
m
ess
ag
es,
d
esp
ite
th
e
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
s
ec
u
r
e
ap
p
licati
o
n
p
ay
lo
a
d
s
[
4
]
.
C
o
n
te
n
t
n
am
es
co
n
s
titu
te
a
v
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
o
f
NDN
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
y
et
th
e
y
ca
n
also
d
is
clo
s
e
s
en
s
itiv
e
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
s
u
ch
as
th
e
h
o
s
t’
s
id
en
tity
,
th
e
p
r
e
f
ix
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
ap
p
licatio
n
r
u
n
n
in
g
o
n
th
e
h
o
s
t,
an
d
th
e
d
eli
v
er
ed
co
n
ten
t.
T
o
tac
k
le
th
is
ch
allen
g
e,
co
u
n
ter
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ca
n
b
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
th
r
e
e
d
is
tin
ct
g
r
o
u
p
:
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
e
y
b
ased
,
f
u
ll
n
am
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
,
an
d
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
-
b
ased
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
N
a
me
p
r
iva
cy
o
n
n
a
med
d
a
ta
n
etw
o
r
kin
g
:
a
s
u
r
ve
y
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
S
h
a
h
r
u
l Mo
h
d
S
h
a
h
)
3041
2
.
1
.
1
.
Sy
mm
et
ric
k
ey
ba
s
ed
na
m
e
encr
y
ptio
n
Ar
ian
f
ar
et
a
l.
[
5
]
wer
e
t
h
e
f
i
r
s
t
to
in
v
esti
g
ate
th
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
p
r
eser
v
in
g
u
s
er
an
o
n
y
m
ity
.
I
t
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
b
len
d
in
g
s
en
s
itiv
e
co
n
ten
t
with
’
co
v
e
r
co
n
ten
t.’
W
h
en
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
r
eq
u
est
th
is
m
ix
ed
co
n
ten
t,
t
h
eir
tr
u
e
r
eq
u
est
r
em
ain
s
p
ar
tially
h
id
d
en
.
W
h
ile
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
h
an
ce
s
s
to
r
ag
e
an
d
b
a
n
d
wid
t
h
ca
p
ac
ity
,
it
lack
s
p
r
o
tectio
n
ag
ai
n
s
t
m
alicio
u
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
an
d
d
o
es
n
o
t
estab
lis
h
u
n
lik
ab
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
.
I
n
wo
r
k
[
6
]
,
th
e
au
th
o
r
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
c
o
n
ten
t
n
am
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
(
C
o
NaP)
s
ch
em
e
th
at
e
n
s
u
r
es
attac
k
er
s
ca
n
n
o
t
o
b
tain
c
o
n
ten
t
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
n
ten
t
n
am
e
.
T
h
e
au
t
h
o
r
u
s
es
s
y
m
m
et
r
ic
k
e
y
s
in
allo
win
g
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
to
en
cr
y
p
t
th
e
n
a
m
e
in
th
e
in
ter
e
s
t
p
ac
k
et.
C
o
NaP
in
itiate
s
a
th
r
ee
-
way
h
an
d
s
h
ak
e
at
th
e
in
te
r
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
(
I
N)
to
o
b
tain
th
e
k
ey
a
n
d
d
ec
r
y
p
t t
h
e
tr
u
e
n
am
e
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t,
al
lo
win
g
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
er
to
v
er
if
y
th
e
au
th
en
ticity
o
f
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
in
te
r
est
p
ac
k
et.
T
h
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
en
a
b
les
b
o
t
h
th
e
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
an
d
I
N
to
v
er
if
y
ea
ch
o
th
er
’
s
id
en
tity
.
Desp
ite
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
ec
h
an
is
m
ab
ilit
y
to
p
r
eser
v
e
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
,
in
cr
ea
s
e
laten
cy
an
d
m
o
b
ilit
y
ch
allen
g
es
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
A
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
r
elies
o
n
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
to
p
r
o
tect
a
u
s
er
’
s
p
r
iv
ac
y
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
co
n
f
lict
b
etwe
en
u
s
er
s
’
ex
p
ec
tatio
n
o
f
ef
f
icien
t
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
o
b
s
cu
r
ed
d
ata
th
at
r
eq
u
ir
es
ad
d
itio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
tim
e
to
d
is
clo
s
e
th
e
ac
tu
al
d
ata.
T
h
is
co
n
f
lict
will
r
esu
lt
in
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
s
er
v
ice
-
q
u
ality
e
x
p
ec
tatio
n
,
wh
ich
d
ir
ec
tly
lead
s
to
an
ef
f
icien
cy
lo
s
s
d
u
e
to
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
s
y
m
m
etr
ic
k
ey
b
ased
n
am
e
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
R
e
f
.
Y
e
a
r
I
C
N
mo
d
e
l
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
me
t
r
i
c
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
sses
Le
sh
o
v
e
t
a
l
.
[
6
]
2
0
1
9
NDN
a
)
I
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
sa
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
d
e
l
a
y
(
I
S
D
)
S
i
mu
l
a
t
i
o
n
sh
o
w
e
d
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
sch
e
me
h
a
s
h
i
g
h
I
S
R
a
n
d
l
e
ss
I
S
N
c
o
mp
a
r
e
d
t
o
[
7
]
S
i
g
n
a
t
u
r
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
w
i
l
l
b
e
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
i
se
d
b
)
I
n
t
e
r
e
s
t
s
a
t
i
sf
a
c
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
i
o
(
I
S
R
)
S
u
p
p
o
r
t
i
n
-
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
a
c
h
i
n
g
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
e
x
i
st
i
n
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
s
S
u
c
h
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
m
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
2
.
1
.
2
.
F
ull
na
m
e
ho
m
o
mo
rphic e
ncry
ptio
n
An
o
th
er
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
f
u
ll
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
ten
t
n
am
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
.
Fo
tio
u
et
a
l.
[
8
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
in
v
o
lv
es
a
h
ier
ar
ch
y
o
f
en
cr
y
p
ted
co
n
ten
t
b
r
o
k
er
s
,
wh
e
r
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
tr
an
s
m
it
an
en
cr
y
p
ted
d
a
ta
to
th
is
h
ier
ar
ch
y
.
T
h
e
h
ier
ar
ch
y
th
e
n
h
an
d
les
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
,
an
d
c
o
n
s
u
m
er
s
r
e
q
u
est
co
n
ten
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
r
o
k
e
r
s
.
B
r
o
k
er
s
r
esp
o
n
d
with
eith
er
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
to
ch
ild
b
r
o
k
er
s
o
r
p
o
i
n
ter
s
to
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
co
n
ten
t
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
.
T
h
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
u
tili
ze
s
ad
d
itiv
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
to
s
ec
u
r
e
ea
ch
q
u
er
y
,
e
n
ab
lin
g
b
r
o
k
er
s
to
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
o
n
th
em
with
o
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
two
p
r
im
ar
y
ty
p
es
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
ab
le
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
SE)
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
wid
ely
u
s
ed
o
n
es
ar
e
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
with
k
ey
w
o
r
d
s
ea
r
c
h
(
PEKS)
an
d
s
ea
r
ch
ab
le
en
c
r
y
p
tio
n
s
ch
em
e
(
SS
E
)
.
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
s
ea
r
c
h
ab
le
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
,
J
ian
g
et
a
l.
[
9
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
Gr
o
u
p
-
b
ased
n
am
in
g
s
ch
em
e.
Au
th
o
r
also
d
elv
es
in
to
r
ec
en
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
s
ea
r
ch
ab
le
an
d
attr
ib
u
te
-
b
ased
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies,
wh
ile
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
ch
allen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
eir
in
teg
r
atio
n
to
e
n
s
u
r
e
n
et
wo
r
k
p
r
i
v
ac
y
.
Nex
t,
Ko
et
a
l.
[
1
0
]
p
r
esen
ted
a
s
tr
ateg
y
ca
lled
PEKS
in
ND
N
an
d
h
av
e
an
o
b
jectiv
e
t
o
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
co
n
f
i
d
en
tiality
o
f
co
n
ten
t
n
a
m
es.
T
h
is
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
d
r
aws
o
n
p
r
in
cip
les
f
r
o
m
r
o
u
te
s
tr
ateg
ic
p
lan
n
in
g
an
d
m
u
lticast
,
wh
ich
wer
e
in
itially
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
wo
r
k
[
1
1
]
.
Sear
ch
ab
le
e
n
cr
y
p
tio
n
(
SS
E
)
em
p
o
wer
s
u
s
er
s
to
s
ec
u
r
ely
m
o
v
e
d
ata
to
th
e
clo
u
d
b
y
s
en
d
i
n
g
a
s
ec
r
et
an
d
r
estricte
d
q
u
er
y
to
t
h
e
clo
u
d
s
er
v
ice
p
r
o
v
id
er
to
en
s
u
r
e
d
ata
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
T
h
e
cip
h
e
r
tex
t
i
s
th
e
s
o
le
p
iece
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
th
e
s
er
v
er
in
t
er
ac
ts
with
th
at
c
o
n
ce
als
th
e
p
lain
tex
t
d
etails.
T
h
e
s
er
v
er
s
in
g
le
-
h
an
d
e
d
ly
lear
n
s
th
e
cip
h
e
r
tex
t
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
is
d
i
s
g
u
is
ed
q
u
er
y
a
n
d
n
o
th
i
n
g
el
s
e
ab
o
u
t
th
e
p
lain
tex
t.
T
o
f
u
r
th
er
p
r
eser
v
e
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
p
r
o
d
u
c
er
s
in
itially
p
u
b
lis
h
th
eir
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
in
a
o
n
e
-
way
f
u
n
ctio
n
k
n
o
wn
as
a
tr
ap
d
o
o
r
to
b
o
t
h
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
an
d
r
o
u
ter
s
b
ef
o
r
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
eir
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
.
Usi
n
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
p
u
b
lic
k
ey
,
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
em
p
lo
y
PEKS
to
en
cr
y
p
t
s
p
ec
if
ic
I
n
t
er
est
p
ac
k
ets,
wh
ile
r
o
u
ter
s
r
ep
r
esen
t
alter
n
ativ
e
en
cr
y
p
ted
I
n
ter
est
n
am
es
b
y
m
atch
in
g
th
e
m
with
wid
ely
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
tr
ap
d
o
o
r
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
e
n
c
o
u
n
ter
s
lim
itatio
n
s
wh
en
en
cr
y
p
tin
g
lo
n
g
er
n
am
e
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
c
o
n
te
n
t
s
ize,
h
ig
h
e
r
s
to
r
ag
e
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
en
ts
,
an
d
ex
ten
d
e
d
ex
ec
u
tio
n
tim
es.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
wo
r
k
i
n
[
1
2
]
p
r
esen
ts
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
t
h
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
a
T
wo
-
T
ier
d
esig
n
,
wh
er
ein
ea
c
h
r
o
u
ter
is
allo
ca
ted
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
tr
ap
d
o
o
r
c
ap
ac
ities
.
T
h
is
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
a
im
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
an
d
ev
alu
ate
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ch
al
len
g
es p
o
s
ed
b
y
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
n
an
o
th
e
r
wo
r
k
o
f
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
-
b
ased
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
,
th
e
wo
r
k
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
1
3
]
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
awa
r
e
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
ch
em
e
in
NDN
(
PATS
ND
N)
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
tili
ze
s
p
r
o
x
y
r
e
-
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
an
d
b
lin
d
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
to
o
b
s
cu
r
e
co
n
ten
t
n
am
es.
Similar
ly
,
i
n
th
e
wo
r
k
[
1
4
]
,
a
c
o
n
ce
p
t
ak
i
n
to
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
eser
v
atio
n
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
,
with
d
if
f
er
en
t
i
n
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
m
eth
o
d
s
.
Her
e,
th
e
au
th
o
r
co
n
c
en
tr
ates
o
n
p
r
o
tect
n
am
ed
co
n
ten
t
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
h
ier
ar
c
h
ical
n
am
in
g
with
i
n
s
en
s
o
r
y
d
ata
ce
n
tr
ic
n
am
ed
d
ata
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
3
0
3
9
-
3
0
5
3
3042
(
SDC
-
NDN)
an
d
em
p
lo
y
s
an
ellip
tic
cu
r
v
e
-
b
ased
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
p
r
o
tectio
n
m
ec
h
an
is
m
.
I
n
T
ab
le
2
,
we
s
u
m
m
ar
ize
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
b
ased
n
a
m
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
.
T
ab
le
2
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
f
u
ll n
am
e
h
o
m
o
m
o
r
p
h
ic
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
R
e
f
.
Y
e
a
r
I
C
N
m
o
d
e
l
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
sses
F
o
t
i
o
u
e
t
a
l
.
[
8
]
2
0
1
9
P
U
R
S
U
I
T
a
)
C
o
mm
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
b
)
C
o
m
p
u
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
m
a
d
e
f
o
r
p
u
b
l
i
s
h
-
su
b
scr
i
b
e
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
b
u
t
c
a
n
b
e
a
p
p
l
i
e
d
t
o
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
c
e
n
t
r
i
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
g
(
C
C
N
)
a
n
d
o
t
h
e
r
s
p
a
r
a
d
i
g
m
S
u
c
h
se
c
u
r
i
t
y
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
s
ma
y
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
m
p
a
c
t
o
n
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
mo
b
i
l
i
t
y
Ji
a
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
[
9
]
2
0
1
5
NDN
a
)
S
y
s
t
e
m
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
b
)
R
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l
t
i
me
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
M
a
p
p
i
n
g
h
u
ma
n
-
r
e
a
d
a
b
l
e
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
n
a
mi
n
g
t
o
i
n
t
e
g
e
r
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
c
a
n
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s a
t
t
a
c
k
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
sn
o
o
p
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
o
u
t
e
r
a
n
d
l
e
a
k
s r
o
u
t
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
ma
t
i
o
n
A
b
l
e
t
o
mi
t
i
g
a
t
e
s
n
o
o
p
i
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
k
-
P
r
o
p
o
se
d
s
c
h
e
me
ma
y
n
o
t
r
u
n
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
i
n
r
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
-
c
o
n
st
r
a
i
n
e
d
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
s.
-
C
a
c
h
i
n
g
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
w
i
l
l
h
a
v
e
a
n
i
mp
a
c
t
t
o
p
r
o
p
o
se
d
n
a
mi
n
g
sch
e
me
G
u
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
3
]
2
0
1
8
NDN
a
)
Ti
m
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
s
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
p
a
c
k
e
t
b
)
T
i
me
f
o
r
c
o
n
su
mer
e
x
t
r
a
c
t
s c
o
n
t
e
n
t
f
r
o
m a
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
p
a
c
k
e
t
N
a
me
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
o
f
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
n
a
me
i
s
sec
u
r
e
d
d
u
e
t
o
f
u
l
l
n
a
m
e
o
b
f
u
sc
a
t
i
o
n
M
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
/
d
e
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
ss
g
o
i
n
g
o
n
,
r
e
s
u
l
t
d
e
l
a
y
i
n
d
a
t
a
t
r
a
n
sf
e
r
H
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
4
]
2
0
1
9
NDN
a
)
P
r
o
d
u
c
e
r
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
b
)
R
e
q
u
e
st
e
r
s
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
c
)
L
a
t
e
n
c
y
C
a
c
h
i
n
g
l
o
n
g
e
s
t
n
a
m
e
p
r
e
f
i
x
m
a
t
c
h
i
n
g
i
s s
t
i
l
l
r
e
ma
i
n
p
r
e
ser
v
e
d
P
a
c
k
e
t
n
a
me
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
/
d
e
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
,
w
i
l
l
a
f
f
e
c
t
t
i
m
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
,
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
st
o
r
a
g
e
s
p
a
c
e
Ko
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
0
]
2
0
2
0
NDN
a
)
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
d
o
w
n
l
o
a
d
t
i
m
e
b
)
C
a
c
h
e
h
i
t
r
a
t
i
o
a
t
r
o
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t
e
r
W
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
mas
t
e
r
s
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c
r
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t
k
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y
t
o
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x
t
r
a
c
t
p
r
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v
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t
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k
e
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s,
t
h
e
su
g
g
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st
e
d
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
c
a
n
p
r
e
s
e
r
v
e
p
r
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v
a
c
y
b
e
t
t
e
r
-
S
e
a
r
c
h
i
n
g
n
a
me
s i
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
s
t
h
e
P
E
K
S
a
l
g
o
r
i
t
h
m t
o
v
a
l
i
d
a
t
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
e
d
,
r
e
d
u
c
e
s
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
-
R
e
p
e
a
t
e
d
p
r
o
c
e
ss
,
h
i
g
h
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
2
.
1
.
3
.
B
lo
o
m
f
ilte
rs ba
s
ed
o
bfusca
t
io
n
Ma
in
tain
in
g
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
NDN
ca
n
b
e
ac
h
iev
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
,
as
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
b
y
wo
r
k
[
1
5
]
.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
co
n
s
tr
u
ct
a
h
ier
ar
ch
ical
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
d
en
o
ted
as
=
(
1
,
2
,
.
.
.
,
)
,
wh
er
e
B
n
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
f
o
r
n
am
e
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
p
t
o
th
e
n
-
th
lev
el.
T
o
illu
s
tr
ate,
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
f
ilter
in
g
o
f
co
n
ten
t
f
o
r
/n
d
n
/p
t/m
i
n
h
o
.
A
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
g
e
n
er
ates
B
1
f
o
r
/n
d
n
,
B
2
f
o
r
/n
d
n
/p
t,
an
d
B
3
f
o
r
/n
d
n
/
p
t/m
in
h
o
.
Su
b
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
a
r
o
u
ter
ch
ec
k
s
its
ca
ch
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
B
n
an
d
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
if
i
t
ex
is
ts
th
er
e.
I
f
B
n
is
n
o
t
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
th
e
ca
ch
e,
th
e
r
o
u
ter
c
o
n
s
u
lts
th
e
p
e
n
d
in
g
in
ter
est
tab
le
(
PIT
)
f
o
r
B
n
.
I
f
B
n
is
p
r
esen
t
in
th
e
PIT
,
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
PIT
’
s
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
is
u
p
d
ated
b
y
in
cr
em
en
tin
g
a
co
u
n
ter
,
an
d
th
e
r
eq
u
est
is
d
r
o
p
p
ed
,
as
it
h
as
alr
ea
d
y
b
ee
n
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tes
th
e
n
am
e
in
th
e
in
ter
est
r
eq
u
est,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
in
g
it
in
to
a
r
a
n
d
o
m
ized
b
it
s
tr
in
g
,
th
er
eb
y
p
r
o
tectin
g
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
t
o
n
o
te
t
h
at
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
m
ay
o
cc
asio
n
ally
p
r
o
d
u
ce
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
es
in
n
am
e
m
atch
in
g
.
Ma
s
s
awe
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
SP
-
NDN,
a
s
ca
lab
le
an
d
p
r
iv
ac
y
-
p
r
eser
v
i
n
g
r
o
u
tin
g
p
r
o
to
c
o
l f
o
r
NDN.
T
h
ey
em
p
lo
y
ed
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
ea
r
ch
ef
f
icien
cy
wh
ile
p
r
o
tectin
g
o
r
ig
in
al
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
n
am
e
p
r
i
v
ac
y
attac
k
,
th
ey
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
a
co
n
ten
t
-
d
ep
en
d
en
t k
e
y
tr
ee
-
b
ased
m
u
lticast
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
s
ch
em
e.
B
o
th
co
n
s
u
m
er
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
will
u
tili
ze
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
to
s
to
r
e
s
h
ar
ed
n
am
es
an
d
s
ec
r
et
k
ey
s
o
f
I
n
ter
est
p
ac
k
ets,
v
er
if
y
in
g
th
e
m
b
ef
o
r
e
f
o
r
war
d
in
g
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
leak
ag
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
m
u
ltip
le
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
m
ay
lead
to
m
em
o
r
y
o
v
er
h
ea
d
.
W
h
ile
em
p
lo
y
in
g
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
t
o
p
r
eser
v
e
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
b
y
c
o
n
ce
alin
g
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
in
n
am
es,
t
h
er
e
a
r
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
to
co
n
s
id
er
.
Attack
e
r
s
ca
n
lear
n
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
n
am
es
u
s
in
g
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
s
,
p
o
ten
tially
d
is
ab
lin
g
th
e
f
ilter
s
th
at
h
id
e
s
u
p
p
r
ess
ed
n
am
es
[
1
7
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
f
o
r
th
e
b
lo
o
m
f
ilter
to
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
co
n
s
en
s
u
s
o
n
th
e
h
ash
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
am
o
n
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
r
s
,
in
ter
m
e
d
iate
r
o
u
ter
s
,
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
.
Us
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
s
et
o
f
h
ash
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
f
o
r
all
s
y
s
tem
n
am
es
m
a
y
in
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
f
alse
p
o
s
itiv
es
[
1
8
]
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
b
lo
o
m
f
i
lter
-
b
ased
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
R
e
f
.
Y
e
a
r
I
C
N
m
o
d
e
l
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
m
e
t
r
i
c
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
sses
M
a
ss
a
w
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
1
6
]
2
0
1
3
NDN
P
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
a
f
a
l
s
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
u
se
o
f
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
b
l
o
o
m
f
i
l
t
e
r
,
a
u
t
h
o
r
a
b
l
e
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
f
a
l
se
p
o
si
t
i
v
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
W
i
t
h
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
b
l
o
o
m fi
l
t
e
r
u
sa
g
e
,
d
y
n
a
m
i
c
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
w
i
l
l
b
e
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
N
a
me
p
r
iva
cy
o
n
n
a
med
d
a
ta
n
etw
o
r
kin
g
:
a
s
u
r
ve
y
…
(
Mo
h
a
mma
d
S
h
a
h
r
u
l Mo
h
d
S
h
a
h
)
3043
2
.
2
.
Sin
g
le
pro
x
y
-
ba
s
ed
na
me
o
bfusca
t
io
n
I
n
th
is
m
ec
h
an
is
m
,
th
e
in
ter
a
ctio
n
b
etwe
en
a
u
s
er
an
d
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
is
s
im
p
lifie
d
as
th
e
u
s
er
o
n
ly
n
ee
d
s
to
en
g
ag
e
with
a
s
in
g
le
p
r
o
x
y
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
x
y
will
s
er
v
e
a
d
u
al
r
o
le,
h
an
d
lin
g
b
o
t
h
th
e
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
o
f
in
ter
est’s
p
ac
k
et
an
d
th
e
d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
o
f
co
n
ten
t,
s
tr
ea
m
lin
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
en
h
an
cin
g
t
h
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
.
Me
ch
an
is
m
th
at
u
tili
ze
d
s
in
g
l
e
p
r
o
x
y
-
b
ased
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
is
lig
h
tweig
h
t
c
o
d
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
r
a
n
d
o
m
lin
ea
r
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
in
g
o
r
Hu
f
f
m
an
co
d
in
g
to
ad
d
r
ess
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
s
ec
u
r
ity
,
d
ata
in
teg
r
ity
is
s
u
es
ef
f
icien
tly
with
lo
w
r
eso
u
r
ce
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
a
r
e
n
o
t
r
eso
u
r
ce
-
in
ten
s
iv
e,
m
ak
in
g
th
em
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
n
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
a
s
in
g
le
p
r
o
x
y
h
an
d
le
task
s
lik
e
in
ter
est
an
d
co
n
ten
t
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
/d
ec
r
y
p
tio
n
,
s
im
p
lify
in
g
u
s
er
in
ter
ac
tio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
we
class
if
y
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
in
to
Netwo
r
k
c
o
d
in
g
an
d
Hu
f
f
m
a
n
co
d
i
n
g
s
u
b
ca
teg
o
r
ies.
2
.
2
.
1
.
Net
wo
r
k
co
din
g
-
ba
s
ed
a
pp
ro
a
ch
Netwo
r
k
co
d
in
g
[
1
9
]
is
a
co
n
t
em
p
o
r
ar
y
d
o
m
ain
with
in
i
n
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
e
o
r
y
th
at
e
n
ab
les
in
t
er
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
es
to
g
e
n
er
ate
n
ew
p
ac
k
ets
b
y
m
e
r
g
in
g
p
ac
k
ets
r
ec
e
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
in
co
m
i
n
g
ed
g
es.
A
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
illu
s
tr
atio
n
in
a
wir
eless
co
n
te
x
t
in
v
o
lv
es
a
s
ix
-
n
o
d
e
to
p
o
lo
g
y
,
as
d
e
p
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
N
o
d
e
A
an
d
No
d
e
B
s
er
v
e
as
s
o
u
r
ce
n
o
d
es,
with
n
o
d
e
A
tr
a
n
s
m
itti
n
g
to
E
a
n
d
F,
an
d
n
o
d
e
B
d
o
i
n
g
t
h
e
s
am
e
t
o
E
an
d
F.
I
n
s
tead
o
f
tr
an
s
m
itti
n
g
s
ep
ar
ately
,
wh
en
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
u
s
ed
th
e
two
p
ac
k
ets f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
ar
e
co
m
b
in
ed
b
y
m
ea
n
s
o
f
XOR o
p
er
atio
n
s
at
th
e
in
ter
m
ed
iate
n
o
d
e
C
an
d
f
o
r
war
d
e
d
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Pro
ce
s
s
b
etwe
en
wit
h
an
d
with
o
u
t
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
in
g
L
in
ea
r
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
d
in
g
[
2
0
]
is
co
m
m
o
n
ly
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
to
en
h
an
c
e
n
etwo
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
I
n
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
n
etwo
r
k
n
o
d
es
lin
e
ar
ly
co
m
b
in
e
m
u
ltip
le
p
ac
k
et
s
f
o
r
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
,
m
ax
im
izin
g
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
lo
w,
r
ath
er
th
an
m
er
ely
r
elay
in
g
r
e
ce
iv
ed
p
ac
k
ets.
R
an
d
o
m
lin
ea
r
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
in
g
[
2
1
]
is
a
p
o
t
en
t
v
ar
ian
t
o
f
lin
ea
r
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
d
in
g
s
ch
em
es.
A
u
th
o
r
i
n
th
e
wo
r
k
[
2
2
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
etwo
r
k
c
o
d
in
g
-
b
ased
m
u
tu
al
a
n
o
n
y
m
ity
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
p
r
o
to
co
l
f
o
r
NDN
(
NC
-
MA
ND
N)
,
Utilize
s
I
C
N’
s
in
h
er
en
t
co
n
ten
t
ch
u
n
k
in
g
alo
n
g
with
r
an
d
o
m
lin
ea
r
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
i
n
g
(
R
L
NC
)
.
T
o
r
eq
u
est
co
n
ten
t,
th
e
u
s
er
d
iv
id
es
th
e
in
ter
est
in
to
s
m
aller
en
cr
y
p
ted
c
h
u
n
k
s
u
s
in
g
a
tr
u
s
ted
p
r
o
x
y
p
u
b
lic
k
e
y
.
On
ce
en
o
u
g
h
ch
u
n
k
s
ar
e
r
ec
eiv
e
d
,
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
r
ec
o
n
s
tr
u
cts
th
e
o
r
ig
in
al
in
ter
est
p
ac
k
et
a
n
d
f
o
r
war
d
s
it
to
th
e
co
n
ten
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
.
Similar
ly
,
th
e
co
n
t
en
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
b
r
ea
k
s
d
o
wn
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
in
to
ch
u
n
k
s
an
d
s
en
d
s
th
em
to
th
e
p
r
o
x
y
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
is
s
ch
em
e
r
a
is
es
co
n
ce
r
n
s
ab
o
u
t
u
n
d
er
u
tili
ze
d
ca
ch
in
g
an
d
t
h
e
h
ig
h
c
o
s
t
o
f
asy
m
m
etr
ic
-
k
ey
cr
y
p
to
g
r
ap
h
ic
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
4
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
3
0
3
9
-
3
0
5
3
3044
T
ab
le
4
.
Su
m
m
a
r
y
o
f
n
etwo
r
k
co
d
in
g
-
b
ased
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
R
e
f
.
Y
e
a
r
I
C
N
mo
d
e
l
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
me
t
r
i
c
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
sses
Ta
o
e
t
a
l
.
[
2
2
]
2
0
1
5
NDN
N
/
A
U
se
o
f
a
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
o
v
e
r
l
a
y
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
r
o
u
t
i
n
g
f
o
r
f
o
r
w
a
r
d
i
n
g
c
a
n
b
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
mi
t
i
g
a
t
i
n
g
t
i
m
i
n
g
a
t
t
a
c
k
s
Li
mi
t
e
d
c
a
c
h
e
u
t
i
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
h
i
g
h
c
o
st
o
f
a
sy
mm
e
t
r
i
c
-
k
e
y
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
o
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
2
.
2
.
2
.
H
uff
m
a
n c
o
din
g
-
ba
s
ed
m
it
ig
a
t
io
n
Hu
f
f
m
an
co
d
in
g
is
a
lo
s
s
les
s
d
ata
co
m
p
r
ess
io
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
th
at
o
p
er
ates
b
y
ass
ig
n
in
g
v
ar
i
ab
le
-
len
g
th
co
d
es
to
i
n
p
u
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
.
T
h
e
len
g
t
h
o
f
ea
c
h
ass
ig
n
e
d
co
d
e
is
d
eter
m
i
n
ed
b
y
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
its
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
ch
a
r
ac
ter
.
T
o
u
r
an
i
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
ce
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
in
NDN
b
y
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
a
lig
h
tweig
h
t
an
ticen
s
o
r
s
h
ip
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
u
n
d
e
d
o
n
Hu
f
f
m
an
co
d
in
g
.
T
h
is
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
r
elies
o
n
a
d
is
tin
ct
Hu
f
f
m
an
en
co
d
in
g
tab
le
th
at
i
s
s
h
ar
ed
am
o
n
g
ea
ch
u
s
er
an
d
a
tr
u
s
ted
p
r
o
x
y
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
th
at
will
m
itig
ate
n
am
e
ce
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
,
th
e
u
s
er
em
p
lo
y
s
p
ar
tial
en
co
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
co
n
te
n
t
n
am
e,
with
p
ar
ticu
lar
em
p
h
asis
o
n
th
e
s
u
f
f
ix
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
in
itiates
an
in
ter
est
b
y
en
co
d
in
g
co
n
te
n
t
n
am
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
u
s
in
g
Hu
f
f
m
an
c
o
d
in
g
an
d
ap
p
en
d
in
g
a
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
p
lain
tex
t
p
r
ef
ix
lik
e
”/an
o
n
y
m
.
”
T
h
is
in
ter
est,
with
th
e
p
lain
tex
t
p
r
e
f
ix
”/an
o
n
y
m
”.
is
th
en
r
o
u
ted
to
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
o
d
e
in
th
e
I
C
N
n
etwo
r
k
ca
lled
an
a
n
o
n
y
m
izer
,
wh
ich
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
s
im
ilar
to
a
T
o
r
ex
it
n
o
d
e.
An
o
n
y
m
izer
ca
n
o
n
ly
ac
ce
s
s
t
h
e
co
n
ten
t n
am
e
r
eq
u
ested
b
y
th
e
u
s
er
an
d
s
er
v
es
it
f
r
o
m
its
C
o
n
ten
t
Sto
r
e
(
C
S)
if
av
ailab
le,
o
r
r
eq
u
ests
it o
n
t
h
e
u
s
er
b
eh
alf
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
r
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
th
at
ar
is
e
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
I
n
itially
,
it
n
ec
ess
itates
ex
tr
a
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
o
v
e
r
h
ea
d
to
r
e
ac
h
th
e
an
o
n
y
m
ize
r
b
ef
o
r
e
a
b
le
to
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
an
y
c
o
n
ten
t,
e
v
en
if
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
is
ca
ch
ed
alo
n
g
t
h
e
p
ath
to
t
h
e
an
o
n
y
m
izer
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
ce
r
tain
ad
v
a
n
tag
es
o
f
I
C
N,
s
u
c
h
as
o
p
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To
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l
.
[
2
3
]
2
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1
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CCN
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o
w
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te
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t to
its
in
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[
2
4
]
.
Simp
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f
f
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f
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ev
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t d
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allen
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allen
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izatio
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ak
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tan
tial c
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m
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tio
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o
v
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h
ea
d
[
2
5
]
.
Asg
h
ar
et
a
l.
[
2
6
]
in
tr
o
d
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ce
d
p
r
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ac
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p
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v
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f
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d
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laid
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tio
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et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
,
w
h
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u
tili
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s
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C
N
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ter
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cr
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[
2
8
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.
Au
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also
p
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[
2
9
]
,
a
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p
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Fig
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Priv
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[
2
9
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NDN
en
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s
a
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in
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tag
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f
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wh
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R
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in
f
o
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m
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if
m
o
n
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b
y
a
ttack
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s
[
3
0
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
N
DN’
s
n
am
ed
c
o
n
ten
t
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n
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ip
[
1
5
]
.
T
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[
2
6
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2
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(
D
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[
3
1
]
,
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n
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m
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p
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tech
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iq
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ter
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(
I
SP
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.
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I
C
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C
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s
o
ca
n
th
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ea
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s
u
s
er
p
r
i
v
ac
y
[
3
2
]
.
C
u
i
et
a
l.
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
s
ch
em
e
t
h
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ig
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tech
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ich
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ata
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ac
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o
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iate
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d
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ca
ch
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ata
p
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lag
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s
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k
e
y
wo
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d
s
as
ce
n
s
o
r
ed
[
3
5
]
.
I
f
a
n
in
ter
est
p
ac
k
et
co
n
tain
s
th
ese
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en
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itiv
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ar
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eq
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ap
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W
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T
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[
3
6
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in
v
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ltip
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etwo
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a
p
p
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n
(
ANDa
¯
NA)
[
3
7
]
is
an
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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[
3
5
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3
8
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[
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On
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[
3
9
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[
4
0
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,
wh
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Fu
r
th
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Seo
et
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l.
[
4
1
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p
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m
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[
4
2
]
,
wh
er
e
th
ey
e
m
b
r
ac
e
th
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
u
tlin
ed
i
n
[
4
1
]
with
s
o
m
e
alter
atio
n
.
I
n
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e,
p
u
b
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if
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th
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m
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k
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.
As
wo
r
k
in
[
3
7
]
p
e
r
f
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r
m
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o
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tin
g
in
th
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n
etwo
r
k
as
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s
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id
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L
in
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et
a
l.
[
3
5
]
p
r
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p
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ed
a
m
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h
an
is
m
f
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C
C
N
p
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Au
th
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p
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f
o
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m
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a
co
m
p
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is
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n
with
th
e
wo
r
k
in
[
3
7
]
an
d
s
h
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ws
p
r
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p
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s
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m
ec
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an
is
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m
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[
3
7
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a
n
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Ts
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[
4
0
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2
0
1
2
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a)
R
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R
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[
4
1
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2
0
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A
v
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[
3
3
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,
[
3
4
]
2
0
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NDN
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f
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p
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with
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r
a
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f
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p
ac
k
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p
s
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latio
n
.
I
n
wo
r
k
[
4
3
]
,
au
th
o
r
s
aim
to
s
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l
v
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n
am
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p
r
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ac
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.
T
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d
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ch
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p
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in
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(
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wh
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Ho
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s
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f
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m
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ab
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; if
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en
tire
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etwo
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An
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th
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ity
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s
ca
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f
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d
in
wo
r
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C
C
VPN
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
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p
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a
p
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tili
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th
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p
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k
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C
o
m
p
ar
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with
th
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wo
r
k
in
[
4
3
]
,
ca
c
h
in
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with
in
th
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d
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m
ain
is
d
is
ab
led
an
d
p
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tial
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f
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f
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f
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d
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s
s
.
As
th
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h
ier
ar
ch
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n
am
in
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[
4
4
]
f
ea
t
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ca
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e
ex
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ter
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Data
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L
iu
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a
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[
4
5
]
p
r
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p
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s
ed
a
n
id
en
tity
p
r
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ac
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p
r
o
tectio
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s
t
r
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f
o
r
v
eh
icle
n
am
e
d
d
at
a
n
etwo
r
k
(
VNDN
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[
4
6
]
th
at
is
b
ased
o
n
r
in
g
s
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s
ch
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R
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o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
also
em
p
lo
y
s
a
s
in
g
le
lay
e
r
o
f
an
o
n
y
m
o
u
s
p
r
o
x
y
to
co
n
ce
al
th
e
c
o
n
ten
t
r
eq
u
est
er
’
s
tr
u
e
id
en
tity
.
T
ab
le
8
s
u
m
m
ar
izes th
e
VPN
b
ased
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
a
b
l
e
8
.
S
u
m
m
a
r
y
of
V
P
N
-
b
a
s
e
d
n
a
m
e
o
b
f
u
s
c
a
t
i
o
n
R
e
f
.
Y
e
a
r
I
C
N
mo
d
e
l
Ev
a
l
u
a
t
i
o
n
me
t
r
i
c
s
S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
W
e
a
k
n
e
sses
P
a
r
t
r
i
d
g
e
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
3
]
2
0
1
7
NDN
N
/
A
Th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
me
c
h
a
n
i
sm
r
e
t
a
i
n
s
i
n
-
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
a
c
h
i
n
g
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
i
t
y
G
a
t
e
w
a
y
v
u
l
n
e
r
a
b
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
c
a
u
se
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
c
o
m
p
r
o
m
i
se
i
f
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
e
d
En
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
a
u
t
h
e
n
t
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
o
N
D
N
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
i
n
c
r
e
a
se
l
a
t
e
n
c
y
N
u
n
e
s
e
t
a
l
.
[
7
]
2
0
1
7
CCN
a
)
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
b
)
R
e
q
u
e
st
-
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
r
o
u
n
d
-
t
r
i
p
t
i
me
(
R
T
T)
S
o
l
i
d
p
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
i
n
n
e
t
w
o
r
k
l
o
a
d
c
a
p
a
c
i
t
y
,
e
v
e
n
w
i
t
h
a
d
d
e
d
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
f
r
o
m
sec
u
r
e
t
u
n
n
e
l
d
e
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
W
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
n
u
mb
e
r
o
f
c
o
n
su
mers
,
i
t
ma
y
l
e
a
d
t
o
c
r
y
p
t
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
o
v
e
r
h
e
a
d
Li
u
e
t
a
l
.
[
4
5
]
2
0
1
9
NDN
N
/
A
Th
e
p
r
i
v
a
c
y
o
f
b
o
t
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
a
t
a
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
r
’
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
a
r
e
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
e
d
C
o
m
p
l
e
x
i
t
y
o
f
t
h
e
e
n
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
/
D
e
c
r
y
p
t
i
o
n
p
r
o
c
e
sses
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
n
si
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
n
t
t
r
a
n
sm
i
ssi
o
n
d
e
l
a
y
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
3
,
J
u
n
e
20
25
:
3
0
3
9
-
3
0
5
3
3048
3.
ST
A
T
I
S
T
I
CAL A
NAL
YSI
S
AND
RE
S
E
ACH
CH
A
L
L
E
NG
E
S
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
s
tati
s
tical
an
aly
s
i
s
o
f
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics
on
NDN
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
th
eir
lim
itatio
n
s
.
W
e
ex
a
m
in
e
th
e
k
ey
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
o
r
ex
is
tin
g
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
ca
teg
o
r
ize
th
e
m
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
,
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
eir
s
tr
en
g
th
s
an
d
wea
k
n
ess
es,
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
co
m
m
o
n
ch
allen
g
es
f
ac
ed
b
y
t
h
ese
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
aim
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
i
n
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
p
o
ten
tial
r
esear
ch
d
ir
ec
tio
n
s
an
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
s
o
l
u
tio
n
in
NDN.
3
.
1
.
St
a
t
is
t
ica
l a
na
ly
s
is
I
C
N
in
f
r
astru
ctu
r
es
f
etc
h
co
n
ten
t
b
y
n
am
e
th
at
is
s
em
an
ti
ca
lly
ass
o
ciate
d
with
it
an
d
m
ak
es
d
ata
s
ea
r
ch
in
g
an
d
r
etr
iev
al
ar
e
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t.
C
o
n
te
n
t
n
am
es
an
d
th
eir
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
i
n
g
c
o
n
ten
t
ar
e
b
r
o
ad
ca
s
t
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
p
lain
tex
t,
s
o
ev
er
y
I
C
N
n
o
d
e
th
at
f
o
r
war
d
s
th
e
d
ata
ca
n
v
iew
it.
A
m
alicio
u
s
I
C
N
n
o
d
e
co
u
ld
en
g
ag
e
in
ce
n
s
o
r
s
h
ip
b
y
b
lo
ck
i
n
g
th
e
d
eliv
er
y
o
f
s
p
e
cif
ic
co
n
ten
t.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
s
ec
u
r
in
g
th
e
n
am
es
an
d
th
e
co
n
ten
ts
o
f
th
e
I
C
N
is
cr
u
cial
if
o
n
e
is
to
p
r
eser
v
e
th
e
u
s
er
p
r
iv
ac
y
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
th
ese
p
o
ten
tial th
r
ea
ts
.
Mo
r
e
atten
tio
n
is
n
ee
d
t
o
b
e
p
aid
to
th
e
p
r
o
b
lem
o
f
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
in
NDN,
wh
ic
h
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
ee
n
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
in
v
esti
g
ated
.
Her
e,
we
p
r
esen
t
s
tatis
tical
ch
ar
ts
to
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
r
ec
en
t
r
esear
ch
o
n
tech
n
iq
u
e
t
o
p
r
eser
v
e
n
a
m
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
,
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
4
(
a)
an
d
4(
b
)
.
I
n
T
ab
le
1
to
8
,
th
er
e
is
v
a
r
iety
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
m
itig
atio
n
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
es
u
s
ed
to
p
r
eser
v
e
n
am
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
.
C
o
n
ten
t
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
in
wo
r
k
[
6
]
,
[
8
]
–
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
6
]
,
[
4
7
]
s
in
g
le
p
r
o
x
y
-
b
ased
n
am
e
o
b
f
u
s
ca
tio
n
in
wo
r
k
[
2
2
]
,
[
2
3
]
,
[
4
8
]
,
[
4
9
]
p
r
o
x
y
re
-
en
cr
y
p
tio
n
b
ased
in
wo
r
k
[
2
6
]
,
[
2
9
]
,
an
d
tu
n
n
ellin
g
in
[
7
]
,
[
3
3
]
,
[
3
4
]
,
[
3
7
]
,
[
4
0
]
–
[
4
3
]
,
[
4
5
]
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Statical
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
t
im
in
g
attac
k
(
a)
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
m
itig
atin
g
tim
in
g
attac
k
a
n
d
(
b
)
y
ea
r
wis
e
r
esear
ch
ar
ticle
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.