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1
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[
2
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[
3
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[
4
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R
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5
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6
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I
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4864
Desig
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[
10
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s
[
1
1
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,
[
1
2
]:
−
Fre
q
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f
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g
t
h
e
r
ad
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n
p
atter
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
s
s
ig
n
al
co
v
er
ag
e,
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
s
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
,
w
h
ic
h
is
cr
u
ci
al
f
o
r
ap
p
licatio
n
s
lik
e
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
i
n
5
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
−
P
o
lar
izatio
n
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
:
c
h
a
n
g
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
'
s
p
o
lar
izatio
n
h
e
lp
s
co
m
b
at
m
u
ltip
ath
f
ad
in
g
a
n
d
i
m
p
r
o
v
es s
ig
n
al
clar
it
y
in
co
m
p
lex
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
−
I
m
p
ed
an
ce
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
:
m
o
d
i
f
y
i
n
g
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
o
p
ti
m
ize
s
p
o
w
er
tr
an
s
f
er
b
etw
ee
n
th
e
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
/r
e
ce
iv
er
,
en
h
an
ci
n
g
o
v
er
all
ef
f
ic
ien
c
y
.
R
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
p
lay
a
v
ital
r
o
le
i
n
th
e
f
u
t
u
r
e
o
f
w
ir
ele
s
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ap
t
to
d
if
f
er
en
t
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
a
n
d
o
p
er
a
tin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
m
a
k
es
t
h
e
m
k
e
y
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
i
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
s
y
s
te
m
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
th
e
i
n
ter
n
e
t
o
f
t
h
i
n
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
,
5
G
an
d
b
ey
o
n
d
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
an
d
n
ex
t
-
g
e
n
er
atio
n
s
ate
llit
e
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
[
1
3
]
-
[1
7
]
.
A
s
r
esear
ch
an
d
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
ad
v
an
ce
,
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
le
an
ten
n
as
w
ill
li
k
el
y
b
ec
o
m
e
ev
e
n
m
o
r
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
t
in
t
h
e
d
esig
n
an
d
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tat
io
n
o
f
v
er
s
at
ile,
h
i
g
h
-
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
i
n
f
r
astr
u
ctu
r
e
s
[
1
8
]
.
Fo
r
th
e
an
ten
n
a
r
ec
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ab
ilit
y
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
d
is
c
u
s
s
ed
b
y
th
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
t
r
esear
c
h
er
s
s
o
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
m
ar
e
m
o
s
tl
y
u
s
ed
t
h
at
ar
e
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
w
itc
h
in
g
cir
cu
it [
1
9
]
,
v
ar
ac
to
r
-
lo
ad
ed
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
[
2
0
]
,
a
n
d
P
I
N
d
io
d
e
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
i
n
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
m
u
ltib
an
d
,
m
u
lti
-
m
o
d
e
co
p
lan
ar
w
av
eg
u
id
e
(
C
P
W
)
-
f
ed
an
te
n
n
a
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
f
o
r
5
G
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
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io
n
.
B
u
ilt
o
n
a
R
o
g
er
s
R
T
5
8
8
0
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
w
it
h
d
i
m
e
n
s
io
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s
o
f
3
0
×2
8
×0
.
5
0
8
m
m
³,
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
ac
r
o
s
s
a
w
id
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r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
r
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n
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o
f
6
GHz
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o
2
8
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w
it
h
r
ef
lect
io
n
co
e
f
f
icien
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et
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ee
n
-
1
4
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8
2
d
B
an
d
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5
0
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3
6
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B
.
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t
u
s
es
f
o
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r
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I
N
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to
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s
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d
in
d
u
cto
r
s
to
ac
h
iev
e
1
6
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
.
Si
m
u
latio
n
s
with
co
m
p
u
ter
s
i
m
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
(
C
ST
)
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
St
u
d
io
s
h
o
w
f
le
x
ib
ilit
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in
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
i
n
cl
u
d
in
g
v
a
r
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s
i
n
S
-
p
ar
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m
eter
s
,
g
ai
n
s
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an
d
r
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p
atter
n
s
.
Me
asu
r
e
m
en
t
s
u
s
i
n
g
a
v
ec
to
r
n
et
w
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k
an
al
y
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r
(
VN
A
)
an
d
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ec
h
o
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ch
a
m
b
er
co
n
f
ir
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it
s
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lectio
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co
ef
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ic
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t
(
|
S1
1
|
)
an
d
g
ai
n
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m
ak
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g
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t a
r
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o
p
tio
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f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
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s
.
2.
ANT
E
NNA
D
E
SI
G
N
AND
S
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M
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AT
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ANA
L
Y
SI
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T
h
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d
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s
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s
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o
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th
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asic
m
u
ltib
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n
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an
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ar
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o
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n
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Fi
g
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r
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1
,
w
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h
illu
s
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ates
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r
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d
if
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t
s
tr
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tu
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m
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.
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d
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t
(
tan
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f
0
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0
0
0
9
.
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llo
w
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n
g
th
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d
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ig
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p
r
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s
s
in
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th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
s
w
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s
i
m
u
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to
o
b
tain
t
h
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r
ef
lect
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co
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f
icie
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t
s
(
S1
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)
.
T
h
e
s
i
m
u
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v
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o
f
t
h
e
r
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lectio
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co
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f
icie
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t
(
S1
1
)
f
o
r
th
ese
th
r
ee
an
te
n
n
a
s
ar
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p
r
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ted
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
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h
r
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d
if
f
er
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t str
u
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es o
f
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m
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tib
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u
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p
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f
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e
t
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r
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e
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n
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d
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s
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−
Fo
r
an
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n
1
,
t
h
e
r
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l
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d
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at
1
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3
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3
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,
an
d
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1
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7
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B
at
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5
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9
GHz
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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r
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at
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Fig
u
r
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2
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Si
m
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e
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t (
|
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|
)
f
o
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2
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u
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icate
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at
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ig
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2
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t
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d
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2
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5
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m
.
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u
b
s
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ate
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s
io
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ar
e
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s
at
3
0
m
m
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n
d
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s
at
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8
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m
.
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h
e
g
r
o
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n
d
p
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d
i
m
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ar
e
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d
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at
1
3
.
4
5
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h
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f
ee
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lin
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d
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.
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e
g
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izes
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e
g
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at
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2
5
m
m
a
n
d
g
2
at
0
.
3
5
8
m
m
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
r
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n
f
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g
u
r
ab
ilit
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,
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o
u
r
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d
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t
w
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o
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s
,
an
d
f
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e
in
d
u
cto
r
s
w
er
e
ad
d
e
d
t
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f
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u
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m
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I
SS
N:
2089
-
4864
Desig
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ev
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I
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T
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m
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k
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T
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a
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l
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m
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t e
x
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s
t
h
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q
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m
e
n
ts
f
o
r
m
u
ltib
a
n
d
o
p
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,
v
alid
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it
s
p
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tial
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w
id
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ea
d
u
s
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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337
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