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t
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th
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m
e
an
o
f
i
ts
K
-
n
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a
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t
n
e
ig
h
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o
r
s
(
KNN
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.
T
h
e
m
e
th
o
d
f
o
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es
a
n
o
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c
t
t
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m
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o
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s
a
d
en
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e
a
r
e
a
.
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t
l
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e
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s
a
r
e
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en
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er
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in
e
d
b
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je
c
t
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s
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g
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t
li
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r
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e
.
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t
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e
r
ch
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c
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g
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o
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t
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er
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h
a
s
a
m
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r
e
s
ig
n
if
i
c
an
t
m
o
v
em
en
t
.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
-
s
h
i
f
t
o
u
tl
ier
d
etec
to
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al
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ze
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th
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i
s
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ib
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lcu
lated
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tlier
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r
es
to
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etec
t
th
e
o
u
tlier
s
.
T
h
e
s
ta
n
d
ar
d
d
ev
iati
o
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(
SD)
o
f
all
th
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s
co
r
es
is
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s
ed
as
th
e
g
lo
b
al
t
h
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es
h
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ld
.
T
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
u
s
e
s
t
h
r
ee
p
o
p
u
lar
o
u
tlier
th
r
esh
o
ld
s
:
2
×
SD,
2
.
5
×
SD,
an
d
3
×
SD
[
2
2
]
.
An
y
o
b
j
ec
t
w
it
h
an
o
u
tlier
s
c
o
r
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
an
t
h
e
o
u
tlier
th
r
es
h
o
ld
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
o
u
tlier
.
2
.
4
.
Clus
t
er
ing
a
cc
ura
cy
T
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
in
d
ex
(
)
is
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s
ed
to
ev
alu
a
te
th
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
th
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f
iv
e
cl
u
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ter
i
n
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
.
I
t
r
ep
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ts
th
e
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ter
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th
e
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io
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t
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ef
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en
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ata
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th
e
clu
s
ter
ed
d
ata.
I
ts
n
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m
er
ic
v
al
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e
s
ca
n
r
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g
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f
r
o
m
0
to
1
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h
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e
b
ein
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h
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t.
A
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ac
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ea
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p
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m
atch
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et
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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r
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atch
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ce
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ata.
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h
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clu
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ter
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n
g
m
etr
ic
ca
n
b
e
co
m
p
u
ted
as f
o
llo
w
s
:
=
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11
+
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+
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(
1
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w
h
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e
:
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is
th
e
n
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m
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f
p
air
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r
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tly
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f
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.
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m
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air
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at
ar
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t c
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f
ied
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th
e
n
u
m
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f
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air
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th
at
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in
co
r
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tl
y
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f
ied
w
h
e
n
th
e
y
ar
e
n
o
t su
p
p
o
s
ed
to
.
2
.
5
.
Co
m
pa
ri
s
o
n o
f
clus
t
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ing
a
cc
ura
cy
T
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
in
d
ices o
f
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
ed
d
atasets
w
it
h
o
u
tl
ier
s
a
n
d
d
atasets
w
it
h
o
u
t
o
u
tlier
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
s
i
n
g
SD
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d
b
o
x
p
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ts
.
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h
e
SD
o
f
th
e
J
ac
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in
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ices
o
f
t
h
e
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ir
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h
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ata
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f
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ST
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h
e
E
x
ce
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f
o
r
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u
la
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ate
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h
e
SD
o
f
a
s
a
m
p
le,
i
g
n
o
r
in
g
lo
g
ical
v
al
u
es
a
n
d
tex
t
i
n
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
le.
T
h
e
SDs
o
f
t
h
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
in
d
i
ce
s
ar
e
th
en
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
eter
m
in
e
t
h
e
co
m
p
ac
t
n
es
s
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
in
d
atasets
w
it
h
o
u
tlier
s
an
d
d
ataset
s
w
it
h
o
u
t
o
u
tlier
s
.
A
s
m
aller
S
D
in
d
icate
s
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
ac
t
MC.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
J
ac
ca
r
d
in
d
ices
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
t
o
id
en
tify
w
h
ich
o
f
t
h
e
clu
s
te
r
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
is
ro
b
u
s
t.
R
o
b
u
s
tn
e
s
s
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
f
o
r
all
ch
an
n
el
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
A
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
r
o
b
u
s
t
w
h
e
n
it p
er
f
o
r
m
s
w
ell
f
o
r
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ch
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n
e
ls
.
An
al
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s
i
s
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f
v
ar
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ce
(
ANOV
A
)
is
al
s
o
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s
ed
to
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eter
m
in
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t
h
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co
n
s
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s
te
n
c
y
o
f
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u
s
ter
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
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an
ce
.
T
h
e
o
n
e
-
w
ay
A
N
O
VA
o
f
MA
T
L
A
B
(
an
o
v
a
1
)
[
2
3
]
i
s
u
s
e
d
to
g
en
e
r
a
t
e
th
e
b
o
x
p
l
o
t
[
2
4
]
,
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
3
.
T
h
e
r
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m
ar
k
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n
d
icate
s
t
h
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m
e
d
ian
,
th
e
b
o
tto
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g
e
o
f
t
h
e
b
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e
b
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tile,
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d
th
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to
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p
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ce
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tile.
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h
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w
h
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s
k
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s
ex
ten
d
to
th
e
m
o
s
t
ex
tr
e
m
e
d
ata
p
o
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ts
n
o
t
co
n
s
id
er
ed
o
u
tlier
s
.
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h
e
o
u
tlier
s
ar
e
m
ar
k
ed
in
d
iv
id
u
all
y
b
y
t
h
e
r
ed
‘
+’
s
y
m
b
o
l.
On
e
-
w
a
y
A
NOV
A
d
eter
m
in
e
s
w
h
et
h
e
r
d
ata
f
r
o
m
s
ev
er
al
g
r
o
u
p
s
h
av
e
a
co
m
m
o
n
m
ea
n
.
T
h
e
A
NO
V
A
1
to
o
l g
iv
e
s
t
h
e
F
-
s
tatis
tic
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
v
al
u
e
(
p
-
v
a
lu
e)
a
n
d
t
h
e
b
o
x
p
lo
ts
o
f
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
i
ab
le.
I
t
test
s
th
e
h
y
p
o
t
h
esi
s
t
h
at
th
e
s
a
m
p
les
in
t
h
e
in
d
ep
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d
en
t
v
ar
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le
ar
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d
r
a
w
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p
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p
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n
s
w
it
h
th
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s
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m
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m
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s
t
t
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e
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th
at
t
h
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
m
ea
n
s
ar
e
n
o
t
all
th
e
s
a
m
e.
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f
th
e
p
-
v
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is
s
m
a
ller
th
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n
t
h
e
s
i
g
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if
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ce
lev
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o
f
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test
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ts
th
e
n
u
l
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h
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o
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h
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s
t
h
at
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g
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u
p
m
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n
s
ar
e
eq
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n
d
co
n
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u
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es t
h
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t
at
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g
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u
p
m
ea
n
s
d
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f
f
er
s
f
r
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m
t
h
e
o
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s
.
Usi
n
g
b
o
x
p
lo
ts
,
t
w
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m
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ian
s
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t
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ig
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f
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ter
v
als
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o
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v
er
lap
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
B
o
x
p
lo
t o
f
J
ac
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n
d
ices s
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3.
RE
SU
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D
D
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SCU
SS
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m
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Sp
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ac
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a
3
[
2
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]
w
as
u
s
ed
f
o
r
th
e
o
u
tlier
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
r
em
o
v
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w
h
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MA
T
L
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B
2
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2
3
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w
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s
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s
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to
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ter
t
h
e
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atasets
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co
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p
u
te
t
h
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an
d
g
en
er
ate
an
o
v
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1
b
o
x
p
lo
ts
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
i
n
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
th
e
d
at
asets
w
it
h
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u
tl
ier
s
is
d
is
c
u
s
s
e
d
f
ir
s
t,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
o
u
tlier
d
et
ec
tio
n
an
d
r
e
m
o
v
a
l.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
t
h
e
d
atasets
w
i
th
o
u
t
o
u
tlier
s
i
s
elab
o
r
ated
.
L
astl
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,
t
h
e
cl
u
s
ter
i
n
g
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
t
h
e
d
atasets
w
it
h
a
n
d
w
it
h
o
u
t o
u
t
lier
s
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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KOM
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Clus
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