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e
m
ac
h
i
n
e
-
t
y
p
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
(
m
MT
C
)
,
an
d
au
g
m
en
ted
r
ea
lit
y
(
AR
)
ca
p
ab
ili
ties
,
a
m
o
n
g
o
th
er
ad
v
an
ce
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
f
u
t
u
r
e
n
et
w
o
r
k
w
ill
ca
ter
to
b
o
th
in
d
o
o
r
an
d
o
u
td
o
o
r
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
f
ac
ilit
at
in
g
s
ea
m
les
s
s
atellit
e
an
d
m
o
b
ile
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
as
w
ell
as
in
ter
n
et
o
f
th
in
g
s
(
I
o
T
)
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
7
]
.
E
x
is
ti
n
g
an
te
n
n
a
d
esi
g
n
s
,
w
h
ile
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
at
GHz
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies,
s
tr
u
g
g
le
to
m
ee
t
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
T
H
z
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
d
u
e
to
m
a
ter
ial
lo
s
s
e
s
,
d
esig
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
,
an
d
p
o
o
r
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
m
atc
h
in
g
.
T
h
is
w
o
r
k
ad
d
r
ess
es
t
h
ese
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
b
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
in
g
a
h
i
g
h
-
g
ain
,
u
ltra
w
id
e
-
b
an
d
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
p
ti
m
ized
f
o
r
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
o
p
er
atin
g
at
t
h
e
T
Hz
b
an
d
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
o
f
th
is
r
ese
ar
ch
is
to
en
h
a
n
ce
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
w
h
ile
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
6
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
R
ec
en
t
w
o
r
k
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
T
Hz
an
ten
n
as
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
o
v
er
co
m
in
g
t
h
e
tech
n
ical
ch
allen
g
es
as
s
o
ciate
d
w
it
h
h
ig
h
er
f
r
eq
u
en
cie
s
.
I
n
n
o
v
a
tio
n
s
in
m
ater
ial
s
cien
ce
,
an
t
en
n
a
d
esi
g
n
,
an
d
s
i
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
h
av
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
s
ig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
,
p
av
in
g
t
h
e
w
a
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
r
ac
tical
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
T
Hz
MI
MO
s
y
s
te
m
s
.
T
h
ese
e
f
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
cr
u
cial
i
n
ac
h
iev
i
n
g
th
e
h
ig
h
d
ata
r
ates
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
6
G
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
e
n
h
a
n
ci
n
g
co
m
m
u
n
icati
o
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
T
Hz
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
h
o
ld
s
p
o
ten
tia
l
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
m
ed
ical
ap
p
licatio
n
s
[
8
]
.
I
ts
ab
ilit
y
to
p
en
etr
ate
b
io
lo
g
ical
ti
s
s
u
es
w
i
th
m
i
n
i
m
al
d
a
m
a
g
e
o
p
en
s
n
e
w
p
o
s
s
ib
ilit
ie
s
f
o
r
m
ed
ical
i
m
a
g
in
g
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
s
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
d
esi
g
n
,
d
etailed
in
T
ab
le
1
,
s
h
o
w
ca
s
e
s
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
e
n
t
s
an
d
s
u
p
er
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
m
e
tr
ics
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
ex
is
tin
g
d
esi
g
n
s
.
I
t
ac
h
ie
v
es
s
i
g
n
if
ican
t
l
y
b
r
o
ad
er
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
s
o
f
3
.
9
T
Hz,
f
ar
ex
ce
ed
i
n
g
t
h
e
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d
w
id
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h
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alu
e
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o
f
0
.
1
1
4
T
Hz,
0
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3
T
H
z,
0
.
7
8
T
Hz,
0
.
0
5
T
Hz,
an
d
0
.
4
T
Hz
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
’
s
i
s
o
latio
n
le
v
els
s
u
r
p
ass
-
3
5
.
3
2
d
B
,
ef
f
e
ctiv
el
y
m
in
i
m
iz
in
g
in
ter
f
er
e
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ce
a
n
d
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
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r
ed
lev
els
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f
≥
-
3
5
d
B
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>
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2
0
d
B
,
>
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2
5
d
B
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>
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2
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d
B
,
>
-
2
5
d
B
,
an
d
>
-
2
0
d
B
cited
in
[
9
]
-
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
W
ith
an
e
f
f
icie
n
c
y
o
f
9
5
.
9
5
%,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
e
s
ig
n
o
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t
s
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in
e
s
t
h
e
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f
icien
c
ies
o
f
9
4
%,
9
2
%,
7
6
.
4
5
%,
an
d
8
5
.
2
4
%,
m
en
tio
n
ed
in
s
t
u
d
ies
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
g
ain
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ac
h
ie
v
es
1
5
.
9
d
B
w
h
i
ch
o
u
tp
er
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o
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4
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4
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0
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,
4
d
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,
8
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2
8
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B
,
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1
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an
d
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4
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B
in
th
e
r
ef
er
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ce
d
w
o
r
k
[
1
0
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-
[
1
5
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
w
it
h
a
n
en
v
elo
p
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
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f
icie
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t (
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C
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)
o
f
0
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0
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0
5
an
d
a
d
iv
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s
it
y
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ai
n
(
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f
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9
7
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th
e
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r
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p
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d
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n
a
s
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o
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tio
n
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m
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f
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d
DGs
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f
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9
9
d
B
r
ep
o
r
ted
in
th
e
liter
at
u
r
e
[
1
0
]
–
[
1
2
]
,
[
1
4
]
,
[
1
5
]
.
No
tab
ly
,
th
e
s
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g
g
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ted
d
esig
n
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er
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ch
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p
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m
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n
t
s
.
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h
in
g
s
co
n
s
id
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ed
,
th
e
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
al
y
s
i
s
h
i
g
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li
g
h
ts
th
e
n
o
te
w
o
r
th
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
ts
an
d
e
x
ce
lle
n
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
s
o
f
th
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
ted
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
in
g
it
s
p
o
ten
tial to
b
e
a
lead
er
in
th
e
f
ie
ld
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
P
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
co
m
p
ar
i
s
o
n
s
w
i
th
t
h
e
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
s
tate
o
f
th
e
ar
t
R
ef
.
R
e
so
n
a
n
c
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
(
T
H
z
)
B
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
(
T
H
z
)
P
o
r
t
I
so
l
a
t
i
o
n
(
d
B
)
G
a
i
n
(
d
B
)
Ef
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
(
%)
EC
C
DG
(
d
B
)
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l
R
L
C
[
1
0
]
-
0
.
1
1
4
4
-
17
4
.
4
94
0
.
0
0
0
2
/
9
.
9
9
R
o
g
e
r
s
R
O
4
8
3
5
-
T
No
[
1
1
]
1
.
9
0
.
3
2
−
3
5
10
N
/
A
0
.
0
0
0
0
2
3
/
9
.
9
9
N
/
A
No
[
1
2
]
2
.
2
0
.
7
8
-
–
20
4
9
2
%
0
.
0
0
6
/
9
.
9
9
P
o
l
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mi
d
e
No
[
1
3
]
1
.
1
N
/
A
2
−
2
0
8
.
2
8
N
/
A
N
/
A
P
y
r
e
x
No
[
1
4
]
0
.
6
5
4
0
.
0
5
-
-
25
1
1
.
6
7
7
6
.
4
5
0
.
0
0
3
/
9
.
9
9
P
o
l
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mi
d
e
No
[
1
5
]
-
0
.
4
2
-
25
5
.
4
9
8
5
.
2
4
%
0
.
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5
/
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.
9
9
P
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l
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mi
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e
No
T
h
i
s
w
o
r
k
2
.
0
5
,
3
.
9
,
4
.
5
2
3
.
9
2
-
3
1
.
9
1
1
5
.
9
9
5
.
9
5
0
.
0
0
0
5
/
9
.
9
9
7
P
o
l
y
i
mi
d
e
Y
e
s
2.
DE
S
I
G
NIN
G
O
F
T
H
E
SI
N
G
L
E
-
E
L
E
M
E
NT
ANT
E
NN
A
I
n
o
u
r
p
u
r
s
u
it
o
f
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
a
s
tate
-
of
-
th
e
-
ar
t
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
T
Hz
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
w
e
m
etic
u
lo
u
s
l
y
cr
af
ted
a
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
a
n
te
n
n
a,
r
e
f
i
n
in
g
it
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
f
o
u
r
iter
ativ
e
s
ta
g
es
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
p
ea
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
s
h
o
w
s
t
h
e
r
ef
le
ctio
n
co
ef
f
icie
n
t
o
f
ea
c
h
s
ta
g
e,
w
h
i
le
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
(
b
)
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
g
ai
n
,
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
c)
p
r
esen
ts
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
in
g
le
-
ele
m
en
t
a
n
te
n
n
a.
W
e
s
elec
ted
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
a
s
th
e
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
d
u
e
to
its
ex
ce
lle
n
t
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
tie
s
,
in
clu
d
i
n
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a
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ielec
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ic
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n
s
tan
t
o
f
3
.
5
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d
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lo
w
-
lo
s
s
ta
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0
.
0
0
2
7
.
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[
1
6
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.
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1
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Ref
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[
1
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3
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4
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20
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ated
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
1
6
9
3
-
6930
T
E
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KOM
NI
K
A
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elec
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m
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o
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p
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o
n
tr
o
l
,
Vo
l.
23
,
No
.
4
,
A
u
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
8
3
7
-
846
844
F
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est.
RE
F
E
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
M
.
A
.
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,
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.
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5
]
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7
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r
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d
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ti
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g
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ra
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Un
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rsity
Co
ll
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g
e
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y
m
e
n
sin
g
h
.
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is
p
re
se
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tl
y
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m
p
lo
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d
a
s
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stu
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t
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a
t
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ff
o
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tern
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ti
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a
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n
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(DIU
)
i
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n
g
lad
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sh
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h
e
a
re
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re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
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u
s
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o
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p
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ss
e
d
m
icr
o
strip
p
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tch
a
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ten
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s,
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h
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rtz
a
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ten
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s,
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n
d
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p
p
li
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s
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late
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to
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a
n
d
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tec
h
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o
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ies
.
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c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
k
a
w
sa
r3
3
-
1
2
4
1
@d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
M
d
.
S
h
a
r
if
Ah
a
m
m
e
d
is
a
st
u
d
e
n
t
o
f
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
i
v
e
rsit
y
a
n
d
p
u
rsu
i
n
g
a
B.
S
c
.
in
th
e
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
t
ro
n
ics
De
p
a
rtm
e
n
t.
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p
a
ss
e
d
f
r
o
m
G
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
Ba
n
g
a
b
a
n
d
h
u
c
o
ll
e
g
e
w
it
h
a
h
ig
h
e
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
.
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icro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
,
tera
h
e
r
tz
a
n
ten
n
a
,
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
b
io
m
e
d
ica
l
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
a
re
so
m
e
o
f
h
is
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
sh
a
rif
3
3
-
1
1
5
2
@d
iu
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
Re
d
w
a
n
A
.
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a
n
ta
h
a
s
a
c
c
o
m
p
li
sh
e
d
h
is
u
n
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te
st
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d
ies
i
n
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
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e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
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e
c
tro
n
ics
a
t
Da
ff
o
d
il
In
-
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
Un
iv
e
rsity
.
H
e
c
o
m
p
lete
d
h
is
h
ig
h
e
r
se
c
o
n
d
a
ry
e
d
u
c
a
ti
o
n
a
t
A
d
a
m
jee
Ca
n
to
n
m
e
n
t
Co
ll
e
g
e
.
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re
se
a
rc
h
f
o
c
u
s
e
n
c
o
m
p
a
ss
e
s
w
irele
ss
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
sp
e
c
if
ica
ll
y
m
i
c
ro
strip
p
a
tch
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n
ten
n
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,
tera
h
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rt
z
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n
ten
n
a
,
a
n
d
5
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,
a
n
d
6
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
re
d
w
a
n
3
3
-
1
1
4
5
@
d
i
u
.
e
d
u
.
b
d
.
Lito
n
C
h
a
n
d
r
a
Pa
u
l
is
su
c
c
e
ss
f
u
ll
y
f
in
ish
e
d
h
is
m
a
ste
r
’
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
E
lec
tri
c
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l
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n
d
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lec
tro
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ic
E
n
g
in
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e
rin
g
a
n
d
b
a
c
h
e
lo
r
’
s
d
e
g
re
e
in
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lec
tro
n
ics
a
n
d
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e
le
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
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o
n
E
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
1
5
a
n
d
2
0
1
2
,
re
sp
e
c
ti
v
e
l
y
.
T
h
ro
u
g
h
o
u
t
h
is
ti
m
e
a
s
a
st
u
d
e
n
t
,
h
e
h
a
s
m
a
d
e
g
e
n
e
ro
u
s
c
o
n
tri
b
u
ti
o
n
s
to
n
u
m
e
ro
u
s
n
o
n
p
r
o
f
it
so
c
ial
w
e
l
f
a
re
o
rg
a
n
iza
ti
o
n
s.
His
re
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
a
re
RF
IC,
b
io
e
lec
tro
m
a
g
n
e
ti
c
,
m
icro
w
a
v
e
tec
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
p
h
a
se
d
a
rr
a
y
s,
m
m
Wav
e
,
m
e
t
a
m
a
teria
ls,
m
e
tas
u
rfa
c
e
s,
a
n
d
w
irele
ss
se
n
so
rs
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
li
to
n
p
a
u
lete
@g
m
a
il
.
c
o
m
.
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