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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
T
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1121
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W
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is
tic
s
s
u
c
h
as
lo
w
g
ain
an
d
lo
w
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
o
th
is
en
d
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
o
f
f
er
in
g
g
o
o
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
th
is
,
w
e
u
s
e
t
w
o
tech
n
iq
u
es
: o
n
e
th
a
t d
ef
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
an
d
o
n
e
t
h
at
o
p
tim
izes t
h
e
f
ee
d
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
ch
o
ice
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
o
r
an
t
en
n
a
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
th
e
s
p
ec
i
f
ic
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Fo
r
w
ea
r
ab
le
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
te
g
r
ated
i
n
to
clo
th
i
n
g
,
te
x
ti
les
ar
e
a
p
o
p
u
lar
c
h
o
ice
d
u
e
to
t
h
eir
ea
s
y
i
n
co
r
p
o
r
atio
n
in
to
f
ab
r
ics
[
7
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
all
y
,
p
ap
er
-
b
ased
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
s
,
w
h
ic
h
ar
e
b
o
th
af
f
o
r
d
ab
le
an
d
w
id
el
y
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le,
p
r
esen
t
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
i
n
g
o
p
tio
n
f
o
r
ec
o
-
f
r
ien
d
l
y
elec
tr
o
n
ics
[
8
]
.
Po
ly
m
er
-
b
ased
s
u
b
s
tr
ates
ar
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
u
s
ed
in
an
te
n
n
a
m
an
u
f
ac
t
u
r
in
g
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
es
e,
p
o
ly
i
m
id
e
(
Kap
to
n
)
[
9
]
,
p
o
ly
et
h
y
le
n
e
ter
ep
h
t
h
alate
(
P
E
T
)
[
1
0
]
,
an
d
p
o
ly
d
i
m
et
h
y
l
s
ilo
x
an
e
(
P
DM
S)
[
1
1
]
a
r
e
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
ale
n
t.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
a
k
e
y
d
i
s
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
th
ese
m
ater
ials
i
s
th
at
th
e
y
ar
e
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
p
etr
o
leu
m
-
b
ased
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
.
T
h
is
h
as
led
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
in
ter
est
in
e
x
p
lo
r
in
g
alter
n
ati
v
es
th
at
ca
n
m
i
n
i
m
ize
th
e
r
elia
n
ce
o
n
s
u
ch
m
ater
ial
s
,
th
er
eb
y
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
i
m
p
ac
t
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
o
n
f
o
s
s
il
f
u
e
ls
i
n
elec
tr
o
n
ic
d
ev
ices.
I
n
r
esp
o
n
s
e,
w
e
s
u
g
g
e
s
t
u
s
i
n
g
a
b
io
-
b
ased
p
o
l
y
m
er
as
a
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
f
o
r
a
cir
cu
lar
p
atch
an
te
n
n
a
d
esig
n
e
d
to
o
p
er
ate
at
6
0
GHz
[
1
2
]
.
I
n
th
e
av
ailab
le
s
cie
n
ti
f
ic
liter
atu
r
e,
w
e
h
a
v
e
f
o
u
n
d
s
ev
er
al
t
y
p
e
s
an
d
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
es o
f
an
te
n
n
a
s
ex
p
lo
ited
in
th
e
6
0
GHz
b
an
d
to
m
ee
t
th
e
n
ee
d
s
r
elate
d
to
cu
r
r
en
t
w
ir
eless
ap
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
5
G
an
d
6
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
I
n
t
h
e
w
o
r
k
o
f
[
1
3
]
,
w
e
f
i
n
d
a
g
e
n
er
al
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
p
atch
an
ten
n
as
w
it
h
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
f
o
r
f
u
tu
r
e
5
G/6
G
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
,
it
al
s
o
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
l
y
e
m
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
an
ten
n
a
d
esig
n
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
o
n
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
s
u
ch
as
an
alo
g
,
d
ig
ital
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
,
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
.
A
lan
az
i
et
a
l.
[
1
4
]
,
w
e
f
i
n
d
th
e
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
e
o
f
a
4
×4
MI
MO
an
te
n
n
a
ar
r
a
y
o
p
er
ati
n
g
at
6
0
GHz
.
T
h
e
a
u
th
o
r
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
s
e
m
icir
cu
lar
“
P
”
-
s
h
ap
ed
an
te
n
n
a
t
h
at
ac
h
iev
e
s
t
h
e
f
o
llo
w
i
n
g
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
s
: a
g
ai
n
o
f
9
d
B
an
d
a
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
o
f
6
GHz
.
F
u
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
A
l
h
ar
b
i
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
is
d
e
v
o
ted
to
w
o
r
k
o
n
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
esi
g
n
o
f
a
6
0
G
Hz
s
er
ies
-
f
ed
co
m
p
lian
t
an
te
n
n
a
f
o
r
6
G
an
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
I
t
o
p
er
ates
in
th
e
5
7
GHz
to
6
2
GHz
b
an
d
,
h
as
attr
ac
tiv
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
a
n
d
r
ad
iatio
n
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
f
o
r
6
G
an
d
b
e
y
o
n
d
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
a
n
d
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
g
ai
n
o
f
1
4
.
7
d
B
i
as
w
e
ll
as
a
d
ir
ec
tio
n
al
r
a
d
iatio
n
b
ea
m
i
n
th
e
h
e
m
is
p
h
er
ical
v
ie
w
i
n
g
d
ir
ec
ti
o
n
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
P
atch
an
ten
n
as
t
y
p
icall
y
h
av
e
a
n
ar
r
o
w
b
a
n
d
w
id
th
,
o
f
te
n
n
o
t
ex
ce
ed
in
g
1
0
%,
w
h
ic
h
m
ak
e
s
co
v
er
i
n
g
u
n
lice
n
s
ed
6
0
GH
z
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
b
an
d
s
c
h
alle
n
g
in
g
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
i
s
li
m
ita
tio
n
,
v
ar
io
u
s
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
t
o
en
h
an
c
e
th
e
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
.
T
h
ese
in
clu
d
e
m
o
d
i
f
icatio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
in
tr
o
d
u
ci
n
g
a
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
s
lo
t
in
t
h
e
p
atch
[
1
6
]
,
[
1
7
]
,
u
s
in
g
a
n
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
an
L
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
r
o
b
e
[
2
0
]
,
a
d
d
i
n
g
p
ar
asi
tic
p
atch
e
s
[
2
1
]
,
an
d
e
m
p
lo
y
i
n
g
a
h
o
r
n
an
te
n
n
a
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
[
2
2
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
le,
t
h
e
U
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
an
ten
n
a
ca
n
ac
h
ie
v
e
a
b
an
d
w
i
d
th
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
o
f
u
p
to
1
5
%
d
u
e
to
th
e
ad
d
ed
s
lo
t.
T
h
e
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
p
atch
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
h
o
w
s
a
2
1
.
7
%
in
cr
ea
s
e
i
n
i
m
p
ed
a
n
ce
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
t
h
an
k
s
to
t
h
e
in
cl
u
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
E
-
s
h
ap
ed
n
o
tc
h
.
W
h
ile
h
o
r
n
an
te
n
n
as
ca
n
also
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
b
an
d
w
id
th
,
t
h
e
y
te
n
d
to
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
s
tl
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
ir
co
m
p
le
x
d
esi
g
n
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
cir
cu
lar
p
atc
h
a
n
ten
n
a
s
i
n
t
h
e
6
0
GHz
b
an
d
is
ess
e
n
tia
l
f
o
r
h
i
g
h
-
s
p
ee
d
w
ir
eles
s
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
s
u
ch
as 5
G/6
G
an
d
W
i
-
Fi.
I
n
d
e
ed
,
th
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
an
te
n
n
a
b
en
e
f
i
ts
f
r
o
m
n
e
w
d
esig
n
tech
n
iq
u
es
t
h
at
o
p
ti
m
ize
e
f
f
i
cien
c
y
,
m
i
n
iat
u
r
izatio
n
,
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
f
o
r
m
o
b
ile
d
e
v
ices
an
d
co
n
n
ec
ted
o
b
j
ec
ts
.
T
h
eir
ab
ilit
y
to
o
p
er
ate
in
th
e
6
0
GHz
b
an
d
,
co
m
b
in
ed
w
it
h
cir
cu
lar
p
o
la
r
izatio
n
,
g
u
ar
an
tees
o
p
tim
u
m
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
i
n
co
m
p
lex
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
,
m
a
k
i
n
g
th
e
m
cr
u
cial
to
th
e
ev
o
lu
t
io
n
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
n
et
w
o
r
k
s
.
T
h
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
o
f
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
is
o
u
tli
n
ed
as
f
o
llo
w
s
:
W
e
b
eg
in
w
ith
a
n
i
n
tr
o
d
u
c
tio
n
,
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
d
escr
ip
tio
n
o
f
th
e
a
n
te
n
n
a
d
es
ig
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Ne
x
t,
w
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
i
m
u
latio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
a
n
ten
n
a
u
s
in
g
h
i
g
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
e
s
i
m
u
lato
r
(
HFS
S
)
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e.
W
e
th
e
n
co
m
p
ar
e
t
h
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
esu
lt
s
w
it
h
t
h
o
s
e
f
o
u
n
d
i
n
t
h
e
e
x
is
t
in
g
liter
atu
r
e.
Fi
n
all
y
,
w
e
co
n
clu
d
e
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
w
it
h
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
th
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
.
2.
CIRCU
L
AR
P
AR
T
CH
AN
T
E
NNA
D
E
S
I
G
N
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
T
he
a
i
m
o
f
s
elec
t
ing
t
he
6
0
G
H
z
f
re
qu
ency
ba
nd
T
h
e
6
0
GHz
b
an
d
o
f
f
er
s
ef
f
ici
en
t
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
u
p
to
s
ev
er
al
g
ig
ab
it
s
)
w
it
h
lo
w
lat
e
n
c
y
.
T
h
e
6
0
GHz
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
b
an
d
s
u
f
f
er
s
f
r
o
m
p
ath
atten
u
atio
n
t
h
at
i
s
ap
p
r
o
x
i
m
atel
y
a
t
h
o
u
s
an
d
ti
m
es
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
at
o
f
a
2
GHz
s
ig
n
al
i
n
f
r
ee
s
p
ac
e.
I
t
is
s
p
ec
if
ical
l
y
i
n
te
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RE
F
E
R
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NC
E
S
[
1
]
W
.
H
o
n
g
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
M
u
l
t
i
b
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a
m
a
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e
n
n
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t
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h
n
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w
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mm
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a
t
i
o
n
s,
”
I
EEE
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ra
n
s
a
c
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s
o
n
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t
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n
a
s
a
n
d
Pro
p
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o
n
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5
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n
o
.
1
2
,
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p
.
6
2
3
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4
9
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0
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1
1
0
9
/
T
A
P
.
2
0
1
7
.
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8
1
9
.
[
2
]
N
.
O
.
P
a
r
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h
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n
,
A
.
U
l
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h
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.
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.
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A
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me
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.
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Re
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&
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n
,
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.
1
4
,
n
o
.
5
,
p
.
2
0
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0
,
2
0
2
0
.
[
3
]
S
.
F
a
y
e
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
A
su
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y
o
n
EM
F
-
a
w
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m
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b
i
l
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t
w
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g
,
”
I
EEE
Ac
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ss
,
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.
1
1
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p
p
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9
/
A
C
C
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.
2
0
2
3
.
3
2
9
7
0
9
8
.
[
4
]
S.
-
E.
D
i
d
i
e
t
a
l
.
,
“
C
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
a
so
f
t
c
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l
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5
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a
t
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y
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f
2
.
4
5
G
H
z
,
”
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n
Art
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f
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l
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t
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l
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g
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D
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n
d
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s
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7
8
-
3
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0
3
1
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4
8
5
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3
-
2
_
6
8
.
[
5
]
Y
.
Z
h
u
,
K
.
C
h
e
n
,
S
.
-
Y
.
T
a
n
g
,
C
.
Y
u
,
a
n
d
W
.
H
o
n
g
,
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v
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a
p
p
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c
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t
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n
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,
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EEE
An
t
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s
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n
d
W
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re
l
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ss
Pr
o
p
a
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a
t
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L
e
t
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s
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v
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l
.
2
2
,
n
o
.
9
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