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p
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[
1
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2
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[
3
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2791
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[
6
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[
8
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.
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u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices,
teac
h
er
s
ca
n
cr
ea
te
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
lear
n
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
ter
t
o
th
e
n
atu
r
al
laws
o
f
th
e
b
r
ain
an
d
alig
n
with
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
is
t
ed
u
ca
tio
n
th
eo
r
ies
[
9
]
.
Stu
d
ies
h
av
e
em
p
h
asized
th
e
im
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
b
u
ild
in
g
a
s
c
ien
tific
g
r
o
u
n
d
wo
r
k
f
o
r
BBL
,
ad
v
o
ca
tin
g
f
o
r
a
s
k
ep
tical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
war
d
s
b
r
ain
-
b
ased
claim
s
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
s
y
s
tem
atic
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
r
esear
ch
er
s
,
teac
h
er
s
,
an
d
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
[
1
0
]
.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
s
cien
tific
liter
ac
y
s
k
ills
to
n
av
ig
ate
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
b
r
ain
-
b
ased
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
[
1
1
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
all
y
,
tr
a
in
in
g
f
o
r
n
eu
r
o
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
s
h
o
u
ld
in
clu
d
e
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ev
alu
atio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
to
co
n
n
e
ct
ed
u
ca
tio
n
with
p
r
ac
tice
an
d
av
o
id
ex
ag
g
er
ated
claim
s
co
m
m
o
n
l
y
f
o
u
n
d
in
b
r
ain
-
b
ased
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
a
d
v
er
ti
s
em
en
ts
[
1
2
]
.
BBL
h
as
b
ee
n
f
o
u
n
d
to
en
h
a
n
ce
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
f
ac
ilit
ate
lear
n
in
g
,
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
e
ac
ad
em
ic
o
u
tc
o
m
es
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
s
u
b
jects,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
m
at
h
em
atics,
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
lan
g
u
a
g
e
[
1
3
]
–
[
1
5
]
.
I
m
p
lem
en
tin
g
b
r
ai
n
-
b
ased
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies
b
ased
o
n
th
e
b
r
ain
’
s
n
atu
r
al
lear
n
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
ca
n
b
e
n
ef
it
all
s
tu
d
en
ts
,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
o
s
e
i
n
in
clu
s
iv
e
class
r
o
o
m
s
in
h
ig
h
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
[
1
6
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
BBL
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
h
o
wn
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
en
ts
’
co
n
ce
p
tu
al
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
cr
ea
tiv
ity
,
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
ab
ilit
ies,
an
d
s
elf
-
ef
f
icac
y
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es'
lo
w
r
an
k
in
g
in
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
in
te
r
n
ati
o
n
al
s
tu
d
en
t
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
(
PIS
A)
ca
n
b
e
attr
ib
u
ted
to
v
ar
io
u
s
f
ac
to
r
s
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
av
ailab
le
liter
atu
r
e.
On
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
ea
s
o
n
is
th
e
p
o
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
Fil
ip
in
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
in
r
ea
d
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
,
m
ath
em
atics,
an
d
s
cien
ce
,
as
ev
id
en
ce
d
b
y
th
eir
r
an
k
in
g
s
n
ea
r
th
e
b
o
tto
m
am
o
n
g
p
ar
ticip
ati
n
g
co
u
n
t
r
ies
[
1
8
]
,
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
ch
allen
g
es
in
s
tu
d
en
ts
'
p
r
o
f
icien
cy
in
th
ese
co
r
e
s
u
b
jects,
wh
ich
ar
e
c
r
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
s
u
cc
ess
an
d
o
v
er
all
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
r
ev
alen
ce
o
f
f
ix
ed
m
in
d
s
ets am
o
n
g
Fil
ip
in
o
s
tu
d
en
ts
h
as b
ee
n
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
ed
as a
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
f
ac
to
r
to
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
'
s
lo
w
PI
SA
s
co
r
es.
C
o
u
n
tr
ies
with
lo
w
PISA
r
an
k
in
g
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
th
e
Ph
ilip
p
in
es,
o
f
ten
ex
h
ib
it
a
h
ig
h
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
ts
ca
teg
o
r
ized
in
to
a
f
ix
ed
m
in
d
s
et,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
ac
t
th
eir
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
an
d
ac
a
d
em
ic
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t
[
2
0
]
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
m
in
d
s
et
is
s
u
es
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
g
r
o
w
th
m
in
d
s
ets
am
o
n
g
s
tu
d
en
ts
co
u
ld
p
o
ten
tially
lead
to
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
in
lear
n
in
g
a
ttit
u
d
es a
n
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Fu
r
th
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
c
h
a
lle
n
g
es
in
b
u
ild
in
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
s
c
ie
n
c
e
li
te
r
ac
y
a
n
d
s
t
r
u
g
g
l
es
i
n
d
e
v
e
lo
p
i
n
g
s
tu
d
e
n
ts
'
p
r
o
f
i
cie
n
c
y
i
n
s
cie
n
ce
h
av
e
b
ee
n
i
d
en
ti
f
ie
d
as
a
r
ea
s
o
f
c
o
n
ce
r
n
i
n
th
e
P
h
i
li
p
p
i
n
es'
e
d
u
c
a
tio
n
a
l
s
y
s
t
em
[
2
1
]
.
Scie
n
c
e
l
ite
r
ac
y
is
ess
en
tia
l
f
o
r
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
to
e
n
g
a
g
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
wit
h
s
ci
en
ti
f
ic
c
o
n
ce
p
ts
a
n
d
a
p
p
l
y
cr
i
tic
al
th
i
n
k
i
n
g
s
k
i
lls
,
wh
ic
h
a
r
e
ev
alu
at
ed
i
n
ass
ess
m
e
n
ts
li
k
e
P
I
SA
.
Ad
d
r
ess
in
g
g
a
p
s
i
n
s
ci
e
n
c
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
ti
n
g
cr
ea
t
i
v
it
y
a
n
d
n
o
v
elt
y
in
cu
r
r
ic
u
l
u
m
d
esi
g
n
co
u
ld
p
o
te
n
ti
all
y
le
a
d
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
ts
i
n
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
i
n
s
ci
en
ce
-
r
el
ate
d
s
u
b
j
ec
ts
.
I
n
t
h
e
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
es'
e
d
u
ca
t
io
n
al
s
y
s
te
m
,
b
u
il
d
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
ts
'
s
cie
n
ce
lite
r
a
cy
a
n
d
d
ev
el
o
p
in
g
t
h
ei
r
p
r
o
f
i
cie
n
cy
i
n
s
cie
n
ce
p
r
es
e
n
t
s
ig
n
i
f
ic
a
n
t
ch
all
e
n
g
es.
O
n
e
k
e
y
a
r
ea
o
f
c
o
n
c
er
n
is
th
e
i
n
t
eg
r
a
ti
o
n
o
f
BBL
s
tr
at
eg
i
es,
wh
ic
h
em
p
h
as
ize
t
h
e
i
m
p
o
r
ta
n
ce
o
f
ali
g
n
i
n
g
t
ea
ch
in
g
m
e
th
o
d
s
wi
th
h
o
w
t
h
e
b
r
ai
n
n
at
u
r
al
ly
le
ar
n
s
.
T
h
es
e
s
t
r
at
e
g
ies
o
f
te
n
i
n
cl
u
d
e
a
cti
v
e
le
ar
n
i
n
g
,
m
u
ltis
e
n
s
o
r
y
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
en
t
,
a
n
d
f
o
s
te
r
i
n
g
a
p
o
s
iti
v
e
e
m
o
ti
o
n
al
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
.
H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
s
u
c
h
m
e
th
o
d
s
is
h
i
n
d
e
r
e
d
b
y
s
ev
e
r
al
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
c
lu
d
i
n
g
a
l
ac
k
o
f
r
eso
u
r
c
es,
i
n
s
u
f
f
ic
ie
n
t
t
ea
c
h
er
t
r
a
in
in
g
,
an
d
o
v
er
cr
o
w
d
e
d
c
lass
r
o
o
m
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
t
u
d
y
,
t
h
e
r
es
ea
r
c
h
e
r
s
s
o
u
g
h
t
to
b
r
id
g
e
t
h
e
g
a
p
b
etwe
e
n
t
h
eo
r
y
a
n
d
p
r
ac
ti
ce
o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
e
d
u
ca
t
o
r
s
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
tr
ai
n
i
n
g
d
esi
g
n
t
h
a
t e
n
r
ic
h
e
d
t
h
e
ir
u
n
d
e
r
s
ta
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
BBL
a
n
d
its
r
e
le
v
an
ce
t
o
s
c
ie
n
c
e
e
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
e
n
ab
le
d
e
d
u
ca
to
r
s
to
ef
f
ec
ti
v
el
y
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
t
ea
c
h
i
n
g
an
d
lea
r
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
in
ci
p
les
a
n
d
co
n
c
e
p
ts
o
f
BBL
.
Sp
e
ci
f
ic
all
y
,
t
h
is
r
ese
a
r
c
h
s
tu
d
y
ai
m
e
d
to
:
i)
W
h
at
is
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t l
e
v
el
o
f
t
ea
ch
er
s
’
k
n
o
wl
ed
g
e
an
d
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
BBL
?
ii)
Ho
w
d
o
es
t
h
e
d
e
v
e
lo
p
ed
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
a
f
f
ec
t
te
ac
h
er
s
'
a
b
i
lit
y
to
a
p
p
l
y
B
B
L
p
r
in
cip
les
i
n
t
h
eir
class
r
o
o
m
p
r
a
cti
ce
s
b
ef
o
r
e
a
n
d
a
f
te
r
its
i
m
p
le
m
e
n
ta
ti
o
n
?
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
e
d
a
m
ix
e
d
-
m
eth
o
d
d
escr
ip
tiv
e
r
esear
ch
d
esig
n
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
ely
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
a
B
B
L
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
f
o
r
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
.
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
aim
ed
to
a
d
d
r
e
s
s
s
p
ec
if
ic
g
ap
s
in
teac
h
er
s
'
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
p
r
ac
tices
b
y
f
ir
s
t
id
en
tify
in
g
th
ese
g
ap
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
e
-
ass
ess
m
en
t
to
o
ls
.
T
h
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
was
th
en
d
esig
n
ed
t
o
d
ir
ec
tly
ta
r
g
et
th
ese
ar
ea
s
,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
B
B
L
s
tr
ateg
ies
t
ailo
r
ed
to
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
teac
h
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
,
b
o
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I
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t
J
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v
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Vo
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14
,
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4
,
Au
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u
s
t
2025
:
2
7
9
0
-
2
7
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2792
2
.
1
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
cr
it
er
ia
a
nd
r
esea
rc
h r
esp
o
nd
e
nts
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
in
v
o
lv
e
d
a
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
,
s
elec
tin
g
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
r
elev
an
ce
to
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
b
jectiv
es.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
wer
e
s
ev
en
teac
h
er
s
f
r
o
m
Ma
t
-
I
Natio
n
al
Hig
h
Sch
o
o
l,
co
m
p
r
is
in
g
two
s
cien
ce
teac
h
er
s
an
d
f
iv
e
m
ath
em
atics
teac
h
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
am
p
le
was
ch
o
s
en
b
ec
au
s
e
th
ey
wer
e
d
ir
ec
tly
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
teac
h
in
g
s
u
b
jects
wh
er
e
B
B
L
tech
n
iq
u
es
co
u
l
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
tu
d
e
n
t
en
g
a
g
em
en
t
an
d
r
eten
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
we
r
e
in
v
ited
to
jo
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
af
t
er
ex
p
r
ess
in
g
in
ter
est
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
th
eir
teac
h
i
n
g
m
eth
o
d
o
l
o
g
ies an
d
wer
e
willin
g
to
p
ar
ticip
ate
in
all
s
tag
es o
f
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
p
r
o
g
r
am
.
2
.
2
.
Da
t
a
g
a
t
hering
pro
ce
du
re
T
h
e
r
e
s
ea
r
c
h
e
r
s
e
m
b
a
r
k
e
d
o
n
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
e
n
s
i
v
e
s
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
s
t
e
p
s
t
o
e
v
a
l
u
a
te
t
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
f
t
h
e
B
B
L
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
T
h
e
k
e
y
a
ch
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
i
n
d
i
c
at
o
r
s
w
e
r
e
:
i
)
C
o
n
d
u
c
t
i
n
g
a
n
e
e
d
s
as
s
ess
m
en
t
s
u
r
v
e
y
t
o
i
d
e
n
ti
f
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
ts
'
b
a
s
el
i
n
e
k
n
o
w
l
e
d
g
e
,
s
k
i
l
ls
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a
n
d
a
r
e
a
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
e
n
t
r
e
g
a
r
d
i
n
g
BBL
.
S
u
cc
es
s
w
as
m
e
as
u
r
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d
b
y
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h
e
i
d
e
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t
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ti
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s
i
n
k
n
o
w
le
d
g
e
a
n
d
p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
;
ii
)
D
es
i
g
n
i
n
g
a
t
a
r
g
e
t
e
d
t
r
a
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n
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p
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d
o
n
t
h
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a
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s
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m
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n
t
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es
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l
ts
,
w
it
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s
u
c
c
es
s
m
e
as
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r
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d
b
y
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h
e
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l
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ti
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d
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h
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n
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c
o
n
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t
;
i
ii
)
V
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li
d
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
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g
r
a
m
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
e
x
p
e
r
t
r
e
v
i
e
w
s
,
f
a
c
e
v
a
l
i
d
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
a
d
r
y
r
u
n
.
T
h
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
p
h
a
s
e
wa
s
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
d
b
y
e
x
p
e
r
t
a
p
p
r
o
v
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l
a
n
d
a
n
y
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s
a
r
y
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
s
t
o
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
;
iv
)
S
e
l
e
c
ti
n
g
M
a
t
-
I
N
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
H
i
g
h
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c
h
o
o
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as
t
h
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a
r
c
h
s
i
t
e
a
n
d
s
u
c
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es
s
f
u
ll
y
in
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
’
s
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
a
c
t
i
o
n
c
e
ll
(
L
AC
)
s
es
s
i
o
n
s
.
A
ch
i
e
v
e
m
e
n
t
h
e
r
e
wa
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
b
y
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h
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s
e
a
m
l
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s
a
d
a
p
ta
t
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o
n
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th
e
t
r
a
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n
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n
g
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
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x
i
s
ti
n
g
L
A
C
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
a
r
t
i
cip
a
n
t
s
;
v
)
A
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
e
r
i
n
g
a
p
r
e
t
e
s
t
t
o
es
t
a
b
l
is
h
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
n
ts
’
b
a
s
el
i
n
e
u
n
d
e
r
s
t
an
d
i
n
g
o
f
BBL
,
w
i
t
h
s
u
c
c
es
s
m
e
a
s
u
r
e
d
b
y
c
a
p
t
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
i
n
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t
i
al
k
n
o
w
l
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g
e
l
e
v
e
l
o
f
a
l
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p
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ti
c
i
p
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n
ts
;
vi
)
D
e
li
v
e
r
i
n
g
e
n
g
a
g
i
n
g
t
r
a
i
n
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n
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s
e
s
s
i
o
n
s
,
in
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
ti
v
e
a
c
ti
v
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ti
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s
u
c
h
a
s
g
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m
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n
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o
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o
n
p
l
a
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n
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g
.
T
h
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q
u
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l
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y
o
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p
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c
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p
a
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g
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d
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a
ct
i
o
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w
as
a
k
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d
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c
at
o
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o
f
s
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c
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s
a
t
t
h
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s
s
t
a
g
e
,
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v
a
l
u
at
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
d
i
r
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c
t
o
b
s
e
r
v
a
t
i
o
n
;
v
i
i
)
P
a
r
t
ic
i
p
a
n
ts
w
e
r
e
t
as
k
e
d
w
i
t
h
c
r
e
a
ti
n
g
l
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s
s
o
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p
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s
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t
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g
r
a
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B
B
L
s
t
r
a
t
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g
ies
,
a
n
d
s
u
c
c
e
s
s
w
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s
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a
u
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d
b
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b
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h
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s
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r
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h
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s
;
a
n
d
v
i
i
i
)
C
o
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
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r
a
m
w
i
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a
p
o
s
t
t
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s
t
t
o
m
e
a
s
u
r
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h
e
p
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i
p
a
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t
s
’
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c
r
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a
s
e
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k
n
o
w
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d
g
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a
n
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w
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s
s
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f
B
B
L
.
S
u
c
c
ess
w
a
s
in
d
i
c
a
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d
b
y
a
s
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g
n
i
f
i
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t
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p
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t
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t
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s
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m
p
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d
t
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h
e
p
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t
es
t
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
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t
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e
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h
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s
t
a
n
d
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g
o
f
B
B
L
c
o
n
c
e
p
ts
a
n
d
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
.
2
.
3
.
Crit
er
ia
f
o
r
s
elec
t
ing
re
f
er
ence
s
T
h
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
th
e
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
s
elec
ted
b
ased
o
n
th
eir
r
elev
an
ce
to
B
B
L
th
eo
r
ies
an
d
p
r
ac
tices,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
esea
r
ch
th
at
h
as
estab
lis
h
ed
th
e
b
en
ef
its
o
f
B
B
L
in
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
t
ea
ch
in
g
e
f
f
icac
y
i
n
s
cien
ce
an
d
m
ath
e
m
atics.
T
h
e
citatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
o
n
ly
f
r
o
m
r
ep
u
tab
le
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
jo
u
r
n
als
th
at
ar
e
Sco
p
u
s
in
d
ex
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d
,
p
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r
-
r
ev
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d
,
an
d
t
h
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lik
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to
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n
s
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r
e
th
e
v
a
lid
ity
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
T
he
t
ra
ini
ng
des
ig
n
T
h
e
n
ee
d
s
ass
ess
m
en
t
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
Ma
t
-
I
Natio
n
al
Hig
h
Sc
h
o
o
l
id
en
tifie
d
cr
u
cial
ar
ea
s
th
at
n
ee
d
ed
to
b
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
d
u
r
in
g
tr
ain
i
n
g
s
ess
io
n
s
.
T
h
is
ev
alu
atio
n
h
elp
ed
to
tailo
r
th
e
tr
ain
i
n
g
cu
r
r
icu
lu
m
to
th
e
s
p
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if
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n
ee
d
s
an
d
ch
allen
g
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th
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u
ca
to
r
f
ac
e
in
t
h
eir
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
ts
.
B
y
id
en
tify
in
g
th
ese
k
ey
ar
ea
s
,
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
was
b
o
th
r
el
ev
an
t
an
d
im
p
ac
tf
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l,
en
h
a
n
cin
g
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
'
ab
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y
to
im
p
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o
v
e
s
cien
ce
ed
u
ca
tio
n
b
y
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
two
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
s
y
c
h
o
lo
g
ical
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
lear
n
in
g
:
“
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ain
-
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ased
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q
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t
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m
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t
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n
s
.
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r
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y
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t
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a
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p
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as
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n
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o
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f
2
.
3
4
,
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h
i
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h
f
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l
l
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er
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h
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v
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b
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l
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p
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ti
o
n
o
f
“
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e
g
i
n
n
e
r
”
.
T
h
i
s
a
li
g
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t
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f
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m
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d
u
c
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t
i
o
n
a
l
o
u
t
c
o
m
e
s
[
2
2
]
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
y
“
a
p
p
l
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c
a
t
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o
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o
f
l
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a
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n
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n
g
t
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e
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,
”
t
h
e
m
e
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n
s
c
o
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i
s
3
.
0
1
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
i
n
t
e
r
p
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t
e
d
as
“
c
o
m
p
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t
e
n
t
”
.
T
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i
s
s
u
g
g
e
s
ts
t
h
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t
w
h
i
l
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r
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s
p
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d
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t
s
m
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n
l
y
h
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b
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n
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r
'
s
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a
m
i
l
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y
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t
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t
s
,
t
h
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y
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r
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m
ew
h
a
t
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e
p
t
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p
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l
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g
t
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h
e
o
r
ie
s
i
n
p
r
a
c
ti
c
a
l
s
ce
n
a
r
i
o
s
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
,
r
es
e
a
r
ch
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
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t
s
t
h
at
w
h
il
e
e
d
u
c
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t
o
r
s
m
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g
r
a
s
p
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h
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o
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t
i
ca
l
c
o
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e
p
ts
,
t
r
a
n
s
l
a
ti
n
g
t
h
e
s
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i
n
t
o
e
f
f
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c
ti
v
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t
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a
c
h
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n
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p
r
a
c
ti
c
e
s
r
e
m
a
i
n
s
a
c
h
a
l
l
e
n
g
e
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
e
“
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
e
f
f
e
c
ti
v
e
n
e
s
s
o
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l
ea
r
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i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
”
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a
t
e
g
o
r
y
h
a
s
a
m
e
a
n
s
c
o
r
e
o
f
2
.
1
5
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
a
l
s
o
i
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t
e
r
p
r
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t
e
d
a
s
“
b
e
g
i
n
n
e
r
”
.
T
h
i
s
s
k
e
p
ti
c
is
m
i
s
e
c
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o
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d
i
n
l
i
t
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r
a
t
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r
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t
h
at
d
i
s
cu
s
s
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t
h
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b
a
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i
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r
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le
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p
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m
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a
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iz
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c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
R
eg
a
r
d
i
n
g
“
c
h
a
l
l
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g
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e
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r
n
i
n
g,
”
t
h
e
m
e
a
n
s
c
o
r
e
is
2
.
4
2
,
c
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
z
e
d
as
“
b
e
g
i
n
n
e
r
”
.
T
h
i
s
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n
d
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c
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th
a
t
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n
m
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n
t
s
[
2
7
]
.
T
ab
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
e
-
tr
ain
in
g
ass
ess
m
en
t
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
th
at
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
g
e
n
e
r
ally
r
ated
th
em
s
elv
es
h
ig
h
ly
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
ar
ea
s
r
elate
d
to
BBL
.
T
h
ey
f
elt
m
o
s
t
co
n
f
id
en
t
in
a
p
p
ly
in
g
B
B
L
s
tr
ateg
ies
(
m
ea
n
:
4
.
5
1
)
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tiat
ed
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
f
o
r
d
iv
e
r
s
e
lear
n
er
s
(
m
ea
n
:
4
.
3
6
)
,
b
o
t
h
o
f
wh
ich
r
ec
eiv
ed
an
“
ex
ce
llen
t
”
v
er
b
al
in
te
r
p
r
etati
o
n
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
s
tr
o
n
g
ab
ilit
ies
i
n
m
an
a
g
in
g
s
tu
d
en
t
an
x
iety
an
d
f
ea
r
d
u
r
in
g
s
tr
ess
f
u
l
s
itu
atio
n
s
(
m
ea
n
:
4
.
2
5
)
,
also
r
ated
as
“
ex
ce
llen
t
”
.
I
n
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
an
d
class
r
o
o
m
m
an
a
g
em
en
t,
th
e
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
was
s
lig
h
tly
lo
wer
at
4
.
1
1
,
in
ter
p
r
et
ed
as
“
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
”
.
Ho
wev
er
,
wh
en
it
ca
m
e
t
o
e
n
h
an
cin
g
lear
n
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
r
ain
-
b
ased
teac
h
in
g
b
y
in
te
g
r
atin
g
n
eu
r
o
s
cien
ce
p
r
in
cip
les
in
to
less
o
n
p
lan
n
in
g
,
r
esp
o
n
d
e
n
ts
f
elt
less
p
r
o
f
icien
t,
with
a
s
co
r
e
o
f
3
.
4
9
,
th
o
u
g
h
s
till
with
in
th
e
“
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
”
r
an
g
e.
O
v
er
all,
t
h
e
g
r
an
d
m
ea
n
o
f
4
.
1
4
4
r
ef
le
cts
a
“
v
er
y
g
o
o
d
”
lev
el
o
f
c
o
m
p
eten
ce
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ar
ea
s
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
wh
ile
r
esp
o
n
d
en
ts
ex
h
ib
it
s
tr
o
n
g
b
aselin
e
s
k
ills
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
d
ir
ec
t
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
B
B
L
s
tr
ateg
ies
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
tia
ted
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
,
th
er
e
is
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
g
r
o
wth
in
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e
u
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in
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tices.
R
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s
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n
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im
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f
th
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n
b
e
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u
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er
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r
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s
tan
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a
s
tu
d
y
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led
th
at
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ly
3
4
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f
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5
teac
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co
u
ld
ac
cu
r
ately
d
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ch
ar
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tin
g
a
g
ap
i
n
k
n
o
wle
d
g
e
an
d
ap
p
licatio
n
[
2
8
]
.
T
h
i
s
f
in
d
in
g
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n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
n
ec
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f
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t
th
at
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ly
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ce
s
teac
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t
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ap
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licatio
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s
[
2
9
]
.
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r
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3
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2
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4
8
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ab
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P
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V
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3
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4
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s
4
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3
6
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t
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n
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m
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n
4
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1
4
4
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d
3
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2
.
I
m
ple
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ent
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t
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T
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F
ig
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r
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1
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lects
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t
p
o
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itiv
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t
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f
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p
r
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g
r
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o
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p
ar
ticip
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ts
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n
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k
ills
ac
r
o
s
s
v
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tr
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I
n
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p
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7
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2
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ly
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t
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ed
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r
o
m
3
.
1
2
to
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.
1
1
.
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h
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n
d
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s
tan
d
in
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ased
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m
2
.
2
3
to
3
.
4
9
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Ap
p
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B
B
L
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m
2
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6
2
to
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.
5
1
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d
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3
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3
2
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3
6
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8
1
2
b
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4
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1
4
4
a
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ata
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CO
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2252
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DATA AV
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[
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p
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.