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C
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NT
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Ph
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[
1
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.
Plato
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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(
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2823
Neth
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s
in
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5
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wh
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Ger
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[
4
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Aca
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twen
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s
ity
Pro
f
es
s
o
r
s
in
1
9
1
5
.
T
h
is
ass
o
ciatio
n
h
as
f
o
u
g
h
t
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
s
in
ce
its
in
ce
p
tio
n
[
5
]
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
to
p
lay
a
lead
in
g
r
o
le
in
s
o
ciety
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
r
ely
o
n
th
e
teac
h
in
g
s
taf
f
as
th
e
co
r
n
er
s
to
n
e
an
d
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
elem
en
t
in
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
’
s
s
u
cc
es
s
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
d
ep
e
n
d
p
r
im
ar
ily
o
n
its
h
ig
h
ly
q
u
alif
ied
f
ac
u
lty
,
wh
o
ca
n
b
e
r
elied
u
p
o
n
to
d
is
s
em
in
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
ap
p
ly
it
e
f
f
icien
tly
a
n
d
p
er
f
ec
tly
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
i
ty
is
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
em
p
l
o
y
er
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
i
d
ea
s
,
an
d
th
e
o
n
ly
p
r
ef
er
r
e
d
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
e
f
r
ee
d
o
m
to
ex
p
r
ess
,
ex
c
h
an
g
e,
tr
an
s
f
er
an
d
d
is
cu
s
s
o
p
in
io
n
s
a
n
d
id
ea
s
in
an
at
m
o
s
p
h
er
e
o
f
tr
an
s
p
a
r
en
cy
,
f
r
ee
d
o
m
,
a
n
d
o
p
en
n
ess
.
L
ac
k
in
g
t
h
is
,
it
lo
s
es
th
e
r
ea
lity
o
f
its
cr
ea
tiv
e
r
o
le,
b
ec
o
m
in
g
a
d
ilap
id
ated
wo
r
k
s
h
o
p
th
at
r
ep
r
o
d
u
ce
s
o
ld
,
o
u
t
d
ated
an
d
f
o
s
s
ilized
id
ea
s
[
7
]
.
Ou
t
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
jo
b
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
,
a
n
d
ad
d
in
g
q
u
ality
to
th
e
o
u
tp
u
ts
o
f
t
h
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
g
en
er
al
a
n
d
th
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
i
n
p
ar
ticu
lar
,
an
in
f
lu
e
n
tial
m
o
tiv
atio
n
m
u
s
t
b
e
f
o
r
m
ed
f
o
r
m
an
y
h
u
m
a
n
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
i
n
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
wh
er
e
lac
k
o
f
i
n
ter
est
in
d
e
v
elo
p
i
n
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
m
o
tiv
es
to
war
d
s
wo
r
k
lead
s
to
th
e
e
m
er
g
e
n
ce
o
f
s
o
m
e
n
eg
ativ
e
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
a
m
o
n
g
wo
r
k
er
s
,
p
e
r
h
ap
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
o
f
w
h
ich
is
th
e
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
f
jo
b
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
r
e
ar
e
m
an
y
wo
r
k
-
r
elate
d
t
r
en
d
s
,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
th
at
h
as r
ec
eiv
e
d
g
r
ea
t a
tten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
an
d
b
eh
a
v
io
r
al
s
cien
tis
ts
[
8
]
,
[
9
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
a
m
u
ltid
im
e
n
s
io
n
al
co
n
ce
p
t,
as r
esear
ch
er
s
s
tu
d
ied
th
e
to
p
ic
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
en
t
an
g
les,
an
d
f
o
u
n
d
a
d
if
f
e
r
en
ce
in
v
ie
ws
o
n
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
an
d
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
p
r
ac
ticed
b
y
ac
ad
em
ics
in
u
n
i
v
er
s
ities
,
b
u
t
th
ey
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
g
en
e
r
al
r
ef
e
r
s
to
a
s
et
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
em
o
tio
n
al
f
ee
lin
g
s
th
at
a
n
in
d
i
v
id
u
al
f
ee
ls
to
war
d
s
h
is
wo
r
k
,
wh
ich
e
x
p
r
ess
es
h
o
w
s
atis
f
ied
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
is
with
th
e
jo
b
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
r
e
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ee
ls
th
at
h
is
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
m
et,
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
is
f
ee
lin
g
s
ab
o
u
t
h
is
wo
r
k
b
ec
o
m
e,
t
h
a
t
is
,
m
o
r
e
s
atis
f
ied
with
th
e
ac
ad
em
ic
w
o
r
k
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
,
esp
ec
ially
s
in
ce
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
is
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
r
esu
ltin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
is
tr
ess
[
1
0
]
.
Fro
m
t
h
is
s
ta
n
d
p
o
i
n
t
,
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
s
o
u
g
h
t t
o
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
f
r
ee
d
o
m
p
r
ac
tic
ed
i
n
J
o
r
d
a
n
ia
n
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
iti
es
an
d
its
r
ela
ti
o
n
s
h
i
p
t
o
j
o
b
s
a
tis
f
ac
ti
o
n
,
wh
er
e
Ya
r
m
o
u
k
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ty
was
c
h
o
s
e
n
as
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
it
y
f
o
r
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
a
ti
o
n
s
r
ea
c
h
e
d
w
ill
als
o
b
e
p
r
ese
n
te
d
t
o
t
h
e
r
el
e
v
a
n
t
a
u
t
h
o
r
iti
es,
n
am
ely
th
e
Mi
n
is
tr
y
o
f
Hig
h
e
r
E
d
u
ca
ti
o
n
a
n
d
Sc
ie
n
t
if
i
c
R
ese
ar
c
h
i
n
a
d
d
iti
o
n
t
o
th
e
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ty
p
r
esi
d
en
c
y
t
o
wo
r
k
o
n
g
r
a
n
ti
n
g
ac
a
d
e
m
i
c
f
r
e
ed
o
m
t
o
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
t
y
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
t
o
b
u
il
d
a
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
l
s
y
s
t
e
m
th
at
r
is
es
t
o
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
ed
co
u
n
t
r
ies
o
r
w
o
r
k
to
am
e
n
d
it
if
i
t
n
ee
d
s
t
o
b
e
m
o
d
if
ie
d
,
a
f
te
r
t
h
e
r
es
u
l
ts
s
h
o
w
e
d
t
h
at
th
e
e
x
e
r
c
is
e
o
f
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
at
Ya
r
m
o
u
k
U
n
i
v
e
r
s
it
y
c
am
e
a
t a
h
i
g
h
l
e
v
el
a
n
d
k
ee
p
p
a
ce
w
it
h
s
ci
e
n
ti
f
i
c
p
r
o
g
r
ess
at
t
h
e
p
r
es
en
t ti
m
e
,
an
d
i
t
is
h
o
p
e
d
t
h
at
t
h
is
e
x
p
er
i
e
n
ce
wil
l
b
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
liz
e
d
t
o
a
ll
J
o
r
d
an
ia
n
p
u
b
l
ic
an
d
p
r
i
v
at
e
u
n
iv
e
r
s
iti
es.
E
s
p
ec
i
all
y
in
li
g
h
t
o
f
t
h
e
t
u
r
b
u
le
n
t
c
o
n
d
i
ti
o
n
s
i
n
t
h
e
Mi
d
d
le
E
ast
i
n
g
en
er
al
a
n
d
t
h
e
t
en
s
i
o
n
s
i
n
J
o
r
d
a
n
i
n
p
a
r
ti
c
u
la
r
,
a
n
d
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
n
o
s
tu
d
y
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
t
h
an
tw
o
y
ea
r
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
te
d
i
n
J
o
r
d
a
n
t
h
a
t
ex
am
i
n
es
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
i
n
u
n
i
v
e
r
s
i
ties
a
n
d
th
e
e
x
te
n
t
t
o
w
h
ic
h
u
n
i
v
er
s
i
ty
p
r
o
f
ess
o
r
s
a
r
e
s
atis
f
ie
d
wi
th
t
h
e
ir
tea
ch
in
g
j
o
b
s
.
2.
L
I
T
E
R
AT
U
RE
R
E
VI
E
W
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
r
ev
iews
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
r
elev
an
t
to
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
p
ic
an
d
e
x
p
lain
s
th
e
ex
is
tin
g
liter
atu
r
e
o
n
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
f
ield
to
h
elp
b
u
il
d
co
g
n
itiv
e
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
an
d
r
elev
an
ce
to
s
tu
d
ies
th
at
h
av
e
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
to
p
ic.
W
ith
a
r
ev
iew
o
f
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
s
tu
d
ies
in
a
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
Ar
ab
an
d
f
o
r
ei
g
n
en
v
i
r
o
n
m
en
ts
,
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
liter
atu
r
e
an
d
its
r
esu
lts
an
d
co
n
f
ir
m
atio
n
o
f
th
e
r
esu
lts
r
ea
ch
ed
b
y
r
esear
ch
er
s
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
p
ar
t
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
e
e
x
ten
t
to
wh
ich
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
ex
er
cised
an
d
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
its
im
p
ac
t
o
n
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
an
d
its
k
ee
p
in
g
p
ac
e
with
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
in
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
teac
h
in
g
.
2
.
1
.
Aca
dem
ic
f
re
edo
m
a
nd
j
o
b
s
a
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n
in
J
o
rda
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
pu
rpo
s
es
o
f
pro
g
re
s
s
a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent
in t
ea
ching
T
h
e
liter
atu
r
e
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
to
wh
ich
ac
ad
e
m
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
ex
e
r
cised
in
J
o
r
d
an
ian
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
h
as
g
iv
en
t
h
em
t
h
e
r
ig
h
t
to
teac
h
u
n
iv
e
r
s
ity
s
tu
d
en
ts
wh
at
th
e
y
f
in
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
k
ee
p
p
ac
e
with
s
cien
tific
p
r
o
g
r
ess
,
esp
ec
ially
with
r
eg
ar
d
to
f
r
ee
d
o
m
o
f
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
an
d
p
ar
tici
p
atio
n
in
ac
ad
em
ic
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
s
cien
tif
ic
r
esear
ch
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
ex
er
cised
to
v
ar
y
in
g
d
eg
r
ee
s
in
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
with
in
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
,
wh
er
e
p
o
licies
r
aise
th
e
lev
el
o
f
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
to
k
ee
p
p
ac
e
with
g
lo
b
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
[
1
3
]
.
Aca
d
em
i
c
f
r
ee
d
o
m
is
also
lin
k
ed
to
s
o
cial
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al'
s
s
en
s
e
o
f
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
as
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ity
in
ter
m
s
o
f
co
m
m
u
n
ity
m
an
ag
e
m
en
t,
as
well
as
eth
ics,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
2
5
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8
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I
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t
J
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v
al
&
R
es E
d
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c
,
Vo
l
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14
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
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2
8
2
2
-
2
8
3
1
2824
h
ea
lth
an
d
b
elo
n
g
in
g
[
1
3
]
.
W
h
ile
r
esear
ch
an
d
teac
h
in
g
ac
ti
v
ities
at
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
v
ar
y
in
s
o
m
e
co
u
n
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Pristi
n
a
i
n
Ko
s
o
v
o
,
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
p
r
o
v
en
to
b
e
a
lo
w
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
an
d
cu
ltu
r
al
f
r
ee
d
o
m
o
f
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
as
a
r
esu
lt
o
f
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
'
s
p
o
liti
ca
l
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
,
ex
ch
an
g
e
o
f
v
iews,
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
al
in
d
ep
en
d
en
ce
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
2
.
T
he
re
la
t
io
ns
hi
p bet
wee
n j
o
b sa
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n a
nd
educa
t
io
n qua
lity
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
also
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
s
ev
e
r
al
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
g
en
d
er
,
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
e
x
p
er
ien
c
e
,
an
d
ty
p
e
o
f
co
lleg
e,
we
f
in
d
th
at
m
ales a
r
e
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
ed
in
m
o
s
t A
r
a
b
co
u
n
tr
ies f
r
o
m
wo
m
e
n
d
u
e
t
o
s
o
cial
p
er
s
o
n
ality
,
cu
s
to
m
s
an
d
tr
ad
itio
n
s
i
n
Ar
a
b
co
u
n
tr
ies
[
1
5
]
.
Facu
lty
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
a
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
'
s
ag
e,
m
o
n
th
ly
in
c
o
m
e,
an
d
ca
r
ee
r
a
d
v
an
ce
m
e
n
t
[
1
6
]
.
Ou
t
o
f
awa
r
en
ess
o
f
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
r
aisi
n
g
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
'
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
,
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
e
d
u
ca
tio
n
al
o
u
tco
m
es,
s
ev
e
r
al
m
o
tiv
es
ar
e
f
o
r
m
ed
th
at
af
f
ec
t
th
e
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
as
lack
o
f
in
ter
est
in
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
m
o
tiv
atio
n
s
to
war
d
s
w
o
r
k
lea
d
s
to
n
e
g
ativ
e
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a.
A
lth
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
ar
e
m
a
n
y
w
o
r
k
-
r
elate
d
tr
en
d
s
,
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
th
at
h
as
r
ec
eiv
ed
g
r
ea
t
atten
tio
n
f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
er
s
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
is
ts
[
1
7
]
.
J
o
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
is
a
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
co
n
ce
p
t,
as
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
s
tu
d
ied
it
f
r
o
m
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
an
g
les
d
ep
e
n
d
in
g
o
n
t
h
e
r
esea
r
ch
m
et
h
o
d
u
s
ed
,
b
u
t
th
ey
ag
r
ee
d
th
at
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
g
en
er
a
l
r
ef
er
s
t
o
a
s
et
o
f
p
o
s
itiv
e
em
o
tio
n
al
f
ee
lin
g
s
th
at
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ee
ls
to
war
d
s
h
is
wo
r
k
,
wh
ich
e
x
p
r
ess
es
th
e
ex
ten
t
to
wh
ich
t
h
e
jo
b
ac
h
iev
es
f
o
r
th
e
in
d
iv
i
d
u
al.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
m
o
r
e
an
in
d
iv
id
u
al
f
ee
ls
th
at
h
is
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
m
et,
th
e
m
o
r
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
is
f
ee
lin
g
s
b
ec
o
m
e
to
war
d
s
h
is
wo
r
k
,
th
at
is
,
s
at
is
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
wo
r
k
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
s
,
esp
ec
ially
s
in
ce
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
in
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
y
is
th
e
f
ee
lin
g
ar
is
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
em
o
v
al
o
f
s
tr
ess
an
d
d
is
tr
ess
[
1
8
]
.
I
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
a
ls
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
as
it
is
a
n
in
d
icato
r
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
life
,
as
m
an
y
s
tu
d
ies
a
g
r
ee
th
at
e
m
p
lo
y
ee
s
'
s
en
s
e
o
f
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
h
ap
p
in
ess
with
th
eir
jo
b
s
h
as
p
o
s
itiv
e
ef
f
ec
ts
th
at
ar
e
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
eir
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
ts
at
wo
r
k
[
1
9
]
.
Dis
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
lead
s
to
d
is
r
u
p
tio
n
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
an
d
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
lo
s
s
,
in
ad
d
itio
n
to
th
e
f
ac
t
th
at
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t
lead
s
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
s
tr
ess
,
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
,
an
d
o
r
g
a
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
es.
On
e
s
tu
d
y
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
er
e
is
a
s
tr
o
n
g
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
e
twee
n
d
ea
th
s
f
r
o
m
h
ea
r
t
d
is
ea
s
e
an
d
jo
b
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
wo
r
k
s
tr
ess
an
d
b
o
r
ed
o
m
[
2
0
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
d
is
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
to
f
r
eq
u
en
t
ab
s
e
n
teeism
,
b
ein
g
late
f
o
r
wo
r
k
an
d
leav
in
g
to
o
o
f
ten
,
wh
ich
ex
ac
er
b
ates
o
cc
u
p
atio
n
al
p
r
o
b
lem
s
,
wh
ich
in
tu
r
n
lead
s
to
lo
w
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
i
ty
an
d
wh
at
is
k
n
o
wn
as jo
b
d
ev
iatio
n
[
2
1
]
.
3.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
ec
tio
n
d
escr
ib
es
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
in
clu
d
es
th
e
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
an
d
d
esig
n
,
t
h
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
et
h
o
d
,
th
e
in
s
tr
u
m
en
t,
an
d
th
e
d
ata
co
llectio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
I
t
is
b
eliev
ed
t
h
at
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
r
esear
ch
ca
n
d
eter
m
i
n
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
a
n
d
d
esig
n
,
wh
ich
s
h
o
u
ld
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
t
h
e
r
esear
ch
m
et
h
o
d
s
an
d
d
ata
c
o
llectio
n
to
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
e
o
b
jectiv
es o
f
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
3
.
1
.
Resea
rc
h
m
e
t
ho
do
lo
g
y
a
nd
des
ig
n
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
ad
o
p
ted
t
h
e
d
escr
i
p
tiv
e
an
d
an
aly
tical
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
th
e
in
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
ac
a
d
e
m
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
)
a
n
d
th
e
d
ep
e
n
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
le
(
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
)
.
T
h
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
in
d
e
p
en
d
e
n
t
an
d
d
ep
en
d
en
t
v
ar
iab
les
w
o
r
k
s
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
m
eth
o
d
s
u
s
e
d
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
an
d
av
o
i
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
p
r
ess
u
r
es
th
at
m
ay
lead
to
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
s
cien
tif
ic
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
ity
i
n
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
th
e
ex
er
cise
o
f
ac
ad
e
m
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
an
d
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
ac
h
ie
v
em
en
t o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
wer
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
.
3
.
2
.
Sa
m
pli
ng
t
ec
hn
iqu
e
a
n
d pa
rt
icipa
nts
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
was
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
all
(
1
,
1
1
0
)
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
tatis
t
ics
o
f
th
e
Dep
ar
tm
en
t
o
f
Hu
m
a
n
R
eso
u
r
ce
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
i
v
er
s
ity
f
o
r
th
e
2
0
2
3
ac
ad
em
ic
y
ea
r
.
T
h
e
y
wer
e
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
tu
d
y
p
o
p
u
latio
n
i
n
a
s
im
p
le
r
an
d
o
m
way
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
s
a
m
p
le
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
f
r
o
m
wh
ich
it
was
tak
en
,
wh
ich
n
u
m
b
er
ed
3
1
7
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
ev
elo
p
a
s
tu
d
y
to
o
l
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
av
ailab
ilit
y
o
f
ac
a
d
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
a
m
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
its
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
to
th
eir
jo
b
s
a
tis
f
ac
tio
n
.
R
ef
er
en
ce
is
m
ad
e
to
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
liter
atu
r
e
a
n
d
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
r
elate
d
to
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t stu
d
y
[
2
3
]
,
[
2
4
]
.
T
o
v
er
if
y
th
e
s
tu
d
y
to
o
l,
it
was
p
r
esen
ted
to
a
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ex
p
er
ts
an
d
s
p
ec
ialis
ts
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
ed
u
ca
tio
n
a
n
d
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[
2
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a
n
d
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t,
an
d
th
er
ef
o
r
e
,
n
o
n
e
o
f
th
ese
item
s
wer
e
d
elete
d
[
2
9
]
.
T
ab
le
5
.
C
o
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
ts
b
etwe
en
item
s
an
d
th
e
to
ta
l sco
r
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
n
air
e
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
lev
el
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
I
t
e
m
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
c
o
e
f
f
.
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
o
o
l
I
t
e
m
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
c
o
e
f
f
.
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
o
o
l
I
t
e
m
C
o
r
r
e
c
t
e
d
c
o
e
f
f
.
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
t
o
o
l
1
0
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6
1
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0
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7
6
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7
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5
8
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7
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8
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8
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7
5
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7
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8
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7
6
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5
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6
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7
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7
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4.
RE
SU
L
T
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AND
D
I
SCU
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T
o
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q
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esti
o
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y
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a
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ith
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d
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iatio
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o
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am
o
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f
ac
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lty
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e
m
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Yar
m
o
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k
Un
iv
e
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s
ity
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lcu
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tak
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g
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to
ac
co
u
n
t
th
e
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r
d
er
o
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th
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ield
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d
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g
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er
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o
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d
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g
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eir
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tal
ar
ith
m
etic
m
ea
n
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
f
ield
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t
J
E
v
al
&
R
es E
d
u
c
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
8
2
2
Th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f e
xe
r
cise o
f a
ca
d
emic
fr
ee
d
o
m
a
n
d
its
r
ela
tio
n
s
h
ip
to
jo
b
.
.
.
(
K
h
a
w
la
Ma
h
mo
u
d
A
l A
la
w
n
eh
)
2827
4
.
1
.
Study
ins
t
rum
ent
co
rr
ec
t
io
n c
rit
er
io
n
I
n
o
r
d
er
t
o
m
ak
e
ju
d
g
m
en
ts
o
n
th
e
a
r
ith
m
etic
m
ea
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
two
s
tu
d
y
to
o
ls
,
th
eir
f
iel
d
s
an
d
th
e
p
ar
ag
r
a
p
h
s
th
at
f
o
llo
w
th
em
.
T
h
e
f
iv
e
-
s
ca
le
was
u
s
ed
to
co
r
r
ec
t
th
e
two
to
o
ls
,
b
y
d
i
v
id
in
g
th
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
n
u
m
b
er
s
1
-
5
in
t
o
f
i
v
e
ca
teg
o
r
i
es
to
o
b
tain
t
h
e
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
ea
ch
lev
el,
i.e
.
(
0
.
8
0
=5
/
1
-
5)
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
e
lev
els
will
b
e
as
:
fro
m
1
t
o
less
th
an
1
.
8
is
v
er
y
f
ew
;
f
r
o
m
1
.
8
to
less
th
an
2
.
6
f
ew
;
f
r
o
m
2
.
6
t
o
less
th
an
3
.
4
m
ed
iu
m
;
f
r
o
m
3
.
4
to
less
th
an
4
.
2
lar
g
e
;
an
d
f
r
o
m
4
.
2
an
d
m
o
r
e
is
v
er
y
lar
g
e
[
3
0
]
.
4
.
2
.
Dis
cu
s
s
t
he
re
s
ults
o
f
t
he
f
irst
qu
estio
n,
“
Wha
t
is
t
he
deg
re
e
t
o
which
f
a
cult
y
m
em
bers
a
t
Ya
rm
o
uk
Univ
er
s
it
y
a
re
ex
e
rc
is
ed
f
ro
m
t
heir
po
int
o
f
v
ie
w?
”
I
n
T
ab
le
6
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
wed
th
at
t
h
e
ar
ith
m
etic
av
er
a
g
es
an
d
s
tan
d
a
r
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le's
est
im
ates
o
f
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
p
r
ac
ticed
b
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
at
Ya
r
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
,
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
d
escen
d
i
n
g
o
r
d
e
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
a
r
ith
m
etic
a
v
er
ag
es,
th
at
th
e
e
x
er
cise
o
f
a
ca
d
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
was
at
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
eir
p
o
in
t
o
f
v
iew,
a
n
d
t
h
e
f
ield
s
we
r
e
in
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
o
r
d
er
:
f
r
ee
d
o
m
o
f
r
esear
ch
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
p
lace
,
f
r
ee
d
o
m
o
f
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
in
s
ec
o
n
d
p
lace
,
a
n
d
f
in
ally
f
r
ee
d
o
m
o
f
teac
h
in
g
,
all
o
f
wh
ich
wer
e
to
a
lar
g
e
d
eg
r
ee
.
T
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
f
o
r
th
is
is
th
at
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
'
s
p
o
licy
g
r
an
ts
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
to
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
an
d
is
co
n
s
is
ten
t w
it
h
s
tate
p
o
licy
an
d
g
lo
b
al
p
o
licies,
u
n
lik
e
wh
at
was
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
in
f
o
r
ce
,
w
h
er
e
th
e
teac
h
er
ca
n
ch
o
o
s
e
th
e
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
h
e
d
ee
m
s
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
in
th
e
teac
h
in
g
c
o
u
r
s
es
an
d
p
ar
ticip
ate
i
n
s
cien
tific
m
ee
tin
g
s
an
d
d
ialo
g
u
es
with
m
e
m
b
er
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
est
o
f
th
e
u
n
iv
er
s
ity
m
em
b
er
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
is
lead
s
to
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es th
at
k
ee
p
p
ac
e
with
g
lo
b
al
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
[
3
2
]
,
[
3
3
]
.
T
ab
le
6
.
Ar
ith
m
etic
a
v
er
ag
es
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
esti
m
ates f
o
r
th
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
ex
e
r
cised
b
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
R
a
n
k
D
o
ma
i
n
D
o
ma
i
n
M
e
a
n
S
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
Le
v
e
l
1
2
F
r
e
e
d
o
m
o
f
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
3
.
6
3
0
.
4
8
H
i
g
h
2
1
F
r
e
e
d
o
m
o
f
e
x
p
r
e
ss
i
o
n
3
.
6
2
0
.
4
4
H
i
g
h
3
3
F
r
e
e
d
o
m
t
o
t
e
a
c
h
3
.
6
1
0
.
4
2
H
i
g
h
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
3
.
6
2
0
.
3
7
H
i
g
h
4
.
3
.
Dis
cu
s
s
t
he
re
s
ults
o
f
t
he
s
e
co
nd
qu
estio
n,
“W
ha
t
is
t
h
e
lev
el
o
f
j
o
b
s
a
t
is
f
a
c
t
io
n
a
m
o
ng
f
a
cult
y
m
em
bers a
t
Ya
r
m
o
u
k
Univ
er
s
it
y
f
ro
m
t
heir
po
int
o
f
v
ie
w?
”
I
n
T
ab
le
7
,
th
e
ar
ith
m
etic
m
ea
n
s
an
d
s
tan
d
ar
d
d
ev
iatio
n
s
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
esti
m
ates
wer
e
ca
lcu
lated
to
r
ev
ea
l
th
e
lev
el
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
an
s
wer
to
th
e
q
u
esti
o
n
s
h
o
wed
th
at
th
e
ar
ith
m
et
ic
m
ea
n
o
f
th
e
p
ar
ag
r
a
p
h
s
o
f
th
e
lev
el
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
am
o
n
g
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
Un
iv
er
s
ity
all
ca
m
e
to
a
lar
g
e
d
eg
r
e
e,
an
d
ar
r
an
g
e
d
in
d
escen
d
in
g
o
r
d
e
r
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
ar
it
h
m
etic
m
ea
n
,
an
d
t
h
e
r
ea
s
o
n
wh
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
er
s
b
eliev
e
in
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
,
an
d
th
eir
s
en
s
e
o
f
co
m
f
o
r
t
in
ter
m
s
o
f
wo
r
k
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
ce
n
tiv
es
,
an
d
p
r
o
m
o
tio
n
s
,
esp
ec
ially
in
lig
h
t
o
f
th
e
cir
cu
m
s
tan
ce
s
th
at
o
u
r
s
o
ciety
is
g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
an
d
wh
at
th
e
co
u
n
tr
y
is
g
o
in
g
th
r
o
u
g
h
,
o
f
war
s
,
an
d
d
elay
s
in
p
ay
in
g
wa
g
es
an
d
s
al
ar
ies
.
T
h
is
s
h
o
ws,
in
ag
r
ee
m
e
n
t
with
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
tab
le,
th
at
th
e
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
o
f
f
ac
u
lty
m
e
m
b
er
s
teac
h
in
g
was
h
ig
h
,
g
iv
en
th
a
t
th
ey
wer
e
g
r
an
te
d
ac
ad
em
ic
f
r
ee
d
o
m
in
t
h
e
u
n
d
e
r
g
r
ad
u
ate
ed
u
ca
tio
n
o
f
s
tu
d
en
t
s
[
3
4
]
.
4
.
4
.
D
is
cu
s
s
t
he
re
s
ults
o
f
t
he
t
hird
qu
estio
n,
“I
s
t
here
a
s
t
a
t
is
t
ica
lly
s
ig
nifica
nt
co
rr
ela
t
io
n
(
α
=
0
.
0
5
)
bet
wee
n
t
he
deg
re
e
o
f
a
c
a
dem
ic
f
re
edo
m
pra
ct
ice
a
m
o
ng
f
a
cult
y
m
e
m
bers
a
t
Al
-
Ya
rmo
uk
Univ
er
s
it
y
a
nd
t
heir
lev
el
o
f
j
o
b sa
t
is
f
a
ct
io
n?
”
T
ab
le
8
s
h
o
ws
th
e
v
al
u
es
o
f
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
e
f
f
icien
ts
b
e
twee
n
th
e
d
e
g
r
ee
o
f
ac
a
d
em
i
c
f
r
ee
d
o
m
p
r
ac
ticed
b
y
f
ac
u
lty
m
em
b
e
r
s
at
Yar
m
o
u
k
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
a
n
d
th
eir
lev
el
o
f
jo
b
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
to
g
eth
er
.
I
n
co
n
ju
n
ctio
n
with
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
tab
les,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
s
u
r
v
ey
r
e
v
ea
led
a
s
tatis
tically
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
p
o
s
itiv
e
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
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[
K
MA
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]
,
u
p
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r
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est.
RE
F
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R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
B
.
M
u
l
v
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n
d
B
.
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.
L
e
e
,
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Th
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4
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Z.
S
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,
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[
7
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A
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.