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h
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re
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stru
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g
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siste
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ly
su
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rv
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c
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K
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CC B
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C
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o
l
g
r
o
u
p
s
[
8
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
m
u
ltico
m
p
o
n
en
t
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
h
av
e
p
r
o
v
en
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
in
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
h
an
d
wa
s
h
in
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
clea
n
lin
ess
in
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
[
9
]
.
I
n
T
h
ailan
d
,
ex
is
tin
g
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
im
ar
ily
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
en
h
an
cin
g
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
ar
en
tal
an
d
ca
r
eg
iv
er
ed
u
ca
tio
n
,
with
lim
ited
ex
p
lo
r
atio
n
in
to
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
d
ir
ec
tly
tar
g
etin
g
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
b
e
h
av
io
r
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
is
g
ap
b
y
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
d
ev
ice
f
o
r
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
aim
s
to
m
ak
e
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
en
jo
y
ab
le,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
an
d
f
o
s
ter
in
g
life
lo
n
g
h
y
g
ien
e
h
ab
its
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
o
f
th
is
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
in
f
o
r
m
ed
b
y
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
lear
n
in
g
th
eo
r
ies.
Giv
en
th
at
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
p
o
s
s
ess
r
ap
id
lear
n
in
g
ca
p
ab
ilit
ies
[
1
0
]
,
th
e
d
ev
ice
is
in
ten
d
ed
to
o
f
f
er
a
h
an
d
s
-
o
n
ex
p
er
ien
ce
th
a
t
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
co
m
m
u
n
icate
s
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
ac
tices.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
d
esig
n
ed
to
in
teg
r
ate
s
ea
m
less
ly
in
to
lo
ca
l
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
m
ak
in
g
h
an
d
wash
in
g
a
r
eg
u
lar
p
ar
t
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ac
tiv
ities
.
B
y
en
co
u
r
ag
in
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t
h
an
d
wash
in
g
,
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
d
d
r
ess
es
C
OVI
D
-
19
r
is
k
s
b
u
t a
ls
o
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
estab
lis
h
m
en
t o
f
en
d
u
r
in
g
h
y
g
ien
e
h
ab
its
[
1
1
]
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
ef
f
o
r
ts
ar
e
b
ein
g
m
ad
e
to
tr
ain
ch
ild
ca
r
e
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
h
ea
lth
v
o
lu
n
teer
s
in
th
e
Kh
lo
n
g
6
co
m
m
u
n
ity
to
u
s
e
an
d
m
ain
tain
th
is
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
C
ar
etak
er
s
p
lay
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
its
u
s
e
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
cin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
s
u
r
es
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
p
r
ac
tices
in
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
h
y
g
ien
e
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
d
ev
ice
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
s
tr
a
teg
y
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
u
n
iq
u
e
ch
allen
g
es
o
f
en
h
an
cin
g
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
ac
tices
in
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
p
an
d
em
ic.
B
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
p
r
in
cip
les
o
f
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
lear
n
in
g
,
th
is
in
n
o
v
atio
n
aim
s
to
f
o
s
ter
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
b
eh
av
io
r
al
ch
an
g
es
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
co
m
m
u
n
ity
h
ea
lth
r
esil
ien
ce
.
On
g
o
in
g
r
esear
ch
an
d
co
m
m
u
n
ity
en
g
ag
em
en
t
will
b
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
its
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
an
d
b
r
o
ad
en
in
g
its
im
p
ac
t
in
s
im
ilar
co
n
tex
ts
.
2.
MET
H
O
D
T
h
e
r
esear
ch
f
o
llo
ws
th
e
I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
R
esear
ch
an
d
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
[
1
3
]
,
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
in
to
f
o
u
r
m
ain
s
tep
s
:
2
.
1
.
Ste
p 1
:
E
x
plo
ring
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n r
equirem
ent
s
T
h
is
in
itial
p
h
ase
aim
s
to
id
en
tify
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
an
d
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
I
t
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
ch
ild
ca
r
e
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
at
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
in
th
e
Kh
l
o
n
g
6
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict,
T
h
an
y
ab
u
r
i,
Path
u
m
T
h
an
i
Pro
v
in
ce
.
A
p
u
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
m
eth
o
d
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
s
elec
t
th
ir
teen
ex
ec
u
tiv
es
f
r
o
m
lo
ca
l
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
s
er
v
ice
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
an
d
th
e
s
u
b
-
d
is
tr
ict
h
ea
lth
-
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
h
o
s
p
ital
as
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
.
I
n
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iews
wer
e
co
n
d
u
cted
with
th
ese
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
u
n
til d
ata
s
atu
r
atio
n
was a
ch
iev
ed
[
1
4
]
.
2
.
1
.
1
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
In
-
d
ep
th
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
e
:
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
e
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
a
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
u
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
g
ath
er
p
ar
en
tal
o
p
in
io
n
s
o
n
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
ea
lth
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
o
u
tb
r
ea
k
2
0
1
9
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
in
ter
v
iew
q
u
esti
o
n
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
ar
ea
s
:
i
)
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
f
o
r
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
,
ii
)
d
esire
d
f
ea
tu
r
es
an
d
d
esig
n
elem
en
ts
f
o
r
an
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
,
an
d
iii
)
g
u
id
elin
es
f
o
r
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
s
u
ch
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
tailo
r
ed
to
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
r
ee
ex
p
er
ts
in
th
e
f
ield
,
in
clu
d
in
g
two
ch
ild
an
d
ad
o
lescen
t
n
u
r
s
in
g
lectu
r
er
s
an
d
o
n
e
p
ed
iatr
ic
p
h
y
s
ician
,
r
ev
iewe
d
th
e
in
ter
v
iew
g
u
id
e
to
en
s
u
r
e
its
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
.
B
ased
o
n
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
r
ev
is
io
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
to
en
h
an
ce
th
e
g
u
id
e'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
b
ef
o
r
e
it wa
s
u
s
ed
f
o
r
in
d
iv
id
u
al
in
ter
v
iews with
ea
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
t.
2
.
1
.
2
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
C
o
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
:
T
h
e
q
u
alita
tiv
e
d
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
-
d
e
p
th
i
n
ter
v
iews
wer
e
an
al
y
ze
d
u
s
in
g
c
o
n
ten
t
an
aly
s
is
tech
n
iq
u
es.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
y
s
tem
atica
lly
ex
am
in
in
g
th
e
d
ata
to
e
x
tr
ac
t
r
ich
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es
r
elate
d
to
th
e
r
e
q
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
r
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
.
B
o
th
in
d
u
ctiv
e
an
d
d
e
d
u
ctiv
e
co
d
i
n
g
wer
e
u
s
ed
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
p
ar
ticip
an
t
s
'
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
es.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
8
4
-
1
2
9
3
1286
2
.
2
.
Ste
p 2
:
Cre
a
t
io
n a
nd
dev
elo
pm
ent
o
f
t
he
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
p
h
ase
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
d
esig
n
in
g
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
an
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
tailo
r
ed
to
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
n
ee
d
s
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
e
g
o
al
is
to
cr
ea
te
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
th
at
en
g
ag
es
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
m
ee
ts
th
eir
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
r
eq
u
ir
em
en
ts
f
o
llo
win
g
d
ata
g
iv
en
f
r
o
m
s
tep
1
.
Step
2
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es in
clu
d
e:
2
.
2
.
1
.
Dev
elo
pm
ent
pro
ce
s
s
T
h
e
d
esig
n
b
eg
an
with
a
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
r
ev
iew
o
f
r
elev
an
t
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
th
eo
r
ies,
an
d
e
x
is
tin
g
r
esear
ch
,
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
b
y
co
n
s
u
ltatio
n
s
with
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ex
p
er
ts
.
T
h
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
wo
r
k
g
u
id
ed
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
an
in
n
o
v
atio
n
th
at
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
n
ee
d
s
id
en
tifie
d
in
Step
1
.
Key
p
r
in
cip
les
f
r
o
m
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
h
ea
lth
ed
u
ca
ti
o
n
wer
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
is
ag
e
-
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
an
d
p
r
ac
tical.
E
x
p
er
t f
ee
d
b
ac
k
f
u
r
th
er
r
ef
in
ed
th
e
d
esig
n
f
o
r
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
u
s
e.
2
.
2
.
2
.
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
dev
elo
pm
ent
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
teg
r
ates
m
ed
ia
an
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
ca
p
tu
r
e
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
in
ter
est
an
d
m
ak
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
en
jo
y
ab
le.
T
wo
3
-
m
in
u
te
clip
s
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
s
in
g
in
g
an
d
d
an
cin
g
ca
r
to
o
n
b
ea
r
s
wer
e
cr
ea
ted
.
C
ar
to
o
n
b
ea
r
s
wer
e
d
esig
n
ed
to
f
o
s
ter
a
f
r
ien
d
ly
an
d
n
o
n
-
th
r
ea
ten
in
g
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
p
o
s
itiv
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
.
E
x
p
er
t
Gu
id
an
ce
f
r
o
m
R
ajam
an
g
ala
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
T
h
an
y
ab
u
r
i
was
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
r
ef
in
in
g
cr
itical
f
ea
tu
r
es o
f
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
to
m
ee
t e
s
s
en
tial c
h
ild
ca
r
e
n
ee
d
s
.
2
.
2
.
3
.
Desig
n f
ea
t
ures
T
h
e
m
o
n
it
o
r
s
ize
was
ch
o
s
en
to
b
e
v
is
u
ally
en
g
ag
in
g
an
d
ag
e
-
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
e
d
esig
n
ac
co
m
m
o
d
ates
v
ar
y
in
g
h
eig
h
ts
with
in
th
e
tar
g
et
ag
e
g
r
o
u
p
to
en
s
u
r
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
f
o
r
all
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
tatio
n
in
clu
d
es
s
en
s
o
r
s
an
d
h
as
p
ass
e
d
s
af
ety
in
s
p
ec
tio
n
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
at
it
is
s
af
e
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
en
.
2
.
2
.
4
.
T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
ica
l int
eg
ra
t
io
n
W
h
en
ch
ild
r
en
en
ter
th
e
b
ath
r
o
o
m
,
a
s
en
s
o
r
at
th
e
en
tr
an
ce
ac
tiv
ates
a
v
id
eo
em
p
h
asizin
g
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
an
d
wash
in
g
.
An
o
th
er
s
en
s
o
r
tr
ig
g
er
s
th
e
wate
r
an
d
s
o
ap
d
is
p
en
s
er
s
as
a
ch
ild
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es.
A
ch
ild
-
s
af
e
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
en
s
o
r
ac
tiv
ates
th
e
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
al
v
id
eo
o
n
p
r
o
p
er
h
an
d
wash
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
o
u
t p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
tact
[
1
7
]
.
2
.
3
.
Ste
p 3
:
P
ro
t
o
t
y
pe
t
esting
T
h
e
f
in
al
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
in
clu
d
es two
en
g
ag
in
g
v
id
eo
clip
s
,
ea
ch
u
n
d
er
3
m
in
u
tes,
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
ca
r
to
o
n
b
ea
r
s
th
at
s
in
g
an
d
d
an
ce
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
an
d
wash
in
g
.
T
h
e
Au
to
m
atic
Han
d
wash
in
g
s
y
s
tem
in
clu
d
es
s
en
s
o
r
s
th
at
au
to
m
atica
lly
ac
tiv
ate
v
id
eo
co
n
ten
t,
wate
r
,
an
d
s
o
ap
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
a
s
ea
m
less
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
.
Desig
n
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
en
h
an
ce
ch
ild
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
an
d
co
m
f
o
r
t.
2
.
3
.
1
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
th
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
a
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ass
ess
in
g
ac
h
iev
em
en
t
m
o
tiv
atio
n
in
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
ar
t
m
ed
ia
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
[
1
8
]
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
,
d
esig
n
ed
to
ev
alu
ate
m
u
ltime
d
ia
in
teg
r
atio
n
,
co
n
s
is
ted
o
f
1
9
item
s
.
Ag
ain
,
th
r
ee
ex
p
er
ts
r
ev
iewe
d
th
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
co
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
C
VI
)
o
f
0
.
8
9
.
B
ased
o
n
th
eir
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
,
th
e
f
o
r
m
was
r
ev
is
ed
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
was
a
r
eliab
ilit
y
test
ad
m
in
is
ter
ed
to
a
n
o
n
-
s
am
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
3
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
y
ield
in
g
a
Cr
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t o
f
0
.
8
8
.
2
.
3
.
2
.
Va
lid
a
t
io
n a
nd
re
f
inem
ent
pro
t
o
t
y
pe
-
Ass
ess
m
en
t
T
h
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
was
ev
alu
ated
b
y
ex
p
er
ts
in
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
ea
r
ly
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ca
r
e,
an
d
p
ed
iatr
ic
n
u
r
s
in
g
lectu
r
es.
T
h
e
m
ea
n
ev
alu
atio
n
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
d
h
ig
h
s
ati
s
f
ac
tio
n
(
M
=
3
.
7
1
,
SD
=
0
.
3
4
2
)
.
E
x
p
er
t
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
led
to
f
u
r
th
er
r
ef
in
em
en
ts
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
-
T
r
ial
T
h
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
was
test
ed
with
ten
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
(
f
iv
e
f
em
ales
an
d
f
iv
e
m
ales,
ag
ed
3
-
5
)
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
r
ep
o
r
ted
h
ig
h
s
atis
f
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
(
M
=
1
.
8
0
,
SD
=
0
.
2
6
3
)
,
n
o
tin
g
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
u
s
ab
ilit
y
.
C
h
ild
r
en
en
g
ag
ed
en
th
u
s
iast
ically
with
th
e
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
an
d
f
o
llo
wed
th
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
tep
s
with
m
in
im
al
g
u
id
an
ce
.
T
ea
ch
er
s
n
o
ted
its
class
r
o
o
m
s
u
itab
ilit
y
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
y
g
ien
e
in
a
f
u
n
,
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
way
.
-
R
ef
in
em
en
t b
ased
o
n
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
T
h
e
v
i
d
e
o
w
a
s
m
o
d
i
f
i
e
d
t
o
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
a
s
e
g
m
e
n
t
w
h
e
r
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
p
r
e
s
s
a
b
u
t
t
o
n
t
o
d
i
s
p
e
n
s
e
s
o
a
p
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
t
r
a
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
p
e
r
h
a
n
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
e
c
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
'
s
a
n
g
l
e
w
a
s
a
d
j
u
s
t
e
d
t
o
r
e
d
u
c
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s
n
e
c
k
s
t
r
a
i
n
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
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in
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in
n
o
v
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tio
n
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Th
a
i
p
r
esch
o
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l
…
(
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tch
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u
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p
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p
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h
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o
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t
h
e
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
'
s
o
v
e
r
a
l
l
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
a
n
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
i
t
m
e
e
t
s
t
h
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
a
l
n
e
e
d
s
o
f
b
o
t
h
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
e
d
u
c
a
t
o
r
s
.
2
.
4
.
Ste
p 4
:
E
x
a
m
ini
ng
beha
v
io
r
a
s
s
o
cia
t
ed
wit
h us
ing
t
he
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n
T
h
is
s
tep
aim
s
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
o
n
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
b
eh
av
i
o
r
o
v
er
ei
g
h
t w
ee
k
s
.
2
.
4
.
1
.
P
ro
ce
du
re
˗
W
ee
k
1
:
T
h
e
r
esear
c
h
team
tr
a
in
ed
teac
h
e
r
s
o
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
au
t
o
m
atic
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
a
n
d
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
p
r
esch
o
o
l c
h
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
b
eh
a
v
io
r
to
estab
lis
h
a
b
aselin
e.
˗
W
ee
k
2
-
7
:
T
ea
ch
e
r
s
s
u
p
er
v
i
s
ed
an
d
f
ac
ilit
ated
th
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
at
th
e
c
h
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ce
n
ter
.
T
h
is
p
e
r
io
d
allo
wed
r
eg
u
lar
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
f
th
e
ch
ild
r
e
n
'
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
an
d
th
eir
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
h
a
b
its
.
˗
W
ee
k
8
:
T
ea
ch
er
s
co
m
p
leted
th
e
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
ass
ess
m
en
t
f
o
r
m
to
ev
alu
ate
th
e
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
b
e
h
av
io
r
wh
ile
u
s
in
g
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
2
.
4
.
2
.
Sa
m
ple
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
s
am
p
le
in
cl
u
d
ed
7
7
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
e
n
f
r
o
m
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
in
th
e
Kh
lo
n
g
6
s
u
b
d
is
tr
ict,
T
h
an
y
ab
u
r
i
Dis
tr
ict,
Path
u
m
T
h
an
i
Pro
v
i
n
ce
,
i
n
clu
d
in
g
th
e
c
h
ild
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
at
W
at
Ph
alah
an
Sch
o
o
l
a
n
d
W
at
W
an
B
u
n
Sch
o
o
l.
T
h
e
p
a
r
ticip
an
ts
wer
e
ag
ed
3
-
5
y
ea
r
s
.
Pu
r
p
o
s
iv
e
s
am
p
lin
g
was
em
p
lo
y
ed
,
g
u
i
d
ed
b
y
s
p
ec
if
ic
in
clu
s
io
n
an
d
e
x
clu
s
io
n
cr
iter
i
a
to
en
s
u
r
e
a
r
ep
r
esen
tativ
e
s
a
m
p
le.
-
Sam
p
le
s
ize
ca
lcu
latio
n
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
s
ize
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
G*
Po
wer
p
r
o
g
r
a
m
with
a
t
-
test
,
an
ef
f
ec
t
s
ize
s
et
at
0
.
4
0
,
an
d
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
lev
el
(
α
)
o
f
0
.
0
5
[
1
9
]
.
T
h
e
d
esire
d
p
o
wer
(
1
-
β)
was
0
.
9
5
,
with
d
eg
r
ee
s
o
f
f
r
ee
d
o
m
(
d
f
)
=
6
9
.
T
h
e
ca
lc
u
latio
n
s
in
d
icate
d
a
r
eq
u
ir
ed
s
am
p
le
s
ize
o
f
7
0
c
h
ild
r
en
.
T
o
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
p
o
ten
tial
d
ata
lo
s
s
,
7
7
p
r
esch
o
o
l c
h
ild
r
en
wer
e
i
n
clu
d
ed
in
t
h
e
s
tu
d
y
.
2
.
4
.
3
.
I
ns
t
rum
ent
C
h
ild
r
en
'
s
Han
d
wash
in
g
B
eh
av
io
r
Ass
ess
m
en
t
Fo
r
m
was
ad
ap
ted
f
r
o
m
a
7
-
s
tep
h
an
d
wash
in
g
ev
alu
atio
n
to
in
clu
d
e
1
4
item
s
s
p
ec
if
ica
lly
d
esig
n
ed
to
ass
es
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
ac
tiv
itie
s
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
h
r
ee
e
x
p
er
ts
r
ev
ie
wed
th
e
f
o
r
m
f
o
r
co
n
ten
t
v
ali
d
ity
,
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
c
o
n
ten
t
v
alid
ity
in
d
ex
(
C
VI
)
o
f
0
.
9
2
.
B
ased
o
n
ex
p
e
r
t
f
ee
d
b
a
ck
,
r
ev
is
io
n
s
wer
e
m
ad
e
.
T
h
e
f
o
r
m
was
test
ed
o
n
a
n
o
n
-
s
a
m
p
le
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
3
0
in
d
iv
id
u
als,
r
esu
ltin
g
i
n
a
C
r
o
n
b
ac
h
'
s
alp
h
a
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
0
.
9
0
,
in
d
icatin
g
h
ig
h
in
ter
n
al
co
n
s
is
ten
cy
.
2
.
4
.
4
.
Da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
D
e
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
v
e
s
t
a
t
is
ti
c
s
,
i
n
cl
u
d
i
n
g
m
e
a
n
a
n
d
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
d
e
v
i
a
t
i
o
n
,
w
e
r
e
u
s
e
d
t
o
a
n
a
l
y
z
e
t
h
e
p
r
e
s
c
h
o
o
l
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
'
s
h
a
n
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
u
s
i
n
g
t
h
e
a
u
t
o
m
a
t
ic
h
a
n
d
wa
s
h
i
n
g
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
i
s
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
i
n
s
i
g
h
ts
i
n
t
o
t
h
e
i
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n
'
s
e
f
f
e
ct
i
v
e
n
e
s
s
i
n
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
w
a
s
h
i
n
g
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
a
m
o
n
g
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
h
i
g
h
l
i
g
h
t
t
h
e
p
o
t
e
n
t
ia
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
t
o
i
n
f
l
u
e
n
c
e
h
y
g
i
e
n
e
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
es
i
n
e
a
r
l
y
c
h
i
l
d
h
o
o
d
s
e
tt
in
g
s
p
o
s
i
ti
v
e
l
y
.
3.
R
E
SU
L
T
S A
N
D
D
ISC
U
S
SIO
N
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
two
s
ec
tio
n
s
f
o
llo
win
g
th
e
s
t
u
d
y
'
s
m
eth
o
d
.
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ec
tio
n
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
iew
o
f
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
wo
r
k
er
s
o
n
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
is
s
u
es
a
n
d
o
th
er
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
wash
in
g
a
b
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
s
ec
tio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
o
u
tco
m
e
o
n
h
an
d
wash
in
g
m
ac
h
in
es a
n
d
p
r
esch
o
o
l c
h
ild
r
en
'
s
h
ab
its
af
ter
u
s
in
g
in
n
o
v
ati
o
n
.
3
.
1
.
Resul
t
s
3
.
1
.
1
.
T
he
co
nte
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
o
f
t
he
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n nee
ds
identi
f
ied t
hree
prim
a
ry
t
hem
es f
o
llo
wing
-
T
h
em
e
1
: Ch
allen
g
es
f
o
r
ch
i
ld
ca
r
etak
er
s
in
teac
h
i
n
g
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
C
h
ild
ca
r
etak
er
s
n
ee
d
h
elp
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
.
Key
m
o
m
en
ts
s
u
ch
a
s
b
ef
o
r
e
m
ea
ls
,
af
ter
u
s
in
g
th
e
b
ath
r
o
o
m
,
an
d
af
ter
to
u
ch
in
g
p
u
b
lic
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ar
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
c
h
allen
g
in
g
.
C
ar
etak
er
s
n
o
ted
th
at
ch
ild
r
en
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
en
g
ag
e
in
h
a
n
d
-
to
-
m
o
u
t
h
b
e
h
av
io
r
s
with
o
u
t
p
r
io
r
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
,
lead
in
g
to
p
o
ten
tial
h
y
g
ien
e
is
s
u
es.
E
v
en
wh
en
ch
ild
r
en
wash
th
eir
h
an
d
s
,
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
p
r
o
p
er
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
s
u
g
g
ests
a
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
m
eth
o
d
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
ch
ild
r
e
n
f
o
llo
w
r
ec
o
m
m
e
n
d
ed
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ly
.
-
T
h
em
e
2
: Ben
ef
its
o
f
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
ea
lth
I
n
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
w
ash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
is
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
in
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
ea
r
l
y
ch
ild
h
o
o
d
ca
r
e.
Su
c
h
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
aid
ch
ild
c
ar
e
wo
r
k
er
s
an
d
teac
h
er
s
in
m
ain
tain
in
g
h
y
g
ie
n
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
ce
n
ter
s
,
p
r
o
m
o
tin
g
b
ett
er
h
ea
lth
o
u
tco
m
es
f
o
r
c
h
ild
r
en
.
T
h
ese
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
8
4
-
1
2
9
3
1288
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
o
v
er
all
ch
ild
r
e
n
'
s
we
ll
-
b
ein
g
b
y
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
m
o
r
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
r
is
k
o
f
illn
ess
an
d
in
f
ec
tio
n
.
-
T
h
em
e
3
: E
n
h
a
n
cin
g
e
n
g
ag
e
m
en
t th
r
o
u
g
h
j
o
y
f
u
l d
esig
n
T
o
ef
f
e
ctiv
ely
e
n
g
ag
e
ch
ild
r
en
,
au
t
o
m
atic
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
s
h
o
u
l
d
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
at
e
elem
en
ts
th
at
m
ak
e
t
h
e
lear
n
i
n
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
en
jo
y
ab
le.
Featu
r
es
s
u
ch
as
s
in
g
in
g
an
d
r
h
y
th
m
ic
d
an
cin
g
ca
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
t
o
a
f
u
n
ac
tiv
ity
.
Ag
e
-
Ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
C
o
n
ten
t:
T
h
e
t
im
in
g
an
d
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
s
e
f
ea
tu
r
es
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
tailo
r
ed
to
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
tal
s
tag
es.
R
elativ
e
r
o
l
e
m
o
d
els
lik
e
p
ee
r
s
o
r
f
r
ien
d
l
y
an
im
ated
an
im
als
ca
n
cr
ea
te
a
n
o
n
-
in
tim
id
atin
g
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
lea
r
n
in
g
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
en
c
o
u
r
ag
es
ch
ild
r
e
n
to
pr
ac
tice
p
r
o
p
er
h
a
n
d
wash
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
a
m
an
n
er
th
at
r
eso
n
ates
with
th
em
an
d
k
ee
p
s
th
em
in
ter
ested
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
th
at
a
d
d
r
ess
es
p
r
ac
tical
h
an
d
wash
in
g
ch
allen
g
es
an
d
en
g
ag
es c
h
ild
r
e
n
ed
u
ca
tio
n
all
y
an
d
e
n
jo
y
a
b
ly
.
3
.
1
.
2
.
P
re
s
cho
o
l c
hil
dren's
b
eha
v
io
r
us
ing
a
n a
uto
m
a
t
ic
ha
nd
wa
s
h
ing
inn
o
v
a
t
io
n
Su
p
er
v
is
in
g
teac
h
er
s
ev
alu
ate
d
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
c
h
ild
r
en
in
two
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
f
in
d
in
g
s
r
ev
ea
led
th
at
th
e
s
am
p
led
ch
ild
r
e
n
ex
h
ib
ited
h
ig
h
-
lev
el
b
eh
av
io
r
in
u
tili
zin
g
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
all
ass
e
s
s
e
d
item
s
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
s
ca
le
p
r
o
v
i
d
ed
,
a
m
ea
n
less
th
an
0
.
6
7
=
l
o
w,
m
ea
n
s
b
etwe
en
0
.
6
7
-
1
.
3
3
=
m
o
d
er
at
e,
an
d
an
av
er
ag
e
h
ig
h
er
t
h
a
n
1
.
3
3
=
h
ig
h
;
th
is
s
tu
d
y
r
ev
ea
le
d
th
at
th
e
ac
tiv
ity
with
th
e
h
i
g
h
est
av
er
a
g
e
in
v
o
lv
e
d
walk
in
g
an
d
s
tan
d
in
g
in
f
r
o
n
t
o
f
an
au
to
m
atic
f
au
ce
t,
p
lacin
g
h
an
d
s
u
n
d
er
it
to
wet
th
em
,
was
h
in
g
h
an
d
s
with
s
o
ap
,
cr
ea
tin
g
f
o
am
ac
r
o
s
s
th
e
h
an
d
s
,
an
d
en
j
o
y
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
ce
s
s
b
y
th
e
v
id
eo
o
n
th
e
telev
is
io
n
s
cr
ee
n
(
M
=
2
.
0
0
,
SD
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
.
T
h
e
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g
h
an
d
s
s
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e
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v
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h
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r
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d
r
u
b
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in
g
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h
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alm
s
alter
n
ately
o
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o
th
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es (
M
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1
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7
0
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SD =
0
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5
1
5
)
,
as in
d
icate
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in
T
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le
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T
ab
le
1
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Pre
s
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atic
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n
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t
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Le
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P
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g
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La
t
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h
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R
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b
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9
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R
u
b
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a
l
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8
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H
i
g
h
6
R
u
b
p
a
l
ms
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4
1
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i
g
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R
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b
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g
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R
u
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m
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t
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e
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5
0
4
H
i
g
h
9
R
u
b
t
h
e
p
a
l
ms
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l
t
e
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n
a
t
e
l
y
o
n
b
o
t
h
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d
e
s wi
t
h
y
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p
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9
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g
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R
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5
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H
i
g
h
11
W
a
sh
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g
h
12
R
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n
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g
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W
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p
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n
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w
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t
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o
w
n
1
.
9
6
0
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2
5
3
H
i
g
h
14
W
a
sh
y
o
u
r
h
a
n
d
s w
i
t
h
f
u
n
,
a
c
c
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r
d
i
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g
t
o
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h
e
v
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d
e
o
o
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h
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l
e
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s
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o
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0
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H
i
g
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To
t
a
l
1
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8
7
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2
1
2
H
i
g
h
3
.
2
.
Dis
cus
s
io
n
T
h
e
ev
alu
atio
n
o
f
an
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
y
ield
ed
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
r
esu
lts
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
illu
m
in
ate
d
is
tin
ct
p
atter
n
s
in
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
with
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
d
u
r
in
g
h
an
d
wash
in
g
.
Par
ticu
lar
ly
n
o
tewo
r
th
y
is
th
e
s
tep
r
ec
eiv
in
g
th
e
h
ig
h
est
av
er
ag
e
in
v
o
lv
em
en
t,
w
h
ich
en
co
m
p
ass
es
m
u
ltip
le
ac
tio
n
s
: a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
g
th
e
au
to
m
atic
f
au
ce
t,
wettin
g
h
an
d
s
,
ap
p
ly
in
g
s
o
ap
,
g
en
er
atin
g
f
o
am
,
an
d
en
g
ag
in
g
with
a
v
id
eo
o
n
a
telev
is
io
n
s
cr
ee
n
(
M
=
2
.
0
0
,
SD
=
0
.
0
0
0
)
.
T
h
is
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
s
u
g
g
ests
v
is
u
al
s
tim
u
li
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
en
h
an
ce
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
r
o
u
tin
es.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
th
e
s
tep
with
th
e
lo
west
m
ea
n
s
co
r
e
s
till
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
h
ig
h
lev
el
o
f
en
g
ag
em
en
t
(
M
=
1
.
7
0
,
SD
=
0
.
5
1
5
)
,
in
d
icatin
g
co
n
s
is
ten
t a
d
h
er
en
ce
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
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n
d
er
s
co
r
e
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
in
teg
r
atin
g
tech
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o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices
am
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
in
ch
ild
ca
r
e
s
ettin
g
s
.
Au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
s
im
p
lify
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
en
r
ich
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
in
ter
ac
tio
n
an
d
lear
n
in
g
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltime
d
ia
in
teg
r
atio
n
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
alig
n
with
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
em
p
h
asizin
g
tech
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o
lo
g
y
'
s
r
o
le
in
en
h
an
cin
g
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
b
eh
av
io
r
s
[
2
0
]
,
[
2
1
]
.
Mo
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ate
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r
li
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s
tu
d
ies
h
ig
h
lig
h
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g
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
in
ter
ac
tiv
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en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
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s
an
d
s
o
n
g
s
,
in
f
o
s
ter
in
g
p
r
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o
o
l
ch
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en
'
s
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
th
eir
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
o
f
liter
ac
y
an
d
s
k
ills
o
f
h
an
d
wash
in
g
[
2
2
]
-
[
2
4
]
.
A
d
esig
n
ed
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
f
o
r
h
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d
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can
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p
r
o
v
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d
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g
b
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av
io
r
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
in
y
o
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n
g
ch
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r
en
.
I
n
co
r
p
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atin
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in
ter
ac
tiv
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elem
en
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s
u
ch
as
s
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s
ca
n
f
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r
th
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s
u
s
tain
ch
ild
r
en
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s
en
g
ag
em
en
t
an
d
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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Hea
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Sci
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2252
-
8
8
0
6
Dev
elo
p
in
g
a
n
a
u
to
ma
tic
h
a
n
d
w
a
s
h
in
g
in
n
o
v
a
tio
n
f
o
r
Th
a
i
p
r
esch
o
o
l
…
(
P
h
a
tch
a
r
a
p
h
a
n
C
h
a
iya
s
u
n
g
)
1289
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices [
2
5
]
.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
h
an
d
wash
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
an
d
o
th
er
au
to
m
ated
s
y
s
tem
s
,
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ex
h
ib
ited
d
is
tin
ct
ad
v
an
tag
es
an
d
lim
itatio
n
s
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
m
u
ltime
d
ia
elem
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
v
id
eo
clip
s
f
ea
tu
r
in
g
an
im
ated
ch
ar
ac
ter
s
,
is
a
n
o
tab
le
s
tr
en
g
th
.
Pre
v
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u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
s
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o
wn
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at
m
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ltime
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ia
in
ter
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en
tio
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ca
n
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ec
tiv
ely
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p
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r
e
ch
ild
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'
s
atten
tio
n
an
d
en
h
an
ce
lear
n
in
g
o
u
tco
m
es
[
2
6
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
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ad
itio
n
al
h
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d
wash
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
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ely
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n
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ir
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t su
p
er
v
is
io
n
an
d
m
an
u
al
g
u
id
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ce
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s
till
o
f
f
er
ad
v
an
tag
es
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ter
m
s
o
f
s
im
p
licity
an
d
im
m
ed
iacy
o
f
f
ee
d
b
ac
k
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
,
th
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
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d
in
ter
ac
tiv
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ap
p
r
o
ac
h
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u
t
m
ay
r
eq
u
ir
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
s
u
p
p
o
r
t to
en
s
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r
e
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n
s
is
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t a
d
h
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en
ce
to
all
h
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d
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in
g
s
tep
s
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Nev
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th
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ess
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th
is
s
tu
d
y
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tifie
s
v
ar
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ad
o
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s
p
ec
if
ic
h
an
d
wash
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g
tech
n
iq
u
es
th
at
th
e
au
to
m
atic
s
y
s
tem
f
ac
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ates.
T
h
e
s
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in
v
o
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in
g
u
s
in
g
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e
b
ac
k
s
o
f
th
e
f
in
g
er
s
an
d
r
u
b
b
in
g
th
e
p
alm
s
alter
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ately
o
n
b
o
th
s
id
es
r
ec
eiv
ed
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e
lo
west
m
ea
n
v
alu
e
(
M
=
1
.
7
0
,
SD
=
0
.
5
1
5
)
.
T
h
is
r
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lt
s
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g
g
ests
th
at
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ile
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ild
r
en
r
ea
d
ily
en
g
ag
e
with
v
is
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le
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
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d
wash
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g
,
th
ey
m
ay
n
ee
d
to
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
p
r
ac
tice
m
o
r
e
em
p
h
asized
tech
n
iq
u
es
f
ac
ilit
ated
b
y
th
e
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
.
R
elate
d
t
o
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
,
it
was
f
o
u
n
d
th
at
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
g
r
o
u
p
s
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
n
ee
d
ed
to
co
m
p
lete
ess
en
tial
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
tep
s
co
r
r
ec
tly
:
s
o
m
e
d
id
n
o
t
wet
th
eir
h
an
d
s
b
ef
o
r
e
d
is
p
en
s
in
g
s
o
ap
,
lath
er
th
eir
f
in
g
er
n
ails
,
o
r
d
r
y
th
eir
h
an
d
s
[
2
7
]
.
Pre
s
ch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e
s
till
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
th
eir
f
in
e
m
o
to
r
s
k
ills
,
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
task
s
r
eq
u
ir
in
g
p
r
ec
is
e
m
o
v
em
en
ts
an
d
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
[
2
8
]
.
Activ
ities
s
u
ch
as
u
s
in
g
th
e
b
ac
k
s
o
f
th
e
f
in
g
er
s
o
r
r
u
b
b
in
g
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
wr
is
t
d
em
an
d
d
ex
ter
ity
an
d
h
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l,
wh
ich
m
ay
n
o
t
f
u
lly
d
ev
elo
p
in
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
d
esp
ite
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
b
asic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
ch
ild
r
en
m
ay
n
ee
d
h
elp
co
n
s
is
ten
tly
ex
ec
u
tin
g
th
ese
s
tep
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
Han
d
wash
in
g
b
eh
av
io
r
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
ca
n
b
e
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
co
g
n
itiv
e
f
ac
to
r
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
atten
tio
n
s
p
an
an
d
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
f
o
llo
w
m
u
lti
-
s
tep
in
s
tr
u
ctio
n
s
.
Pre
s
ch
o
o
ler
s
m
ay
b
ec
o
m
e
d
is
tr
ac
ted
o
r
lo
s
e
f
o
cu
s
,
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
eir
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
co
m
p
letio
n
o
f
ea
ch
s
tep
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
to
p
r
o
m
o
te
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
k
ills
,
s
h
o
u
ld
co
o
p
er
ate
wi
th
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
ch
ild
ca
r
e
tak
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
h
asizes
th
at
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
in
v
o
lv
es
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
an
d
in
co
r
p
o
r
ates
p
ar
en
ts
an
d
ca
r
etak
er
s
in
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
ce
n
ter
s
to
s
u
p
er
v
is
e
an
d
en
g
ag
e
ch
ild
r
en
u
s
in
g
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
C
o
n
s
is
ten
t
with
ex
is
tin
g
lite
r
atu
r
e,
ed
u
ca
to
r
s
an
d
ca
r
eg
iv
er
s
ca
n
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
b
y
o
f
f
er
in
g
s
tr
u
ctu
r
ed
g
u
id
an
ce
,
m
o
d
elin
g
co
r
r
ec
t
tech
n
iq
u
es,
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
p
r
ac
tice
in
a
s
u
p
p
o
r
tiv
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t [
2
5
]
,
[
2
9
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
wh
ile
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
en
h
an
ce
en
g
ag
em
en
t,
th
ey
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
co
m
p
lem
en
ted
with
tar
g
eted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
s
k
ill
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
in
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
ac
tices
[
3
0
]
.
I
n
teg
r
atin
g
en
g
ag
in
g
v
id
eo
clip
s
an
d
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
elem
en
ts
in
th
e
in
n
o
v
atio
n
alig
n
s
with
Piag
et'
s
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
h
o
w
ch
ild
r
en
in
th
is
s
tag
e
lear
n
b
est
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
cr
ete
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
an
d
v
is
u
al
aid
s
[
3
1
]
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
en
g
ag
em
en
t
with
v
id
eo
co
n
ten
t
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
m
u
ltime
d
ia
elem
en
ts
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
ca
ter
to
th
e
co
g
n
itiv
e
s
tr
en
g
th
s
o
f
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
,
f
ac
ilit
ati
n
g
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
an
d
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
h
an
d
wash
in
g
p
r
ac
tices.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
esear
ch
o
n
au
to
m
ated
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
h
o
u
ld
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
lo
n
g
-
ter
m
b
eh
av
io
r
al
im
p
ac
t
o
n
ch
ild
r
en
'
s
h
an
d
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
ac
tices.
I
n
v
esti
g
atin
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
ty
p
es
o
f
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
p
r
o
m
p
ts
an
d
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
s
co
u
ld
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
d
esig
n
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
s
u
ch
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
in
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
ettin
g
s
.
I
n
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
o
f
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
to
en
h
an
ce
h
y
g
ien
e
p
r
ac
t
ices a
m
o
n
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l c
h
ild
r
en
.
C
h
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t c
en
ter
s
ca
n
p
r
o
m
o
te
life
lo
n
g
h
y
g
ien
e
an
d
h
ea
lth
h
ab
its
b
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
in
ter
ac
tiv
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
an
d
tar
g
eted
ed
u
ca
tio
n
al
s
tr
ateg
ies.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
C
r
ea
tin
g
an
au
to
m
atic
h
an
d
wash
in
g
in
n
o
v
atio
n
f
o
r
p
r
esch
o
o
ler
s
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
h
an
d
wash
in
g
s
k
ills
,
wh
ich
ca
n
h
elp
co
m
b
at
C
OVI
D
-
1
9
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
an
d
o
th
er
in
f
ec
tio
u
s
d
is
ea
s
es.
I
t
is
ess
en
tial
to
ca
r
ef
u
lly
co
n
s
id
er
co
m
m
u
n
ity
n
ee
d
s
,
ch
ild
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t,
an
d
s
af
ety
d
u
r
in
g
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
ea
ch
in
g
p
r
esch
o
o
l
ch
ild
r
en
p
r
o
p
er
h
an
d
wash
in
g
estab
lis
h
es
h
ea
lth
y
h
ab
its
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ac
tiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
cr
u
cial,
g
iv
en
h
o
w
v
u
ln
er
ab
le
p
r
esch
o
o
l
-
ag
ed
ch
ild
r
en
ar
e.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
A
u
th
o
r
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
th
e
Pro
g
r
am
Ma
n
ag
em
e
n
t
Un
it
o
n
Ar
ea
-
B
ased
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
PMUA)
,
T
h
ailan
d
,
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
f
u
n
d
in
g
f
o
r
th
e
"I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
f
o
r
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t"
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
n
u
m
b
er
A1
3
F6
5
0
0
5
9
-
3
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
Kh
lo
n
g
6
s
u
b
d
is
tr
ict
co
m
m
u
n
ity
,
C
h
ild
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
C
en
ter
,
an
d
th
e
F
ac
u
lty
o
f
Nu
r
s
in
g
at
R
ajam
an
g
ala
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
T
h
an
y
ab
u
r
i,
f
o
r
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
is
p
r
o
ject.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
8
0
6
I
n
t J Pu
b
lic
Hea
lth
Sci
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
1
2
8
4
-
1
2
9
3
1290
AUTHO
R
CO
NT
RI
B
UT
I
O
NS ST
A
T
E
M
E
N
T
In
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
o
f
ea
ch
team
m
em
b
er
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
s
u
cc
ess
.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
was
n
o
ex
ce
p
tio
n
,
wh
er
e
th
e
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
f
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
en
s
u
r
ed
th
e
p
r
o
ject’
s
r
ig
o
r
,
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
in
teg
r
ity
.
E
ac
h
team
m
e
m
b
er
p
lay
ed
a
v
ital
r
o
le,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
to
v
ar
io
u
s
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
,
f
r
o
m
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
esig
n
to
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
Ph
atch
ar
ap
h
an
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
,
as
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
v
esti
g
ato
r
,
led
th
e
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
an
d
d
esig
n
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
.
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
was
r
esp
o
n
s
ib
le
f
o
r
f
o
r
m
u
latin
g
th
e
r
esear
ch
q
u
esti
o
n
s
,
estab
lis
h
in
g
th
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
,
an
d
s
elec
tin
g
th
e
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
r
esear
ch
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
is
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
wo
r
k
was
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
th
e
s
u
cc
ess
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
it
ad
d
r
ess
ed
r
elev
an
t
an
d
im
p
o
r
tan
t
r
esear
ch
to
p
ics.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
co
n
ce
p
tu
alizin
g
an
d
d
esig
n
in
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
p
lay
ed
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
in
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
was
a
k
ey
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
,
as
th
e
r
esear
ch
r
eq
u
i
r
ed
s
p
ec
if
ic
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
to
o
ls
.
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
m
et
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
n
ee
d
s
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
to
th
e
s
ea
m
less
d
ata
co
llectio
n
an
d
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Nu
ttay
a
Sritak
ae
w
wo
r
k
ed
clo
s
ely
with
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
p
h
as
e.
Sritak
ae
w
p
lay
ed
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
in
r
ef
in
in
g
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
it
was
b
o
th
p
r
ac
tical
an
d
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
g
o
als.
Sritak
ae
w'
s
ex
p
er
tis
e
in
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
esig
n
h
elp
ed
s
h
ap
e
th
e
s
tu
d
y
'
s
d
ir
ec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
ed
a
s
o
lid
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
f
o
r
d
a
ta
co
llectio
n
.
B
ey
o
n
d
th
e
d
esig
n
p
h
ase,
Sritak
ae
w
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
to
th
e
d
ata
v
alid
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
n
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
r
eliab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
d
ata
was
a
cr
itical
task
,
an
d
Sritak
ae
w’
s
f
o
cu
s
o
n
d
ata
v
alid
atio
n
m
ain
tain
ed
th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
was
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
cr
ed
ib
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
esu
lts
.
Sritak
ae
w
also
p
lay
ed
a
k
ey
r
o
le
in
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
r
ev
is
io
n
.
Sh
e
wo
r
k
ed
tire
less
ly
to
r
ev
is
e
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t,
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
its
clar
ity
an
d
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
f
in
d
in
g
s
wer
e
co
m
m
u
n
icat
ed
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
Her
atten
tio
n
to
d
etail
en
s
u
r
ed
th
at
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
ad
h
er
ed
to
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
was w
ell
-
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
th
e
s
ch
o
lar
ly
co
m
m
u
n
ity
.
P
i
l
a
i
l
a
k
R
o
j
a
n
a
p
r
a
s
e
r
t
,
U
s
a
T
h
o
h
i
n
u
n
g
,
a
n
d
N
i
s
a
p
i
c
h
a
y
a
p
a
k
M
e
e
s
o
m
s
a
k
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
e
d
p
r
i
m
a
r
i
l
y
t
o
t
h
e
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
a
s
p
e
c
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
T
h
e
i
r
e
x
p
e
r
t
i
s
e
i
n
s
o
f
t
w
a
r
e
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
d
a
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
w
a
s
i
n
v
a
l
u
a
b
l
e
.
T
h
e
y
h
e
l
p
e
d
e
n
s
u
r
e
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
'
s
t
o
o
l
s
w
e
r
e
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
l
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
.
T
h
e
i
r
c
o
n
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
s
a
l
l
o
w
e
d
t
h
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
t
o
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
s
m
o
o
t
h
l
y
a
n
d
m
e
e
t
i
t
s
o
b
j
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
.
I
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
t
o
t
h
e
i
r
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
r
o
l
e
s
,
R
o
j
a
n
a
p
r
a
s
e
r
t
,
T
h
o
h
i
n
u
n
g
,
a
n
d
M
e
e
s
o
m
s
a
k
a
l
s
o
a
s
s
i
s
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
m
a
n
u
s
c
r
i
p
t
w
r
i
t
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
e
v
i
s
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
y
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
k
e
y
i
n
p
u
t
i
n
t
o
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
m
a
n
u
s
c
r
i
p
t
,
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
a
t
t
e
c
h
n
i
c
a
l
d
e
t
a
i
l
s
w
e
r
e
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
i
r
e
f
f
o
r
t
s
w
e
r
e
c
r
i
t
i
c
a
l
i
n
e
n
s
u
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
p
a
p
e
r
m
e
t
t
h
e
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
f
o
r
a
c
a
d
e
m
i
c
p
u
b
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Sirich
ai
T
r
iam
lu
m
ler
d
p
lay
ed
a
k
ey
r
o
le
as
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
ex
p
er
t,
co
n
tr
ib
u
tin
g
tech
n
ical
ex
p
er
tis
e
to
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
im
p
lem
en
tati
o
n
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
to
o
ls
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
T
r
iam
lu
m
ler
d
was
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
ed
itin
g
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t,
en
s
u
r
in
g
it a
d
h
er
ed
to
r
ig
o
r
o
u
s
ac
ad
em
ic
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
an
d
was p
r
ep
ar
ed
f
o
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
.
In
co
n
clu
s
io
n
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
s
tu
d
y
was
a
s
u
cc
ess
d
u
e
to
th
e
co
m
b
in
ed
ef
f
o
r
ts
o
f
all
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
E
ac
h
team
m
em
b
er
co
n
tr
ib
u
ted
th
eir
u
n
iq
u
e
ex
p
er
tis
e,
f
r
o
m
co
n
ce
p
tu
aliza
tio
n
an
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
y
to
tech
n
ical
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
an
d
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
p
r
ep
ar
atio
n
.
T
h
eir
co
llab
o
r
ativ
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
en
s
u
r
ed
th
e
s
tu
d
y
’
s
r
ig
o
r
an
d
ac
ad
em
ic
q
u
ality
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
team
wo
r
k
in
r
esear
ch
.
Na
m
e
o
f
Aut
ho
r
C
M
So
Va
Fo
I
R
D
O
E
Vi
Su
P
Fu
Ph
atch
ar
ap
h
an
C
h
aiy
asu
n
g
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Nu
ttay
a
Sritak
ae
w
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Pil
ailak
R
o
jan
ap
r
aser
t
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Usa T
h
o
h
in
u
n
g
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Nis
ap
ich
ay
ap
ak
Me
eso
m
s
ak
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Sirich
ai
T
r
iam
lu
m
ler
d
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
C
:
C
o
n
c
e
p
t
u
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
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n
M
:
M
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So
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Va
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Fo
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Fo
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:
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t
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t
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R
:
R
e
so
u
r
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s
D
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D
a
t
a
C
u
r
a
t
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o
n
O
:
W
r
i
t
i
n
g
-
O
r
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l
D
r
a
f
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:
W
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&
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Vi
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ter
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ip
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ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
to
its
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
T
h
is
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2252
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8
8
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6
Dev
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in
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n
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to
ma
tic
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a
n
d
w
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s
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in
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in
n
o
v
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tio
n
f
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r
Th
a
i
p
r
esch
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o
l
…
(
P
h
a
tch
a
r
a
p
h
a
n
C
h
a
iya
s
u
n
g
)
1291
s
tu
d
y
was
f
u
n
d
ed
b
y
th
e
Pro
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r
am
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
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n
it
o
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Ar
ea
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B
ased
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t
(
PMU
A)
,
T
h
ailan
d
,
u
n
d
er
th
e
"I
n
n
o
v
atio
n
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
f
o
r
Su
s
tain
ab
le
Dev
elo
p
m
en
t"
r
esear
ch
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
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with
f
u
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in
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ter
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e
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o
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n
d
to
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f
ec
t th
e
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
th
e
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
E
T
H
I
CAL AP
P
RO
V
AL
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
p
r
o
ject
h
as
r
ec
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o
v
al
f
r
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m
th
e
Hu
m
an
R
esear
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E
th
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o
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m
ittee
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ajam
an
g
ala
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ity
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h
n
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lo
g
y
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h
an
y
ab
u
r
i
(
R
MU
T
T
_
R
E
C
No
.
Fu
ll
3
/6
5
)
.
B
ef
o
r
e
th
e
r
esear
ch
b
eg
i
n
s
,
ca
r
eg
iv
er
s
an
d
p
ar
en
ts
will r
ec
eiv
e
a
d
etailed
p
r
o
ject
o
u
tlin
e.
R
esu
lts
will b
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
ag
g
r
eg
ate
to
m
ain
tain
p
er
s
o
n
al
co
n
f
id
en
tiality
.
C
h
ild
r
en
'
s
p
ar
ticip
atio
n
in
th
e
p
r
o
ject
r
eq
u
ir
es
p
ar
en
tal
co
n
s
en
t
v
ia
an
ass
en
t
f
o
r
m
ag
r
ee
in
g
to
th
e
o
u
tlin
ed
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
DATA AV
AI
L
AB
I
L
I
T
Y
T
h
e
d
ata
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
ts
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
o
n
r
eq
u
est
f
r
o
m
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
au
th
o
r
,
[
NS]
.
T
h
e
d
ata,
wh
ich
co
n
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
p
r
o
m
is
e
th
e
p
r
iv
ac
y
o
f
r
esear
ch
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
,
ar
e
n
o
t
p
u
b
licly
av
ailab
le
d
u
e
to
ce
r
tain
r
estrictio
n
s
.
T
h
e
au
th
o
r
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
at
th
e
d
ata
s
u
p
p
o
r
tin
g
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
ar
e
av
ailab
le
with
in
th
e
ar
ticle
[
an
d
/o
r
its
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
m
ater
ials
]
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
D
.
o
f
D
.
C
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
“
G
u
i
d
e
l
i
n
e
s
f
o
r
su
r
v
e
i
l
l
a
n
c
e
,
p
r
e
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
c
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