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f
a
p
r
o
d
u
ct
c
o
m
p
ly
with
Sh
ar
iah
law
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
e
is
s
u
e
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
an
d
lab
elin
g
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
a
co
n
ce
r
n
f
o
r
Mu
s
lim
-
m
ajo
r
ity
co
u
n
tr
ies
b
u
t
h
as
also
b
ec
o
m
e
a
cr
itical
a
s
p
ec
t
o
f
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
tr
ad
e
s
y
s
tem
s
.
I
n
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
f
r
ee
-
m
a
r
k
et
s
y
s
tem
s
,
h
a
lal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
h
as
em
er
g
ed
as
a
s
tr
ateg
y
to
p
r
o
tect
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
an
d
ad
d
r
ess
g
lo
b
aliza
tio
n
ch
allen
g
es
with
in
r
eg
io
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
s
s
u
ch
as
ASEA
N
-
AFTA
,
NAFT
A,
th
e
E
u
r
o
p
ea
n
E
co
n
o
m
ic
C
o
m
m
u
n
ity
,
an
d
g
lo
b
al
o
r
g
a
n
izatio
n
s
lik
e
th
e
W
o
r
ld
T
r
a
d
e
Or
g
an
izatio
n
(
W
T
O)
[
1
1
]
.
Po
s
s
es
s
in
g
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
c
o
m
p
e
titi
v
e
ad
v
an
ta
g
e
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
s
er
v
ices
c
o
m
p
a
r
ed
to
u
n
c
er
tifie
d
alter
n
ativ
es
[
1
2
]
.
Fro
m
a
b
u
s
in
ess
p
er
s
p
ec
tiv
e,
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
o
f
f
er
s
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
th
at
e
n
h
an
ce
s
co
n
s
u
m
er
p
er
ce
p
tio
n
s
o
f
p
r
o
d
u
ct
q
u
ality
[
1
3
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
h
alal
ce
r
tific
a
tio
n
en
ab
les
b
u
s
in
ess
e
s
to
ex
p
an
d
th
eir
m
ar
k
et
r
ea
ch
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
th
e
g
r
o
win
g
m
u
s
lim
m
ar
k
e
t,
b
y
p
ar
ticip
atin
g
in
f
r
ee
tr
ad
e
an
d
ac
ce
s
s
in
g
in
ter
n
atio
n
al
m
ar
k
ets
[
1
4
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
o
b
tain
i
n
g
h
alal
ce
r
t
if
icatio
n
also
p
r
esen
ts
ch
allen
g
es,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
e
s
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
ch
allen
g
es
is
th
e
h
ig
h
co
s
t
o
f
ce
r
tific
atio
n
an
d
th
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
th
e
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
c
ess
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
e
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
v
o
lv
es
ex
ten
s
iv
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es,
s
tar
tin
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
u
p
s
tr
ea
m
s
tag
e
(
e.
g
.
,
r
aw
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
b
y
f
ar
m
er
s
)
,
r
aw
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
(
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
in
d
u
s
tr
y
)
,
p
ac
k
a
g
in
g
,
s
to
r
a
g
e,
a
n
d
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
to
co
n
s
u
m
e
r
s
[
1
6
]
.
T
esti
n
g
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
in
g
r
ed
ie
n
ts
u
s
ed
an
d
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
esp
ec
ially
f
o
r
ch
em
ical
-
b
ase
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
im
p
o
r
ted
g
o
o
d
s
,
also
r
eq
u
ir
es
s
p
ec
ial
i
ze
d
f
ac
ilit
ies
an
d
lab
o
r
ato
r
ies
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
er
e
f
o
r
e,
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
an
d
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
b
o
d
ies
m
u
s
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
d
eq
u
ate
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
an
d
f
ac
ilit
atio
n
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
es
s
ee
k
in
g
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
ef
f
o
r
ts
b
y
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
an
d
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
b
o
d
ies
to
s
im
p
lify
th
e
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
es
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
u
tili
za
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
.
Sev
er
al
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
as
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
tr
an
s
p
ar
en
cy
in
th
e
h
alal
ce
r
ti
f
icatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
an
d
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
in
th
e
h
alal
s
u
p
p
ly
c
h
ain
[
1
8
]
,
r
ed
u
cin
g
co
s
ts
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ef
f
icien
cy
[
1
9
]
,
u
tili
zin
g
d
i
g
ital
m
ed
ia
f
o
r
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
a
p
p
l
icatio
n
s
[
2
0
]
,
an
d
lev
er
ag
in
g
d
ig
ital p
latf
o
r
m
s
an
d
m
ar
k
etp
lace
s
as m
ar
k
etin
g
ch
an
n
els f
o
r
h
alal
p
r
o
d
u
cts an
d
s
er
v
ices
[
2
1
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
tr
ajec
to
r
y
o
f
th
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
is
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
t
r
ig
u
in
g
f
o
r
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
an
d
a
ca
d
em
ics
s
ee
k
in
g
to
d
ee
p
en
t
h
eir
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
,
esp
ec
ially
r
eg
a
r
d
in
g
th
e
im
p
lem
en
tatio
n
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
Var
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
Ho
wev
er
,
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
s
tu
d
ies
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
h
alal
c
er
tific
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
ca
r
ce
.
T
o
d
ate,
o
n
ly
o
n
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
n
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
h
as
b
ee
n
id
e
n
tifie
d
,
co
n
d
u
cted
b
y
B
in
ti
Ma
s
o
o
d
in
2
0
2
2
[
2
2
]
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
ad
d
r
ess
ed
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
in
g
en
er
al
with
o
u
t
ex
p
lo
r
in
g
its
in
teg
r
ati
o
n
with
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
.
R
esear
ch
er
s
h
av
e
id
en
tifie
d
a
g
ap
in
liter
atu
r
e,
as
n
o
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
e
x
am
in
ed
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
a
im
s
to
b
e
th
e
f
ir
s
t
to
m
ap
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
an
d
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
u
s
in
g
a
b
ib
lio
m
et
r
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
ee
k
s
to
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
ely
ex
am
in
e
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
An
in
-
d
ep
th
a
n
aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
u
t
ilizatio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
h
ala
l
ce
r
tific
atio
n
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
id
ea
s
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
p
r
a
ctitio
n
er
s
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
f
o
r
b
u
s
in
ess
es
an
d
co
n
s
u
m
er
s
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e.
T
h
is
r
esear
ch
em
p
lo
y
s
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
o
n
s
cien
tific
p
ap
er
s
p
u
b
l
is
h
ed
g
l
o
b
ally
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
T
h
e
d
ata
q
u
er
y
in
clu
d
es
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
,
g
e
o
g
r
ap
h
ic
r
eg
io
n
s
,
s
tu
d
y
to
p
ics,
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies.
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
v
alu
a
b
le
k
n
o
wled
g
e
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
r
ap
id
ad
o
p
tio
n
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
i
o
u
s
co
u
n
tr
ies.
Gain
in
g
a
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
esear
c
h
,
id
e
n
tif
y
in
g
r
esear
ch
g
ap
s
,
a
n
d
ass
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
lev
el
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
in
teg
r
atio
n
in
h
a
lal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
with
in
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
liter
atu
r
e
ar
e
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
o
f
f
er
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
u
tu
r
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
t
h
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
r
ef
o
r
e
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
a
im
s
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
r
esear
c
h
q
u
esti
o
n
s
:
−
R
Q1
:
Ho
w
is
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
r
esear
ch
r
elate
d
to
t
h
e
th
e
m
e
o
f
“
T
he
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
?
−
R
Q2
:
W
h
o
ar
e
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
,
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
s
,
an
d
co
u
n
tr
ies
th
at
wr
ite
an
d
p
u
b
lis
h
th
e
m
o
s
t
jo
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
r
elate
d
to
th
e
th
e
m
e
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
?
−
R
Q3
:
W
h
at
ar
e
th
e
m
ain
ar
ea
s
o
f
f
o
cu
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
in
th
e
wo
r
ld
?
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
1
2
8
0
-
1
298
1282
A
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
is
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
all
m
etad
ata
p
er
tai
n
in
g
to
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
,
s
o
u
r
ce
d
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase,
in
o
r
d
er
to
o
b
tain
a
t
h
o
r
o
u
g
h
o
v
er
v
iew
o
f
th
e
to
p
ic
’
s
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
v
e
r
tim
e.
Sch
o
lar
s
h
av
e
ex
ten
s
iv
ely
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
al
y
s
is
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
p
r
io
r
r
esear
ch
b
y
g
ath
er
in
g
m
etad
ata
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase.
T
h
e
m
etad
ata
f
in
d
in
g
s
ar
e
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
an
aly
ze
d
to
o
b
tain
a
c
o
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
p
r
io
r
p
u
b
l
icatio
n
s
an
d
id
en
tify
ar
ea
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
th
at
f
u
tu
r
e
s
ch
o
lar
s
m
ay
ex
p
lo
r
e.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
o
u
tco
m
es o
f
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
will
o
f
f
er
e
x
te
n
s
iv
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
an
aly
s
is
f
o
r
s
ch
o
lar
s
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
als
in
th
e
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
wa
r
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
to
p
ic
in
th
e
n
e
x
t
y
ea
r
s
.
B
y
r
ev
iewin
g
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
tu
d
ies,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
id
en
tify
ar
ea
s
th
at
h
av
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
lim
ited
atten
tio
n
in
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
b
ased
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
r
esear
ch
.
T
h
is
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ac
ad
em
ics
an
d
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
to
d
ev
elo
p
n
ew
in
n
o
v
atio
n
s
an
d
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
ap
p
lie
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
ly
m
ee
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
s
o
f
th
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
o
f
th
is
s
tu
d
y
n
o
t
o
n
ly
s
er
v
e
as
an
ac
ad
em
ic
m
ap
p
in
g
b
u
t
also
p
r
o
v
id
e
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
atio
n
s
f
o
r
k
ey
s
t
ak
eh
o
ld
er
s
i
n
th
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
.
B
y
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
l
ev
el
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
th
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
o
f
f
er
s
tr
ateg
ic
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
g
o
v
er
n
m
en
ts
,
c
er
tific
atio
n
b
o
d
ies,
an
d
b
u
s
in
ess
es
to
o
p
tim
ize
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
o
v
er
all
q
u
ality
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
g
lo
b
all
.
Ov
er
all,
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
er
v
es
as
a
g
u
id
e
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
e
v
o
lv
in
g
d
y
n
am
ics
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
-
d
r
iv
en
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
g
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
p
e
r
s
p
ec
tiv
e
f
o
r
ac
a
d
e
m
ics,
in
d
u
s
tr
y
p
lay
er
s
,
a
n
d
r
e
g
u
lato
r
s
in
en
s
u
r
in
g
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
es
s
o
f
th
e
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
s
y
s
tem
in
th
e
f
u
tu
r
e
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
u
tili
ze
s
a
liter
atu
r
e
-
b
ased
s
y
s
tem
m
a
p
p
in
g
r
esear
ch
(
SMR
)
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
s
p
ec
if
ically
em
p
lo
y
in
g
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
s
tu
d
y
o
f
co
u
p
lin
g
,
co
-
citatio
n
,
a
n
d
d
ir
ec
t
citatio
n
is
o
f
ten
r
eg
ar
d
e
d
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
ep
en
d
a
b
le
an
d
p
r
ec
is
e
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
m
ap
p
in
g
r
esear
ch
liter
atu
r
e
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
SMR
h
as
th
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
to
g
r
o
u
p
an
d
v
is
u
ally
r
ep
r
esen
t
in
ter
r
elate
d
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
s
o
f
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
s
.
I
n
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
was
u
s
ed
b
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
q
u
an
t
itativ
e
an
d
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
m
o
r
e
h
o
lis
tic
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
tr
en
d
s
an
d
p
atter
n
s
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
Qu
a
n
titativ
e
an
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
,
citatio
n
s
,
an
d
au
th
o
r
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
.
W
h
ile
q
u
alitativ
e
an
aly
s
is
was
u
s
ed
to
an
aly
ze
th
e
co
n
ten
t
o
f
th
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
to
i
d
en
tify
k
ey
th
em
es,
co
n
ce
p
ts
,
an
d
is
s
u
es
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
clu
d
in
g
an
aly
s
is
d
er
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
k
ey
wo
r
d
s
,
titl
es,
an
d
ab
s
tr
ac
ts
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
iv
e
cr
iter
ia
f
o
r
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
s
elec
tio
n
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
wer
e
b
ased
o
n
t
wo
k
ey
asp
ec
t
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
v
alid
ity
an
d
r
ele
v
an
ce
o
f
th
e
d
ata.
First,
th
e
s
elec
ted
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
h
ad
to
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
r
elate
d
to
th
e
is
s
u
es
b
ein
g
ex
am
i
n
ed
,
wh
ich
was
d
eter
m
in
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
eir
titl
es,
d
escr
ip
tio
n
s
,
o
r
co
n
ten
t.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
i
n
s
elec
tio
n
,
k
ey
wo
r
d
ch
o
ice
p
la
y
ed
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le,
wh
er
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
em
p
lo
y
ed
B
o
o
lean
s
ea
r
ch
tech
n
iq
u
es (
e.
g
.
,
AND,
OR
,
NOT
)
to
en
ab
le
a
m
o
r
e
s
tr
u
ct
u
r
ed
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
e
s
ea
r
ch
alig
n
ed
with
th
e
r
esea
r
ch
k
e
y
wo
r
d
s
[
2
3
]
.
Seco
n
d
,
i
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
d
ata
p
er
tain
in
g
to
th
e
lit
er
atu
r
e
o
n
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
was
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase.
I
n
a
ca
d
em
ic
r
esear
ch
,
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
is
wid
ely
ac
k
n
o
wled
g
e
d
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
m
in
en
t
a
n
d
lo
n
g
s
tan
d
in
g
citatio
n
d
atab
ase.
I
ts
s
ch
o
lar
ly
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
h
a
v
e
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
ex
te
n
s
iv
e
co
v
e
r
ag
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
all
lead
in
g
jo
u
r
n
al
s
s
in
ce
1
9
6
6
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
u
s
,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
b
ib
lio
g
r
ap
h
ic
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
n
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
wa
r
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase.
T
h
e
ar
ticles
wer
e
s
ea
r
ch
ed
u
s
in
g
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
in
Dec
em
b
e
r
2
0
2
4
.
I
n
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
th
e
r
esear
ch
er
s
f
o
cu
s
ed
e
x
clu
s
iv
ely
o
n
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
to
Dec
e
m
b
e
r
2
0
2
4
,
as
ea
r
lier
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
in
d
ex
ed
b
y
Sco
p
u
s
h
av
e
n
o
t
a
d
eq
u
ately
ad
d
r
ess
ed
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
.
88
d
o
c
u
m
en
ts
r
elate
d
to
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
ap
p
ea
r
ed
.
T
h
en
,
af
ter
f
ilter
in
g
b
y
lan
g
u
ag
e
(
E
n
g
lis
h
)
.
T
h
e
ar
ticles
wer
e
th
en
an
al
y
s
ed
u
s
in
g
VOSv
iewe
r
,
wh
ic
h
was
d
ev
elo
p
ed
b
y
V
an
E
ck
a
n
d
W
altm
an
[
2
5
]
.
VOSv
iewe
r
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
g
en
er
atin
g
m
ap
s
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
itab
le
m
ap
p
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es
[
2
6
]
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
e
n
tly
,
th
is
s
o
f
t
war
e
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
ze
d
n
o
t
o
n
ly
f
o
r
d
is
p
lay
in
g
m
ap
s
cr
ea
ted
with
VOS
m
ap
p
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
b
u
t
also
f
o
r
th
o
s
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
u
s
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
m
u
ltid
im
en
s
io
n
al
s
c
alin
g
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
VOSv
iewe
r
is
co
m
p
atib
le
with
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
h
ar
d
war
e
an
d
o
p
e
r
atin
g
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
ca
n
b
e
lau
n
ch
e
d
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ter
n
et
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
r
esear
ch
er
s
also
u
s
ed
Pu
b
lis
h
o
r
Per
is
h
an
d
Mic
r
o
s
o
f
t
E
x
ce
l
to
an
aly
s
e
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
s
o
f
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
n
ee
d
e
d
.
Ov
er
all,
th
e
f
lo
w
o
f
th
e
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
d
iag
r
am
an
d
th
e
d
atab
ase
f
ilter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
u
s
ed
was sh
o
wn
in
Fi
g
u
r
e
1
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Da
t
a
s
t
a
t
is
t
ics
Statis
t
ical
d
ata
is
u
tili
ze
d
to
ad
d
r
ess
R
Q1
b
y
o
b
s
er
v
e
tr
en
d
s
an
d
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
ar
ticles
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
ea
ch
y
ea
r
,
as
well
as
to
d
eter
m
in
e
wh
eth
er
th
er
e
h
as
b
ee
n
an
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
i
o
u
s
y
ea
r
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
p
r
esen
ts
s
tatis
tica
l
d
ata
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s
tr
atin
g
th
e
f
lu
ctu
atin
g
tr
en
d
o
f
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n
d
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
Tech
n
o
lo
g
y
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la
l c
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:
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r
s
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a
n
d
ex
p
e
r
ts
in
ex
am
in
i
n
g
th
e
“
r
o
le
o
f
te
ch
n
o
lo
g
y
i
n
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
Fo
r
in
s
tan
ce
,
Fi
g
u
r
e
2
e
x
p
lain
s
th
at
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic
b
eg
a
n
in
2
0
1
4
,
with
n
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
ts
in
th
e
f
o
ll
o
win
g
y
ea
r
,
as
r
esear
ch
er
s
p
r
o
d
u
c
ed
o
n
ly
o
n
e
p
u
b
licatio
n
in
2
0
1
5
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
th
is
n
u
m
b
er
in
c
r
ea
s
ed
in
2
0
1
6
,
w
ith
f
o
u
r
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
”
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t r
is
e
in
citatio
n
s
,
to
t
alin
g
1
2
2
.
Nev
e
r
th
eless
,
a
d
ec
lin
e
in
th
e
tr
en
d
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
in
2
0
1
7
,
d
u
r
in
g
w
h
ich
o
n
ly
two
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
wer
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
,
y
ield
in
g
a
t
o
tal
o
f
f
o
u
r
citatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
h
ig
h
est
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
p
u
b
licatio
n
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
i
n
2
0
2
4
,
with
1
7
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
r
elea
s
e
d
in
Sco
p
u
s
-
in
d
ex
ed
jo
u
r
n
al
s
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
th
e
h
ig
h
est
ci
tatio
n
in
cr
ea
s
e
was
o
b
s
er
v
ed
i
n
2
0
1
8
,
with
a
to
ta
l
o
f
1
3
8
citatio
n
s
t
h
at
y
ea
r
.
A
d
o
wn
war
d
tr
en
d
in
citatio
n
s
co
n
tin
u
ed
in
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
3
,
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
,
with
th
e
p
ea
k
d
ec
lin
e
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
2
0
2
4
,
wh
er
e
o
n
ly
2
3
citatio
n
s
wer
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
Ov
e
r
all,
o
v
er
th
e
p
ast
d
ec
ad
e
,
th
e
r
e
h
as
b
ee
n
a
tr
en
d
o
f
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
p
u
b
licatio
n
s
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
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le
o
f
tech
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lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
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n
,
”
alb
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ac
co
m
p
an
ie
d
b
y
a
d
ec
lin
in
g
tr
en
d
in
ci
tatio
n
n
u
m
b
er
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
i
n
2
0
2
2
,
2
0
2
3
,
a
n
d
2
0
2
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Flo
w
d
ia
g
r
am
o
f
s
ea
r
ch
s
tr
ateg
y
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
id
en
tifie
s
t
h
e
t
y
p
es
o
f
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
ts
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
r
esear
c
h
tr
e
n
d
s
in
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
a
lal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
b
ased
o
n
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
ty
p
e.
Am
o
n
g
th
e
to
ta
l
o
f
8
8
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
u
tili
ze
d
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
ar
ticl
es
d
o
m
in
ate
wi
th
3
0
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
(
s
ee
F
ig
u
r
e
3
)
.
T
h
is
is
f
o
llo
wed
b
y
co
n
f
e
r
en
ce
p
ap
er
s
,
wh
ich
ac
co
u
n
t
f
o
r
1
7
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
Ma
n
u
s
cr
ip
ts
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
o
o
k
ch
a
p
ter
s
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
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le
o
f
tech
n
o
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g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
c
er
tific
atio
n
”
ar
e
also
p
r
ev
alen
t
,
to
talin
g
1
2
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
th
er
e
ar
e
6
r
ev
iew
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
an
d
3
c
o
n
f
er
e
n
ce
r
ev
iews.
A
s
m
all
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
”
am
o
u
n
ts
to
o
n
e
b
o
o
k
.
S
c
ope
, Cov
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g
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
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2
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g
u
s
t
20
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u
r
e
2
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m
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o
f
s
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p
u
s
in
d
ex
ed
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
4
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Nu
m
b
er
o
f
s
co
p
u
s
in
d
ex
ed
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
f
r
o
m
2
0
1
4
-
2
0
2
4
3
.
1
.
1
.
Wha
t
less
o
n c
a
n be
lea
rned
?
T
h
e
s
tatis
tica
l
d
ata
r
esu
lts
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ev
er
al
k
ey
in
s
ig
h
ts
an
d
v
alu
ab
le
less
o
n
s
.
First,
al
th
o
u
g
h
th
er
e
is
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
tr
en
d
in
p
u
b
lica
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
t
h
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
in
citatio
n
n
u
m
b
er
s
in
d
icate
s
th
at
n
o
t
al
l
s
tu
d
ies
ac
h
iev
e
s
u
s
tain
ed
ac
ad
em
ic
im
p
ac
t.
T
h
e
p
ea
k
in
citatio
n
s
in
2
0
1
8
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
a
n
d
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
r
esear
ch
attr
ac
ts
g
r
ea
ter
atten
tio
n
,
wh
er
ea
s
th
e
d
ec
lin
e
in
citatio
n
s
in
r
ec
en
t
y
ea
r
s
m
ay
in
d
icate
to
p
ic
s
atu
r
atio
n
,
a
lack
o
f
n
o
v
el
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
o
r
i
n
ef
f
e
ctiv
e
d
is
s
em
in
atio
n
ef
f
o
r
ts
.
Seco
n
d
,
t
h
e
d
o
m
in
an
c
e
o
f
j
o
u
r
n
al
ar
ticles
an
d
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
a
p
er
s
am
o
n
g
m
an
u
s
c
r
ip
t
ty
p
es
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
is
to
p
ic
is
ac
tiv
ely
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
with
in
ac
ad
em
ic
an
d
p
r
o
f
ess
io
n
al
cir
cles.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
lim
ited
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
a
n
d
r
e
v
iew
ar
ticles
s
u
g
g
ests
a
g
ap
in
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
th
eo
r
etica
l
o
r
p
r
ac
tical
o
v
er
v
iews.
T
h
is
p
r
esen
ts
an
o
p
p
o
r
t
u
n
ity
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
f
o
cu
s
m
o
r
e
o
n
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
h
ig
h
-
im
p
ac
t
liter
atu
r
e
r
ev
ie
ws
an
d
b
o
o
k
s
th
at
co
n
s
o
lid
ate
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
t
h
is
f
ield
.
Fin
ally
,
th
e
d
ec
lin
in
g
citatio
n
tr
e
n
d
f
r
o
m
2
0
2
2
to
2
0
2
4
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
eir
s
tu
d
ies
r
em
ai
n
r
el
ev
an
t
an
d
wid
ely
r
ef
e
r
en
ce
d
.
T
h
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
v
o
lv
es
m
u
ltip
le
s
tak
eh
o
ld
er
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
d
is
cip
lin
es
[
2
7
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
a
n
d
alig
n
in
g
r
esear
c
h
with
in
d
u
s
t
r
y
n
ee
d
s
ar
e
ex
p
ec
te
d
to
e
n
h
a
n
ce
b
o
th
th
e
q
u
an
tity
a
n
d
q
u
a
lity
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic.
3
.
2
.
B
ibl
io
m
et
ric
a
na
l
y
s
is
At
th
e
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
a
n
aly
s
is
s
t
ag
e,
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
d
atab
ase
was
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
ely
e
x
am
in
ed
to
id
en
tify
a
n
d
ass
es
s
v
ar
io
u
s
co
r
r
elatio
n
s
r
elev
an
t
to
th
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
in
clu
d
es
id
en
tify
in
g
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
jo
u
r
n
als,
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tia
l
au
th
o
r
s
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
cited
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
,
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ct
iv
e
co
u
n
tr
ies
an
d
in
s
titu
tio
n
s
,
as
we
ll
as
th
e
co
-
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
n
etwo
r
k
o
f
k
ey
w
o
r
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ib
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8
Sco
p
u
s
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in
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ed
p
a
p
er
s
o
n
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
,
”
we
ex
a
m
in
ed
t
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
ar
ticl
es
b
y
ass
ess
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g
th
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eq
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en
c
y
o
f
o
th
er
ar
ticles
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ef
er
en
cin
g
o
th
er
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ticles
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
h
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tific
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n
s
tu
d
ies
u
s
in
g
p
ar
ticu
lar
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e
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d
s
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y
lo
a
d
in
g
f
iles
in
to
th
e
VOSv
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r
s
o
f
twar
e,
r
esear
ch
er
s
ca
n
o
b
tai
n
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s
wer
s
to
th
eir
in
q
u
ir
ies.
T
h
e
a
v
ailab
le
f
ea
tu
r
es in
clu
d
e
th
e
ab
ilit
y
to
g
et
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lts
f
r
o
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au
th
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s
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r
g
an
izatio
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s
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n
at
io
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m
u
ltip
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n
s
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d
k
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d
s
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iv
id
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wo
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d
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o
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ally
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ep
r
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ata
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i
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d
in
g
s
.
Mo
r
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r
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it
ca
n
also
id
e
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tify
d
ef
icien
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u
n
d
er
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
r
esear
c
h
,
an
d
o
f
ten
c
o
n
d
u
cted
r
esear
c
h
.
Fu
r
th
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o
r
e
,
th
e
r
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ch
er
ex
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m
in
ed
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e
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o
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g
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n
izatio
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at
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ad
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im
p
ac
t
o
n
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
.
”
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
d
icate
th
e
p
ar
ticip
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n
o
f
o
r
g
an
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n
s
in
m
an
y
co
u
n
tr
ies,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
u
n
iv
er
s
ities
,
th
at
f
o
cu
s
o
n
s
tu
d
y
o
n
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
t
o
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
i
s
s
tu
d
y
allo
w
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
to
e
x
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lo
r
e
t
h
e
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ch
f
lo
w
r
elate
d
to
“
T
h
e
r
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le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
a
lal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
First,
th
e
r
es
u
lts
f
o
u
n
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
ti
n
g
jo
u
r
n
als,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
o
f
in
d
th
e
m
o
s
t
p
r
o
d
u
ctiv
e
jo
u
r
n
als
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
,
a
co
llectio
n
o
f
ar
ticles
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
Sco
p
u
s
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ata
b
ase
is
ex
tr
ac
ted
.
T
h
en
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e
r
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d
is
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lay
s
th
e
r
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lts
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Sv
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r
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ce
s
s
in
g
ac
co
r
d
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g
to
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e
f
o
llo
win
g
T
a
b
le
1
.
T
ab
le
1
s
h
o
ws
ten
jo
u
r
n
als
th
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
ar
ticles
th
at
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
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le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
w
ar
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
th
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
th
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
Ma
r
k
etin
g
is
th
e
jo
u
r
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al
t
h
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
th
e
m
o
s
t
to
p
u
b
lis
h
in
g
r
esear
c
h
ar
ticles
r
elate
d
to
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
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o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
”
with
a
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
,
5
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
,
an
d
a
to
tal
citatio
n
o
f
8
2
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
ap
e
r
s
in
th
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
Ma
r
k
etin
g
r
elate
d
to
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
”
is
v
er
y
h
ig
h
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
Sco
p
u
s
-
in
d
ex
ed
jo
u
r
n
als.
As
is
k
n
o
wn
,
t
h
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
Ma
r
k
etin
g
h
as
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
h
i
g
h
est
H
-
I
n
d
ex
,
wh
ich
is
5
5
,
with
th
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
p
o
s
itio
n
in
Qu
ar
tile
1
in
th
e
S
co
p
u
s
d
atab
ase.
I
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
p
o
s
itio
n
,
th
er
e
is
a
b
o
o
k
p
u
b
lis
h
ed
b
y
Sp
r
in
g
e
r
Natu
r
e
titl
ed
“
E
m
er
g
in
g
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
C
r
is
is
Ma
n
ag
em
en
t
in
th
e
Hala
l
I
n
d
u
s
tr
y
:
I
s
s
u
es
an
d
R
ec
en
t
Dev
elo
p
m
en
ts
,
”
wh
ich
in
clu
d
es
f
iv
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
T
h
e
I
OP
C
o
n
f
er
en
ce
Ser
ies:
E
ar
th
an
d
E
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tal
Scien
ce
r
an
k
s
th
ir
d
,
h
av
in
g
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
th
r
ee
m
an
u
s
cr
i
p
ts
with
a
to
tal
o
f
two
citatio
n
s
.
Ov
er
all,
T
ab
le
1
illu
s
tr
ates
th
at,
o
n
av
er
ag
e,
th
e
p
u
b
lis
h
er
s
o
f
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
d
is
cu
s
s
in
g
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
ar
e
n
o
t
d
o
m
i
n
ated
s
o
lely
b
y
jo
u
r
n
als;
r
ath
er
,
th
er
e
a
r
e
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
co
n
f
er
e
n
ce
p
r
o
ce
ed
in
g
s
an
d
b
o
o
k
s
th
at
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
is
to
p
ic.
I
n
ter
esti
n
g
ly
,
th
e
p
u
b
lis
h
er
s
o
f
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
o
n
th
is
s
u
b
ject
ar
e
p
r
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
tly
s
o
u
r
ce
s
wit
h
a
s
cien
tific
s
co
p
e
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t.
T
h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
h
ala
l
ce
r
t
if
icatio
n
is
n
o
lo
n
g
er
s
o
lely
d
o
m
in
ated
b
y
d
is
cu
s
s
io
n
s
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
I
s
lam
ic
law
o
r
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
i
cs
b
u
t
h
as
g
ar
n
er
e
d
s
ig
n
if
ican
t in
ter
est f
r
o
m
r
esear
ch
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s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
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s
d
is
cip
lin
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s
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Mo
s
t p
r
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d
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cti
v
e
jo
u
r
n
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b
o
o
k
s
/p
r
o
ce
e
d
in
g
f
o
r
“
T
h
e
r
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le
o
f
tech
n
o
l
o
g
y
t
o
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
”
to
p
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(
2
0
1
4
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2
0
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4
)
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t
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t
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5
82
Emerg
i
n
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Te
c
h
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n
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C
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a
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e
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t
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T
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H
a
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a
l
I
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d
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:
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ssu
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R
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D
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5
1
I
O
P
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f
e
r
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c
e
S
e
r
i
e
s
:
E
a
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v
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qu
a
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t
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48
3
2
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c
t
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W
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at
less
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ca
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lear
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e
d
?
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
is
b
ib
lio
m
etr
ic
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
ev
er
al
im
p
o
r
tan
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
.
First,
th
is
s
tu
d
y
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
at
r
esear
ch
o
n
h
al
al
ce
r
tific
atio
n
is
n
o
t
o
n
ly
lim
ited
to
I
s
lam
ic
law
o
r
I
s
lam
ic
ec
o
n
o
m
ics
b
u
t
h
as
ex
p
an
d
e
d
in
to
in
ter
d
is
cip
lin
ar
y
d
o
m
ai
n
s
s
u
ch
as
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
an
d
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ain
m
an
ag
em
en
t.
T
h
is
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
to
p
1
0
jo
u
r
n
als
p
u
b
li
s
h
in
g
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic,
wh
ich
en
co
m
p
ass
a
m
u
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
r
esear
ch
s
co
p
e,
in
clu
d
in
g
in
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
t
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
s
cien
ce
,
co
m
p
u
ter
s
cien
ce
,
an
d
a
p
p
lied
e
n
g
in
ee
r
i
n
g
.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
r
ec
o
g
n
itio
n
o
f
th
e
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
r
ef
lectin
g
a
b
r
o
ad
e
r
an
d
m
o
r
e
in
teg
r
ated
r
esear
ch
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
Seco
n
d
,
th
e
i
d
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
jo
u
r
n
a
ls
with
th
e
m
o
s
t
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
e
J
o
u
r
n
al
o
f
I
s
lam
ic
Ma
r
k
etin
g
,
s
u
g
g
ests
th
a
t
in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
ad
o
p
tio
n
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
m
ar
k
e
tin
g
elem
en
ts
p
lay
a
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
f
o
r
r
esear
ch
er
s
.
F
o
r
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
u
n
ities
,
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
r
em
ain
s
a
r
elati
v
ely
n
ew
co
n
ce
p
t,
wh
ich
m
a
y
r
esu
lt
in
a
lack
o
f
k
n
o
wled
g
e
an
d
lo
w
awa
r
en
es
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
r
eg
ar
d
i
n
g
th
e
r
o
le
an
d
b
en
ef
its
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
[
2
8
]
.
I
n
th
is
r
eg
ar
d
,
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
p
lay
s
a
v
ital
r
o
le
in
en
h
an
cin
g
p
u
b
lic
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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n
in
en
s
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
h
alal
in
teg
r
ity
o
f
c
o
n
s
u
m
ab
le
p
r
o
d
u
cts
[
2
9
]
.
B
ased
o
n
t
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
,
r
esear
ch
e
r
s
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
is
to
p
ic
s
h
o
u
l
d
co
n
s
id
er
tar
g
eti
n
g
r
ep
u
tab
le
jo
u
r
n
als
in
r
elev
an
t
d
is
cip
lin
es
to
en
h
an
ce
ac
ad
em
ic
v
is
ib
ilit
y
an
d
citati
o
n
p
o
ten
tial.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
o
o
k
s
an
d
co
n
f
er
en
ce
p
r
o
ce
e
d
in
g
s
alo
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g
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id
e
jo
u
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al
ar
ticles
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icate
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th
at
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is
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em
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in
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ield
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t
u
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r
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in
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s
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3
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2
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M
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A
b
ib
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etr
ic
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ap
p
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g
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f
au
th
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r
s
was
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
VOSv
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r
s
o
f
twar
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as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
an
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T
ab
le
2
.
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h
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v
is
u
alis
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n
d
ep
icts
th
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d
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tr
ib
u
tio
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f
ac
ad
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’
p
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u
ctiv
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in
ca
r
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in
g
o
u
t
r
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ch
o
n
th
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s
u
b
ject
o
f
“
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h
e
r
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le
o
f
tech
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to
war
d
s
h
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ce
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tific
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h
e
f
in
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g
s
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p
r
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b
le
in
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ig
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ts
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to
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f
th
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m
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t
p
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ctiv
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t
h
o
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s
wh
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h
av
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co
n
tr
i
b
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ted
m
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u
s
cr
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ts
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th
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h
alal
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h
e
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,
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ated
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Un
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ek
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MA
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A
(
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an
d
1
2
c
itatio
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s
.
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llo
win
g
h
im
,
th
r
ee
s
ch
o
lar
s
af
f
iliated
with
th
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s
am
e
in
s
t
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Nu
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u
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in
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ely
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h
ed
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r
d
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u
m
en
ts
with
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ev
en
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n
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
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t
o
Un
i
v
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s
iti
T
ek
n
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lo
g
i
MA
R
A,
o
th
er
s
ch
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lar
s
f
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m
Un
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s
iti
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Sab
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h
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Un
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Pah
an
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n
d
Un
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iti
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lay
s
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T
er
en
g
g
a
n
u
h
av
e
also
c
o
n
t
r
ib
u
ted
r
esear
ch
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o
c
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m
en
ts
o
n
th
e
to
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o
f
“
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f
tech
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d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
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.
”
O
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th
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h
a
n
d
,
Fig
u
r
e
3
illu
s
tr
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tes
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ter
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o
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th
o
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eith
er
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f
o
r
m
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o
f
m
u
ltip
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ter
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ar
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with
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a
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at
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lts
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f
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ies
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n
s
er
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tically
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is
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etwe
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ize
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h
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m
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t
f
r
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tly
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e
d
wo
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k
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3
.
2
[
4
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.
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th
at
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im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
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lay
s
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a,
to
o
th
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co
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tr
ies.
3
.
2
.
3
.
M
o
s
t
cit
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cr
ipts
Nex
t,
T
ab
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3
s
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g
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t
in
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tr
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te
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o
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th
e
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f
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f
tech
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d
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h
alal
ce
r
tific
a
tio
n
”
.
T
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
with
th
e
titl
e
“
I
n
teg
r
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th
e
I
o
T
in
th
e
h
alal
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o
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ly
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ain
:
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s
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atic
lite
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r
e
r
ev
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d
r
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h
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g
en
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a
”
wr
itten
b
y
Ab
d
er
ah
m
a
n
R
ejeb
Kar
im
R
ejeb
,
Su
h
aiza
Z
ailan
i,
Ho
r
s
t
T
r
eib
lm
aier
,
Kar
en
J
.
Han
d
.
is
t
h
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
th
at
h
as th
e
g
r
ea
test
in
f
lu
en
ce
o
n
t
h
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
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o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
.
”
T
h
e
m
a
n
u
s
cr
ip
t
was
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
lly
cited
b
y
9
7
o
th
er
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
with
a
r
atio
o
f
2
4
.
6
citatio
n
s
p
er
y
ea
r
.
I
n
t
h
e
s
ec
o
n
d
r
a
n
k
,
th
e
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
titl
ed
“
R
atio
n
al
an
d
p
r
ac
tical
asp
ec
ts
o
f
h
alal
an
d
tay
y
ib
in
th
e
co
n
te
x
t
o
f
f
o
o
d
s
af
ety
,
”
a
u
th
o
r
e
d
b
y
J
awa
d
Alze
er
,
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ik
e
R
ie
d
er
,
a
n
d
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ale
d
Ab
o
u
Ha
d
ee
d
in
2
0
1
8
,
h
as
ac
h
iev
e
d
a
to
tal
o
f
8
5
citatio
n
s
.
Fo
llo
win
g
clo
s
ely
in
th
ir
d
p
l
ac
e
is
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
ec
en
tly
p
u
b
l
is
h
ed
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t
am
o
n
g
th
e
to
p
1
0
m
o
s
t
cited
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
ts
.
T
h
is
m
an
u
s
cr
ip
t,
titl
ed
“
Hala
l
f
o
o
d
s
u
s
tain
ab
ilit
y
b
etwe
en
ce
r
tific
atio
n
an
d
b
lo
ck
ch
ai
n
:
a
R
ev
iew,
”
was
au
th
o
r
e
d
b
y
C
h
r
is
tian
B
u
x
,
E
r
ica
Var
ese,
Ver
a
Am
icar
elli,
an
d
Ma
r
iar
o
s
ar
ia
L
o
m
b
ar
d
i
in
2
0
2
2
,
an
d
it
h
as g
ar
n
e
r
ed
5
0
c
itatio
n
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
e
r
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
-
W
h
at
less
o
n
ca
n
b
e
lear
n
e
d
?
Sev
er
al
im
p
o
r
tan
t
less
o
n
s
ca
n
b
e
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
th
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
First,
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
r
esear
ch
o
n
“T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
”
ten
d
s
to
f
o
cu
s
o
n
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
I
o
T
an
d
b
lo
c
k
ch
ai
n
,
in
r
elatio
n
t
o
h
alal
s
u
p
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atio
n
.
W
h
en
c
o
m
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th
e
r
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lts
o
f
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e
VOSv
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r
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tp
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t
s
h
o
wn
in
F
ig
u
r
e
3
,
th
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
an
aly
s
is
th
at
ar
e
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
an
d
T
ab
le
4
a
r
e
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
.
On
th
e
b
asis
o
f
T
ab
le
4
,
it
is
k
n
o
wn
th
at
t
h
e
co
u
n
tr
y
t
h
at
g
en
er
ate
s
th
e
m
o
s
t
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
“
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o
le
o
f
tech
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o
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d
s
h
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ia,
with
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o
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m
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d
4
1
5
ci
tatio
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s
.
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n
d
o
n
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k
ed
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ir
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with
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3
3
d
o
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u
m
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ts
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6
8
citatio
n
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.
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n
o
tab
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d
if
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e
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in
th
e
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r
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3
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o
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h
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Dar
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States
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m
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ich
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if
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e
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t
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,
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o
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er
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e
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lo
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n
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h
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Asi
an
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s
p
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So
u
th
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Asi
a.
T
h
e
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o
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itio
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o
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lay
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
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w
h
ich
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e
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k
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f
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s
ec
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d
s
h
o
ws
lin
ea
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ity
with
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
in
ea
ch
o
f
th
ese
co
u
n
tr
ies
wh
er
e
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
th
e
GI
E
I
I
n
d
e
x
co
m
p
iled
b
y
Din
ar
Stan
d
a
r
d
i
n
2
0
2
3
,
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
e
s
ia
ar
e
r
an
k
ed
f
ir
s
t
an
d
th
ir
d
.
I
t
is
in
ter
esti
n
g
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
co
u
n
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
Au
s
tr
alia,
Un
ited
S
tates
o
f
Am
er
ica,
Ger
m
an
y
,
a
n
d
C
an
ad
a
in
wh
ich
th
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
th
e
p
o
p
u
latio
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
c
o
n
s
is
t
o
f
Mu
s
lim
s
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
t
h
ese
f
o
u
r
n
atio
n
s
ar
e
am
o
n
g
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4
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W
h
at
less
o
n
ca
n
b
e
lear
n
e
d
?
Sev
er
al
k
ey
in
s
ig
h
ts
ca
n
b
e
d
r
awn
f
r
o
m
t
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
.
First,
Ma
lay
s
ia
s
u
r
p
ass
es
I
n
d
o
n
esia
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
r
esear
c
h
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
(
4
2
)
an
d
to
tal
cit
atio
n
s
(
4
1
5
)
,
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
in
g
its
p
o
s
itio
n
as
th
e
m
o
s
t
in
f
lu
en
tial
co
n
tr
ib
u
to
r
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
d
o
m
ain
.
T
h
e
d
o
m
in
a
n
ce
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
esi
a
alig
n
s
with
th
eir
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
in
t
h
e
g
lo
b
al
h
al
al
in
d
u
s
tr
y
,
as
r
ef
lecte
d
in
th
e
Glo
b
al
I
s
lam
ic
E
co
n
o
m
y
I
n
d
icato
r
(
GI
E
I
)
2
0
2
3
,
wh
er
e
Ma
lay
s
ia
an
d
I
n
d
o
n
es
ia
r
an
k
ed
f
ir
s
t
an
d
th
ir
d
,
r
e
s
p
ec
tiv
ely
.
Seco
n
d
,
d
esp
ite
th
e
p
r
o
m
i
n
en
ce
o
f
So
u
th
ea
s
t
Asi
a
n
co
u
n
tr
ies
in
th
is
r
esear
ch
f
ield
,
it
is
n
o
ta
b
le
th
at
n
o
n
-
Mu
s
lim
-
m
ajo
r
ity
co
u
n
tr
ies,
s
u
ch
as
Au
s
tr
alia,
th
e
Un
ited
States
,
Ger
m
an
y
,
an
d
C
an
ad
a,
also
r
an
k
am
o
n
g
th
e
to
p
ten
c
o
n
tr
i
b
u
to
r
s
.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
s
tu
d
y
o
f
tec
h
n
o
lo
g
y
’
s
r
o
le
in
h
alal
ce
r
tific
at
io
n
h
as
g
ain
ed
tr
ac
tio
n
b
e
y
o
n
d
Mu
s
lim
-
m
ajo
r
ity
n
atio
n
s
,
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
in
g
g
lo
b
al
d
em
a
n
d
f
o
r
h
alal
p
r
o
d
u
cts
an
d
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ical
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
en
h
a
n
ce
h
alal
s
u
p
p
ly
ch
ai
n
tr
an
s
p
ar
e
n
cy
a
n
d
tr
ac
ea
b
ilit
y
.
L
astl
y
,
th
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
d
is
p
ar
ity
in
r
esear
ch
co
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
b
e
y
o
n
d
th
e
t
o
p
-
r
a
n
k
ed
co
u
n
tr
ies
h
i
g
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
co
l
lab
o
r
atio
n
b
etwe
en
n
atio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
la
r
ly
th
o
s
e
with
em
er
g
in
g
h
alal
m
ar
k
ets.
T
h
e
r
elativ
ely
lo
w
p
u
b
licatio
n
o
u
tp
u
t
f
r
o
m
co
u
n
tr
ies
lik
e
I
n
d
ia,
B
r
u
n
ei,
an
d
Pak
is
t
an
—
d
esp
ite
th
eir
s
izea
b
le
M
u
s
lim
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
—
in
d
icate
s
u
n
tap
p
e
d
r
esear
ch
p
o
ten
tial.
Stre
n
g
th
e
n
in
g
c
r
o
s
s
-
b
o
r
d
e
r
ac
ad
e
m
ic
co
llab
o
r
atio
n
s
an
d
k
n
o
wled
g
e
ex
ch
a
n
g
e
b
etwe
en
co
u
n
tr
ies
with
s
tr
o
n
g
h
alal
in
d
u
s
tr
y
ec
o
s
y
s
tem
s
an
d
th
o
s
e
with
g
r
o
win
g
h
alal
m
ar
k
ets
c
o
u
ld
h
elp
b
r
id
g
e
th
is
g
ap
an
d
en
h
an
ce
g
lo
b
al
r
esear
ch
ef
f
o
r
t
s
in
th
is
f
ield
.
3
.
2
.
5
.
M
o
s
t
pro
du
ct
iv
e
ins
t
it
utio
ns
W
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
th
e
co
llecti
o
n
o
f
r
esear
ch
o
n
th
e
to
p
ic
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
war
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
”
F
ig
u
r
e
6
a
n
d
T
ab
le
5
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
t
h
e
o
r
g
an
izati
o
n
s
th
at
th
e
w
r
iter
s
ar
e
af
f
ilia
ted
with
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
th
eir
wo
r
k
.
W
h
en
it
co
m
es
to
th
e
s
u
b
ject
o
f
“
T
h
e
r
o
le
o
f
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
to
wa
r
d
s
h
alal
ce
r
tific
atio
n
,
”
th
er
e
ar
e
elev
en
af
f
iliatio
n
s
th
at
s
tan
d
o
u
t
as
h
av
in
g
th
e
g
r
ea
test
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
p
u
b
li
ca
ti
o
n
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
d
ex
ed
b
y
Sco
p
u
s
.
T
h
e
u
n
i
v
er
s
ity
th
at
h
o
ld
s
th
e
r
ec
o
r
d
f
o
r
th
e
m
o
s
t
d
o
cu
m
e
n
ts
is
Natio
n
al
Def
en
ce
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia,
wh
ich
is
lo
ca
te
d
in
Ma
lay
s
ia.
Sp
ec
if
ically
,
th
er
e
a
r
e
two
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
Natio
n
al
Def
en
ce
o
f
Ma
lay
s
ia
s
ch
o
lar
s
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
th
e
Szec
h
en
y
i
I
s
tv
an
Un
iv
er
s
ity
lo
ca
ted
in
Hu
n
g
ar
y
,
Hig
h
er
I
n
s
titu
te
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
ter
Scien
ce
lo
ca
ted
i
n
T
u
n
is
ia,
Mo
d
u
l
Un
iv
e
r
s
ity
lo
ca
ted
in
A
u
s
tr
ia,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Z
u
r
ic
h
lo
ca
te
d
in
Switzer
lan
d
,
Am
ity
Un
iv
er
s
ity
No
id
a
lo
ca
ted
in
I
n
d
ia,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
B
ar
i
Ald
o
lo
ca
ted
in
I
talia,
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Fo
g
g
ia
lo
ca
ted
in
I
talia,
U
n
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
T
u
r
in
l
o
ca
ted
in
I
talia,
an
d
State
Un
iv
er
s
ity
o
f
Ne
w
Yo
r
k
lo
ca
te
d
in
Un
ited
States
o
f
Am
er
ica,
ca
m
e
in
s
ec
o
n
d
u
n
til
ten
th
p
lace
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
,
with
a
to
tal
o
f
o
n
e
d
o
cu
m
en
ts
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
s
th
at
th
er
e
ar
e
a
lar
g
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
au
th
o
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
eig
h
t
ca
m
p
u
s
es
wh
o
s
e
r
esear
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