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how
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i
n
F
i
g
ur
e
3
[
13]
,
hi
g
hl
i
g
ht
i
ng
ke
y
G
e
nde
r
M
a
g
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
i
n
r
e
d
f
or
c
l
a
r
i
t
y
.
T
he
f
or
m
doc
u
m
e
nt
s
t
he
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
t
ha
t
r
a
i
s
e
d
c
onc
e
r
ns
,
t
he
r
e
a
s
ons
be
hi
nd
t
he
s
e
i
s
s
ue
s
(
t
hr
ou
g
h
f
r
e
e
-
f
or
m
e
xpl
a
na
t
i
ons
)
,
a
nd
t
he
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
a
s
pe
c
t
s
t
ha
t
r
e
nde
r
t
he
m
i
s
s
ue
s
of
ge
nde
r
i
nc
l
us
i
v
e
ne
s
s
(
b
y
e
nu
m
e
r
a
t
i
n
g
t
he
r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
f
a
c
e
t
s
)
[
14]
.
F
i
g
ur
e
3. C
og
ni
t
i
v
e
w
a
l
kt
hr
oug
h t
e
m
pl
a
t
e
f
or
G
e
nde
r
M
a
g
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
of
t
he
w
e
bs
i
t
e
A
f
t
e
r
t
he
3.5
-
hour
s
e
s
s
i
on, r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d i
nc
l
us
i
v
i
t
y
bu
g
s
by
r
e
v
i
e
w
i
ng i
s
s
ue
s
l
i
nke
d di
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
o
e
a
c
h
pe
r
s
ona
.
A
n
i
s
s
ue
w
a
s
m
a
r
ke
d
a
s
a
n
i
nc
l
us
i
v
i
t
y
bug
i
f
i
t
m
a
t
c
h
e
d
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
one
c
o
g
ni
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
e
t
v
a
l
ue
f
r
o
m
t
he
pe
r
s
ona
us
e
d [
15]
. F
i
ndi
ng
s
f
r
o
m
t
hi
s
s
e
s
s
i
on w
e
r
e
t
he
n us
e
d t
o de
v
e
l
op r
e
l
e
v
a
nt
s
ur
v
e
y
que
s
t
i
ons
.
2.3. S
u
r
ve
y
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
c
r
e
at
i
on
an
d
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
e
l
e
c
t
i
on
F
r
om
t
he
i
de
nt
i
f
i
e
d ke
y
i
nc
l
us
i
v
i
t
y
bu
g
s
i
n t
he
c
o
g
ni
t
i
v
e
w
a
l
kt
hr
oug
h, s
ur
v
e
y
que
s
t
i
ons
w
e
r
e
c
r
a
f
t
e
d
t
o
a
s
s
e
s
s
how
w
e
l
l
t
he
w
e
bs
i
t
e
m
e
e
t
s
t
he
s
pe
c
i
f
i
c
ne
e
ds
of
bot
h
g
e
nde
r
s
.
T
he
s
e
que
s
t
i
ons
w
e
r
e
i
nf
or
m
e
d
b
y
G
e
nde
r
M
a
g
c
og
ni
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
e
t
s
[
7]
–
m
ot
i
v
a
t
i
on,
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
,
s
e
l
f
-
e
f
f
i
c
a
c
y
,
r
i
s
k
a
v
e
r
s
i
on,
a
nd
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
–
a
nd
ke
y
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
or
s
s
uc
h
a
s
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
ne
s
s
[
16]
,
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
[
17]
,
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
on
[
16]
,
l
e
a
r
na
bi
l
i
t
y
[
16]
,
r
e
s
pons
i
v
e
ne
s
s
[
18]
,
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
[
17]
,
na
v
i
ga
t
i
on
[
19]
,
us
e
r
c
ont
r
ol
a
nd
f
r
e
e
do
m
[
20]
,
he
l
p
a
nd s
uppor
t
[
21]
, a
nd e
ng
a
g
e
m
e
nt
[
22]
, r
e
s
ul
t
i
ng
i
n 35 s
ur
v
e
y
que
s
t
i
ons
.
T
o
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
l
y
a
s
s
e
s
s
t
he
w
e
bs
i
t
e
’
s
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
on
a
br
oa
de
r
s
c
a
l
e
,
t
he
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
200
r
e
s
ponde
nt
s
,
e
v
e
nl
y
di
v
i
de
d
be
t
w
e
e
n
100
m
a
l
e
s
(
p
e
r
s
ona
“
T
i
m
”
)
a
nd
100
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
(
pe
r
s
ona
“
A
bi
”
)
,
c
ons
i
s
t
i
ng
of
f
a
c
ul
t
y
a
nd uppe
r
-
y
e
a
r
B
S
i
n
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on t
e
c
hnol
ogy
s
t
ude
nt
s
. T
he
s
e
pa
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
nt
s
c
o
m
pl
e
t
e
d t
he
s
ur
v
e
y
us
i
ng
a
3
-
poi
nt
L
i
ke
r
t
s
c
a
l
e
(
1
-
a
gr
e
e
, 2
-
n
e
ut
r
a
l
, 3
-
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
).
2.4. S
t
at
i
s
t
i
c
al
d
at
a a
n
al
ys
i
s
T
he
s
t
ud
y
e
m
pl
oy
e
d
a
n i
nde
pe
nde
nt
t
-
t
e
s
t
t
o a
na
l
yz
e
t
he
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
i
n
w
e
bs
i
t
e
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
x
pe
r
i
e
nc
e
s
be
t
w
e
e
n
m
a
l
e
a
nd
f
e
m
a
l
e
r
e
s
ponde
nt
s
,
pi
npoi
nt
i
ng
ge
nde
r
-
ba
s
e
d
di
s
pa
r
i
t
i
e
s
c
r
uc
i
a
l
f
or
c
r
a
f
t
i
n
g
m
or
e
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bl
e
a
nd
i
nc
l
us
i
v
e
w
e
b
de
s
i
g
ns
[
23]
.
T
hi
s
a
na
l
y
s
i
s
hi
g
hl
i
g
ht
s
t
he
i
m
por
t
a
nc
e
of
c
on
s
i
de
r
i
ng
ge
nde
r
i
n
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
v
a
l
ua
t
i
ons
,
a
s
s
uppor
t
e
d
by
pr
i
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
24]
.
T
he
i
nde
pe
nde
nt
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
i
n
t
he
s
t
udy
i
s
g
e
nde
r
,
w
hi
l
e
t
he
de
pe
nd
e
nt
v
a
r
i
a
bl
e
s
a
r
e
t
he
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
c
or
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
e
a
c
h
G
e
nde
r
M
a
g
c
og
ni
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
e
t
[
7]
,
w
hi
c
h
c
or
r
e
s
pond
t
o
ke
y
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
f
a
c
t
or
s
.
T
hi
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h
s
he
ds
l
i
g
ht
on
how
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ge
nde
r
s
i
nt
e
r
a
c
t
w
i
t
h
t
he
w
e
bs
i
t
e
, pr
o
v
i
di
n
g
e
s
s
e
nt
i
a
l
i
ns
i
g
ht
s
f
or
e
nha
nc
i
ng
t
he
i
nc
l
us
i
v
i
t
y
of
t
he
onl
i
ne
e
n
v
i
r
on
m
e
nt
.
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c
om
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s
of
t
he
c
og
ni
t
i
v
e
w
a
l
kt
hr
oug
h
(
s
ubs
e
c
t
i
on
3.1)
,
a
na
l
y
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i
ng
us
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de
m
o
g
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a
phi
c
s
(
s
ubs
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t
i
on
3.2)
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a
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m
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t
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p
a
c
t
of
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og
ni
t
i
v
e
f
a
c
e
t
s
on pe
r
s
ona
s
(
s
ubs
e
c
t
i
on 3.3)
.
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ogn
i
t
i
ve
w
al
k
t
h
r
ou
gh
ou
t
c
om
e
s
T
hi
s
s
e
c
t
i
on
pr
e
s
e
nt
s
t
he
r
e
s
ul
t
s
of
t
he
c
og
ni
t
i
v
e
w
a
l
kt
hr
oug
h
s
e
s
s
i
ons
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nd
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a
i
ns
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he
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e
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g
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i
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or
m
e
d t
he
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e
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op
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e
nt
of
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ur
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t
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ons
.
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b
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t
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s
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as
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i
n
d
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T
a
bl
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us
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g
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ound
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t
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l
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h
s
e
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ons
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how
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c
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e
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a
g
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a
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t
s
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m
p
a
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t
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v
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t
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o
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pe
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s
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t
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us
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ount
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t
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w
i
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i
t
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r
a
“
m
a
y
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e
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pons
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s
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i
a
t
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d
w
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t
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e
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c
h
f
a
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t
.
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bi
e
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e
d
s
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g
ni
f
i
c
a
nt
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
y
w
i
t
h s
c
a
t
t
e
r
e
d
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
, l
i
m
i
t
e
d c
our
s
e
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y
, a
nd i
ns
uf
f
i
c
i
e
nt
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ui
da
nc
e
–
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s
s
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s
pa
r
t
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c
ul
a
r
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ha
l
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or
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s
ne
e
di
ng
s
t
r
uc
t
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d,
s
uppor
t
i
v
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de
s
i
g
ns
.
T
i
m
,
on
t
he
ot
h
e
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ha
nd,
s
t
r
ug
g
l
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d
m
o
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w
i
t
h
m
i
s
s
i
ng
s
e
a
r
c
h
f
e
a
t
ur
e
s
a
nd
s
l
ow
pa
g
e
l
oa
ds
,
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
i
ng
hi
s
pr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
f
or
qui
c
k
a
nd
d
i
r
e
c
t
na
v
i
g
a
t
i
on.
T
he
s
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r
e
s
ul
t
s
c
onf
i
r
m
t
ha
t
ge
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r
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d
pe
r
s
ona
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e
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f
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l
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l
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g
ni
n
g
w
i
t
h
pr
i
or
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
[
25]
.
I
n
a
ddi
t
i
on,
t
he
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
h
i
g
hl
i
g
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t
m
os
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us
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s
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s
pr
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m
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r
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l
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a
f
f
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c
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d
A
bi
,
a
l
t
houg
h
T
i
m
a
l
s
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nc
ount
e
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d
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[
8]
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T
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bl
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1.
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e
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r
a
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R
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[
26]
c
onf
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t
ha
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or
por
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c
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4
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[
27]
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[
28]
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[
29]
,
[
30]
.
F
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g
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e
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bl
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e
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s
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t
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d
t
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s
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e
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d
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n
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nd 7%
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i
nne
r
.
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ac
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t
s
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m
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ac
t
on
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e
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s
on
a
T
he
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m
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g
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f
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F
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6
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a
l
di
s
t
i
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g
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di
f
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a
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t
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m
pa
c
t
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w
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bs
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e
r
a
c
t
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ons
.
F
i
g
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6(
a
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i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
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s
t
ha
t
bot
h
g
r
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c
l
us
t
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r
a
r
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m
od
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r
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r
a
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l
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m
ode
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o
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W
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h
[
8]
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u
gg
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t
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f
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i
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6(
b)
s
ho
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a
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ode
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e
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of
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s
k
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t
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t
e
a
dy
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a
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e
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a
w
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[
31]
,
w
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c
h
g
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ne
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l
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y
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de
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i
f
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t
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ui
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or
c
a
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ous
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s
a
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t
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t
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t
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or
m
o
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r
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s
k
-
t
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a
nt
i
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v
i
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l
s
.
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ot
a
bl
y
,
F
i
g
ur
e
6(
c
)
c
l
e
a
r
l
y
i
l
l
us
t
r
a
t
e
s
s
i
g
n
i
f
i
c
a
nt
g
e
nde
r
di
f
f
e
r
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nc
e
s
i
n
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
p
r
oc
e
s
s
i
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
.
F
e
m
a
l
e
s
s
how
a
na
r
r
o
w
e
r
a
nd
m
or
e
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
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d
di
s
t
r
i
but
i
on
a
r
ound
m
ode
r
a
t
e
-
to
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g
h
s
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or
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s
,
i
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c
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t
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a
pr
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f
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r
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nc
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f
or
s
t
r
uc
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ur
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d
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nd
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y
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t
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m
a
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w
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s
of
a
c
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s
s
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g
i
nf
or
m
a
t
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on
–
t
h
i
s
a
l
i
g
ns
w
i
t
h
t
h
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c
e
nt
f
i
ndi
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s
[
26]
t
ha
t
f
e
m
a
l
e
s
of
t
e
n
e
n
g
a
g
e
m
or
e
t
hor
ou
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di
g
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t
a
l
c
ont
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nt
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n
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ont
r
a
s
t
,
m
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di
s
pl
a
y
a
w
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de
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a
nge
of
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e
r
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f
r
o
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s
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ur
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d
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o
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l
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s
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d
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t
he
pr
e
v
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ous
r
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s
e
a
r
c
h
f
i
ndi
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s
[
32]
.
T
hi
s
di
s
t
i
nc
t
i
on
i
s
i
m
por
t
a
nt
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c
a
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d)
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[
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t
he
c
or
r
e
s
pondi
ng
a
ut
hor
,
M
.I
.M
.S
.
T
he
da
t
a
,
w
hi
c
h
c
ont
a
i
n
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
on
t
ha
t
c
oul
d
c
om
pr
o
m
i
s
e
t
he
pr
i
v
a
c
y
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pa
r
t
i
c
i
pa
nt
s
, a
r
e
not
publ
i
c
l
y
a
v
a
i
l
a
bl
e
due
t
o c
e
r
t
a
i
n r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
ons
.
R
E
F
E
R
E
N
C
E
S
[
1]
E
.
S
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B
e
l
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,
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.
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e
n
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de
z
,
a
n
d
C
.
M
.
C
e
s
t
o
n
e
,
“
C
e
n
t
e
r
f
or
t
e
a
c
h
i
ng
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
w
e
bs
i
t
e
s
a
s
onl
i
n
e
f
a
c
ul
t
y
de
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
:
a
f
r
a
m
e
w
or
k
,
”
T
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I
m
pr
ov
e
t
he
A
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ade
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de
r
M
a
g
i
m
p
r
ove
s
di
s
c
ove
r
a
bi
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d
,
e
s
pe
c
i
a
l
l
y
f
or
w
om
e
n,
”
i
n
I
C
SE
‘
24:
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
t
he
I
E
E
E
/
A
C
M
46t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Sof
t
w
a
r
e
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
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r
i
r
a
h
a
yu
a
nd
K
.
D
w
i
R
a
di
t
a
,
“
U
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
va
l
ua
t
i
o
n
f
or
c
h
i
l
d
de
ve
l
op
m
e
nt
w
e
bs
i
t
e
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ng
of
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Sc
i
e
nc
e
,
H
e
al
t
h,
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nd
T
e
c
hnol
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A
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M
uh
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a
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al
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“
E
va
l
ua
t
i
ng
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
a
c
a
de
m
i
c
w
e
bs
i
t
e
s
t
hr
ou
gh
a
f
uz
z
y
a
n
a
l
yt
i
c
a
l
h
i
e
r
a
r
c
h
i
c
a
l
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
”
Sus
t
ai
nabi
l
i
t
y
(
Sw
i
t
z
e
r
l
and)
,
vol
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[
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J
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G
.
T
e
m
pl
e
,
K
.
R
obe
r
s
o
n
,
a
n
d
P
.
N
e
z
be
dova
,
“
L
e
t
’
s
m
a
ke
t
hi
s
pe
r
s
on
a
l
:
i
m
pr
ovi
ng
t
h
e
us
e
r
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
on
s
uppor
t
por
t
a
l
s
t
hr
ou
gh
pe
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
a
t
i
o
n,
”
A
dv
an
c
e
s
i
n
I
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nt
Sy
s
t
e
m
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C
om
put
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[
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N
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L
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F
ol
a
bi
t
,
L
.
C
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J
i
t
a
,
a
n
d
T
.
J
i
t
a
,
“
I
m
pa
c
t
of
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
g
y
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
on
s
t
ude
nt
s
’
s
e
n
s
e
of
be
l
on
g
i
ng
a
n
d
w
e
l
l
-
be
i
ng:
a
s
y
s
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
,
”
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
J
our
nal
of
E
v
al
uat
i
on
and
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
i
n
E
duc
at
i
o
n
(
I
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E
R
E
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,
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r
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[
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M
.
B
ur
n
e
t
t
e
t
al
.
,
“
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
:
a
m
e
t
hod
f
or
e
va
l
ua
t
i
ng
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
’
s
g
e
n
de
r
i
n
c
l
us
i
ve
n
e
s
s
,
”
I
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
ng
w
i
t
h
C
om
put
e
r
s
,
vol
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n
o.
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pp.
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–
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2016
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w
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/
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[
8]
M
.
B
ur
n
e
t
t
,
A
.
P
e
t
e
r
s
,
C
.
H
i
l
l
,
a
n
d
N
.
E
l
a
r
i
e
f
,
“
F
i
n
di
ng
g
e
n
de
r
-
i
n
c
l
us
i
ve
n
e
s
s
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
i
s
s
ue
s
w
i
t
h
g
e
n
d
e
r
m
a
g
:
a
f
i
e
l
d
i
n
ve
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
H
um
an
F
a
c
t
or
s
i
n
C
om
put
i
ng
Sy
s
t
e
m
s
-
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
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pp.
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9
8,
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[
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D
e
ve
x
P
a
r
t
n
e
r
s
hi
p,
“
W
h
y
g
e
n
de
r
e
qua
l
i
t
y
i
n
t
e
c
hnol
o
g
y
i
s
m
o
r
e
ur
g
e
n
t
t
h
a
n
e
ve
r
,
”
D
e
v
e
x
,
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–
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[
10]
M
.
B
u
r
n
e
t
t
e
t
al
.
,
“
G
e
nde
r
bi
a
s
e
s
i
n
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
f
or
p
r
obl
e
m
-
s
ol
vi
ng,
”
2018
I
E
E
E
Sy
m
pos
i
um
o
n
V
i
s
ual
L
anguag
e
s
and
H
um
an
-
C
e
nt
r
i
c
C
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put
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V
L
/
H
C
C
)
,
pp.
2
–
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2018
,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
va
i
l
a
bl
e
:
ht
t
ps
:
/
/
w
e
b.
e
ng
r
.
or
e
g
o
n
s
t
a
t
e
.
e
du/
~
bu
r
n
e
t
t
/
R
e
pr
i
n
t
s
/
vl
h
c
c
18
-
w
o
r
ks
hopP
a
pe
r
-
pr
ob
l
e
m
S
ol
v
i
ng
.
pdf
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[
11]
H
.
C
h
a
m
,
H
.
L
e
e
,
a
n
d
I
.
M
i
g
u
nov,
“
Q
ua
s
i
-
e
x
pe
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
de
s
i
gn
s
f
or
c
a
us
a
l
i
n
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
:
a
n
ove
r
vi
e
w
,
”
A
s
i
a
P
a
c
i
f
i
c
E
du
c
at
i
o
n
R
e
v
i
e
w
,
vol
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n
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pp.
611
–
627,
2
024
,
doi
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10.
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s
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-
024
-
09
981
-
2.
[
12]
“
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
.
”
h
t
t
ps
:
/
/
g
e
n
de
r
m
a
g
.
or
g/
i
n
de
x
.
p
h
p
.
[
13]
M
.
B
ur
n
e
t
t
,
S
.
S
t
u
m
pf
,
L
.
B
e
c
k
w
i
t
h,
a
n
d
A
.
P
e
t
e
r
s
,
“
H
u
m
a
n
c
o
m
put
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
c
o
gni
t
i
ve
w
a
l
kt
h
r
ou
gh
w
i
t
h
pe
r
s
on
a
s
t
ut
or
i
a
l
.
i
n
t
h
e
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
ki
t
:
h
o
w
t
o
us
e
t
h
e
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
m
e
t
h
o
d
t
o
f
i
nd
i
n
c
l
us
i
ve
n
e
s
s
i
s
s
ue
s
t
h
r
ou
gh
a
g
e
n
de
r
l
e
n
s
,
”
T
he
U
n
i
ve
r
s
i
t
y
o
f
E
di
n
bu
r
gh
,
2016.
[
14]
C
.
H
i
l
l
,
S
.
E
r
n
s
t
,
A
.
O
l
e
s
on
,
A
.
H
or
va
t
h,
a
n
d
M
.
B
u
r
n
e
t
t
,
“
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
t
h
e
f
i
e
l
d:
t
h
e
w
h
ol
e
,
t
he
pa
r
t
s
,
a
n
d
t
he
w
o
r
kl
oa
d,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
n
gs
of
I
E
E
E
Sy
m
pos
i
um
on
V
i
s
ual
L
anguage
s
and
H
um
an
-
C
e
nt
r
i
c
C
om
put
i
ng,
V
L
/
H
C
C
,
vol
.
2016
-
N
ove
m
be
r
,
pp.
199
–
207
,
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doi
:
10.
1109/
V
L
H
C
C
.
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7739685.
[
15]
C
.
H
i
l
de
r
br
a
n
d
e
t
al
.
,
“
E
ngi
n
e
e
r
i
ng
g
e
n
de
r
-
i
n
c
l
us
i
vi
t
y
i
n
t
o
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
:
t
e
n
t
e
a
m
s
’
t
a
l
e
s
f
r
om
t
h
e
t
r
e
n
c
h
e
s
,
”
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
-
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
Sof
t
w
ar
e
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
,
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2020,
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:
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[
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F
.
A
.
S
a
l
m
a
n
a
n
d
A
.
D
e
r
a
m
a
n,
“
A
m
ode
l
f
o
r
i
n
c
or
p
or
a
t
i
ng
s
ui
t
a
bl
e
m
e
t
hods
of
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
va
l
ua
t
i
o
n
i
nt
o
a
g
i
l
e
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
de
ve
l
op
m
e
n
t
,
”
B
u
l
l
e
t
i
n
of
E
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
al
E
ngi
ne
e
r
i
ng
and
I
nf
or
m
at
i
c
s
(
B
E
E
I
)
,
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no.
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–
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:
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e
e
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6.
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[
17]
N
.
B
e
va
n
a
n
d
H
.
P
e
t
r
i
e
,
“
T
h
e
e
va
l
ua
t
i
o
n
of
a
c
c
e
s
s
i
bi
l
i
t
y,
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
a
n
d
us
e
r
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
”
T
he
U
ni
v
e
r
s
al
A
c
c
e
s
s
H
andbook
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[
18]
I
xD
F
,
“
W
h
a
t
i
s
r
e
s
pon
s
i
ve
de
s
i
gn
?
,
”
T
he
I
nt
e
r
ac
t
i
on
D
e
s
i
gn
F
oundat
i
on
,
2016.
ht
t
ps
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n
-
de
s
i
gn
.
or
g
/
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
/
t
opi
c
s
/
r
e
s
po
n
s
i
ve
-
de
s
i
gn
(
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
F
e
b.
17,
2025)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
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.
3
9
, N
o.
2
,
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ug
us
t
20
25
:
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1004
[
19]
D
i
r
o
x
,
“
I
m
pa
c
t
of
w
e
bs
i
t
e
n
a
vi
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
n
us
e
r
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
,
”
D
i
r
ox
,
2023.
h
t
t
ps
:
/
/
di
r
o
x
.
c
o
m
/
pos
t
/
t
h
e
-
i
m
pa
c
t
-
of
-
g
ood
-
n
a
vi
g
a
t
i
o
n
-
on
-
us
e
r
-
e
x
pe
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
a
c
c
e
s
s
e
d
O
c
t
.
31,
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[
20]
H
.
W
.
A
l
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m
a
r
i
,
V
.
R
a
m
a
s
a
m
y,
J
.
D
.
K
i
pe
r
,
a
nd
G
.
P
ot
vi
n
,
“
A
us
e
r
i
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
(
U
I
)
a
n
d
us
e
r
e
xpe
r
i
e
n
c
e
(
U
X
)
e
va
l
ua
t
i
o
n
f
r
a
m
e
w
o
r
k
f
or
c
ybe
r
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
e
n
v
i
r
o
nm
e
nt
s
i
n
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
c
i
e
n
c
e
a
n
d
s
of
t
w
a
r
e
e
ng
i
n
e
e
r
i
ng
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n,
”
H
e
l
i
y
on
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vol
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K
e
n
dr
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c
k
,
“
H
e
l
p
a
n
d
doc
u
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
U
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
H
e
ur
i
s
t
i
c
#10
)
,
”
N
i
e
l
s
e
n
N
or
m
an
G
r
oup
,
2020
,
[
O
nl
i
n
e
]
.
A
va
i
l
a
b
l
e
:
h
t
t
ps
:
/
/
w
w
w
.
nng
r
oup.
c
o
m
/
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
s
/
h
e
l
p
-
a
nd
-
doc
u
m
e
nt
a
t
i
o
n
/
.
[
22]
H
.
O
’
B
r
i
e
n,
“
T
h
e
or
e
t
i
c
a
l
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
on
us
e
r
e
ng
a
g
e
m
e
n
t
,
”
W
hy
E
nga
ge
m
e
nt
M
at
t
e
r
s
:
C
r
os
s
-
D
i
s
c
i
pl
i
n
ar
y
P
e
r
s
pe
c
t
i
v
e
s
of
U
s
e
r
E
ngage
m
e
nt
i
n
D
i
gi
t
al
M
e
d
i
a
,
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A
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Q
a
z
i
e
t
al
.
,
“
G
e
n
de
r
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
i
nf
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
ni
c
a
t
i
o
n
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
gy
us
e
&
s
ki
l
l
s
:
a
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
a
n
d
m
e
t
a
-
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
,
”
E
du
c
at
i
on
and
I
nf
or
m
at
i
on
T
e
c
hno
l
ogi
e
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B
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S
u
n
,
H
.
M
a
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a
n
d
C
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Y
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n,
“
M
a
l
e
a
n
d
f
e
m
a
l
e
us
e
r
s
’
di
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
s
i
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
c
o
m
m
u
ni
t
y
ba
s
e
d
on
t
e
x
t
m
i
ni
ng
,
”
F
r
ont
i
e
r
s
i
n
P
s
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S
h
e
kh
a
r
a
n
d
N
.
M
a
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de
n
,
“
C
o
gn
i
t
i
ve
w
a
l
kt
hr
ou
gh
o
f
a
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
m
a
n
a
g
e
m
e
nt
s
ys
t
e
m
w
i
t
h
g
e
nde
r
e
d
pe
r
s
on
a
s
,
”
A
C
M
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
P
r
oc
e
e
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ng
Se
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n
i
,
L
.
L
e
t
a
w
,
M
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B
ur
n
e
t
t
,
a
n
d
A
.
S
a
r
m
a
,
“
G
e
n
de
r
I
n
c
l
us
i
vi
t
y
a
s
a
qua
l
i
t
y
r
e
qui
r
e
m
e
n
t
:
pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
s
a
n
d
pi
t
f
a
l
l
s
,
”
I
E
E
E
Sof
t
w
ar
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K
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hn
i
r
uk
a
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d
V
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L
.
P
a
t
e
l
,
“
C
o
gn
i
t
i
ve
a
n
d
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
ngi
n
e
e
r
i
ng
m
e
t
h
ods
f
or
t
h
e
e
va
l
ua
t
i
on
of
c
l
i
n
i
c
a
l
i
n
f
or
m
a
t
i
o
n
s
ys
t
e
m
s
,
”
J
our
nal
of
B
i
om
e
di
c
al
I
nf
or
m
at
i
c
s
,
vol
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n
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N
.
I
.
S
i
t
l
o
ng,
A
.
E
.
E
v
w
i
e
kpa
e
f
e
,
a
n
d
M
.
E
.
I
r
h
e
b
h
ude
,
“
A
c
o
m
pa
r
a
t
i
ve
a
n
a
l
ys
i
s
of
w
e
bs
i
t
e
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
va
l
ua
t
i
on
t
e
c
hn
i
q
ue
s
,
”
W
or
l
d
J
our
nal
of
I
nnov
at
i
v
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
vol
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P
.
W
e
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c
h
br
ot
h,
“
U
s
a
bi
l
i
t
y
of
m
obi
l
e
a
ppl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
:
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s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
l
i
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
s
t
udy
,
”
I
E
E
E
A
c
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e
s
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,
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P
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V
l
a
c
h
o
gi
a
nn
i
a
n
d
N
.
T
s
e
l
i
os
,
“
P
e
r
c
e
i
ve
d
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
e
va
l
ua
t
i
on
of
e
duc
a
t
i
on
a
l
t
e
c
hnol
o
g
y
us
i
ng
t
h
e
pos
t
-
s
t
udy
s
ys
t
e
m
us
a
bi
l
i
t
y
que
s
t
i
onn
a
i
r
e
(
P
S
S
U
Q
)
:
a
s
ys
t
e
m
a
t
i
c
r
e
vi
e
w
,
”
Sus
t
ai
nabi
l
i
t
y
(
Sw
i
t
z
e
r
l
and)
,
vol
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M
e
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de
z
,
L
.
L
e
t
a
w
,
M
.
B
ur
n
e
t
t
,
S
.
S
t
u
m
p
f
,
A
.
S
a
r
m
a
,
a
n
d
C
.
H
i
l
de
r
br
a
n
d
,
“
F
r
o
m
G
e
n
de
r
M
a
g
t
o
I
n
c
l
us
i
ve
M
a
g
:
a
n
i
n
c
l
us
i
ve
de
s
i
gn
m
e
t
a
-
m
e
t
h
od
,
”
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ngs
of
I
E
E
E
Sy
m
pos
i
um
on
V
i
s
ual
L
anguage
s
and
H
um
a
n
-
C
e
nt
r
i
c
C
om
p
ut
i
ng,
V
L
/
H
C
C
,
vol
.
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19
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O
c
t
obe
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[
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Z
.
S
t
e
i
n
e
-
H
a
n
s
on
e
t
al
.
,
“
F
i
x
i
ng
i
n
c
l
us
i
v
i
t
y
bu
g
s
f
or
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
s
t
yl
e
s
a
n
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
ng
s
t
yl
e
s
,
”
ar
X
i
v
,
201
9.
[
33]
C
.
H
u,
C
.
P
e
r
dr
i
a
u
,
C
.
J
.
M
e
n
de
z
,
C
.
G
a
o,
A
.
F
a
l
l
a
t
a
h,
a
n
d
M
.
B
u
r
n
e
t
t
,
“
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ow
a
r
d
a
s
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i
oe
c
on
o
m
i
c
-
a
w
a
r
e
H
C
I
:
f
i
v
e
f
a
c
e
t
s
,
”
C
oR
R
,
vol
.
a
bs
/
2108.
13477,
2021,
[
O
n
l
i
n
e
]
.
A
va
i
l
a
bl
e
:
h
t
t
ps
:
/
/
a
r
x
i
v.
or
g/
a
bs
/
2108.
13477.
[
34]
M
.
B
u
r
n
e
t
t
,
“
D
o
i
ng
i
n
c
l
us
i
ve
de
s
i
gn,
”
i
n
P
r
o
c
e
e
di
ngs
of
I
nt
e
r
nat
i
onal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
A
dv
an
c
e
d
V
i
s
ual
I
n
t
e
r
f
a
c
e
s
(
A
V
I
’
2
0)
,
2020
,
pp.
1
–
6,
doi
:
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3399715.
3400871.
B
I
O
G
R
A
P
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