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Science
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l.
3
9
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2
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A
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cs.ia
esco
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Clustering
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dense
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in
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R
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2
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R
ev
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Mar
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Mar
26
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2
0
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5
De
v
ice
-
to
-
d
e
v
ice
(D2
D)
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
fi
g
u
ra
b
le
i
n
telli
g
e
n
t
su
rfa
c
e
(RIS
)
a
re
we
ll
-
k
n
o
wn
a
s
two
p
r
o
m
isin
g
tec
h
n
o
l
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ies
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r
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x
t
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e
ra
ti
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c
e
ll
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lar co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
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k
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D u
se
rs o
p
e
ra
te o
n
th
e
sa
m
e
sp
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c
tru
m
a
s
trad
it
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o
n
a
l
c
e
ll
u
lar
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se
rs,
p
o
ten
ti
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ll
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d
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to
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c
re
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se
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terfe
re
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e
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n
d
re
d
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c
e
d
e
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n
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y
i
n
fre
q
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e
n
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y
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rc
e
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s
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g
e
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ro
v
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s
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re
m
e
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y
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c
lea
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g
b
lo
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k
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d
sig
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o
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b
stru
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s
b
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flec
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sire
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sig
n
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ls
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e
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ly
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ls b
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p
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c
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e
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o
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f
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r
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e
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ip
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e
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l
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s
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a
0
.
7
2
d
B
in
c
re
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se
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sig
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p
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ra
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INR),
e
n
h
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n
c
e
s
th
ro
u
g
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p
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t
to
1
1
.
2
5
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b
p
s,
a
n
d
r
e
d
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t
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ip
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e
n
t
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c
to
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l
q
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li
ty
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e
v
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n
with
th
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se
n
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e
o
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th
e
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e
ll
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lar
n
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two
rk
.
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r
c
lu
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ri
n
g
a
lg
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m
is
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sib
le
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e
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d
e
n
se
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y
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S
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e
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e
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k
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t
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n
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ti
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g
CUE
p
e
rfo
rm
a
n
c
e
.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
lu
s
ter
in
g
D2
D
-
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
Do
wn
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
In
-
b
an
d
u
n
d
er
lay
Mu
lticellu
lar
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
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ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
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e
CC B
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SA
li
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C
o
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r
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p
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A
uth
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r
:
Misfa
Su
s
an
to
Dep
ar
tm
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t o
f
E
lectr
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E
n
g
i
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Facu
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o
f
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in
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Un
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s
ity
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f
L
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p
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B
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ar
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I
n
d
o
n
esia
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m
ail: m
is
f
a@
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.
u
n
ila.
ac
.
id
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
m
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t
th
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in
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r
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s
in
g
d
em
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d
f
o
r
h
ig
h
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ata
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ates,
r
esear
ch
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s
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in
d
u
s
tr
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o
f
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als,
an
d
ex
p
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ts
ac
r
o
s
s
v
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s
f
ield
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
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in
g
i
n
n
o
v
ativ
e
co
n
ce
p
ts
th
at
co
u
ld
r
e
v
o
lu
tio
n
ize
m
o
b
ile
ce
llu
lar
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
D
ev
ice
-
to
-
d
e
v
ice
(
D2
D)
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
b
ec
o
m
e
wh
at
is
id
en
tifi
ed
as
a
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
s
tr
ateg
y
in
th
is
r
eg
a
r
d
[
1
]
.
T
h
is
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
en
ab
les
m
o
b
i
le
d
ev
ices
to
co
n
n
ec
t
d
ir
ec
tl
y
with
ea
c
h
o
th
er
,
r
em
o
v
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
[
2
]
.
Or
ig
in
ally
in
ten
d
ed
f
o
r
p
u
b
lic
s
af
ety
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
h
as
r
ap
id
ly
b
r
o
ad
e
n
ed
t
o
en
c
o
m
p
ass
a
r
an
g
e
o
f
u
s
er
-
a
n
d
n
etwo
r
k
-
r
elate
d
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
s
o
cial
n
etwo
r
k
in
g
a
n
d
d
ata
o
f
f
lo
ad
in
g
.
R
ec
en
tly
,
th
er
e
h
as b
ee
n
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial in
c
r
ea
s
e
o
f
in
ter
est f
o
r
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
in
b
o
t
h
a
ca
d
em
ic
an
d
c
o
m
m
er
cial
s
ec
t
o
r
s
[
3
]
.
Dev
ice
-
to
-
d
ev
ice
(
D2
D)
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
en
a
b
le
two
n
ea
r
b
y
u
s
er
s
to
c
o
m
m
u
n
icate
d
ir
ec
t
ly
with
o
u
t
g
o
in
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
(
B
S),
m
ak
in
g
it
as
a
p
r
o
m
i
s
in
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
m
a
x
im
izin
g
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
lim
ited
f
r
eq
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e
n
cy
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
I
n
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
at
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
D
2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
,
two
o
p
e
r
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al
m
o
d
es
ar
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
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2
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4
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2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
927
-
9
4
0
928
estab
lis
h
ed
.
D2
D
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
DUE
)
ca
n
co
m
m
u
n
icat
e
with
ea
ch
o
th
er
s
im
ilar
ly
t
o
h
o
w
ce
llu
lar
u
s
er
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
(
C
UE
)
in
ter
ac
ts
with
th
e
b
ase
s
tatio
n
.
Ad
d
it
io
n
ally
,
DUE
s
ca
n
co
m
m
u
n
i
ca
te
d
ir
ec
tly
wh
ile
r
em
ain
in
g
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
th
e
B
S
[
4
]
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
D2
D
co
u
ld
m
itig
ate
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
d
ela
y
s
,
allev
iate
tr
af
f
ic
co
n
g
esti
o
n
in
ce
llu
la
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
lo
wer
en
d
-
to
-
en
d
late
n
cy
,
a
n
d
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
ca
n
r
eu
s
e
th
e
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
ass
ig
n
ed
to
C
UE
s
,
en
ab
lin
g
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
s
p
ec
tr
al
u
s
ag
e
an
d
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
n
etwo
r
k
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
[
6
]
.
DUE
s
ca
n
ac
ce
s
s
th
is
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
eith
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
a
d
ed
icate
d
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
i.e
.
,
o
v
e
r
lay
o
r
a
s
h
ar
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
i.e
.
,
u
n
d
er
lay
,
with
D2
D
in
te
r
ac
tio
n
s
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
with
in
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
allo
ca
ted
to
ce
llu
lar
o
p
er
ato
r
s
.
A
m
ajo
r
ch
allen
g
e
with
in
-
b
an
d
u
n
d
er
la
y
is
m
an
ag
in
g
co
-
ch
an
n
el
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
,
w
h
ich
ar
is
es
f
r
o
m
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
tr
a
n
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
in
b
o
th
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
an
d
D
2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
W
h
e
n
D2
D
d
ev
ices
o
p
er
ate
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
c
ellu
lar
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
at
th
e
s
am
e
t
im
e,
it
ca
n
lead
t
o
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
m
u
ltiu
s
er
in
ter
f
e
r
e
n
ce
,
d
estru
ctiv
ely
im
p
ac
tin
g
b
o
th
D2
D
a
n
d
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
d
u
e
t
o
in
ter
ce
ll
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
(
I
C
I
)
[
2
]
,
[
7
]
.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
D2
D
ca
n
also
u
s
e
an
in
-
b
an
d
o
v
er
la
y
,
wh
ich
d
iv
id
es
th
e
ce
llu
lar
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
b
etwe
en
D2
D
a
n
d
ce
llu
lar
u
s
er
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
less
ef
f
icien
t c
h
an
n
el
u
s
ag
e
[
7
]
.
On
th
e
o
th
er
h
an
d
,
am
o
n
g
t
h
e
em
er
g
in
g
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
cu
r
r
en
tly
u
n
d
er
r
esear
ch
,
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
le
in
tellig
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
es
(
R
I
Ss
)
ar
e
b
ec
o
m
i
n
g
a
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
s
o
lu
ti
o
n
f
o
r
cr
ea
tin
g
in
tellig
en
t
an
d
ad
ap
tab
le
wir
eless
ch
an
n
el
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
.
An
R
I
S
g
en
er
ally
co
n
s
is
t
s
o
f
a
f
lat
s
u
r
f
ac
e
co
v
er
ed
with
m
an
y
p
ass
iv
e
r
ef
lectin
g
elem
en
ts
,
ea
c
h
o
f
w
h
ich
ca
n
i
n
d
ep
e
n
d
en
tly
m
o
d
i
f
y
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
an
d
/o
r
p
h
ase
o
f
in
co
m
in
g
s
ig
n
als
[
8
]
.
T
h
ese
s
u
r
f
ac
es
ca
n
b
e
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
e
d
to
cu
s
to
m
ize
th
e
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
m
ag
n
et
ic
f
ield
.
E
ac
h
R
I
S
u
n
it
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
r
ef
lectiv
e
ar
r
a
y
s
th
at
u
tili
ze
v
ar
ac
to
r
d
io
d
es
o
r
s
im
ilar
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
to
m
an
ag
e
th
e
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
[
9
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
d
ep
ic
ts
a
ty
p
ical
R
I
S
u
s
e
ca
s
e.
W
h
en
a
u
s
er
tr
ies
to
r
ec
ei
v
e
a
d
i
r
ec
t
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
an
ev
o
lv
ed
N
o
d
eB
(
E
No
d
eB)
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
b
ase
s
tatio
n
b
u
t
en
co
u
n
ter
s
o
b
s
tacle
s
,
th
e
R
I
S
ca
n
o
f
f
er
s
u
p
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
is
allo
ws
th
e
u
s
er
to
r
ec
eiv
e
t
wo
co
n
s
tr
u
ctiv
e
s
ig
n
als:
o
n
e
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
No
d
eB an
d
an
o
th
er
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
r
ef
lecte
d
b
y
th
e
R
I
S.
R
I
S
p
r
o
v
id
es
s
ev
er
al
b
en
e
f
its
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
elay
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
lo
wer
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
,
r
ed
u
ce
d
co
s
ts
,
an
d
th
e
p
o
te
n
tial
f
o
r
h
ig
h
er
d
ata
r
ates
[
1
0
]
,
[
1
1
]
.
T
h
is
is
ac
h
ie
v
e
d
b
ec
a
u
s
e
p
r
in
te
d
m
etam
ater
ials
elim
in
ate
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
am
p
lifie
r
s
,
r
ely
i
n
g
o
n
l
y
o
n
p
o
wer
d
is
s
ip
atio
n
with
in
th
e
r
ec
o
n
f
ig
u
r
ab
l
e
h
ar
d
war
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
a
lim
itatio
n
o
f
R
I
S
is
its
r
estricte
d
s
ig
n
al
r
a
n
g
e
d
u
e
to
th
e
lac
k
o
f
am
p
lific
atio
n
[
1
2
]
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
R
I
S
is
ea
s
y
to
i
n
s
tall
an
d
ca
n
b
e
m
ad
e
f
r
o
m
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
tally
f
r
ien
d
ly
m
at
er
ials
.
I
ts
lo
w
co
s
t
allo
ws
it
to
b
e
d
ep
lo
y
ed
o
n
v
a
r
io
u
s
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es,
s
u
ch
as
in
d
o
o
r
walls,
r
o
ad
s
id
e
b
illb
o
ar
d
s
,
ae
r
ial
p
latf
o
r
m
s
,
an
d
h
ig
h
way
p
o
les [
1
3
]
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
R
I
S
to
a
D2
D
-
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
wir
eless
n
et
wo
r
k
,
it
ca
n
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
to
r
ec
eiv
er
s
.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
with
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
R
I
S
a
n
d
DUE
s
in
wh
ich
ar
e
d
is
p
er
s
ed
ac
r
o
s
s
m
u
lti
-
ce
ll
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
b
ec
o
m
es
an
is
s
u
e
an
d
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lic
ated
,
esp
ec
ially
d
u
r
in
g
d
o
wn
li
n
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
o
f
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
wh
e
n
E
N
o
d
eB
as
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
to
C
UE
as
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
)
.
T
h
e
E
No
d
eB
an
d
o
t
h
er
DUE
s
tr
a
n
s
m
itter
s
will
ca
u
s
e
q
u
ite
s
lig
h
t
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
f
o
r
DUE
s
a
n
d
C
U
E
s
.
Usi
n
g
in
-
b
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
lay
p
r
esen
ts
a
ch
allen
g
e
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
etw
ee
n
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
.
As
th
e
R
I
S
elem
en
t
r
ef
lects
th
e
d
esire
d
s
ig
n
al
w
h
ile
also
p
r
o
v
id
in
g
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
ig
n
als
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
tr
an
s
m
itter
s
,
its
p
r
e
s
en
ce
ca
n
lead
t
o
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
an
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
iate
clu
s
ter
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
a
p
p
lied
to
D
UE
s
in
o
r
d
er
to
r
ed
u
ce
co
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
s
ev
er
al
well
-
k
n
o
wn
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
in
clu
d
i
n
g
th
e
k
-
m
ea
n
s
clu
s
ter
in
g
[
1
4
]
an
d
Po
is
s
o
n
clu
s
ter
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
1
5
]
an
d
,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
with
ce
r
tain
o
p
ti
m
izatio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
6
]
to
p
r
o
d
u
ce
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate
d
ata
g
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
u
s
ed
in
t
h
is
r
esear
ch
ca
n
b
e
a
p
p
lied
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
an
d
is
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
f
o
r
D2
D
-
b
ased
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
R
I
S o
n
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
C
lu
s
teri
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
d
en
s
e
D2
D
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
in
R
I
S
-
a
id
ed
…
(
Mis
fa
S
u
s
a
n
to
)
929
T
an
g
et
a
l.
[
1
5
]
s
u
g
g
ests
th
e
s
ch
em
es
o
f
p
o
wer
allo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
with
th
e
Po
is
s
o
n
clu
s
ter
ed
in
o
u
t
b
an
d
D2
D
n
etwo
r
k
u
s
in
g
th
e
j
o
in
t
co
v
er
ag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
f
o
r
d
is
tr
ib
u
tin
g
th
e
tr
a
n
s
m
it
p
o
wer
to
DUE
s
in
b
o
t
h
th
e
tar
g
et
clu
s
ter
an
d
th
e
e
n
tire
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
f
in
d
in
g
s
p
r
o
v
e
th
at,
as
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
T
E
o
p
e
n
lo
o
p
a
n
d
f
ix
ed
p
o
wer
s
ch
em
es,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
m
eth
o
d
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
m
ax
im
ized
co
m
b
in
ed
co
v
e
r
a
g
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
a
n
d
p
o
wer
u
s
ag
e.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
1
7
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
u
s
er
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
f
o
r
D2
D
u
s
er
s
b
y
ch
o
o
s
in
g
a
clu
s
ter
h
ea
d
(
C
H)
th
at
m
ay
f
u
lf
ill
co
n
ten
t
r
eq
u
e
s
ts
(
C
R
)
a
s
a
D2
D
r
ec
eiv
er
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
T
h
e
C
H
s
elec
tio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
s
es
s
o
cial
m
ax
im
u
m
weig
h
t
(
SMW
)
in
s
elec
tin
g
C
Hs
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
i
tial
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
er
ch
o
s
en
as
a
C
H
m
u
s
t
f
ir
s
t
b
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
an
d
h
a
v
e
a
h
ig
h
-
q
u
ality
lin
k
b
etwe
en
its
o
wn
an
d
th
e
B
S,
s
o
th
at
th
e
B
S c
an
ef
f
icien
tly
p
r
o
v
id
e
th
e
d
esire
d
co
n
te
n
t a
n
d
s
er
v
e
as m
an
y
C
R
s
as
p
o
s
s
ib
le
v
ia
th
e
D2
D
lin
k
at
th
e
lo
west
p
o
s
s
ib
le
co
s
t
.
A
s
lam
et
a
l.
[
1
8
]
ev
o
lv
es
a
m
a
ch
in
e
lear
n
i
n
g
(
ML
)
s
tr
ateg
y
f
o
r
ca
teg
o
r
izin
g
u
s
e
r
s
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
th
at
co
u
ld
co
m
m
u
n
icate
v
ia
u
s
er
D2
D
c
lu
s
ter
in
g
o
r
r
ec
eiv
e
s
er
v
ices
d
ir
ec
tly
f
r
o
m
th
e
E
N
o
d
eB.
C
er
tain
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
r
o
m
u
s
er
s
,
s
u
ch
as
p
o
s
itio
n
o
r
d
is
tan
ce
an
d
c
h
an
n
el
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
ar
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
t
o
cr
ea
te
a
clu
s
ter
an
d
ca
n
b
e
co
ll
ec
ted
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
D2
D
d
is
co
v
er
y
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
ich
o
cc
u
r
s
p
r
io
r
to
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
.
T
h
e
f
i
n
d
in
g
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
at
in
tr
o
d
u
cin
g
u
s
er
s
eg
r
eg
ati
o
n
co
u
l
d
r
esu
lt
in
s
ig
n
if
ican
t g
ain
s
in
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
,
en
er
g
y
u
s
ag
e,
a
n
d
f
ai
r
n
ess
.
So
laim
an
et
a
l.
[
1
9
]
in
itiates
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
in
a
m
m
W
av
e
-
b
ased
d
o
wn
lin
k
MI
MO
-
NOM
A
(
m
u
ltip
le
in
p
u
t
m
u
ltip
le
o
u
tp
u
t
-
n
o
n
-
o
r
th
o
g
o
n
al
m
u
ltip
le
ac
ce
s
s
)
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
,
wh
ich
h
as
b
ee
n
d
iv
id
ed
in
to
th
r
ee
s
u
b
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
,
th
ese
ar
e
u
s
er
clu
s
ter
in
g
,
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
d
esig
n
,
a
n
d
p
o
wer
allo
ca
tio
n
.
C
UE
s
ar
e
o
r
g
an
ized
in
to
clu
s
ter
s
,
an
d
MI
MO
-
NOM
A
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
tr
an
s
m
itted
to
th
em
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
D2
D
p
air
clu
s
ter
s
ar
e
ass
ig
n
ed
to
C
UE
clu
s
ter
s
,
allo
win
g
D2
D
p
air
s
to
r
e
u
s
e
m
m
W
av
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
b
lo
ck
s
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
o
cc
u
p
ied
b
y
C
UE
s
in
a
p
ar
ticu
lar
clu
s
te
r
.
T
h
e
id
ea
f
o
r
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
ca
n
s
tr
en
g
th
en
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
'
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
e
n
er
g
y
ef
f
icien
c
y
wh
ile
also
en
s
u
r
in
g
Qo
S
f
o
r
b
o
t
h
C
UE
s
an
d
D2
D
p
air
s
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
i
n
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
g
u
ar
d
i
n
g
in
t
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
co
v
er
a
g
e.
L
y
u
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
ex
p
l
o
r
ed
two
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
in
th
is
n
etwo
r
k
,
w
h
ich
ar
e
s
in
g
le
D2
D
p
air
s
an
d
m
u
ltip
le
D2
D
p
ai
r
s
.
I
n
th
e
s
in
g
le
D2
D
p
air
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
o
n
ly
o
n
e
D2
D
p
air
is
p
r
esen
t
p
er
ce
ll,
wh
ic
h
r
ed
u
ce
s
th
e
r
ed
u
n
d
an
t
r
ate
in
th
e
co
d
in
g
s
ch
em
e.
C
o
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
m
u
ltip
le
D2
D
p
air
s
s
ce
n
ar
io
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
s
ch
em
e
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
D2
D
p
air
s
p
er
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
clu
s
ter
s
,
m
ax
im
izin
g
s
p
atial
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
p
r
o
v
id
i
n
g
a
h
ig
h
e
r
m
ax
i
m
u
m
s
p
atial
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
Fo
r
b
o
th
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
t
h
e
s
ch
em
e
ca
lcu
lated
v
ar
io
u
s
o
u
t
ag
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
f
o
r
C
UE
an
d
DUE
,
alo
n
g
with
n
etwo
r
k
'
s
s
p
atial
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
B
u
zz
i
et
a
l.
[
2
1
]
o
f
f
er
s
an
alg
o
r
ith
m
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
th
e
m
o
b
ile
u
s
er
-
to
-
R
I
S
an
d
R
I
S
-
to
-
BS
ch
an
n
el
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
d
ep
en
d
e
n
tly
.
T
h
e
SNR
o
f
a
s
in
g
le
-
u
s
er
s
y
s
te
m
is
en
h
an
ce
d
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
b
ase
s
tat
io
n
'
s
(
B
S
)
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
er
a
n
d
R
I
S
p
h
ase
s
h
if
ts
.
I
n
a
m
u
lti
-
u
s
er
,
two
-
c
ell
s
y
s
tem
,
g
r
ad
ie
n
t
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
an
d
alter
n
atin
g
m
ax
im
izatio
n
m
et
h
o
d
s
a
r
e
u
s
ed
to
o
p
tim
ize
d
o
wn
lin
k
s
ig
n
al
-
to
-
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
-
p
lu
s
-
n
o
is
e
r
atio
(
SIN
R
)
in
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
with
B
S
tr
an
s
m
i
t
p
o
wer
s
an
d
R
I
S
p
h
ase
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
R
I
S
is
lo
ca
ted
at
th
e
ce
ll
ed
g
e,
allo
win
g
s
o
m
e
u
s
er
s
to
b
e
s
er
v
ed
jo
in
tly
b
y
two
B
Ss
,
h
en
ce
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
er
ica
l
r
esu
lts
in
d
icate
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
R
I
S
an
d
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
s
ig
n
if
ican
tl
y
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
Yan
g
et
a
l.
[
2
2
]
s
ea
r
ch
es
to
war
d
a
R
I
S
-
en
ab
le
d
u
n
d
e
r
lay
in
g
D2
D
c
o
m
m
u
n
ic
atio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
p
r
o
b
lem
to
m
ax
im
ize
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
'
s
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
f
o
r
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
.
T
h
is
i
s
ac
co
m
p
lis
h
ed
b
y
o
p
tim
iz
in
g
th
e
r
eso
u
r
ce
r
e
u
s
e
in
d
icat
o
r
s
,
tr
an
s
m
it
p
o
wer
,
a
n
d
t
h
e
R
I
S'
s
p
ass
iv
e
b
ea
m
f
o
r
m
in
g
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ly
,
wh
ile
k
ee
p
in
g
th
e
SIN
R
to
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
in
t
h
o
u
g
h
ts
.
Nu
m
er
ical
r
esu
lts
r
ev
ea
l
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
d
esig
n
o
u
tp
er
f
o
r
m
s
tr
a
d
itio
n
al
s
y
s
tem
s
with
o
u
t
R
I
S
in
ter
m
s
o
f
b
o
th
s
p
ec
tr
al
an
d
en
e
r
g
y
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
d
esig
n
r
esu
lts
in
o
n
ly
a
m
in
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
d
eg
r
a
d
atio
n
wh
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
est
-
ac
h
iev
a
b
le
r
esu
lts
u
n
d
er
i
d
ea
l
u
s
er
p
air
in
g
.
Ku
m
ar
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
NOM
A
-
b
ased
m
u
lti
-
r
ec
eiv
e
d
iv
e
r
s
it
y
n
etwo
r
k
(
MRDN)
m
o
d
el
ap
p
ea
r
s
a
t
o
u
tag
e
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
n
R
ician
f
ad
in
g
c
h
an
n
els.
T
o
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
ac
tical
ap
p
licab
ilit
y
,
t
h
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
im
p
er
f
ec
t
s
u
cc
ess
iv
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
n
ce
llatio
n
(
SIC)
is
e
x
p
lo
r
e
d
,
as
it
p
lay
s
a
s
u
b
s
tan
tial
p
a
r
t
in
NOM
A
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
e
l
in
v
esti
g
ates
b
o
th
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
n
o
n
-
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
NL
o
S)
a
n
d
lin
e
-
of
-
s
ig
h
t
(
L
o
S)
co
n
d
itio
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
MRDN.
T
o
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
u
s
er
e
x
p
er
ie
n
ce
,
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
in
clu
d
es
m
u
lti
p
le
R
I
Ss
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
R
I
S
elem
en
ts
h
as
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
ac
t o
n
th
e
MRDN
's p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
As
a
r
esu
lt,
th
is
p
ap
er
p
r
o
p
o
s
es
a
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
g
r
o
u
p
s
DUE
s
b
ased
o
n
th
e
d
i
s
tan
ce
an
d
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
c
h
an
n
els
b
ased
o
n
t
h
eir
p
r
o
x
im
ity
,
aim
in
g
to
m
in
i
m
ize
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
D
UE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
th
at
o
p
er
ate
o
n
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
ch
an
n
el
.
W
e
ap
p
ly
u
n
d
er
l
ay
D2
D
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
th
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
c
h
an
n
e
l
ef
f
icien
cy
wh
ic
h
is
b
etter
t
h
a
n
o
v
e
r
lay
D2
D.
R
I
S
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
is
p
lace
d
at
th
e
ed
g
e
o
f
a
m
icr
o
ce
llu
lar
m
o
d
el
b
ased
o
n
a
two
-
r
ay
m
o
d
el
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
r
ef
lectin
g
s
ig
n
al
to
war
d
s
th
e
d
esire
d
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
d
is
cu
s
s
es
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
an
d
a
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
b
y
an
aly
zin
g
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
a
m
eter
s
i.e
.
,
SIN
R
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
n
etwo
r
k
en
er
g
y
a
n
d
b
it
er
r
o
r
r
ate
(
B
E
R
)
in
m
u
lticellu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
with
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
.
Ou
r
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
wid
en
in
g
th
e
D2
D
u
s
in
g
co
-
c
h
an
n
els
s
u
ch
th
at
it
is
r
ed
u
ci
n
g
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
am
o
n
g
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
i
n
g
s
in
th
is
p
a
p
er
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
e
x
ten
d
an
a
p
p
licatio
n
o
f
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
wi
r
eless
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
with
d
en
s
e
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
e
n
ab
led
.
M
o
r
eo
v
er
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
ac
ilit
ates
to
m
itig
ate
th
e
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
927
-
9
4
0
930
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
co
m
p
lex
in
te
r
f
er
en
ce
s
in
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
e
d
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
D2
D
wir
eless
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
in
wh
ich
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
ex
ten
d
in
g
t
h
e
k
n
o
wled
g
e
in
th
e
f
ield
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
llo
w.
Fo
llo
win
g
th
is
in
tr
o
d
u
c
tio
n
s
ec
tio
n
,
Sectio
n
2
o
f
m
e
th
o
d
o
lo
g
y
d
is
cu
s
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e,
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
el
,
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
a
r
am
eter
s
,
a
n
d
a
s
s
u
m
p
tio
n
s
.
Sectio
n
3
p
r
esen
ts
r
esear
ch
r
esu
lts
an
d
its
an
aly
s
is
.
Sectio
n
4
o
f
co
n
c
lu
s
io
n
g
iv
es th
e
r
em
a
r
k
s
o
f
r
esear
ch
f
in
d
in
g
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
n
s
id
er
s
th
r
ee
ce
l
ls
o
f
a
m
icr
o
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
An
R
I
S
is
d
ep
lo
y
ed
in
t
h
is
n
etwo
r
k
i.e
.
,
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
o
ev
alu
ate
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
,
it
is
cr
u
ci
al
to
lo
o
k
in
to
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
DUE
in
th
is
d
esig
n
e
d
R
I
S
-
aid
e
d
m
u
lticell
m
icr
o
ce
llu
lar
n
et
wo
r
k
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
ad
d
r
ess
es
th
e
ca
s
e
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
,
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
,
m
o
d
els
,
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
s
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
an
al
y
s
is
.
2
.
1
.
Sy
s
t
e
m
mo
dels
f
o
r
ba
s
eline
s
y
s
t
em
a
nd
s
y
s
t
em
wit
h pro
po
s
ed
clu
s
t
er
ing
t
ec
h
niq
ue
T
h
e
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
in
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
s
b
et
wee
n
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
c
ellu
lar
s
y
s
tem
an
d
D2
D
s
y
s
tem
i
s
to
tak
e
a
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
o
f
m
icr
o
ce
llu
lar
n
e
two
r
k
with
th
r
ee
m
icr
o
ce
lls
t
h
at
h
av
e
a
r
an
d
o
m
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t o
f
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
with
in
ea
ch
m
icr
o
ce
ll
.
T
h
e
d
ep
lo
y
m
e
n
t o
f
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
f
o
llo
w
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
.
Fre
q
u
e
n
cy
r
eu
s
e
f
ac
to
r
(
FR
F)
f
o
r
th
ese
m
icr
o
ce
lls
i
s
o
n
e.
T
h
e
R
I
S
is
im
p
lem
en
ted
at
th
e
p
e
r
ip
h
er
y
o
f
th
r
ee
m
icr
o
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
ch
an
n
el
d
iv
is
io
n
b
etwe
e
n
DUE
an
d
C
UE
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
D
UE
an
d
C
UE
u
s
e
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
c
h
an
n
el
with
a
to
tal
b
an
d
wid
th
o
f
B
Hz,
with
DUE
s
u
tili
zin
g
7
5
p
er
ce
n
t
o
f
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
b
an
d
wid
th
.
I
ts
g
o
al
is
to
p
r
o
tect
s
ev
er
al
C
UE
s
f
r
o
m
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
DUE
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
d
ep
icts
th
e
s
ettin
g
o
f
an
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
m
u
lticellu
l
ar
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
co
n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
th
r
ee
m
icr
o
ce
lls
with
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
d
ep
lo
y
m
en
t
in
ea
c
h
ar
e
a
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
ce
ll.
Sh
ar
in
g
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
ch
an
n
els
am
o
n
g
DUE
s
an
d
C
UE
s
h
as
th
e
ad
v
a
n
tag
e
o
f
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
ef
f
icien
c
y
in
w
h
ich
th
e
en
tire
s
y
s
tem
u
s
es
th
e
to
tal
o
f
av
ailab
le
ch
a
n
n
el
b
a
n
d
wid
th
.
T
h
e
ch
an
n
el
ass
ig
n
m
en
t
f
o
r
th
is
s
ettin
g
is
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
r
d
er
o
f
DUE
ap
p
ea
r
an
ce
s
(
D2
D
p
air
)
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
u
s
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
ch
an
n
el
wh
ile
s
h
ar
in
g
it
with
th
ese
two
d
is
tin
ct
u
s
er
ty
p
es
r
esu
lt
in
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
.
T
h
e
DUE
s
f
ac
e
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
s
ig
n
al
q
u
ality
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
o
t
h
er
DUE
s
ass
ig
n
ed
to
th
e
s
am
e
ch
a
n
n
el
an
d
s
itu
ated
n
ea
r
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
DUE
,
as
n
o
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
m
a
n
ag
em
e
n
t
s
tr
ateg
y
is
ap
p
lied
in
t
h
is
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
a
s
o
l
u
tio
n
is
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
m
itig
ate
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
io
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
e
x
p
er
im
e
n
ts
in
th
is
p
ap
er
an
d
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
t
o
as
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
t
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
n
o
ted
th
at
th
e
f
ir
s
t
s
ce
n
ar
io
is
aim
ed
to
ex
p
lo
r
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
ce
llu
lar
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
y
s
tem
wh
en
D2
D
ar
e
p
r
esen
t.
I
n
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
y
s
tem
u
n
d
er
co
n
s
id
er
atio
n
,
a
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
m
i
n
im
ize
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ex
p
er
ie
n
ce
d
b
y
DUE
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
f
r
o
m
o
th
e
r
DUE
s
.
T
h
is
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
g
r
o
u
p
s
th
r
ee
DUE
p
air
s
u
s
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cy
ch
an
n
els
an
d
is
ap
p
lied
to
o
p
tim
ize
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
DUE
c
h
an
n
els.
DUE
s
ar
e
k
ep
t
ap
ar
t
f
r
o
m
ea
c
h
o
th
er
u
s
in
g
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
to
k
ee
p
ea
c
h
o
th
e
r
allo
ca
ted
o
n
t
h
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e,
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
DUE
s
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
s
am
e
c
h
an
n
el
is
in
cr
ea
s
ed
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
,
wh
ich
h
elp
s
r
ed
u
ce
c
o
-
ch
a
n
n
el
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
(
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
s
h
ar
i
n
g
th
e
s
am
e
ch
an
n
el)
.
As
a
r
es
u
lt,
th
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
e
m
p
h
asizes
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
ep
ar
ated
DUE
s
to
m
in
im
ize
co
-
ch
an
n
el
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates
h
o
w
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
im
p
lem
e
n
ted
in
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
ce
n
ar
io
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
C
h
an
n
els allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
C
UE
s
an
d
DUE
s
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
ce
llu
la
r
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
a
r
io
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
C
lu
s
teri
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
d
en
s
e
D2
D
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
in
R
I
S
-
a
id
ed
…
(
Mis
fa
S
u
s
a
n
to
)
931
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
s
tar
ts
b
y
s
elec
tin
g
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
DUE
p
air
f
r
o
m
th
e
a
v
ailab
le
DUE
p
a
ir
s
with
in
a
m
icr
o
ce
ll
ar
ea
to
f
o
r
m
a
clu
s
ter
.
T
h
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
i
s
r
ef
er
en
ce
p
air
an
d
t
h
e
s
u
r
r
o
u
n
d
in
g
DUE
p
air
s
is
th
en
ca
lcu
lated
.
Usi
n
g
th
ese
d
is
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
DUE
p
air
d
eter
m
in
es
its
clu
s
ter
m
em
b
e
r
s
.
T
h
e
two
n
ea
r
est
DUE
p
air
s
ar
e
s
elec
te
d
as
clu
s
ter
m
em
b
er
s
,
as
th
is
s
tu
d
y
em
p
lo
y
s
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
r
e
u
s
e
f
ac
to
r
(
FR
F)
o
f
3
f
o
r
D2
D
c
o
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
.
C
o
n
s
eq
u
en
tly
,
ea
c
h
clu
s
ter
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
th
r
ee
DUE
p
air
s
.
On
ce
a
clu
s
ter
is
f
o
r
m
ed
,
th
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
DUE
p
air
ch
o
o
s
e
s
th
e
n
ex
t
DUE
p
air
to
ac
t
as th
e
n
ew
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
.
T
h
is
n
ew
r
ef
er
en
ce
is
s
elec
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
th
ir
d
clo
s
est
DUE
p
air
to
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
r
e
f
er
en
ce
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
th
en
r
e
p
ea
ts
with
th
e
n
ew
r
ef
er
en
ce
u
n
til
all
DUE
p
air
s
with
in
th
e
m
icr
o
ce
ll
h
a
v
e
b
ee
n
ass
ig
n
e
d
to
clu
s
ter
s
.
DUE
p
air
s
th
at
h
av
e
b
ee
n
in
clu
d
ed
in
a
clu
s
ter
ar
e
r
em
o
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
lis
t
o
f
p
air
s
elig
i
b
le
f
o
r
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
f
lo
wch
ar
t
illu
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
clu
s
ter
f
o
r
m
ati
o
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
2
.
2
.
Cha
nn
el
m
o
dels
a
nd
a
s
s
um
ptio
ns
T
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
els
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
es
1
an
d
3
ar
e
e
x
p
ec
ted
to
in
clu
d
e
two
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
p
ath
s
:
a
d
ir
ec
t
lin
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
(
L
OS)
p
ath
an
d
a
n
o
n
-
lin
e
o
f
s
ig
h
t
(
NL
OS)
p
ath
.
T
h
is
p
a
p
er
ap
p
lies
th
e
well
-
k
n
o
wn
f
r
ee
-
s
p
ac
e
p
ath
lo
s
s
(
F
SL)
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
in
d
B
f
o
r
th
e
L
OS
p
at
h
,
as
d
esc
r
ib
ed
in
(
1
)
[
2
4
]
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
o
b
s
tacle
s
ca
u
s
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
f
o
r
th
e
NL
OS
p
ath
,
wh
ich
is
ac
co
u
n
ted
f
o
r
in
t
h
e
p
ath
lo
s
s
ca
l
cu
latio
n
f
o
r
NL
OS
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
as d
etailed
in
(
2
)
o
f
th
e
FS
L
m
o
d
el
:
=
20
10
(
)
+
20
10
(
)
−
27
.
45
(
1
)
=
+
(
2
)
w
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
wo
r
k
in
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
in
m
eg
ah
e
r
tz
(
MH
z)
,
an
d
d
d
en
o
tes
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
,
in
m
e
ter
s
.
r
ef
e
r
s
to
th
e
o
b
s
tacle
lo
s
s
,
wh
ich
v
a
r
ies
b
ased
o
n
t
h
e
t
y
p
e
o
f
m
ater
ial
ca
u
s
i
n
g
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
al
lo
s
s
,
s
u
ch
as m
etal,
co
n
cr
ete,
an
d
o
th
er
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
u
tili
ze
s
an
d
ex
am
in
es
th
e
two
-
r
ay
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
e
l
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
[
2
5
]
f
o
r
a
s
y
s
te
m
with
R
I
S.
Fig
u
r
e
7
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
two
-
r
ay
ch
an
n
el
m
o
d
el
.
T
h
e
r
ec
ei
v
ed
p
o
wer
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
in
th
is
m
o
d
e
l
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
(
3
)
[
2
5
]
.
=
(
+
1
)
2
(
4
)
2
(
3
)
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
f
lo
wch
a
r
t o
f
cl
u
s
ter
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
wo
-
r
ay
p
r
o
p
ag
atio
n
m
o
d
el
as a
b
asic
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
m
o
d
el
f
o
r
R
I
S a
s
u
s
ed
in
[
25
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
5
0
2
-
4
7
5
2
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
,
Vo
l.
3
9
,
No
.
2
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
927
-
9
4
0
932
Her
e,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
R
I
S
elem
en
ts
,
wh
ile
an
d
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
an
d
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
o
wer
s
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
,
m
ea
s
u
r
e
d
in
watts.
is
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
th
e
t
r
an
s
m
itted
s
ig
n
al
in
m
eter
s
,
an
d
is
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itter
an
d
r
ec
eiv
e
r
,
also
in
m
eter
s
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
t
an
t
to
n
o
te
th
at,
ac
co
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
is
m
o
d
el,
th
e
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
at
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
,
as
d
escr
ib
ed
in
(
3
)
,
d
e
p
en
d
s
s
o
lely
o
n
th
e
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
tr
an
s
m
itt
er
an
d
r
ec
eiv
er
,
as e
m
p
h
asized
in
[
2
5
]
.
2
.
3
Sig
na
l
-
to
-
inte
rf
er
ence
-
p
lus
-
no
is
e
-
ra
t
io
(
SI
NR)
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
SIN
R
is
an
im
p
o
r
tan
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ic
f
o
r
wir
eless
s
y
s
tem
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
c
o
n
s
id
er
s
d
o
wn
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
s
f
o
r
th
e
co
n
s
id
er
ed
s
y
s
tem
m
o
d
els
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
escr
ib
ed
in
Fig
u
r
es
3
a
n
d
5
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
d
e
r
iv
e
th
e
SIN
R
,
let’
s
co
n
s
id
er
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
8
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
D2
D
in
R
I
S
-
aid
ed
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
W
h
en
a
DU
E
p
air
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
,
at
DUE
r
e
ce
iv
er
th
er
e
ar
e
an
e
x
p
ec
ted
r
ec
eiv
ed
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
its
DUE
tr
an
s
m
itter
p
air
an
d
it
s
R
I
S
r
ef
lecte
d
ex
p
ec
ted
p
o
we
r
,
an
d
th
er
e
a
r
e
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
E
No
d
eB
an
d
an
o
th
er
DU
E
th
at
u
s
es
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
ch
an
n
el.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
R
I
S
is
r
ef
lectin
g
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
s
as we
ll c
au
s
ed
b
y
o
th
er
DUE
s
an
d
E
No
d
eB.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e
,
th
e
SIN
R
ca
n
b
e
e
x
p
r
ess
ed
in
(
4
)
[
2
4
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
DUE
an
al
y
s
is
o
n
a
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
=
∑
=
1
+
∑
=
1
+
(
4
)
I
n
th
is
co
n
tex
t,
d
en
o
tes
th
e
r
e
ce
iv
ed
p
o
wer
(
in
m
W
o
r
W
)
at
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
ed
DUE
r
ec
eiv
e
r
f
r
o
m
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
tr
an
s
m
itter
.
T
h
e
v
ar
i
ab
les
x
an
d
y
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
to
t
al
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
in
ter
f
er
e
n
ce
s
f
r
o
m
o
th
er
DUE
s
an
d
E
No
d
eBs
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
in
d
icate
s
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
o
we
r
lev
el
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
j
-
th
DUE
s
h
ar
in
g
th
e
s
am
e
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
,
wh
ile
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
p
o
we
r
lev
el
f
r
o
m
th
e
k
-
th
E
No
d
eB.
Mo
r
e
o
v
er
,
s
ig
n
if
ies
th
e
n
o
is
e
p
o
wer
at
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
U
E
.
2
.
4
.
T
hro
ug
hp
ut
a
nd
s
pect
r
a
l e
f
f
iciency
perf
o
r
m
a
nces
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
i
s
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
d
a
t
a
r
e
c
ei
v
e
d
o
v
e
r
a
g
i
v
e
n
ti
m
e
p
e
r
i
o
d
o
r
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
d
a
t
a
r
a
t
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t
h
a
t
a
c
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m
m
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n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
te
m
c
a
n
t
r
a
n
s
m
i
t
.
T
h
e
S
h
a
n
n
o
n
-
H
a
r
t
l
e
y
eq
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
m
s
t
h
e
t
h
e
o
r
e
t
i
c
a
l
b
a
s
is
f
o
r
c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
(
)
,
a
s
it
r
e
la
t
es
t
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
p
o
s
s
i
b
l
e
t
r
a
n
s
m
is
s
i
o
n
b
i
t
r
a
te
o
f
a
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
l
t
o
it
s
n
o
i
s
e
a
n
d
b
a
n
d
w
i
d
t
h
c
h
a
r
a
c
t
e
r
is
t
ic
s
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
i
n
b
i
t
s
p
e
r
s
e
c
o
n
d
(
b
p
s
)
c
a
n
b
e
d
e
r
i
v
e
d
u
s
i
n
g
(
5
)
[
2
6
]
:
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
)
(
5
)
w
h
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
to
tal
s
y
s
tem
b
an
d
wid
th
in
h
e
r
tz
(
Hz)
,
wh
ile
d
en
o
tes
th
e
ac
tu
al
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
SIN
R
an
d
h
en
ce
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
s
y
s
tem
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
Sp
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
in
wh
ich
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
d
ata
r
ate
p
e
r
b
an
d
wid
th
u
n
it.
T
h
u
s
,
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
c
y
,
,
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
(
6
)
[
2
7
]
.
=
=
l
og
2
(
1
+
)
(
6
)
2
.
5
.
Net
w
o
rk
ener
g
y
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
to
[
2
8
]
,
n
etwo
r
k
e
n
er
g
y
co
n
s
u
m
e
d
(
)
b
y
d
ep
lo
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in
g
D2
D
co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
s
c
an
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as in
(
7
)
.
=
∑
_
=
1
(
7
)
wh
er
e
_
is
i
-
th
DUE
tr
an
s
m
itter
co
n
s
u
m
ed
p
o
wer
,
is
th
e
n
et
wo
r
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t
an
d
is
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
DUE
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
n
etwo
r
k
en
e
r
g
y
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
as in
(
8
)
[
2
8
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
d
o
n
esian
J
E
lec
E
n
g
&
C
o
m
p
Sci
I
SS
N:
2502
-
4
7
5
2
C
lu
s
teri
n
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
fo
r
d
en
s
e
D2
D
co
mmu
n
ica
tio
n
in
R
I
S
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id
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(
Mis
fa
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u
s
a
n
to
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933
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=
(
8
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2
.
6
.
B
it
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ro
r
ra
t
e
perf
o
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nce
B
it
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r
o
r
r
ate
(
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a
m
etr
ic
th
at
ev
alu
ates
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
ec
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ed
b
its
with
er
r
o
r
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
to
tal
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
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its
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s
m
itted
to
th
e
r
ec
eiv
er
.
T
h
e
is
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
d
b
y
th
e
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
lev
el
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
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e
u
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ed
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th
e
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y
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.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
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th
e
16
-
QAM
q
u
ad
r
at
u
r
e
am
p
litu
d
e
m
o
d
u
latio
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(
QAM
)
s
ch
em
e
is
u
s
ed
f
o
r
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
ch
em
e.
As
a
r
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lt
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th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
in
th
is
p
ap
e
r
is
co
n
d
u
cte
d
u
s
in
g
(
9
)
[
2
9
]
,
=
3
4
(
√
4
5
/
0
)
(
9
)
wh
er
e
(
.
)
d
en
o
tes
th
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Q
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ets,
a
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0
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ep
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e
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o
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er
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it
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o
is
e
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o
wer
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
e
n
s
ity
.
/
0
ac
ts
as
a
n
o
r
m
alize
d
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
SIN
R
p
er
b
it.
T
h
e
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elatio
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s
h
ip
b
etwe
en
/
0
an
d
/
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en
e
r
g
y
p
e
r
s
y
m
b
o
l
to
n
o
is
e
s
p
ec
tr
al
d
en
s
ity
)
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
(
1
0
)
[
2
6
]
,
wh
er
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
d
is
tin
ct
m
o
d
u
latio
n
s
y
m
b
o
ls
.
0
=
0
l
og
2
(
)
(
1
0
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2
.
7
.
Cum
ula
t
i
v
e
dis
t
ributio
n f
un
ct
io
n
C
u
m
u
lativ
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
f
u
n
ct
io
n
(
C
DF)
r
e
p
r
esen
ts
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
o
f
r
an
d
o
m
v
ar
ia
b
les
X
le
s
s
th
an
o
r
eq
u
al
to
a
co
n
s
tan
t
o
f
x
.
C
DF
is
d
en
o
ted
i
n
(
1
1
)
[
2
9
]
.
C
DF
im
p
lies
th
e
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
y
o
f
o
u
ta
g
e
wh
en
it
is
r
elate
d
to
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
th
at
ar
e
r
ep
r
es
en
ted
in
C
DF
ar
e
SIN
R
an
d
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t.
(
)
=
(
≤
)
(
1
1
)
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
A
co
m
p
r
eh
en
s
iv
e
s
im
u
latio
n
ex
p
er
im
en
t
was
co
n
d
u
cte
d
an
d
th
e
r
esu
lts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
d
escr
ib
e
d
ea
r
lier
wer
e
co
llected
an
d
an
aly
ze
d
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
co
m
p
ar
es
t
h
e
SIN
R
,
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t,
B
E
R
,
s
p
ec
tr
al
ef
f
icien
cy
,
an
d
n
etwo
r
k
en
er
g
y
v
alu
es
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
t
ec
h
n
iq
u
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
5
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
ly
.
As
m
en
tio
n
ed
ea
r
lier
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
is
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
b
asel
in
e
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ile
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
F
ig
u
r
e
5
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
eth
o
d
/s
y
s
tem
.
All
f
ig
u
r
e
s
in
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
ar
e
lab
eled
ac
co
r
d
i
n
g
ly
,
b
ased
o
n
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
in
Fig
u
r
es
3
an
d
5
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
C
DFs
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
to
illu
s
tr
ate
th
e
p
r
o
b
a
b
ilit
y
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
.
T
h
e
an
aly
s
is
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
th
e
im
p
ac
t
o
f
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
C
UE
s
an
d
DUE
s
in
R
I
S
-
as
s
is
ted
ce
ll
u
lar
n
etwo
r
k
s
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
is
ap
p
lied
o
n
l
y
to
DUE
s
.
T
ab
le
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
s
u
m
m
ar
y
o
f
t
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
p
ar
am
ete
r
s
an
d
s
et
tin
g
s
u
s
ed
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
an
aly
ze
s
1
2
0
DUE
p
air
s
an
d
C
UE
s
e
ac
h
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
in
ter
f
er
en
ce
ef
f
ec
ts
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
an
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
d
is
tr
ib
u
ted
u
s
er
s
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
also
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
an
aly
s
is
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
DUE
r
ec
eiv
er
d
u
r
in
g
d
o
wn
lin
k
tr
an
s
m
is
s
io
n
in
th
e
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
Fig
u
r
e
9
s
h
o
ws
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
S
I
NR
v
alu
es
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
n
u
m
b
er
s
o
f
DUE
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
s
ce
n
a
r
io
.
I
t
is
ev
i
d
en
t
th
at
wh
e
n
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
DU
E
s
r
ea
ch
es
1
2
0
,
th
e
SIN
R
o
f
t
h
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
d
r
o
p
s
f
r
o
m
3
.
3
5
d
B
to
0
.
4
7
d
B
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
es f
r
o
m
4
.
1
6
d
B
to
0
.
7
2
d
B
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
s
ig
n
al
p
o
wer
r
ec
ei
v
ed
b
y
DUE
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
,
lead
in
g
t
o
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
d
s
er
v
ice
q
u
ality
.
T
h
e
clu
s
ter
in
g
p
r
o
c
ess
,
alo
n
g
with
th
e
allo
ca
tio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
t
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
c
h
an
n
els t
o
DUE
s
in
s
ep
ar
ate
clu
s
ter
s
wo
r
k
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
.
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r
th
er
m
o
r
e
,
a
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
th
e
SIN
R
v
alu
es
at
C
UE
s
’
s
id
e
with
an
d
with
o
u
t
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
also
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
g
r
a
p
h
in
d
icate
s
a
d
ec
r
ea
s
ed
v
alu
e
as
t
h
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
C
UE
in
cr
ea
s
es.
I
n
g
e
n
er
al,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tech
n
iq
u
e
g
e
ts
lo
wer
th
an
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
o
b
tain
s
th
e
v
alu
e
o
f
2
2
.
4
d
B
,
wh
ich
d
ec
r
ea
s
es
to
1
6
.
9
9
d
B
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
ac
h
iev
es
a
n
in
itial
v
alu
e
o
f
2
2
.
3
4
d
B
,
an
d
d
ec
r
ea
s
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to
1
6
.
3
5
d
B
.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
g
ets
a
lo
wer
SIN
R
v
alu
e,
th
e
C
UE
s
v
alu
e
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
p
er
ien
ce
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
t
d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
r
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c
e
o
f
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s
i
n
th
e
ce
llu
lar
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
t
im
p
lies
th
at
b
y
th
e
p
r
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ce
o
f
D2
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co
m
m
u
n
icatio
n
in
R
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aid
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ll
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co
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n
icatio
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an
d
p
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p
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s
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clu
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ter
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e
n
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d
o
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n
o
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th
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m
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ce
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ig
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r
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ity
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r
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c
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ch
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n
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D2
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p
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s
.
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u
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9
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h
e
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R
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im
u
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r
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ab
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1
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u
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p
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th
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R
r
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o
r
1
2
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s
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d
1
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ig
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b
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ile
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5
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8
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o
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R
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o
r
th
e
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y
s
tem
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th
e
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r
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o
s
ed
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ter
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g
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
all
with
i
n
th
at
r
an
g
e.
T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
y
ield
s
a
b
ette
r
SIN
R
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
th
an
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
t
h
e
C
DF
o
f
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R
f
o
r
th
e
C
UE
s
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
m
eth
o
d
s
lig
h
tly
o
u
tp
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
.
Fo
r
SIN
R
v
alu
e
s
o
f
2
0
d
B
o
r
lo
wer
,
th
e
b
aselin
e
s
y
s
tem
h
as
a
C
DF
v
alu
e
o
f
6
2
%,
w
h
ile
th
e
p
r
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2
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(
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ter
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th
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with
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n
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y
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s
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t
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e
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h
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e
ex
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lain
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ac
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th
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t
th
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ter
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tech
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iq
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ap
p
lied
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t
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ter
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ce
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d
at
th
e
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s
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er
r
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r
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ar
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ter
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ter
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d
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id
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Ad
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itio
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ally
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Fig
u
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1
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B
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co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
r
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f
o
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b
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th
s
y
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as
th
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n
u
m
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er
o
f
u
s
er
s
in
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
i
n
cr
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s
es.
T
h
e
f
in
al
B
E
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f
o
r
th
e
1
2
0
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th
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in
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th
s
y
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is
n
ea
r
l
y
th
e
s
am
e,
at
2
4
×
10
-
2
.
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we
v
er
,
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clo
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er
e
x
a
m
in
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o
f
th
e
en
tire
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r
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s
is
ten
tly
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B
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R
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co
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p
ar
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to
t
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e
b
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s
y
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tem
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T
h
is
s
u
g
g
ests
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
clu
s
ter
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
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in
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th
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er
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with
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its
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itted
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h
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e
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a
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h
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th
an
t
h
e
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s
y
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Sp
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ter
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tech
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r
r
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its
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an
s
m
itted
(
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.
6
×
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3
).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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2
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I
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&
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e
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k
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er
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m
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elate
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ter
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am
in
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th
e
p
o
wer
s
r
ec
eiv
ed
b
y
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d
C
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u
r
in
g
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S
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k
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ly
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[
14
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U
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[
33
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C
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[
34
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[
35
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