I
nte
rna
t
io
na
l J
o
urna
l o
f
I
nfo
rm
a
t
ics a
nd
Co
m
m
un
ica
t
io
n T
ec
hn
o
lo
g
y
(
I
J
-
I
CT
)
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
,
p
p
.
8
2
2
~
8
2
9
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
,
DOI
: 1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/iji
ct.
v
1
4
i
3
.
p
p
822
-
8
2
9
822
J
o
ur
na
l ho
m
ep
a
g
e
:
h
ttp
:
//ij
ict.
ia
esco
r
e.
co
m
M
o
deling
chemic
a
l kinet
ics o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
mers us
ing
ph
y
sics
inform
ed n
eura
l
network
B
les
s
o
Abra
ha
m
,
T
hirum
a
la
iv
a
s
a
l D
ev
a
na
t
ha
n Sud
ha
k
a
r
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e
p
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me
n
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o
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e
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r
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c
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l
a
n
d
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e
c
t
r
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c
E
n
g
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n
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e
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i
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g
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S
t
.
J
o
se
p
h
’
s C
o
l
l
e
g
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o
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En
g
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n
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e
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i
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g
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C
h
e
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n
a
i
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n
d
i
a
Art
icle
I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
r
y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
J
u
n
2
7
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Ma
r
1
5
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
9
,
2
0
2
5
Us
in
g
a
p
h
y
sic
s
i
n
fo
rm
e
d
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
fo
r
t
h
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
e
rs
a
s
a
n
a
lt
e
rn
a
te m
a
teria
l
fo
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
c
a
n
b
e
a
v
iab
le ap
p
r
o
a
c
h
,
a
s n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
rk
s
a
re
c
a
p
a
b
le
o
f
m
o
d
e
li
n
g
c
o
m
p
lex
,
n
o
n
l
in
e
a
r
re
latio
n
sh
i
p
s
i
n
d
a
ta,
wh
ich
c
a
n
b
e
b
e
n
e
ficia
l
f
o
r
re
p
re
se
n
ti
n
g
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
c
h
e
m
ica
l
p
ro
p
e
rti
e
s.
If
y
o
u
h
a
v
e
a
su
b
sta
n
t
ial
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
o
re
ti
c
a
l
d
a
ta,
a
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
tw
o
rk
c
a
n
lea
rn
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tt
e
rn
s
a
n
d
re
latio
n
s
h
i
p
s
i
n
th
e
d
a
ta,
e
v
e
n
wh
e
n
th
e
u
n
d
e
rl
y
i
n
g
sy
ste
m
d
y
n
a
m
ics
a
re
n
o
t
we
ll
-
d
e
fi
n
e
d
o
r
a
re
d
iffi
c
u
lt
to
m
o
d
e
l
a
n
a
ly
ti
c
a
ll
y
.
A
we
ll
-
train
e
d
n
e
u
ra
l
n
e
two
r
k
c
a
n
g
e
n
e
ra
li
z
e
fro
m
t
h
e
train
in
g
d
a
ta
to
m
a
k
e
p
re
d
ictio
n
s
f
o
r
u
n
se
e
n
sc
e
n
a
rio
s,
wh
ich
c
a
n
b
e
u
se
fu
l
f
o
r
re
al
-
ti
m
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
o
f
th
e
m
a
teria
l.
K
ey
w
o
r
d
s
:
C
h
em
ical
k
in
etics
Geo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
Geo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
Netwo
r
k
Ph
y
s
ics in
f
o
r
m
ed
n
e
u
r
al
T
em
p
er
atu
r
e
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
T
h
is i
s
a
n
o
p
e
n
a
c
c
e
ss
a
rticle
u
n
d
e
r th
e
CC B
Y
-
SA
li
c
e
n
se
.
C
o
r
r
e
s
p
o
nd
ing
A
uth
o
r
:
B
les
s
o
Ab
r
ah
am
Dep
ar
tm
en
t o
f
E
lectr
ical
an
d
E
lectr
o
n
ic
E
n
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
,
St.
J
o
s
ep
h
’
s
C
o
lleg
e
o
f
E
n
g
in
ee
r
in
g
C
h
en
n
ai,
I
n
d
ia
E
m
ail:
b
less
o
ab
r
ah
am
@
g
m
ail.
co
m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
“
Geo
p
o
ly
m
er
”
was
o
r
ig
in
ally
u
s
ed
b
y
J
o
s
ep
h
Dav
id
o
v
its
in
1
9
7
8
.
He
s
u
g
g
ested
p
r
o
d
u
cin
g
th
e
b
lo
ck
s
b
y
p
o
u
r
in
g
wate
r
,
clay
,
lim
e,
an
d
cr
u
s
h
ed
lim
esto
n
e
in
to
m
o
u
ld
s
.
W
h
en
t
h
is
m
ater
ial
f
o
r
m
e
d
in
to
a
n
ar
tific
ial
s
to
n
e,
h
e
ca
lled
it
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
e
r
.
On
th
e
b
asis
o
f
t
h
e
s
am
e
id
ea
,
s
cien
tis
ts
h
av
e
cr
ea
ted
a
b
r
a
n
d
-
n
ew
co
n
cr
ete
th
at
h
as
ze
r
o
ce
m
en
t
in
it!
T
h
ey
u
s
e
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
w
aste
m
ater
ials
,
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
r
esid
u
es,
an
d
m
in
im
ally
p
r
o
ce
s
s
ed
n
atu
r
al
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
in
p
lace
o
f
Po
r
tlan
d
C
em
en
t.
T
h
ese
waste
m
ater
ials
ar
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
to
g
et
r
i
d
o
f
an
d
m
ig
h
t
h
a
r
m
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
i
f
lef
t
u
n
ch
ec
k
ed
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
u
s
in
g
th
em
c
o
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
r
ed
u
ce
t
h
e
ca
r
b
o
n
f
o
o
tp
r
i
n
t
o
f
co
n
cr
ete
[
1
]
.
T
h
e
y
ar
e
f
ly
ash
,
s
o
m
etim
es
r
e
f
e
r
r
ed
t
o
as
PF
A
(
p
u
lv
er
ized
f
u
el
ash
)
,
wh
ic
h
is
a
f
in
e,
p
o
wd
er
y
b
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
b
u
r
n
in
g
co
a
l in
p
o
wer
p
lan
ts
.
I
ts
m
ain
co
n
s
titu
en
ts
ar
e
s
ilico
n
d
io
x
id
e,
alu
m
in
iu
m
o
x
id
e,
a
n
d
ca
lciu
m
o
x
id
e
.
Me
ta
-
k
ao
lin
is
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
h
ea
tin
g
k
a
o
lin
o
r
C
h
in
a
cl
ay
to
1
,
5
0
0
d
eg
r
ee
s
Fah
r
en
h
eit
o
r
8
0
0
d
e
g
r
ee
s
C
elsi
u
s
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
ak
e
tiles
an
d
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
c
o
n
c
r
et
e.
Gr
an
u
lated
b
last
f
u
r
n
ac
e
s
lag
th
at
h
as
b
ee
n
g
r
o
u
n
d
is
a
b
y
p
r
o
d
u
ct
o
f
m
ak
i
n
g
s
teel.
I
ts
h
ig
h
ca
lciu
m
s
ilicate
h
y
d
r
ate
(
C
SH)
co
n
ten
t
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
ap
p
ea
r
a
n
ce
,
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
,
an
d
s
tr
en
g
th
o
f
co
n
cr
ete.
Palm
o
il
f
u
el
ash
,
o
r
POFA,
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
b
u
r
n
in
g
th
e
h
u
s
k
s
an
d
s
h
ells
o
f
p
alm
o
il.
E
v
en
t
h
o
u
g
h
it
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
to
m
a
k
e
ce
m
en
t,
th
is
d
an
g
er
o
u
s
s
u
b
s
tan
ce
is
u
s
u
ally
d
is
p
o
s
ed
o
f
in
la
n
d
f
ills
.
E
ac
h
o
f
t
h
ese
r
aw
m
ater
ials
h
as
a
u
n
iq
u
e
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
an
ce
a
n
d
y
ield
s
a
d
is
tin
ct
k
in
d
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
e
r
ce
m
en
t.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
ity
o
f
was
te
p
r
o
d
u
cts
co
n
tain
s
ilico
n
d
i
o
x
id
e,
wh
ic
h
is
th
e
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
war
d
g
e
n
er
al
r
esp
o
n
s
e.
T
h
ey
ar
e
u
s
ed
with
an
alk
alin
e
ac
tiv
ato
r
s
u
ch
as
p
o
tass
iu
m
o
r
s
o
d
iu
m
h
y
d
r
o
x
id
e,
to
g
et
h
er
with
p
o
t
ass
iu
m
o
r
s
o
d
iu
m
s
ilicate.
A
lu
m
in
o
s
ilicate
g
els
ar
e
cr
ea
te
d
wh
en
th
e
s
ilico
n
o
x
y
g
e
n
s
ilico
n
b
o
n
d
s
d
is
in
te
g
r
ate
an
d
allo
w
alu
m
in
iu
m
a
to
m
s
to
p
ass
th
r
o
u
g
h
.
T
h
ese
g
els
s
o
lid
if
y
in
to
a
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
ce
m
en
t
wh
e
n
m
o
r
e
alk
ali
is
a
d
d
ed
.
T
h
e
m
i
x
tu
r
e
o
f
ce
m
e
n
t,
a
g
g
r
eg
ate,
an
d
wate
r
c
r
ea
tes
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
co
n
cr
ete.
Giv
en
t
h
e
co
m
p
lex
ity
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
an
d
th
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
e
n
tal
im
p
licatio
n
s
o
f
th
eir
u
s
e
,
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
Mo
d
elin
g
ch
emic
a
l k
in
etics o
f
g
eo
p
o
lyme
r
s
u
s
in
g
p
h
ysics
in
fo
r
med
n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
k
(
B
less
o
A
b
r
a
h
a
m)
823
m
o
d
elin
g
an
d
an
aly
zin
g
th
eir
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
b
ec
o
m
e
cr
u
cial.
Ph
y
s
ics
-
in
f
o
r
m
ed
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
(
PIN
Ns),
wh
ich
h
av
e
s
h
o
wn
p
r
o
m
is
e
in
v
ar
io
u
s
d
o
m
ain
s
f
o
r
s
o
lv
in
g
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
an
d
m
o
d
elin
g
co
m
p
lex
s
y
s
tem
s
[
2
]
,
[
3
]
,
o
f
f
er
an
in
n
o
v
ativ
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
b
eh
a
v
io
r
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
t
h
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
e
r
s
.
T
h
is
m
eth
o
d
,
b
len
d
in
g
d
o
m
ai
n
k
n
o
wled
g
e
with
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
,
co
u
l
d
lead
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
u
s
e
o
f
w
aste m
ater
ials
an
d
f
u
r
th
er
ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
eth
o
d
s
.
2.
P
I
NN
VS A
NN
Par
tial
d
if
f
er
en
tial
e
q
u
atio
n
s
(
PDEs)
ar
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
in
ch
ar
a
cter
izin
g
PIN
Ns,
s
er
v
in
g
as
a
u
n
iv
er
s
al
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
a
to
r
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
an
y
p
h
y
s
ical
r
u
les
g
o
v
er
n
in
g
a
d
ata
s
et
in
to
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
4
]
.
T
h
is
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
is
esp
ec
ially
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
ield
s
wh
er
e
d
ata
m
ay
b
e
s
p
ar
s
e,
r
en
d
er
in
g
m
an
y
a
d
v
an
ce
d
m
ac
h
in
e
-
lear
n
in
g
al
g
o
r
ith
m
s
less
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
.
I
n
s
u
ch
co
n
tex
ts
,
p
r
io
r
k
n
o
wled
g
e
o
f
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
ac
ts
as
a
r
eg
u
lato
r
y
ag
en
t
with
in
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
(
NN)
tr
ain
in
g
,
n
ar
r
o
win
g
t
h
e
p
o
s
s
ib
le
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
p
ac
e
an
d
e
n
h
an
cin
g
ac
cu
r
ac
y
in
f
u
n
ctio
n
a
p
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
[
5
]
.
T
h
e
r
is
in
g
p
o
p
u
lar
ity
o
f
PI
NNs
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
en
g
in
ee
r
in
g
f
ield
s
is
lar
g
ely
d
u
e
to
th
eir
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
in
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
p
r
ac
tical
p
r
o
b
lem
s
ch
ar
ac
ter
ized
b
y
n
o
is
y
in
p
u
ts
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
m
is
s
in
g
p
h
y
s
ics
[
6
]
.
Au
to
m
atic
d
if
f
er
en
tiatio
n
en
ab
les
PIN
Ns
to
e
v
alu
ate
d
if
f
er
en
tial
o
p
er
ato
r
s
ac
c
u
r
ately
with
o
u
t
th
e
n
ee
d
f
o
r
d
is
cr
etiza
tio
n
,
cr
e
atin
g
a
m
u
ltit
ask
lear
n
i
n
g
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
th
at
aim
s
to
f
it
o
b
s
er
v
ed
d
ata
wh
ile
ad
h
er
i
n
g
to
p
h
y
s
ical
laws
[
7
]
.
Su
ch
ap
p
licatio
n
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
ch
allen
g
es
am
o
n
g
o
th
er
s
,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
m
eth
o
d
’
s
e
f
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
wh
er
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
m
ay
f
alter
[
8
]
.
Fo
r
ex
a
m
p
l
e,
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
in
to
co
n
v
ec
tio
n
o
n
h
ea
ted
s
u
r
f
ac
es
u
tili
zin
g
s
p
ar
s
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
s
aim
to
d
eter
m
in
e
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
v
elo
city
f
i
eld
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
illu
s
tr
atin
g
PIN
Ns
’
p
o
ten
tial
in
d
er
iv
in
g
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
f
r
o
m
lim
ited
d
ata
[
9
]
.
T
h
e
Stef
an
p
r
o
b
lem
,
ad
d
r
ess
in
g
two
-
p
h
ase
f
lo
w
with
th
e
g
o
a
l
o
f
in
f
er
r
in
g
m
o
v
i
n
g
in
ter
f
a
ce
s
an
d
d
is
tin
ct
p
h
ase
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
f
r
o
m
m
in
im
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
,
f
u
r
th
er
ex
em
p
lifie
s
PIN
Ns
u
tili
ty
[
1
0
]
.
A
wid
e
ar
r
a
y
o
f
in
d
u
s
tr
ial
ap
p
licatio
n
s
,
p
ar
tic
u
lar
ly
in
p
o
wer
elec
tr
o
n
i
cs,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
b
en
ef
its
o
f
PIN
Ns
in
b
r
id
g
in
g
t
h
e
d
iv
i
d
e
b
etwe
en
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
an
d
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
e
r
an
d
s
o
lv
in
g
p
r
o
b
le
m
s
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
tr
ac
tab
le
by
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
s
[
1
1
]
,
[
1
2
]
.
T
h
is
attr
ib
u
t
e
o
f
PI
NNs
to
in
ter
p
r
et
p
h
y
s
ical
l
aws
th
r
o
u
g
h
p
a
r
tial
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
(
e.
g
.
,
N
av
ier
Sto
k
es
eq
u
atio
n
s
f
r
o
m
f
lu
id
m
ec
h
a
n
ics)
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
eir
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
in
q
u
an
tify
in
g
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics u
n
d
er
d
ef
in
e
d
co
n
d
itio
n
s
[
1
3
]
,
[
1
4
]
.
Un
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
PIN
Ns
a
ls
o
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
g
r
asp
o
f
b
asic
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
f
u
n
c
tio
n
s
,
wh
ich
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
a
m
ap
p
in
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
f
r
o
m
i
n
p
u
t
v
ec
to
r
s
to
o
u
tp
u
t,
u
tili
zin
g
weig
h
ts
an
d
b
iases
[
1
5
]
,
[
1
6
]
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
m
u
ltip
le
l
ay
er
s
an
d
ac
tiv
atio
n
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
,
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
ac
h
iev
e
co
m
p
lex
f
u
n
ctio
n
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
s
,
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
m
o
d
elin
g
p
h
y
s
ical
p
h
en
o
m
en
a
[
1
7
]
,
[
1
8
]
.
B
ac
k
-
p
r
o
p
a
g
atio
n
,
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
lea
r
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
d
ata,
an
d
th
e
av
ail
ab
ilit
y
o
f
g
r
a
d
ien
ts
,
en
ab
lin
g
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
p
h
y
s
ics
to
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
ar
e
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
elem
en
ts
o
f
PIN
Ns
[
1
9
]
,
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
cu
s
to
m
lo
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
in
c
o
r
p
o
r
atin
g
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
r
esid
u
als,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
in
itial
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
r
eso
lu
tio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
[
2
1
]
,
[
2
2
]
.
PIN
Ns
s
tan
d
o
u
t
wh
e
n
d
ata
is
s
ca
r
ce
b
u
t
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
p
r
in
cip
les
ar
e
well
u
n
d
er
s
to
o
d
.
T
h
ey
ap
p
ly
th
e
m
a
th
em
atica
l
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
o
f
d
if
f
e
r
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
t
o
im
p
o
s
e
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
s
tr
ain
ts
o
n
n
e
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
lev
er
ag
i
n
g
u
n
iv
e
r
s
al
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
ca
p
a
b
ilit
ies
an
d
r
ea
d
ily
av
ailab
le
d
er
iv
ativ
es
[
2
3
]
.
Ne
u
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
th
u
s
b
e
co
m
e
p
o
wer
f
u
l
to
o
ls
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
to
c
o
m
p
le
x
d
if
f
er
en
tial
e
q
u
atio
n
s
,
s
u
p
p
o
r
ted
b
y
cu
s
to
m
lo
s
s
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
th
at
in
teg
r
ate
p
h
y
s
ical
laws
d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
th
e
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
.
3.
M
AT
H
E
M
AT
I
CA
L
ANA
L
YSI
S O
F
G
E
O
P
O
L
Y
M
E
RS
T
h
e
m
ath
em
atica
l
an
aly
s
is
o
f
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
len
s
o
f
d
if
f
er
e
n
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
to
d
escr
ib
e
ch
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
,
is
p
iv
o
tal
in
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
k
in
etics
an
d
m
ec
h
an
is
tic
p
ath
way
s
o
f
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
r
ea
cti
o
n
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
d
i
f
f
er
e
n
tial
eq
u
atio
n
r
e
p
r
esen
tin
g
th
e
r
ate
o
f
ch
em
ica
l
r
ea
ctio
n
s
ca
n
ex
p
r
ess
th
e
c
h
a
n
g
e
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctan
ts
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
cts
o
v
er
tim
e.
F
o
r
a
s
im
p
le
r
ea
cti
o
n
wh
er
e
r
ea
ctan
t A
co
n
v
er
ts
to
p
r
o
d
u
ct
B
with
a
r
ate
c
o
n
s
tan
t
K1
,
th
e
eq
u
atio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
s
tated
as:
(
)
/
(
)
=
−
1
[
]
(
1
)
Her
e,
[
A]
d
e
n
o
tes
th
e
c
o
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctan
t
A.
Similar
ly
,
f
o
r
p
r
o
d
u
ct
B
,
th
e
r
a
te
o
f
f
o
r
m
atio
n
is
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
its
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
.
(
)
/
(
)
=
−
1
[
]
(
2
)
I
n
m
o
r
e
c
o
m
p
lex
s
ce
n
ar
i
o
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
o
s
e
in
v
o
lv
in
g
m
u
ltip
le
r
ea
ctan
ts
,
in
ter
m
ed
iates,
an
d
r
ev
er
s
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
,
s
im
ilar
r
ate
-
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
m
o
d
els
ca
n
b
e
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
to
d
escr
ib
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
y
n
am
ics.
Geo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
,
ch
ar
ac
te
r
ized
b
y
its
co
m
p
lex
ity
,
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
atio
n
o
f
alu
m
in
o
s
ilicate
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
Dec
em
b
er
2
0
2
5
:
822
-
8
2
9
824
p
r
ec
u
r
s
o
r
s
in
t
o
a
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
d
n
etwo
r
k
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
u
ch
c
h
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
d
em
an
d
s
a
m
u
ltid
is
cip
lin
ar
y
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
c
o
m
b
in
in
g
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
tech
n
iq
u
es
lik
e
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
an
d
h
i
g
h
-
en
e
r
g
y
X
-
r
ay
d
i
f
f
r
ac
tio
n
to
p
r
o
b
e
t
h
e
m
o
lecu
la
r
an
d
n
an
o
s
tr
u
c
tu
r
al
ch
an
g
es,
alo
n
g
s
id
e
th
er
m
o
g
r
av
im
et
r
y
a
n
d
r
h
eo
lo
g
y
to
ass
ess
p
h
y
s
ica
l
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
T
h
e
m
ath
em
a
tical
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
s
s
er
v
es
as
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
to
o
l
to
th
ese
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
tech
n
iq
u
es,
o
f
f
er
in
g
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
k
in
etics
ac
r
o
s
s
d
if
f
er
en
t
s
ca
les.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
d
if
f
er
en
tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
,
in
f
o
r
m
e
d
b
y
d
at
a
s
u
ch
as
r
ea
ctan
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
an
d
r
ate
c
o
n
s
tan
ts
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
i
n
itial
an
d
b
o
u
n
d
a
r
y
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
a
q
u
a
n
titativ
e
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
ca
n
b
e
d
e
v
elo
p
ed
to
s
im
u
la
te
th
e
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
m
o
d
elin
g
ca
p
a
b
i
lity
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
d
esig
n
in
g
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
m
ix
t
u
r
es
tailo
r
ed
f
o
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
,
en
h
an
cin
g
q
u
ali
ty
co
n
tr
o
l
d
u
r
in
g
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
,
an
d
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
.
C
o
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
s
o
lu
tio
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s
o
f
th
ese
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
els
with
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
d
at
a,
s
u
ch
as
ca
l
o
r
im
etr
ic
m
ea
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u
r
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en
ts
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a
lid
ates
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ac
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u
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ac
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f
t
h
e
m
o
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els
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th
eir
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wer
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d
i
tio
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ally
,
m
o
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th
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t
ev
o
lu
tio
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d
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r
in
g
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
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izatio
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ca
n
in
f
o
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m
s
tr
ateg
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to
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ler
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ettin
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d
h
a
r
d
en
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s
es,
cr
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cial
f
o
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d
u
s
tr
ial
p
r
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d
u
ct
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n
.
PIN
Ns
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f
f
er
a
f
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ar
d
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l
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o
k
in
g
a
p
p
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th
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m
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atica
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m
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el
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g
ch
alle
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g
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o
ciate
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e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
s
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
th
e
g
o
v
er
n
i
n
g
p
h
y
s
ical
law
s
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
d
if
f
er
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tial
eq
u
atio
n
s
d
escr
ib
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g
ch
e
m
ical
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ea
ctio
n
s
an
d
h
ea
t
tr
an
s
f
er
,
in
t
o
th
e
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
o
f
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
s
,
PIN
N
s
ca
n
lear
n
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
r
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n
s
h
ip
s
in
h
er
e
n
t
in
th
e
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
n
o
t
o
n
ly
e
n
h
an
ce
s
th
e
p
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ed
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ac
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u
r
ac
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f
th
e
m
o
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els
b
u
t
also
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p
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s
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ew
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en
u
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f
o
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d
is
co
v
er
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g
n
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v
el
g
eo
p
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ly
m
er
f
o
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m
u
latio
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s
an
d
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p
tim
i
zin
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m
a
n
u
f
ac
t
u
r
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g
p
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s
s
es
th
r
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g
h
c
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m
p
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tatio
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im
u
latio
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s
.
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n
co
n
clu
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,
th
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m
ath
e
m
atica
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aly
s
is
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er
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ted
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ased
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er
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o
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ly
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er
ch
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is
tr
y
,
im
p
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v
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g
m
ater
ial
p
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p
er
ties
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d
f
o
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ter
in
g
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n
o
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atio
n
in
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Geo
p
o
ly
m
e
r
izatio
n
c
h
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
4.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
,
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
a
s
er
ies
o
f
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ig
u
r
es,
p
r
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e
an
in
-
d
ep
th
ex
am
i
n
atio
n
o
f
th
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g
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l
y
m
er
izatio
n
p
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ce
s
s
,
e
m
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lo
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in
g
a
d
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al
a
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f
m
ath
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atica
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m
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to
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n
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er
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k
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d
d
y
n
am
ic
asp
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ts
o
f
th
is
co
m
p
lex
r
ea
ctio
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
is
a
th
r
ee
-
d
im
en
s
io
n
al
(
3
D)
s
ca
tter
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lo
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at
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n
tly
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
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r
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s
h
ip
b
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tim
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d
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e
ch
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in
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ce
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a
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o
f
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r
in
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th
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g
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p
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l
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m
er
izatio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
r
ev
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ls
a
si
g
n
if
ican
t
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
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n
tem
p
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r
atu
r
e
(
x
1
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,
r
an
g
in
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f
r
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m
-
1
to
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)
an
d
t
h
e
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h
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g
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in
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n
ce
n
tr
atio
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(z
-
ax
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)
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h
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o
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e
t
im
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f
ac
to
r
(
x
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a
x
is
,
f
r
o
m
0
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o
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)
.
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h
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p
atter
n
in
d
icate
s
a
n
in
v
e
r
s
e
p
ar
a
b
o
lic
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s
h
ip
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
th
at
a
t
elev
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tem
p
e
r
atu
r
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th
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co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctan
ts
d
im
in
is
h
es
m
o
r
e
s
wif
tly
.
T
h
is
b
eh
av
io
r
is
in
d
icativ
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o
f
an
en
d
o
th
er
m
ic
r
ea
ctio
n
,
wh
er
ein
r
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t
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
in
ten
s
if
ies
with
r
i
s
in
g
tem
p
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es a
p
h
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o
m
en
o
n
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
m
an
y
ch
em
ica
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ce
s
s
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u
t p
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ti
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ly
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el
ev
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t in
th
e
co
n
tex
t
o
f
g
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o
ly
m
e
r
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.
Su
ch
tem
p
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e
-
d
r
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k
in
etics,
esp
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u
n
d
er
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co
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ai
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o
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m
in
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t
in
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lu
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e
o
v
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th
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r
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ctio
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r
ate,
a
co
n
s
eq
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en
ce
o
f
th
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s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
o
le
p
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b
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th
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ac
t
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en
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y
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u
ch
p
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s
s
es.
T
h
e
Ar
r
h
en
iu
s
eq
u
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n
,
wh
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d
e
f
in
es
th
e
r
ate
o
f
a
ch
em
ical
r
ea
ctio
n
as
a
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
,
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
th
e
cr
itical
n
atu
r
e
o
f
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
.
Sm
all
f
lu
ctu
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n
s
in
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
ca
n
p
r
o
f
o
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n
d
ly
af
f
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th
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r
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ate,
p
ar
ticu
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ly
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en
t
h
e
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tiv
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en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
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ce
s
s
is
s
u
b
s
tan
tial.
Un
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
th
e
in
tr
icac
ies
o
f
th
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
is
p
ar
am
o
u
n
t
f
o
r
o
p
tim
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g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
y
n
t
h
esis
.
T
h
e
d
ata
s
u
g
g
est
a
m
ea
n
s
to
p
r
ed
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th
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p
r
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o
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if
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p
o
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m
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co
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s
,
f
ac
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th
e
in
d
u
s
tr
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s
ca
lin
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J I
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&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
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SS
N:
2
2
5
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7
7
6
Mo
d
elin
g
ch
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a
l k
in
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f
g
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p
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lyme
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s
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s
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r
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ater
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Fig
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3
,
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u
r
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2
.
T
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m
p
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p
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x
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m
atio
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Fig
u
r
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3
.
T
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p
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d
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ir
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t o
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a
p
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Fig
u
r
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3
s
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wn
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d
f
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p
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co
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k
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ly
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th
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in
to
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tim
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ce
n
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h
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g
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tes
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h
h
eig
h
ten
ed
m
o
lec
u
lar
ac
tiv
it
y
an
d
th
e
i
n
cr
ea
s
ed
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
co
llis
io
n
ev
en
ts
s
u
r
p
a
s
s
in
g
th
e
ac
tiv
atio
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en
er
g
y
b
a
r
r
ier
.
No
tab
ly
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th
e
ti
m
e
-
d
ep
en
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en
t
v
ar
iatio
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co
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ce
n
tr
atio
n
ch
a
n
g
es
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u
g
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ests
a
g
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ad
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al
ev
o
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tio
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o
f
th
e
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ea
ctio
n
,
with
th
e
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i
tial
s
tag
es
s
h
o
win
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p
r
o
n
o
u
n
ce
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
c
h
an
g
es
ev
en
at
h
ig
h
e
r
tem
p
er
atu
r
es.
T
h
is
p
atter
n
ev
o
lv
es
as
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
es,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
d
im
i
n
is
h
in
g
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
o
f
r
ea
ctan
ts
o
v
er
tim
e
d
u
e
to
o
n
g
o
in
g
c
o
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
.
T
h
e
b
o
u
n
d
ar
y
an
d
in
itial
co
n
d
itio
n
s
estab
lis
h
ed
f
o
r
th
is
r
ea
ctio
n
m
o
d
el
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
f
o
u
n
d
atio
n
al
f
r
am
ewo
r
k
f
o
r
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
th
ese
d
y
n
am
ics.
At
th
e
in
itial
m
o
m
en
t
(
tim
e=
0
t=0
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,
ir
r
esp
ec
tiv
e
o
f
t
h
e
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
th
e
r
e
ac
tan
t
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
r
etain
s
its
o
r
ig
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al
v
alu
e,
in
d
icatin
g
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
r
ea
ctio
n
p
r
o
g
r
ess
.
At
th
e
m
in
im
u
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
x
1
=−
1
)
,
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
r
em
ain
s
u
n
in
itiated
,
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
o
r
i
g
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al
co
n
c
en
tr
atio
n
o
f
r
ea
ctan
ts
,
r
ef
lect
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e
o
f
an
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
to
o
c
o
ld
to
ac
tiv
ate
th
e
r
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ctio
n
.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
at
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
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x
1
=1
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,
t
h
e
r
ea
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
ed
s
in
s
tan
tan
eo
u
s
ly
,
co
n
s
u
m
in
g
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
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l,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
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b
er
2
0
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5
:
822
-
8
2
9
826
all
r
ea
ctan
ts
an
d
r
ed
u
cin
g
th
e
ir
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
to
ze
r
o
,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
’
s
co
m
p
letio
n
at
elev
ated
tem
p
er
atu
r
es.
T
h
is
d
etailed
an
aly
s
is
p
r
o
v
id
ed
b
y
Fig
u
r
e
3
e
n
h
an
ce
s
o
u
r
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
io
n
o
f
g
eo
p
o
l
y
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er
izatio
n
b
y
elu
cid
atin
g
th
e
n
u
a
n
ce
d
ef
f
ec
ts
o
f
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
an
d
tim
e
o
n
r
ea
ctio
n
k
in
etics.
T
h
e
m
o
d
el
u
n
v
eils
a
m
o
r
e
in
tr
icate
p
ictu
r
e
o
f
h
o
w
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
y
n
th
esis
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
ese
f
ac
to
r
s
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
v
alu
ab
le
in
s
ig
h
ts
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
s
teep
er
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e
g
r
ad
ien
ts
with
in
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
n
o
t
o
n
ly
allo
ws
f
o
r
p
in
p
o
in
tin
g
o
p
tim
al
s
y
n
th
esi
s
co
n
d
itio
n
s
b
u
t
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
s
o
p
p
o
r
tu
n
ities
f
o
r
en
er
g
y
o
p
tim
izatio
n
,
u
n
d
er
s
c
o
r
in
g
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
an
d
e
f
f
icien
t
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
ac
tices.
Pro
g
r
ess
io
n
to
war
d
s
o
p
tim
izi
n
g
th
e
PIN
N
f
o
r
o
u
r
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
r
ea
ctio
n
m
o
d
el
i
s
v
iv
id
ly
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
es
4
an
d
5
,
wh
er
e
we
o
b
s
er
v
e
th
e
tr
a
in
in
g
an
d
test
in
g
lo
s
s
m
etr
ics
o
v
er
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
o
p
tim
izatio
n
s
tep
s
.
Fig
u
r
es
4
an
d
5
en
ca
p
s
u
lates
th
e
ess
en
ce
o
f
a
lear
n
in
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
r
ea
ch
in
g
f
r
u
i
tio
n
.
T
h
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
an
d
lin
ea
r
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
b
o
th
tr
ain
in
g
a
n
d
test
in
g
lo
s
s
es
is
a
h
allm
ar
k
o
f
th
e
PIN
N
’
s
ab
ilit
y
to
b
r
id
g
e
th
e
g
ap
b
etwe
en
th
eo
r
etica
l
p
r
ed
ictio
n
s
an
d
ac
tu
al
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
d
ata.
T
h
is
d
ec
lin
e
is
em
b
lem
atic
o
f
th
e
n
etwo
r
k
’
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ac
u
m
e
n
in
ca
p
tu
r
in
g
th
e
in
tr
icac
ies
o
f
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
k
in
etics,
a
d
ju
s
tin
g
its
in
ter
n
al
p
ar
am
eter
s
weig
h
ts
an
d
b
iases
to
r
ef
in
e
its
p
r
ed
ictiv
e
p
r
o
wes
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
ca
p
tu
r
es
th
e
jo
u
r
n
e
y
o
f
lear
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata
s
et.
T
h
e
d
ec
l
in
e
in
tr
ain
in
g
lo
s
s
s
ig
n
if
ies
t
h
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
g
r
o
win
g
co
m
p
ete
n
ce
in
in
ter
n
alizin
g
th
e
k
in
etics
it
’
s
b
ein
g
tr
ain
e
d
o
n
,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
a
r
o
b
u
s
t
lear
n
i
n
g
cu
r
v
e
n
o
t
m
ar
r
e
d
b
y
s
tag
n
atio
n
o
r
r
eg
r
ess
io
n
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
ex
ten
d
s
th
is
n
ar
r
ativ
e
to
u
n
s
ee
n
d
ata,
s
h
o
wca
s
in
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
ap
titu
d
e
to
ap
p
ly
lear
n
ed
p
r
in
cip
les
b
ey
o
n
d
th
e
c
o
n
f
in
es
o
f
its
tr
ain
in
g
d
ata.
T
h
e
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
test
in
g
lo
s
s
co
r
r
o
b
o
r
ates
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
ab
ilit
y
t
o
g
en
er
alize
well,
m
itig
atin
g
c
o
n
ce
r
n
s
o
f
o
v
er
-
f
itti
n
g
an
d
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
i
n
g
its
ad
a
p
tab
ilit
y
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
g
en
ce
o
b
s
er
v
ed
in
th
ese
p
lo
ts
s
ig
n
als
m
o
r
e
th
an
ju
s
t
a
s
u
cc
es
s
f
u
l
o
p
tim
izatio
n
it
d
en
o
tes
th
e
PIN
N
’
s
ad
h
er
en
ce
to
th
e
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
p
h
y
s
ical
laws
th
at
g
o
v
e
r
n
th
e
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
c
h
o
s
en
o
p
tim
izatio
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
s
tan
d
v
ali
d
ated
as
“
g
o
o
d
o
p
tim
izer
s
,
”
a
d
ep
t
at
n
a
v
ig
atin
g
th
e
co
m
p
le
x
p
ar
a
m
et
er
s
p
ac
e
to
e
n
h
an
ce
b
o
th
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
g
en
er
al
izab
ilit
y
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
r
e
d
i
ctio
n
s
.
C
r
u
cially
,
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
alig
n
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
with
th
e
p
r
ed
ef
in
e
d
p
h
y
s
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
r
ea
f
f
ir
m
s
th
e
PIN
N
’
s
ca
p
ac
ity
to
n
o
t
m
er
el
y
f
it
d
ata
b
u
t
to
d
o
s
o
in
a
m
an
n
e
r
th
at
r
esp
ec
ts
th
e
s
cien
tific
p
r
in
cip
les
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
g
e
o
p
o
l
y
m
er
c
h
em
is
tr
y
.
T
h
is
co
n
g
r
u
e
n
ce
b
etwe
en
d
ata
-
d
r
iv
e
n
lear
n
in
g
an
d
p
h
y
s
ical
law
co
m
p
lian
c
e
r
ein
f
o
r
ce
s
th
e
PIN
N
’
s
r
o
le
as
a
r
eliab
le
an
d
in
s
ig
h
tf
u
l
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
is
s
ec
tin
g
an
d
f
o
r
ec
asti
n
g
th
e
d
y
n
a
m
ics
o
f
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
s
,
o
p
en
i
n
g
u
p
n
ew
av
en
u
es
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
m
ater
ial
c
o
m
p
o
s
itio
n
s
an
d
r
ea
ctio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
in
th
e
p
u
r
s
u
it o
f
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
r
ain
in
g
l
o
s
s
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
esti
n
g
l
o
s
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J I
n
f
&
C
o
m
m
u
n
T
ec
h
n
o
l
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
7
6
Mo
d
elin
g
ch
emic
a
l k
in
etics o
f
g
eo
p
o
lyme
r
s
u
s
in
g
p
h
ysics
in
fo
r
med
n
eu
r
a
l n
etw
o
r
k
(
B
less
o
A
b
r
a
h
a
m)
827
Fig
u
r
e
6
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
s
a
3
D
s
ca
tter
p
lo
t
th
at
ex
p
lo
r
es
th
e
in
ter
p
lay
b
etwe
en
tem
p
er
at
u
r
e,
tim
e,
an
d
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
ch
a
n
g
e
d
u
r
in
g
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
.
Un
lik
e
ea
r
lier
s
tag
es
f
o
c
u
s
ed
o
n
tem
p
e
r
atu
r
e
’
s
im
m
e
d
iate
ef
f
ec
ts
,
th
is
f
ig
u
r
e
s
u
g
g
ests
a
tr
an
s
itio
n
to
a
p
h
ase
w
h
er
e
tim
e
b
ec
o
m
es
th
e
d
o
m
in
an
t
f
ac
to
r
in
f
lu
en
ci
n
g
r
ea
ctan
t
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
.
T
h
is
s
h
if
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
i
n
to
a
d
v
an
ce
d
s
tag
es,
lik
el
y
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
to
cu
r
in
g
o
r
s
et
tin
g
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es
cr
itical
f
o
r
th
e
m
ater
ial
’
s
f
in
al
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
i
m
p
li
es
th
at
af
ter
th
e
in
itial,
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
-
s
en
s
itiv
e
p
h
ase,
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
’
s
k
in
etics
ar
e
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
ly
g
o
v
er
n
ed
b
y
tim
e
-
d
ep
en
d
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
es,
s
u
ch
as
d
if
f
u
s
io
n
o
r
s
lo
w
r
ea
ctio
n
s
a
m
o
n
g
r
em
ain
in
g
r
ea
ctan
ts
.
I
f
attr
ib
u
ted
to
PIN
N
m
o
d
elin
g
,
t
h
e
d
ata
d
is
tr
ib
u
ti
o
n
r
ef
l
ec
ts
an
im
p
r
o
v
e
d
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
e
r
izatio
n
d
y
n
am
ics,
h
ig
h
lig
h
tin
g
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
en
h
a
n
ce
d
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
v
er
tim
e
an
d
ac
r
o
s
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
es.
T
h
is
ad
v
an
ce
m
en
t
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
f
in
e
-
tu
n
in
g
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
s
y
n
th
esis
,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
c
u
r
i
n
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
an
d
m
ix
d
esig
n
to
ac
h
iev
e
d
esire
d
m
ate
r
ial
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
u
n
v
eils
a
tim
e
-
s
er
ies
p
lo
t
th
at
s
p
an
s
f
r
o
m
0
to
1
0
0
o
n
th
e
x
-
a
x
is
,
with
y
-
ax
is
v
alu
es
r
an
g
in
g
f
r
o
m
-
2
0
to
1
0
,
d
e
p
ictin
g
o
s
cillato
r
y
b
eh
av
i
o
r
p
o
te
n
tially
in
d
icativ
e
o
f
k
e
y
r
ea
ctio
n
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
o
r
m
o
d
el
lear
n
in
g
m
etr
ics
in
th
e
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
T
h
e
p
lo
t
’
s
in
itial
h
ig
h
am
p
litu
d
e
f
lu
c
tu
atio
n
s
,
g
r
ad
u
ally
tap
er
in
g
to
m
o
r
e
c
o
n
s
is
ten
t,
p
er
io
d
ic
o
s
cillatio
n
s
,
o
f
f
e
r
in
s
ig
h
t
in
to
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
s
o
r
m
o
d
el
’
s
ev
o
lu
tio
n
o
v
er
tim
e.
S
h
o
u
ld
th
ese
o
s
cillatio
n
s
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
t
o
r
ea
ctio
n
k
in
et
ics,
th
ey
m
i
g
h
t
r
e
f
lect
v
a
r
iab
l
e
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
s
u
ch
as
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
p
r
ess
u
r
e,
o
r
v
is
co
s
ity
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tic
o
f
tr
an
s
itio
n
in
g
f
r
o
m
th
e
h
ig
h
ly
r
ea
ct
iv
e
in
itial
m
ix
in
g
p
h
ase
to
a
m
o
r
e
s
tab
le
s
tate
as
th
e
r
ea
ct
io
n
n
ea
r
s
co
m
p
letio
n
.
T
h
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
is
cr
itical
f
o
r
p
in
p
o
in
tin
g
o
p
tim
al
s
tag
es
f
o
r
in
ter
v
en
tio
n
,
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
,
o
r
cu
r
in
g
in
th
e
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
e
r
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
Alter
n
ativ
ely
,
if
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
t
h
e
PIN
N
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics,
th
e
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
am
p
litu
d
e
in
f
lu
ctu
atio
n
s
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
y
th
e
m
o
d
el
’
s
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
an
d
r
ef
in
em
e
n
t,
ac
h
iev
in
g
a
s
tab
ilized
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
a
n
d
p
r
ed
ictio
n
o
f
th
e
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
d
y
n
am
ics.
T
h
is
lear
n
in
g
cu
r
v
e
u
n
d
er
s
co
r
es
th
e
PIN
N
’
s
g
r
o
win
g
p
r
o
f
icien
c
y
an
d
its
im
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
o
p
tim
izin
g
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
co
n
d
itio
n
s
to
e
n
h
an
ce
m
ater
ial
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
.
Fig
u
r
es
th
u
s
en
ca
p
s
u
late
th
e
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
an
d
p
r
o
g
r
ess
io
n
o
f
th
e
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
wh
eth
er
th
r
o
u
g
h
d
ir
ec
t
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
o
r
as
a
r
ef
lectio
n
o
f
th
e
c
o
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
el
’
s
o
p
tim
iz
atio
n
jo
u
r
n
e
y
.
T
h
is
an
aly
s
is
is
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tal
in
ad
v
an
cin
g
o
u
r
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
i
n
g
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
y
n
t
h
esis
an
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
cu
ttin
g
-
ed
g
e
m
o
d
elin
g
tech
n
iq
u
es to
d
r
iv
e
i
n
n
o
v
atio
n
s
in
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ater
ials
.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
R
ea
ctio
n
k
in
etics in
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
izatio
n
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
T
im
e
-
s
er
ies an
aly
s
is
o
f
g
e
o
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
co
m
p
r
e
h
en
s
iv
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
th
r
o
u
g
h
b
o
th
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
an
d
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
m
p
u
tatio
n
al
m
o
d
elin
g
h
as
y
ield
ed
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
k
in
etics
o
f
th
is
s
u
s
tain
ab
le
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
m
ate
r
ial.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
d
ata
h
as
p
r
o
v
id
e
d
r
o
b
u
s
t
r
ate
co
n
s
tan
ts
an
d
Ar
r
h
en
i
u
s
p
ar
am
eter
s
,
wh
ich
,
wh
en
in
p
u
t
in
to
th
e
PIN
N,
allo
w
f
o
r
p
r
ec
is
e
m
o
d
elin
g
o
f
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
d
y
n
am
ics
a
t
v
ar
io
u
s
tem
p
er
atu
r
es a
n
d
o
v
e
r
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
tim
e
s
tep
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
a
PI
NN
f
o
r
th
is
ap
p
licatio
n
g
o
es b
ey
o
n
d
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
o
p
tim
izatio
n
;
it o
f
f
er
s
a
p
r
e
d
ic
tiv
e
to
o
l
th
at
u
tili
ze
s
th
e
f
u
n
d
a
m
en
tals
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lea
r
n
in
g
wh
ile
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
th
e
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
p
h
y
s
ical
la
ws
th
at
g
o
v
e
r
n
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
izatio
n
.
B
y
f
ee
d
in
g
t
h
e
n
etwo
r
k
ac
cu
r
ate
ex
p
e
r
im
en
tal
d
ata
o
n
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
c
h
an
g
e
s
o
v
er
tim
e,
t
h
e
PIN
N
b
ec
o
m
es
f
in
ely
tu
n
e
d
to
p
r
ed
ict
t
h
e
r
ea
ctio
n
’
s
b
eh
a
v
io
r
u
n
d
er
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
.
W
ith
th
ese
o
p
tim
ized
m
o
d
els,
th
e
co
n
s
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
v
alu
ab
le
an
d
r
ar
e
m
ater
ials
ca
n
b
e
m
in
im
ized
b
y
f
in
e
-
t
u
n
in
g
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
p
a
r
am
eter
s
.
T
h
e
ab
ilit
y
to
ad
ju
s
t
tem
p
er
atu
r
es
to
in
f
lu
en
ce
th
e
r
ea
ctio
n
k
in
etics o
p
en
s
th
e
d
o
o
r
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t u
s
e
o
f
r
eso
u
r
ce
s
an
d
a
r
ed
u
ctio
n
in
th
e
c
o
s
ts
as
s
o
ciate
d
with
g
eo
p
o
l
y
m
er
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
th
e
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
m
o
d
el
ca
n
ass
is
t
in
id
en
t
if
y
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
r
an
g
e
f
o
r
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
y
n
th
esis
,
alo
n
g
with
s
u
i
t
ab
le
ca
taly
s
ts
,
b
y
lev
er
ag
in
g
its
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N:
2
2
5
2
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8
7
7
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I
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m
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n
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h
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th
e
ac
tiv
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n
e
n
er
g
y
in
v
o
lv
e
d
in
th
e
p
r
o
ce
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s
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ce
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ica
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ce
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r
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er
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n
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er
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in
g
o
f
th
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ctio
n
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ec
h
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is
m
s
,
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ca
n
h
el
p
in
d
esig
n
i
n
g
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
m
ix
t
u
r
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th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
o
n
ly
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
b
u
t
also
p
o
s
s
ess
th
e
d
esire
d
m
ec
h
an
ical
an
d
d
u
r
ab
ilit
y
p
r
o
p
e
r
ties
.
T
h
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
with
tr
ad
itio
n
al
ex
p
er
im
e
n
tal
tech
n
iq
u
es m
ar
k
s
a
leap
f
o
r
war
d
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
m
ater
ials
s
cien
ce
,
o
f
f
er
in
g
a
p
o
wer
f
u
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
tac
k
lin
g
t
h
e
ch
a
llen
g
es
ass
o
ciate
d
with
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
g
eo
p
o
ly
m
er
s
a
n
d
,
m
o
r
e
b
r
o
a
d
ly
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v
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e
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ater
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