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3
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De
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20
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5
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pp.
983
~
992
I
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S
N:
2252
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8776
,
DO
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:
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11591/i
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98
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Jou
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Li
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[
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2]
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I
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n
d
t
h
e
i
r
L
S
,
whi
c
h
c
o
ul
d
m
a
ke
i
t
a
n
i
m
po
r
t
a
n
t
s
uppor
t
too
l
f
o
r
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
s
.
I
n
r
e
c
e
n
t
y
e
a
r
s
,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
r
s
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
c
o
m
pa
ni
e
s
h
a
v
e
i
n
t
r
o
duc
e
d
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
f
o
r
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
o
r
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
pur
po
s
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
l
l
o
ws
t
e
a
c
he
r
s
to
kn
o
w
t
h
e
L
S
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
to
s
o
m
e
h
o
w
a
da
pt
t
h
e
i
r
c
o
ur
s
e
s
to
t
h
e
m
.
S
pr
o
c
k
e
t
al.
[
8]
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
a
n
i
ns
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
e
c
hni
que
RS
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
pe
da
go
gi
c
a
l
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
c
o
r
por
a
t
e
t
h
e
i
n
s
t
r
uc
t
i
o
n
a
l
t
e
c
hni
qu
e
s
m
o
s
t
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
to
t
h
e
c
o
gni
t
i
v
e
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
i
nv
o
l
v
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
s
’
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
bj
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
by
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
,
a
n
d
to
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
’
s
LS
.
T
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
m
o
de
l
i
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
F
e
l
de
r
a
n
d
S
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n
’
s
c
o
gni
t
i
ve
m
o
de
l
o
f
L
S
a
n
d
ba
s
i
c
t
hi
n
k
i
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
e
s
.
B
a
ut
i
s
t
a
e
t
al.
[
9]
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
a
c
l
a
s
s
if
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
o
f
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
us
e
r
’
s
pr
o
f
i
l
e
,
w
hi
c
h
c
o
n
s
i
de
r
s
t
h
e
i
r
L
S
a
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
ga
t
h
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
uppe
r
s
e
c
o
n
da
r
y
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
hi
s
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
i
ll
b
e
a
too
l
to
f
i
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
f
o
r
s
t
ude
n
t
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
t
h
e
i
r
pr
o
f
i
l
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
ge
n
e
r
i
c
c
o
m
pe
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
o
f
uppe
r
s
e
c
o
n
da
r
y
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
i
s
pe
r
f
o
r
m
e
d
i
n
a
r
e
po
s
i
t
o
r
y
i
n
c
l
ud
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
whi
c
h
c
o
n
t
a
i
n
s
d
if
f
e
r
e
n
t
t
y
pe
s
o
f
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
i
r
r
e
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
m
e
t
a
da
t
a
.
T
h
e
s
e
m
e
t
a
da
t
a
,
t
o
ge
t
h
e
r
wi
t
h
t
h
e
we
i
g
h
t
a
s
s
i
g
n
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
i
e
r
s
y
s
t
e
m
,
a
l
l
o
w
r
e
t
r
i
e
vi
ng
t
h
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
na
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
m
o
s
t
a
p
pr
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
to
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
’
s
pr
o
f
i
l
e
.
Do
r
ç
a
e
t
a
l.
[
10]
s
h
o
w
a
n
e
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
to
pe
r
s
o
n
a
l
i
z
e
t
h
e
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
LS
.
T
hi
s
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
i
s
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
t
s
y
s
t
e
m
t
h
a
t
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
a
s
e
t
o
f
r
u
l
e
s
t
h
a
t
c
l
a
s
s
i
f
y
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
bj
e
c
t
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
t
h
e
i
r
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
y
o
r
s
t
y
l
e
a
n
d
f
il
t
e
r
s
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
o
b
j
e
c
t
s
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
s
t
ude
n
t
s
’
LS
.
He
r
r
a
n
e
t
al.
[
11]
de
v
e
l
o
p
a
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
-
b
a
s
e
d
R
S
th
a
t
,
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
s
t
ude
n
t
’
s
LS
,
de
t
e
r
m
i
ne
s
a
n
d
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
ds
a
c
t
i
vi
t
i
e
s
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
t
h
e
s
t
r
a
t
e
gi
e
s
t
h
a
t
b
e
s
t
f
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
pr
o
f
i
l
e
.
T
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
a
l
wa
s
v
a
li
da
t
e
d
i
n
t
wo
uni
ve
r
s
i
t
i
e
s
i
n
C
o
l
o
m
bi
a
a
n
d
i
n
d
i
s
s
im
il
a
r
s
u
bj
e
c
t
s
;
T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
a
r
e
pr
o
m
i
s
i
ng
a
n
d
c
a
n
be
a
pp
l
i
e
d
i
n
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
c
o
ur
s
e
s
a
n
d
i
n
vi
r
t
ua
l
,
bl
e
n
de
d,
a
n
d
f
a
c
e
-
to
-
f
a
c
e
e
nvi
r
o
nm
e
n
t
s
.
Al
t
h
o
ugh
to
da
y
t
h
e
r
e
a
r
e
s
e
v
e
r
a
l
pr
o
p
o
s
a
l
s
t
h
a
t
a
ddr
e
s
s
t
hi
s
pr
o
bl
e
m
f
r
o
m
d
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
t
pe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
,
we
c
a
n
s
t
i
ll
f
i
nd
s
o
m
e
ga
ps
t
h
a
t
c
a
n
b
e
s
t
ud
i
e
d
i
n
t
h
e
de
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
o
f
too
l
s
t
h
a
t
s
upp
o
r
t
t
hi
s
pr
o
c
e
s
s
,
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
e
m
:
a)
I
n
c
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
m
o
de
l
s
f
o
r
o
b
t
a
i
ni
ng
L
S
t
h
a
t
h
a
v
e
b
e
e
n
s
h
o
wn
t
o
b
e
e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
li
t
e
r
a
t
ur
e
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
ubj
e
c
t
b
ut
h
a
v
e
be
e
n
l
i
t
t
l
e
us
e
d
by
t
h
e
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
de
ve
l
o
pe
d
to
da
t
e
.
b)
R
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
pp
r
o
pr
i
a
t
e
T
S
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
L
S
i
de
n
t
i
f
i
e
d.
c)
C
r
o
s
s
-
pl
a
t
f
o
r
m
c
o
m
p
a
t
i
bil
i
t
y
t
o
c
o
v
e
r
a
wi
de
r
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
m
o
de
r
n
c
o
m
put
i
n
g
de
vi
c
e
s
.
I
n
l
i
ne
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
a
b
o
v
e
,
i
n
t
hi
s
wa
y
,
t
hi
s
pa
pe
r
pr
e
s
e
n
t
s
a
t
e
a
c
hi
n
g
s
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
RS
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
LS
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
F
e
l
de
r
a
n
d
S
i
l
ve
r
m
a
n
’
s
LS
m
o
de
l
t
h
a
t
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
s
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
T
S
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
t
o
s
t
ude
n
t
’
s
L
S
.
T
h
e
pr
o
p
o
s
e
d
R
S
T
S
L
S
wa
s
de
v
e
l
o
pe
d
a
s
a
r
e
s
po
n
s
i
ve
a
n
gu
l
a
r
we
b
a
pp
l
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
w
i
t
h
s
uppo
r
t
f
o
r
a
da
pt
i
n
g
to
m
u
l
t
i
p
l
e
c
o
m
put
i
n
g
de
vi
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
c
o
m
put
e
r
s
,
t
a
bl
e
t
s
,
a
n
d
c
e
l
l
p
h
o
n
e
s
.
T
o
o
b
t
a
i
n
s
t
ude
n
t
s
’
L
S
a
n
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
t
h
e
m
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
a
ppr
o
pr
i
a
t
e
TS
to
th
e
t
e
a
c
h
e
r
,
i
t
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
F
S
L
S
M
[
12]
,
[
13
]
,
whi
c
h
i
s
a
L
S
m
o
de
l
d
e
s
i
g
n
e
d
f
o
r
t
r
a
di
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
a
n
d
a
pr
e
f
e
r
r
e
d
o
n
e
i
n
a
da
pt
i
v
e
e
duc
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
hy
pe
r
med
i
a
a
n
d
t
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
-
e
nh
a
n
c
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
[
14]
.
I
n
t
h
e
c
a
s
e
of
t
h
e
r
e
c
o
m
m
e
n
d
e
d
T
S
a
c
c
o
r
di
n
g
to
t
h
e
L
S
f
o
und,
t
h
e
s
e
we
r
e
s
e
l
e
c
t
e
d
a
n
d
c
h
o
s
e
n
a
c
c
o
r
d
i
n
g
to
wh
a
t
i
s
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d
i
n
va
r
i
o
us
s
pe
c
i
a
li
z
e
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
pu
bli
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
s
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
t
h
e
s
ubj
e
c
t
[
15
]
-
[
18
]
.
2.
S
OF
T
WAR
E
DE
S
CR
I
P
T
I
ON
I
n
t
hi
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
we
de
s
c
r
i
be
t
h
e
R
S
T
S
L
S
,
t
h
e
de
t
a
i
l
s
o
f
i
t
s
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
a
li
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
il
l
us
t
r
a
t
i
v
e
e
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
o
f
us
e
.
T
h
e
s
o
f
t
wa
r
e
i
s
c
o
m
po
s
e
d
o
f
t
wo
s
ub
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
,
a
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
de
t
e
c
t
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.
4.
RE
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RE
F
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NC
E
S
[
1]
L
.
N
.
L
i,
C
ul
tu
r
al
le
ar
ni
ng
s
ty
le
s
in
la
nguage
e
duc
at
io
n:
A
s
pe
c
ia
l
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
to
A
s
ia
n
le
ar
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
s
.
N
e
w
Y
o
r
k:
R
o
ut
l
e
d
ge
,
2022.
[
2]
D
.
H
.
R
o
bi
ns
o
n,
V
.
X
.
Y
a
n,
a
nd
J
.
A
.
K
im
,
E
ds
.,
L
e
ar
ni
ng
St
y
le
s
,
C
la
s
s
r
oom
I
ns
tr
u
c
ti
on,
and
St
ude
nt
A
c
hi
e
v
e
m
e
nt
.
C
h
a
m:
S
pr
in
ge
r
I
nt
e
r
na
ti
o
na
l
P
ubl
is
hi
ng, 2022.
[
3]
R
.
K
il
l
e
n
a
nd
M
.
O
’
T
oo
l
e
,
“
E
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
s
tr
a
t
e
gi
e
s
8e
,”
J
our
nal
of
E
duc
at
io
n,
H
um
ani
ti
e
s
and
So
c
ia
l
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
,
v
o
l.
42,
pp. 807
–
814, 2023
.
[
4]
N
.
H
a
r
r
in
gt
o
n,
“
A
s
ur
v
e
y
of
t
e
a
c
hi
ng
s
tr
a
t
e
gi
e
s
us
e
d
in
C
a
li
f
or
ni
a
c
o
mm
uni
t
y
c
o
ll
e
g
e
nur
s
in
g
p
r
o
gr
a
ms
t
o
f
o
s
t
e
r
c
r
it
ic
a
l
th
in
ki
ng.,”
U
ni
te
d S
ta
t
e
s
:
U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
y
of
S
a
n D
i
e
g
o
, 2021.
[
5]
A
.
S
.
M
unna
a
nd
M
.
A
.
K
a
la
m,
“
T
e
a
c
hi
ng
a
nd
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
pr
o
c
e
s
s
t
o
e
nha
nc
e
te
a
c
hi
ng
e
f
f
e
c
ti
ve
n
e
s
s
:
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
H
u
m
ani
ti
e
s
and I
nnov
at
io
n (
I
J
H
I
)
, vo
l
. 4, no
. 1, pp. 1
–
4, F
e
b. 202
1, d
o
i:
10.33750/i
jh
i.
v
4i
1.102.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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n
t
J
I
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&
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o
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m
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hn
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l
I
S
S
N:
2252
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A
r
e
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omm
e
ndati
on
s
y
s
tem
f
or
teac
hing
s
tr
ategie
s
ac
c
or
ding
…
(
J
uan
F
r
anc
is
c
o
F
igue
r
oa
-
P
é
r
e
z
)
991
[
6]
F
. R
ic
c
i,
L
. R
o
ka
c
h, a
nd
B
.
S
ha
pi
r
a
, “
R
e
c
o
mm
e
nd
e
r
s
y
s
te
ms
:
t
e
c
hni
que
s
, a
ppl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
, a
nd
c
h
a
ll
e
ng
e
s
,”
i
n
R
e
c
om
m
e
nde
r
Sy
s
te
m
s
H
andbook
:
T
hi
r
d E
di
ti
on
, N
e
w
Y
o
r
k, N
Y
:
S
pr
in
g
e
r
U
S
, 2022,
pp. 1
–
35.
[
7]
P
.
K
a
r
,
M
.
R
oy
,
a
nd
S
.
D
a
tt
a
,
R
e
c
om
m
e
nde
r
Sy
s
te
m
s
:
A
lg
or
it
hm
s
and
th
e
ir
A
ppl
ic
at
io
ns
.
S
in
ga
po
r
e
:
S
pr
in
ge
r
N
a
tu
r
e
S
in
ga
p
o
r
e
,
2024.
[
8]
A
.
S
.
S
pr
oc
k,
J
.
P
o
n
c
e
,
a
nd
M
.
C
a
ld
e
r
ón,
“
D
e
ve
l
o
pm
e
nt
mo
de
l
of
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
bj
e
c
ts
ba
s
e
d
o
n
in
s
tr
uc
ti
o
na
l
t
e
c
hni
q
ue
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
n
at
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
E
ar
ly
C
hi
ld
hood Spe
c
ia
l
E
duc
at
io
n
, vo
l.
14, n
o
. 9, Apr
. 2023, d
o
i
:
10.48047/i
nt
j
e
c
s
e
/
v
14i
9.17.
[
9]
H
.
M
.
B
a
ut
is
ta
,
A
.
P
a
di
ll
a
,
J
.
C
.
P
.
G
a
ll
e
g
o
s
,
a
nd
H
.
M
.
S
uá
r
e
z
,
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la
s
s
if
i
c
a
ti
o
n
of
e
duc
a
ti
o
na
l
r
e
s
o
ur
c
e
s
th
r
o
ugh
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s
y
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t
e
m
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
a
nd
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o
mp
e
t
e
n
c
i
e
s
of
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e
r
s
e
c
o
nda
r
y
e
duc
a
ti
o
n
s
tu
de
nt
s
,”
A
nai
s
te
m
por
ár
io
s
do
L
A
C
L
O
2015
,
v
ol
.
10,
no
. 1, p. 217, 2015.
[
10]
F
.
A
.
D
o
r
ç
a
,
R
.
D
.
A
r
a
új
o
,
V
.
C
.
d
e
C
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lh
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.
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.
R
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nd
e
,
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nd
R
.
G
.
C
a
tt
e
la
n,
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A
n
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ut
o
ma
ti
c
a
nd
d
y
na
mi
c
a
ppr
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
pe
r
s
o
na
li
z
e
d
r
e
c
o
mm
e
nda
ti
o
n
of
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
o
bj
e
c
ts
c
o
ns
id
e
r
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
s
:
a
n
e
x
p
e
r
im
e
nt
a
l
a
na
l
y
s
is
,”
I
nf
or
m
at
ic
s
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E
duc
at
io
n
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. 15, n
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i:
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A
.
O
.
H
e
r
r
a
n,
P
.
A
.
R
.
M
a
r
ín
,
a
nd
N
.
D
.
D
.
M
é
nde
z
,
“
R
e
c
o
m
me
nda
ti
o
n
o
f
c
us
to
m
iz
e
d
le
a
r
n
in
g
s
tr
a
t
e
gi
e
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
th
e
C
H
A
E
A
t
e
s
t,
”
Sc
ie
nt
ia
e
t
T
e
c
hni
c
a
, vo
l.
23, n
o
. 2, pp. 222
–
229, 2018, d
o
i:
10.22517/23447214
.16781.
[
12]
S
upa
nga
t
a
nd
M
.
Z
.
B
in
S
a
r
in
ga
t,
“
A
s
y
s
t
e
ma
ti
c
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
i
e
w
e
nha
n
c
e
d
f
e
ld
e
r
s
il
v
e
r
ma
n
le
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
m
o
d
e
ls
(
F
S
L
S
M
)
,
”
in
2022
7t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
I
n
f
or
m
at
ic
s
a
nd
C
om
put
in
g,
I
C
I
C
2022
,
D
e
c
.
2022,
pp.
1
–
7,
do
i:
10.1109/I
C
I
C
56845.2022.10006958.
[
13]
M
.
S
.
F
a
a
th
im
a
F
a
y
a
z
a
a
nd
S
.
A
ha
nga
ma
,
“
U
s
e
of
f
e
ld
e
r
s
il
ve
r
ma
n
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
l
e
m
o
d
e
l
in
t
e
c
hn
o
l
o
g
y
e
nha
nc
e
d
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
-
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h C
on
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
on Smar
t
C
o
m
put
in
g and Sy
s
te
m
s
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g, SC
SE
2024
, A
pr
. 2024, pp. 1
–
6,
do
i:
10.1109/
S
C
S
E
61872.2024.10550775.
[
14]
Y
.
H
.
C
ha
ng,
Y
.
Y
.
C
he
n,
N
.
S
.
C
h
e
n,
Y
.
T
e
L
u,
a
nd
R
.
J
.
F
a
ng,
“
Y
e
t
a
n
o
th
e
r
a
da
pt
i
ve
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
ma
na
g
e
m
e
nt
s
y
s
t
e
m
ba
s
e
d
o
n
F
e
ld
e
r
a
nd
S
il
v
e
r
ma
n’
S
L
e
a
r
ni
ng
S
t
y
l
e
s
a
nd
M
a
s
hup,”
E
ur
a
s
ia
J
our
nal
o
f
M
at
he
m
at
ic
s
,
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vo
l.
12, n
o
. 5, pp. 1273
–
1285, M
a
r
. 2016, d
o
i:
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3/
e
ur
a
s
i
a
.2016.1512a
.
[
15]
S
.
G
.
E
s
s
a
,
T
.
C
e
l
ik
,
a
nd
N
.
E
.
H
u
ma
n
-
H
e
nd
r
i
c
ks
,
“
P
e
r
s
o
n
a
li
z
e
d
a
da
pt
i
v
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
te
c
hn
o
l
o
gi
e
s
ba
s
e
d
o
n
ma
c
hi
n
e
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
te
c
hni
que
s
t
o
id
e
nt
i
f
y
le
a
r
n
in
g
s
t
y
l
e
s
:
a
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
li
t
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
v
ie
w
,”
I
E
E
E
A
c
c
e
s
s
,
v
o
l.
11,
pp.
48392
–
48409,
2023,
do
i:
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C
E
S
S
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[
16]
K
.
F
.
G
a
br
i
e
l
a
nd
S
.
M
.
F
la
ke
,
T
E
A
C
H
I
N
G
U
N
P
R
E
P
A
R
E
D
ST
U
D
E
N
T
S:
St
r
at
e
gi
e
s
f
or
P
r
om
ot
in
g
Suc
c
e
s
s
and
R
e
te
nt
io
n
in
H
ig
he
r
E
duc
at
io
n
. N
e
w
Y
o
r
k
:
R
o
ut
l
e
dg
e
, 2023.
[
17]
A
.
Y
.
W
a
h
y
udi
n
a
nd
A
.
W
a
h
y
uni
,
“
E
x
pl
o
r
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
’
l
e
a
r
ni
n
g
s
t
y
l
e
a
nd
p
r
of
i
c
i
e
nc
y
a
t
a
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y
in
I
nd
o
n
e
s
ia
:
a
qua
nt
it
a
t
iv
e
c
la
s
s
r
oo
m
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,”
T
e
k
nos
as
ti
k
, vo
l.
20, n
o
. 2, p. 77, J
ul
. 202
2, do
i:
10.33365/t
s
.
v
20i
2.2150.
[
18]
O
.
O
.
A
y
e
ni
,
N
.
M
.
A
l
H
a
ma
d,
O
.
N
.
C
hi
s
o
m,
B
.
O
s
a
w
a
r
u,
a
nd
O
.
E
.
A
de
w
us
i,
“
A
I
in
e
duc
a
ti
o
n:
a
r
e
vi
e
w
of
p
e
r
s
o
na
li
z
e
d
le
a
r
ni
ng
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
o
na
l
t
e
c
hn
ol
o
g
y
,”
G
SC
A
dv
anc
e
d
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
and
R
e
v
ie
w
s
,
v
o
l.
18,
no
.
2,
pp.
261
–
271,
F
e
b.
2024,
do
i:
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c
a
r
r
.2024.18.2.0062.
[
19]
S
. O
.i
, “
P
ubl
ic
L
i
c
e
ns
e
s
:
H
is
t
o
r
y
, C
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
o
n a
nd A
ppl
i
c
a
ti
on F
e
a
tu
r
e
s
,”
Soc
ia
l
L
aw
, d
o
i:
10.32751
/2
617
-
5967
-
2024
-
01
-
30.
[
20]
M
. R
ic
ha
r
ds
a
nd N
. F
o
r
d, “
F
unda
m
e
nt
a
ls
of
S
of
twa
r
e
a
r
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
:
a
n
e
ngi
n
e
e
r
in
g a
p
pr
o
a
c
h.”
2020.
[
21]
C
.
R
is
i,
“
F
unda
me
nt
a
ls
o
f
S
of
twa
r
e
a
r
c
h
it
e
c
tu
r
e
:
pr
a
c
ti
c
a
l
gui
de
to
bui
l
di
ng
r
e
s
il
i
e
nt
s
of
twa
r
e
a
nd
hi
gh
-
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
s
y
s
t
e
ms
.”
B
P
B
P
ubl
i
c
a
ti
o
ns
, 2025.
[
22]
A
.
B
a
mpa
k
o
s
,
L
e
ar
ni
ng
A
ngul
ar
:
a
pr
ac
ti
c
al
gui
de
to
bui
ld
in
g
w
e
b
appl
ic
at
io
ns
w
it
h
m
ode
r
n
A
ngu
la
r
,
5t
h
e
d.
P
a
c
kt
P
ubl
is
hi
ng,
2025.
[
23]
T
he
U
lt
imat
e
W
e
b
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
G
ui
de
:
H
T
M
L
,
C
SS,
J
av
aSc
r
ip
t
and
F
r
am
e
w
or
k
s
f
or
B
e
gi
nne
r
s
,
1s
t
e
d.
A
ma
z
o
n
D
ig
it
a
l
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
L
L
C
.
[
24]
B
.
T
h
o
mps
o
n,
T
he
U
lt
imat
e
W
e
b
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
G
ui
de
:
H
T
M
L
,
C
SS,
J
av
aS
c
r
ip
t
and
F
r
am
e
w
or
k
s
f
o
r
B
e
gi
nne
r
s
,
1s
t
e
d.
A
ma
z
o
n
D
ig
it
a
l
S
e
r
vi
c
e
s
L
L
C
, 2025.
[
25]
J
. C
a
s
a
l
a
nd
E
. M
a
te
u, “
T
y
p
e
s
of
s
a
mpl
in
g,”
E
n R
e
v
. E
pi
de
m
.
M
e
d.
P
r
e
v
, vo
l.
1, pp. 3
–
7, 2003.
[
26]
B
.
H
o
mè
s
,
“
F
unda
me
nt
a
ls
of
S
of
twa
r
e
T
e
s
ti
ng,”
F
u
ndame
nt
al
s
of
So
f
tw
ar
e
T
e
s
ti
ng
,
pp.
1
–
338,
2024,
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[
27]
A
.
B
a
ngo
r
,
P
.
K
or
tu
m,
J
.
M
.
-
J
.
of
us
a
bi
li
t
y
s
tu
di
e
s
,
a
nd
unde
f
i
ne
d
2009,
“
D
e
te
r
m
in
in
g
w
ha
t
in
di
v
id
ua
l
S
U
S
s
c
or
e
s
me
a
n:
a
ddi
ng
a
n
a
dj
e
c
ti
v
e
r
a
ti
ng
s
c
a
le
,”
ux
paj
our
nal
.or
gA
B
angor
,
P
K
or
tu
m
,
J
M
il
le
r
J
our
nal
of
us
abi
li
ty
s
tu
di
e
s
,
2009•ux
paj
ou
r
nal
.or
g
,
vo
l.
4
, pp. 114
–
123, 2009
.
[
28]
R
.
M
.
F
e
ld
e
r
,
B
.
a
S
o
l
o
ma
n,
a
nd
N
.
C
a
r
o
li
na
,
“
I
nde
x
of
l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
s
qu
e
s
ti
o
nna
i
r
e
,”
L
e
ar
ni
ng
,
no
.
M
a
y
,
pp.
1
–
5,
2
012,
[
O
nl
in
e
]
. A
v
a
il
a
bl
e
:
ht
tp
:
//
w
w
w
.e
ngr
.n
c
s
u.e
du
/l
e
a
r
ni
ngs
t
y
l
e
s
/i
l
s
w
e
b.ht
ml
.
[
29]
M
.
G
.
P
.
V
e
r
a
,
H
.
P
.
L
.
L
óp
e
z
,
F
.
O
c
a
mp
o
B
o
te
ll
o
,
a
nd
R
.
D
e
L
una
C
a
ba
ll
e
r
o
,
“
P
r
o
pu
e
s
ta
de
e
s
tr
a
te
gi
a
s
de
a
pr
e
ndi
z
a
je
a
c
or
d
e
a
lo
s
e
s
ti
l
o
s
de
a
pr
e
nd
iz
a
j
e
d
e
l
o
s
e
s
tu
di
a
nt
e
s
de
I
ng
e
ni
e
r
ía
d
e
la
E
S
C
O
M
de
l
I
P
N
/
I
ns
tr
um
e
nt
s
t
o
e
v
a
lu
a
t
e
th
e
c
o
mp
e
t
e
nc
e
s
of
th
e
pr
of
e
s
s
o
r
s
w
ho
te
a
c
h t
h
e
C
O
E
L
e
a
r
ni
ng U
ni
t
in
t
he
E
S
C
O
M
of
t
he
I
P
N
,”
R
I
D
E
R
e
v
is
ta
I
be
r
oam
e
r
ic
ana pa
r
a l
a I
nv
e
s
ti
gac
ió
n
y
e
l
D
e
s
ar
r
ol
lo
E
duc
at
iv
o
, vo
l.
9, n
o
. 17, pp. 58
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83, J
un. 2018, doi:
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id
e
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30]
R
. Z
a
ta
r
a
in
-
C
a
ba
da
, M
. L
.
B
a
r
r
ón
-
E
s
tr
a
da
, J
.
L
. O
. C
a
ma
c
h
o
,
a
nd C
. A
. R
e
y
e
s
-
G
a
r
c
ía
, “
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
ng l
e
a
r
ni
ng
s
t
y
le
s
a
nd a
f
f
e
c
t
w
it
h
a
n
in
te
ll
ig
e
nt
tu
t
o
r
in
g
s
y
s
t
e
m,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
-
2013
12t
h
M
e
x
ic
an
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
A
r
ti
f
ic
ia
l
I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
,
M
I
C
A
I
2013
, N
ov
. 2013, pp. 247
–
253, d
o
i:
10.1109/M
I
C
A
I
.2013.36.
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
J
u
a
n
F
ra
n
c
i
s
co
F
i
g
u
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a
-
P
érez
recei
v
e
d
h
i
s
Ph
d
i
n
A
d
m
i
n
i
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rat
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ci
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at
U
n
i
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d
a
d
A
u
t
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n
o
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a
d
e
O
cci
d
en
t
e
i
n
C
u
l
i
a
c
án
,
Méx
i
co
.
H
e
o
b
t
ai
n
ed
a
Mas
t
e
r
’
s
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