I
AE
S
I
n
t
e
r
n
at
ion
al
Jou
r
n
al
of
Ar
t
if
icial
I
n
t
e
ll
ig
e
n
c
e
(
I
J
-
AI
)
Vol.
14
,
No.
4
,
Augus
t
2025
,
pp.
3386
~
3394
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
,
DO
I
:
10
.
11591/i
jai
.
v
14
.i
4
.
pp
33
86
-
3394
3386
Jou
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y
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s
:
Globa
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mea
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SA
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s
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C
or
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s
pon
din
g
A
u
th
or
:
J
uli
us
C
e
a
z
a
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G.
T
olentino
C
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of
E
duc
a
ti
on
,
P
a
mpanga
S
tate
Unive
r
s
it
y
B
a
c
olor
,
P
a
mpanga
,
P
hil
ippi
ne
s
E
mail:
jcgtolentino@pampa
nga
s
tate
u.
e
du.
ph
1.
I
NT
RODU
C
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I
ON
H
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A
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y
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1
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,
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[
2]
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7722,
known
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I
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2252
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3387
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duc
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(
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to
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the
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it
with
other
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t
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ms
in
the
A
S
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gion.
AS
E
AN
membe
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s
ha
r
e
a
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f
or
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ti
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,
a
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qua
li
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mpr
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duc
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ti
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[
3
]
.
T
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c
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vis
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mi
s
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s
tate
ments
(
VM
S
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c
a
n
p
r
ovide
ins
ight
in
to
how
ins
ti
tut
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in
di
f
f
e
r
e
nt
ASE
AN
na
ti
ons
pos
it
ion
thems
e
l
ve
s
in
ter
ms
of
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
ior
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ies
,
identit
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a
nd
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
.
Unde
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s
tanding
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i
mi
lar
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f
e
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s
a
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s
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c
a
n
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lp
identif
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mer
ging
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theme
s
a
s
we
ll
a
s
highl
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a
s
f
or
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oll
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bor
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ti
on
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in
f
or
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l
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ve
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S
uc
h
c
ompar
is
on
is
pa
r
ti
c
ular
ly
va
l
ua
ble
in
the
c
ontext
of
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
,
whe
r
e
a
li
gn
ment
with
r
e
gional
goa
ls
a
nd
global
s
tanda
r
ds
be
c
omes
incr
e
a
s
ingl
y
im
por
tant.
2.
T
HE
ORE
T
I
CA
L
AN
D
M
E
T
HO
DOL
OG
I
CA
L
F
RA
M
E
WORK
2
.
1.
Vis
ion
a
n
d
m
is
s
ion
s
t
at
e
m
e
n
t
s
(
VM
S
)
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
VM
S
a
r
e
f
unda
menta
l
c
omponents
that
e
xpr
e
s
s
a
n
or
ga
niza
ti
on’
s
identit
y
,
pur
pos
e
,
a
nd
dir
e
c
ti
on
.
T
he
s
e
s
tate
ments
a
r
e
int
e
gr
a
l
to
s
tr
a
tegic
mana
ge
ment
a
nd
a
r
e
de
s
igned
to
guide
ins
ti
tut
ional
de
c
is
ion
-
making
a
nd
be
ha
vior
.
T
he
y
not
only
s
ha
pe
or
ga
ni
z
a
ti
ona
l
goa
ls
but
a
ls
o
s
e
r
ve
a
s
a
unif
ying
f
r
a
me
wor
k
f
or
e
mpl
oye
e
s
by
a
r
ti
c
ulating
s
ha
r
e
d
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
a
nd
o
pe
r
a
ti
ona
l
objec
ti
ve
s
[
4]
–
[
6
]
.
T
he
vis
ion
s
tate
ment
typi
c
a
ll
y
c
onve
ys
a
n
ins
ti
tut
ion’
s
long
-
ter
m
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
including
on
wha
t
it
hope
s
to
be
c
ome
o
r
a
c
hieve
in
the
f
utur
e
[
6]
.
I
n
c
ontr
a
s
t,
the
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ment
outl
ines
the
o
r
ga
niza
ti
on’
s
pr
e
s
e
nt
objec
ti
ve
s
a
nd
the
m
e
a
ns
by
whic
h
thes
e
g
oa
ls
will
be
r
e
a
li
z
e
d.
T
he
f
or
mul
a
ti
on
of
both
s
tate
ments
is
c
ons
ider
e
d
vit
a
l
to
the
s
uc
c
e
s
s
of
s
tr
a
tegic
plann
ing,
a
s
e
mphas
ize
d
by
B
a
yr
a
k
[
6
]
,
who
a
r
gue
th
a
t
we
ll
-
c
r
a
f
ted
VM
S
a
r
e
c
r
uc
ial
f
o
r
e
ns
ur
ing
c
ohe
r
e
nc
e
a
n
d
dir
e
c
ti
on
with
in
or
ga
niza
ti
ons
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
s
t
udies
ha
ve
e
xa
m
ined
how
thes
e
s
tate
ments
r
e
f
lec
t
ins
t
it
u
ti
o
na
l
va
lues
a
nd
pr
io
r
it
ies
.
F
or
ins
tanc
e
,
S
a
ke
l
lar
ios
a
n
d
Ga
nn
[
7
]
,
i
n
t
he
i
r
a
na
lys
is
o
f
e
n
vi
r
on
menta
l
o
r
ga
n
iza
t
ions
,
f
oun
d
that
t
he
langua
g
e
us
e
d
in
th
e
s
e
doc
umen
ts
c
a
n
r
e
ve
a
l
unde
r
lyi
ng
t
he
mes
a
nd
inf
luenc
e
i
ns
ti
t
uti
ona
l
f
oc
us
.
T
h
r
o
ugh
text
a
na
lys
is
,
they
we
r
e
a
b
le
t
o
ident
if
y
b
oth
c
onc
e
p
tual
e
leme
nts
a
nd
e
mer
ge
nt
dis
c
our
s
e
s
e
mbed
de
d
in
th
e
s
tate
men
ts
.
S
i
mi
l
a
r
ly
,
A
r
mas
a
nd
J
u
go
[
8
]
e
x
a
mi
n
e
d
the
VM
S
of
un
ive
r
s
it
i
e
s
to
a
s
s
e
s
s
the
ir
a
li
gnmen
t
with
the
s
us
taina
b
le
de
ve
lop
ment
goa
ls
(
S
DG
s
)
.
T
he
ir
s
tud
y
f
o
und
that
vis
i
on
s
ta
teme
n
ts
o
f
ten
a
r
ti
c
u
late
ins
t
it
ut
iona
l
a
s
pir
a
t
i
ons
s
uc
h
a
s
glo
ba
l
r
e
c
ogn
it
i
on
,
int
e
r
d
is
c
i
pli
na
r
y
c
o
ll
a
bo
r
a
t
ion
,
a
nd
a
c
o
mm
i
tm
e
n
t
to
in
n
ova
ti
on
.
I
n
a
r
e
la
ted
s
tu
dy
,
O
lus
ola
e
t
al
.
[
9
]
a
na
l
yz
e
d
the
VM
S
o
f
lea
d
ing
A
f
r
ica
n
un
ive
r
s
it
i
e
s
a
n
d
r
e
p
or
t
e
d
a
s
t
r
ong
e
mphas
is
on
g
lobal
i
mpac
t,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
e
xc
e
l
lenc
e
,
a
n
d
t
he
pr
ovis
i
on
of
q
ua
li
ty
e
duc
a
ti
o
na
l
s
e
r
vice
s
.
2
.
2.
T
e
xt
m
in
in
g
an
alys
is
an
d
K
-
m
e
an
s
c
l
u
s
t
e
r
in
g
T
e
xt
mi
ning
is
a
metho
d
us
e
d
to
e
xtr
a
c
t
me
a
ning
f
ul
ins
i
ghts
,
pa
tt
e
r
ns
,
a
nd
s
t
r
uc
tu
r
e
s
f
r
om
uns
tr
uc
tu
r
e
d
tex
tual
da
ta
.
I
t
ope
r
a
tes
th
r
ou
gh
na
t
u
r
a
l
lan
gua
ge
p
r
oc
e
s
s
ing
(
NL
P
)
,
wh
ich
a
ll
ows
c
om
pute
r
s
t
o
unde
r
s
tand
a
n
d
in
ter
pr
e
t
hum
a
n
lan
gua
ge
.
B
y
tr
a
n
s
f
or
mi
ng
lar
ge
vo
lum
e
s
o
f
r
a
w
tex
t
in
to
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
d
f
or
mats
,
text
m
ini
n
g
e
na
bles
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
to
d
is
c
ove
r
unde
r
lyi
ng
theme
s
a
n
d
s
u
ppo
r
t
d
a
ta
-
inf
or
med
de
c
is
ion
-
makin
g.
T
his
a
pp
r
oa
c
h
ha
s
be
e
n
a
pp
li
e
d
t
o
va
r
ious
s
ou
r
c
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
c
a
de
m
ic
pa
pe
r
s
,
go
ve
r
nmen
t
doc
u
me
nts
,
a
nd
onli
n
e
r
e
v
iew
s
[
10]
–
[
1
3]
.
M
i
r
a
nda
a
nd
B
r
ingu
la
[
14
]
a
na
l
yz
e
d
p
r
e
s
ide
nti
a
l
s
pe
e
c
he
s
to
e
xt
r
a
c
t
r
e
c
ur
r
ing
theme
s
,
w
hil
e
An
de
r
s
o
n
[
12
]
e
xpl
or
e
d
C
OV
I
D
-
19
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
f
o
r
e
mer
gin
g
t
r
e
n
ds
a
n
d
ins
igh
ts
.
T
e
xt
m
in
ing
a
ls
o
plays
a
g
r
owi
ng
r
ole
in
a
na
lyzi
ng
us
e
r
-
ge
ne
r
a
ted
c
onten
t
on
s
oc
ial
m
e
dia
plat
f
o
r
ms
l
ike
T
wi
tt
e
r
,
F
a
c
e
book
,
a
nd
Y
ou
T
ube
[
15
]
–
[
18
]
,
w
he
r
e
f
r
a
mew
o
r
ks
ha
ve
b
e
e
n
de
ve
lo
pe
d
to
m
ine
pu
bli
c
d
is
c
ou
r
s
e
a
nd
s
e
nti
m
e
nts
.
NL
P
,
ba
c
kb
one
of
tex
t
m
ini
ng
,
e
na
bles
the
int
e
r
pr
e
ta
ti
o
n
o
f
langua
ge
s
t
r
uc
tur
e
s
wh
ich
make
s
it
e
s
pe
c
iall
y
us
e
f
u
l
f
o
r
a
na
lyz
ing
s
t
r
uc
t
ur
e
d
na
r
r
a
ti
v
e
s
s
uc
h
a
s
VM
S
.
T
he
s
e
ins
ti
tut
iona
l
texts
a
r
ti
c
u
la
te
g
oa
ls
,
va
lues
,
a
n
d
ident
it
y
,
a
nd
o
f
f
e
r
r
ic
h
s
o
ur
c
e
o
f
da
ta
f
o
r
u
nde
r
s
tand
ing
s
tr
a
tegi
c
p
r
i
or
it
ies
.
I
n
e
duc
a
ti
o
na
l
c
ontex
ts
,
text
m
ini
ng
ha
s
be
e
n
us
e
d
to
e
va
lua
te
ins
ti
t
uti
o
na
l
c
o
mm
un
ica
t
ion
a
n
d
gu
ide
po
li
c
y
a
nd
a
c
a
de
mi
c
p
lanni
ng
.
I
t
ha
s
a
ls
o
s
uppo
r
te
d
de
c
is
io
n
-
maki
ng
in
a
r
e
a
s
s
uc
h
a
s
pr
ogr
a
m
de
ve
l
opme
nt
a
nd
i
ns
ti
t
uti
ona
l
be
n
c
h
mar
k
ing
[
19
]
–
[
21
]
.
T
hr
ough
tex
t
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
,
i
ns
ti
t
uti
ons
c
a
n
ident
if
y
bo
t
h
uni
que
a
nd
s
ha
r
e
d
p
r
io
r
it
ies
e
x
pr
e
s
s
e
d
a
c
r
os
s
doc
umen
ts
a
nd
he
l
p
in
r
e
ve
a
li
ng
ke
y
i
ns
igh
ts
n
ot
e
a
s
il
y
c
a
ptu
r
e
d
thr
ough
m
a
nua
l
a
n
a
lys
is
a
l
one
.
K
-
mea
ns
c
lus
ter
ing
c
ompl
e
ments
text
mi
ning
by
or
ga
nizing
textua
l
da
ta
int
o
mea
ningf
ul
g
r
oups
ba
s
e
d
on
s
im
il
a
r
it
y
.
As
a
n
uns
upe
r
vis
e
d
mac
hine
l
e
a
r
ning
a
lgor
it
hm
,
K
-
mea
ns
doe
s
not
r
e
quir
e
labe
led
da
ta;
ins
tea
d,
it
identif
ies
c
lus
ter
s
us
ing
pa
tt
e
r
ns
f
ound
in
wor
d
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
dis
tr
ibut
ion
a
nd
of
ten
tr
a
n
s
f
or
med
thr
ough
tec
hniques
s
uc
h
a
s
ter
m
f
r
e
que
nc
y
–
inver
s
e
doc
ument
f
r
e
que
nc
y
(
T
F
-
I
DF)
[
22
]
–
[
24]
.
T
hi
s
make
s
it
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
4
,
Augus
t
2025
:
338
6
-
3394
3388
idea
l
f
or
identif
y
ing
thema
ti
c
s
im
il
a
r
it
ies
a
c
r
os
s
doc
uments
li
ke
VM
S
.
P
a
s
t
s
tudi
e
s
ha
ve
us
e
d
K
-
m
e
a
ns
to
a
na
lyze
va
r
ious
text
c
ontent
r
a
nging
f
r
om
publi
c
doc
uments
,
mi
c
r
oblogs
,
onli
ne
f
o
r
ums
,
job
a
d
s
,
publi
c
s
pe
e
c
he
s
,
a
nd
s
oc
ial
media
f
e
e
dba
c
k
[
25
]
–
[
27]
.
2
.
3
.
Re
s
e
ar
c
h
p
r
ob
lem
s
T
he
VM
S
of
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ins
ti
tut
ions
r
e
f
lec
t
t
he
ir
identit
y,
pu
r
pos
e
,
a
nd
s
tr
a
tegic
dir
e
c
ti
on
.
T
he
s
e
s
tate
ments
r
e
ve
a
l
how
univer
s
it
ie
s
pe
r
c
e
ive
their
r
ole
in
na
ti
ona
l
a
nd
global
c
ontexts
a
nd
how
t
he
y
a
im
to
c
ontr
ibut
e
to
s
oc
ieta
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt.
I
n
the
P
h
il
ippi
ne
c
ontext,
a
na
lyzing
the
VM
S
of
S
UC
s
c
a
n
pr
ovide
ins
ight
s
int
o
c
omm
on
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
,
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
pr
ior
it
ies
,
a
nd
de
ve
lopm
e
ntal
goa
ls
.
How
e
ve
r
,
to
be
tt
e
r
unde
r
s
tand
how
P
hil
ippi
ne
univer
s
it
ies
pos
it
ion
thems
e
lves
withi
n
the
br
oa
de
r
r
e
gional
la
nds
c
a
pe
,
it
is
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
to
c
ompar
e
their
VM
S
with
thos
e
of
univer
s
it
ies
in
other
AS
E
AN
c
ountr
ies
.
S
uc
h
a
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
a
na
lys
is
c
a
n
highl
ight
s
ha
r
e
d
r
e
gional
va
lues
,
uniq
ue
na
ti
ona
l
pr
ior
it
ies
,
a
nd
potential
a
r
e
a
s
f
or
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
or
dif
f
e
r
e
nti
a
ti
on.
B
y
a
pplyi
ng
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lu
s
ter
ing
to
the
VM
S
of
univer
s
it
ies
in
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
s
a
nd
s
e
lec
ted
ASE
AN
c
ountr
ies
,
thi
s
s
tudy
a
im
s
to
a
ns
we
r
the
f
o
ll
owing
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
que
s
ti
ons
:
‒
W
ha
t
thema
ti
c
tr
e
nds
c
a
n
be
identi
f
ied
in
the
VM
S
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
?
‒
How
do
the
VM
S
o
f
unive
r
s
it
ies
in
o
ther
A
S
E
A
N
c
ountr
ies
c
ompar
e
with
thos
e
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
U
C
s
in
ter
ms
of
thema
ti
c
c
ontent,
p
r
ior
it
ies
,
a
nd
a
s
pir
a
ti
on
s
?
3.
M
E
T
HO
D
3.
1.
Re
s
e
ar
c
h
ap
p
r
oac
h
T
he
s
tudy
a
dopted
da
ta
m
ini
ng
a
s
the
main
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
ppr
oa
c
h.
I
t
f
oc
us
e
d
on
a
na
lyzing
the
VM
S
o
f
univer
s
it
ies
in
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
s
a
nd
other
ASE
A
N
c
ountr
ies
.
S
hu
a
nd
Ye
[
28]
de
s
c
r
ibe
da
ta
mi
ning
a
s
a
method
f
or
e
xtr
a
c
ti
ng
mea
ningf
ul
ins
ight
s
f
r
om
l
a
r
ge
da
tas
e
ts
.
T
his
a
ppr
oa
c
h
a
ll
ows
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
t
o
de
tec
t
c
ompl
e
x
pa
tt
e
r
ns
a
nd
r
e
lations
hips
withi
n
e
xt
e
ns
ive
da
ta
[
28]
.
Da
ta
mi
n
ing
a
ls
o
e
na
bles
s
c
a
lable
i
nve
s
ti
ga
ti
ons
,
whic
h
make
s
it
a
ppr
opr
iate
f
or
s
tudi
e
s
invol
ving
dyna
mi
c
a
nd
c
r
os
s
-
r
e
gional
c
om
pa
r
is
ons
.
I
n
thi
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lus
ter
ing
wa
s
a
ppli
e
d
to
d
is
c
ove
r
thema
ti
c
pa
tt
e
r
ns
.
T
he
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
a
na
lys
is
e
xa
mi
ne
d
how
the
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
a
nd
s
tr
a
tegic
dir
e
c
ti
ons
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
univer
s
it
ies
c
or
r
e
s
pond
with
or
dif
f
e
r
f
r
om
thos
e
o
f
univer
s
it
ies
a
c
r
os
s
the
AS
E
AN
r
e
gio
n.
3.
2.
Dat
a
c
oll
e
c
t
ion
p
r
oc
e
d
u
r
e
s
T
he
s
tudy
invol
ve
d
s
ix
main
s
tage
s
,
a
s
il
lus
tr
a
t
e
d
in
F
igur
e
1:
i
)
text
da
ta
c
oll
e
c
ti
on
,
ii
)
da
ta
pr
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
i
ng
whic
h
include
s
f
il
ter
ing
a
nd
e
li
m
ination
of
s
top
wo
r
ds
,
number
s
,
s
pe
c
ial
a
nd
un
r
e
a
da
ble
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
s
,
iii
)
types
e
tt
ing,
iv
)
,
E
lbow
method
,
v
)
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lus
ter
ing,
a
nd
vi
)
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
a
na
lys
e
s
.
VM
S
f
r
om
117
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
we
r
e
ga
ther
e
d
be
twe
e
n
M
a
y
9
a
nd
13
,
2022
,
us
ing
onl
ine
s
c
r
a
ping
of
of
f
icia
l
univer
s
it
y
we
bs
it
e
s
.
T
he
P
hil
ippi
ne
C
HE
D
pr
ovided
a
ve
r
if
ied
li
s
t
to
e
ns
ur
e
that
only
r
e
c
ognize
d
S
UC
s
we
r
e
include
d.
F
o
r
the
ASE
AN
da
tas
e
t,
VM
S
we
r
e
s
our
c
e
d
f
r
om
the
of
f
icia
l
we
bs
it
e
s
of
378
univer
s
it
i
e
s
a
c
r
os
s
va
r
ious
ASE
AN
c
ountr
ies
.
Dur
ing
the
da
ta
va
li
da
ti
on
pr
oc
e
s
s
,
48
un
iver
s
it
ies
we
r
e
e
xc
luded
d
ue
to
the
una
va
il
a
bil
it
y
of
of
f
icia
l
E
ngli
s
h
ve
r
s
ions
o
f
thei
r
VM
S
.
T
he
f
inal
da
tas
e
ts
c
ontain
the
117
P
h
il
ippi
n
e
S
UC
s
a
nd
330
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
.
F
igur
e
1.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
w
or
kf
low
3.
3
.
Dat
a
p
r
e
p
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g,
c
lu
s
t
e
r
in
g,
a
n
d
a
n
alys
is
T
he
da
tas
e
t
unde
r
we
nt
a
r
igor
ous
da
ta
p
r
e
pr
oc
e
s
s
ing
pha
s
e
to
e
ns
ur
e
da
ta
c
ons
is
tenc
y
a
nd
a
c
c
ur
a
c
y.
T
he
pr
oc
e
s
s
invol
ve
d
s
e
ve
r
a
l
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
s
teps
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
s
tep
r
e
moved
s
top
wor
ds
to
e
li
mi
na
te
f
r
e
que
ntl
y
oc
c
ur
r
ing
but
non
-
inf
or
mative
wo
r
ds
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
s
tep
c
lea
ne
d
the
da
ta
by
r
e
movi
ng
s
pe
c
ial
c
ha
r
a
c
ter
s
that
c
ould
int
e
r
f
e
r
e
with
text
a
na
lys
is
.
T
he
thi
r
d
s
tep
s
tanda
r
dize
d
the
da
tas
e
t
thr
ough
types
e
tt
ing
by
c
onve
r
ti
ng
a
ll
text
to
lowe
r
c
a
s
e
to
maintain
unif
or
mi
ty.
T
he
f
our
th
s
tep
a
ddr
e
s
s
e
d
nois
e
r
e
moval
by
e
xc
l
uding
wor
ds
not
r
e
c
ognize
d
in
E
ngli
s
h.
T
he
f
if
th
s
tep
a
ppl
ied
wor
d
s
temmi
ng
to
r
e
duc
e
wo
r
ds
to
their
ba
s
e
f
or
ms
(
e
.
g.
,
“
a
c
hieving”
to
“
a
c
hieve
”
)
.
T
he
f
inal
s
tep
inv
olved
tokeniz
ing
the
c
lea
ne
d
text
int
o
wor
d
tokens
to
f
or
m
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
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8938
I
ns
ight
s
fr
om
the
v
is
ion
-
mis
s
ion
s
tat
e
me
nts
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
and
other
A
S
E
A
N
…
(
J
uli
us
C
e
az
ar
G.
T
ole
nti
no
)
3389
the
c
or
pus
f
or
c
lus
ter
ing
.
T
he
s
e
pr
oc
e
dur
e
s
e
ns
ur
e
d
that
the
da
tas
e
t
r
e
maine
d
we
ll
-
s
tr
uc
tur
e
d
a
nd
a
p
pr
opr
iate
f
or
the
c
lus
ter
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lus
ter
ing
a
lgor
i
thm
wa
s
a
ppli
e
d
s
e
pa
r
a
tely
to
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
a
nd
AS
E
AN
c
o
r
por
a
.
T
he
a
lgo
r
it
hm
c
a
n
ha
ndle
unlabe
led
da
ta
a
nd
identif
ies
th
e
matic
pa
tt
e
r
ns
in
the
da
tas
e
ts
[
2
9]
,
[
30
]
.
T
he
c
lus
ter
ing
pr
oc
e
s
s
us
e
d
P
ython
pr
ogr
a
mm
ing
to
pr
oduc
e
s
c
a
lable
a
nd
r
e
pr
oduc
ibl
e
r
e
s
ult
s
.
T
h
e
E
lbow
m
e
thod
de
ter
mi
ne
d
the
opti
mal
number
o
f
c
lus
ter
s
(
k)
by
identi
f
ying
the
po
int
whe
r
e
a
dding
mo
r
e
c
lus
ter
s
did
not
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
r
e
duc
e
va
r
ianc
e
[
29
]
.
T
he
ne
xt
pha
s
e
wa
s
a
c
ompar
a
ti
ve
thema
ti
c
a
na
lys
is
.
T
h
is
pha
s
e
a
im
e
d
to
identif
y
c
omm
on
theme
s
be
twe
e
n
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
nd
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
.
I
t
a
ls
o
e
xa
mi
ne
d
unique
theme
s
in
the
P
h
il
ippi
ne
c
ontext
a
nd
a
na
lyze
d
r
e
gional
tr
e
nds
a
c
r
os
s
ASE
AN
ins
ti
tut
ions
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
he
r
s
a
s
s
igned
thema
ti
c
na
mes
to
e
a
c
h
c
lus
ter
a
f
ter
e
xte
ns
ive
dis
c
us
s
ion
s
.
E
duc
a
ti
ona
l
mana
ge
ment
e
xpe
r
t
s
,
s
c
hool
lea
de
r
s
,
a
nd
s
take
holder
s
pr
ovided
ins
ight
s
dur
i
ng
thi
s
pr
oc
e
s
s
.
T
he
identif
ied
c
lus
ter
s
a
nd
c
o
mpar
a
ti
ve
ins
ight
s
we
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
to
a
pa
ne
l
of
e
xpe
r
ts
.
T
h
e
pa
ne
l
r
e
view
e
d
the
f
indi
ngs
to
c
onf
ir
m
that
the
thema
ti
c
int
e
r
pr
e
tations
a
c
c
ur
a
tely
r
e
pr
e
s
e
nted
the
ins
ti
tut
io
na
l
pr
ior
it
ies
e
xpr
e
s
s
e
d
in
the
VM
S
.
4.
RE
S
UL
T
S
AN
D
DI
S
CU
S
S
I
ON
4
.
1.
T
h
e
m
at
ic
t
r
e
n
d
s
in
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
S
UC
s
’
vis
io
n
an
d
m
is
s
ion
s
t
at
e
m
e
n
t
s
T
he
s
tudy
identif
ied
thr
e
e
ke
y
theme
s
f
or
the
V
M
S
of
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
da
tas
e
t
a
s
s
how
in
T
a
ble
1.
T
he
E
lbow
m
e
thod
de
ter
mi
ne
d
the
opti
mal
number
of
c
lus
ter
s
f
or
both
c
or
por
a
.
T
he
vis
i
on
c
or
pus
c
ontains
1,
996
wo
r
ds
with
495
unique
ter
ms
.
T
h
e
mi
s
s
ion
c
or
pus
include
s
3
,
921
wo
r
ds
with
785
unique
ter
ms
.
I
n
the
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
,
“
de
ve
lopm
e
nt”
a
n
d
“
e
duc
a
ti
on”
r
a
nk
a
s
the
mos
t
f
r
e
que
nt
ter
ms
.
T
h
is
s
hows
a
c
l
e
a
r
f
oc
us
on
na
ti
ona
l
pr
og
r
e
s
s
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
.
T
he
m
is
s
ion
s
tate
ments
highl
ight
“
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h”
a
s
the
mos
t
p
r
omi
ne
nt
ter
m.
T
his
unde
r
s
c
or
e
s
it
s
r
ole
a
s
a
c
o
r
e
ins
ti
tut
ional
manda
te.
C
oll
oc
a
ti
on
a
na
lys
is
s
hows
that
“
e
duc
a
ti
on”
in
the
vis
ion
s
tate
men
ts
c
onne
c
ts
with
ter
ms
s
uc
h
a
s
“
lea
ding,
”
“
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
,
”
a
nd
“
tec
hnology.
”
T
he
te
r
m
“
de
ve
lopm
e
nt”
r
e
late
s
to
“
globally”
a
nd
“
c
ompetit
ive.
”
I
n
the
mi
s
s
ion
s
ta
teme
nts
,
“
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h”
a
s
s
o
c
iate
s
with
“
e
xtens
ion,
”
“
qua
li
ty,
”
a
nd
“
s
e
r
vice
s
.
”
T
his
r
e
f
lec
ts
the
ins
ti
t
uti
ons
’
s
tr
ong
c
omm
it
ment
to
s
oc
ieta
l
im
pa
c
t
.
T
a
ble
1.
VM
S
theme
s
in
P
h
il
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
C
a
te
gor
y
T
he
me
T
op ke
yw
or
ds
E
xa
mpl
e
V
is
io
n
G
lo
ba
ll
y
-
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
a
nd
na
ti
ona
ll
y
-
r
e
s
pons
iv
e
w
or
kf
or
c
e
f
or
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
e
duc
a
ti
on,
de
ve
lo
p,
gl
oba
l,
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
,
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
A
pr
e
mi
e
r
in
s
ti
tu
ti
on
of
in
nova
ti
ve
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
le
a
de
r
s
f
or
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
d
e
ve
lo
pme
nt
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
of
pr
e
mi
e
r
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
pr
e
mi
e
r
,
le
a
de
r
,
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
,
na
ti
ona
ll
y,
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
A
pr
e
mi
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
th
a
t
de
ve
lo
ps
le
a
de
r
s
in
th
e
gl
oba
l
knowle
dge
e
c
onomy
R
e
gi
ona
l
le
a
de
r
s
hi
p
in
s
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd t
e
c
hnol
ogy
te
c
hnol
ogy,
s
c
ie
nc
e
,
r
e
gi
on,
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
, c
e
nt
e
r
N
E
U
S
T
is
a
lo
c
a
ll
y
r
e
s
pons
iv
e
a
nd
in
te
r
na
ti
ona
ll
y
r
e
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va
nt
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nd
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
d U
ni
ve
r
s
it
y of
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c
ie
nc
e
a
nd
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
M
is
s
io
n
M
a
nda
te
d
f
unc
ti
ons
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th
e
S
U
C
s
e
xt
e
ns
io
n,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
qua
li
ty
,
pr
ovi
de
, e
duc
a
ti
on
T
o
de
ve
lo
p
a
n
e
mpowe
r
e
d,
pr
oduc
ti
ve
,
a
nd
mor
a
ll
y
upr
ig
ht
c
it
iz
e
nr
y
th
r
ough
hi
gh
qua
li
ty
,
in
nova
ti
ve
,
a
nd
r
e
le
va
nt
in
s
tr
uc
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
e
xt
e
n
s
io
n,
a
nd
e
nt
r
e
pr
e
ne
ur
s
hi
p
pr
ogr
a
ms
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dhe
r
in
g
to
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te
r
na
ti
ona
l
s
ta
nda
r
ds
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lo
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l
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nova
ti
on
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w
a
r
d
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us
ta
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bl
e
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e
ve
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pme
nt
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ve
lo
p,
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nova
ti
ve
,
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
,
gl
oba
l,
t
e
c
hnol
ogy
T
o
de
ve
lo
p
vi
r
tu
ous
huma
n
c
a
pi
ta
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nd
s
u
s
ta
in
a
bl
e
in
nova
ti
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a
knowle
dge
-
dr
iv
e
n gl
oba
l
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c
onomy
A
dva
nc
e
me
nt
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th
e
s
c
ie
nc
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s
s
ha
ll
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pr
ovi
de
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s
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ie
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,
f
ie
ld
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me
nt
T
o
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o
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d
v
a
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e
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t
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he
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te
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hn
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a
l
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o
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e
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i
on
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l
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n
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u
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d
t
r
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in
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g
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n
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i
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e
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ie
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t
e
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hn
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og
y,
a
r
t
s
a
nd
s
c
ie
n
c
e
s
,
e
d
uc
a
ti
on
,
i
nd
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s
tr
i
a
l
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h
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gy
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ng
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e
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i
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u
a
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ul
tu
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ud
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it
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P
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ov
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lo
i
lo
a
nd
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ov
id
e
pr
o
gr
e
s
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i
ve
l
e
a
d
e
r
s
h
ip
in
it
s
a
r
e
a
s
o
f
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
i
z
a
ti
on
.
4
.
1
.
1.
Clu
s
t
e
r
s
d
e
r
ived
f
r
om
t
h
e
vis
ion
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
T
he
matic
a
na
lys
is
of
the
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
f
r
om
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
identif
ied
thr
e
e
pr
im
a
r
y
c
lus
ter
s
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
c
lus
ter
,
globally
-
c
ompetit
ive
a
nd
na
ti
o
na
ll
y
-
r
e
s
pons
ive
wor
kf
or
c
e
f
o
r
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
l
opment
,
s
hows
the
e
mphas
is
on
pr
oduc
ing
gr
a
dua
tes
wi
th
globa
l
c
ompete
nc
ies
.
T
he
s
e
gr
a
dua
tes
mee
t
na
ti
ona
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
ne
e
ds
.
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
li
gne
d
th
e
ir
vis
ions
with
global
r
a
nking
metr
ics
.
T
he
y
a
s
pir
e
f
or
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
r
e
c
ognit
ion.
T
his
f
oc
us
on
global
c
ompetit
ivene
s
s
matc
he
s
pr
e
vious
s
tudi
e
s
.
S
uc
h
s
tudi
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
4
,
Augus
t
2025
:
338
6
-
3394
3390
highl
ight
the
r
ole
of
univer
s
it
ies
in
pr
oduc
ing
gr
a
dua
tes
who
c
ontr
ibut
e
to
both
loca
l
a
nd
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
mar
ke
ts
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
c
lus
ter
,
univer
s
it
ies
of
p
r
e
mi
e
r
r
e
c
ognit
ion,
r
e
f
lec
ts
the
de
s
ir
e
of
S
UC
s
to
a
c
hieve
pr
e
mi
e
r
s
tatus
a
t
na
ti
ona
l
a
nd
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
leve
ls
.
S
UC
s
a
im
to
lea
d
in
s
pe
c
ialize
d
f
ields
s
uc
h
a
s
a
g
r
icultur
e
,
tec
hnology,
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
on.
T
he
y
be
li
e
ve
pr
e
mi
e
r
r
e
c
ognit
ion
a
tt
r
a
c
ts
f
or
e
ign
s
tudents
a
nd
pr
omot
e
s
global
pa
r
tner
s
hips
.
T
he
thi
r
d
c
lus
ter
,
r
e
gional
lea
de
r
s
hip
in
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hnology
,
s
hows
S
U
C
s
’
a
mbi
ti
on
to
e
xc
e
l
in
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hnology.
E
a
c
h
r
e
gion’
s
s
c
ientif
ic
s
tr
e
ngths
s
uppor
t
na
ti
ona
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
e
f
f
or
ts
.
Age
nc
ies
li
ke
the
De
pa
r
tm
e
nt
o
f
S
c
ienc
e
a
nd
T
e
c
hnology
a
s
s
is
t
thes
e
e
f
f
or
ts
.
T
hr
ough
pr
ogr
a
ms
s
uc
h
a
s
nich
e
c
e
nter
s
in
the
r
e
gions
f
or
R
&D
(
NI
C
E
R
)
,
S
UC
s
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
igni
f
ica
ntl
y
to
r
e
gional
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hnology
a
dva
nc
e
ment.
T
he
y
a
ls
o
s
tr
e
ngthen
c
omm
unit
y
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd
innovation.
4.
1
.
2.
Clu
s
t
e
r
s
d
e
r
ived
f
r
om
t
h
e
m
is
s
ion
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
T
he
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
r
e
ve
a
led
thr
e
e
ke
y
thema
ti
c
c
lus
ter
s
.
T
he
f
ir
s
t
c
lus
ter
,
manda
ted
f
unc
ti
ons
of
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
,
s
hows
that
S
UC
s
a
r
e
c
omm
it
ted
to
f
our
pr
im
a
r
y
f
u
nc
ti
ons
:
ins
tr
uc
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
c
omm
unit
y
s
e
r
vice
(
e
xtens
ion)
,
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on
.
I
ns
tr
uc
ti
on
is
the
mos
t
pr
omi
ne
nt
f
unc
ti
on
be
c
a
us
e
it
e
quips
s
tudents
with
e
s
s
e
nti
a
l
knowle
dge
,
s
kil
ls
,
a
nd
va
lues
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
plays
a
c
r
uc
ial
r
ole
by
ge
ne
r
a
ti
ng
s
olut
ions
to
s
oc
ieta
l
is
s
ue
s
.
C
omm
unit
y
s
e
r
vice
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
to
loca
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
th
r
ough
the
a
ppli
c
a
ti
on
of
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
ins
tr
uc
ti
on.
P
r
oduc
ti
on
s
uppor
ts
ins
ti
tut
ional
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
by
s
upple
menting
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
[
31]
,
[
32
]
.
T
he
s
e
c
ond
c
l
us
ter
,
global
innovation
towa
r
d
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
,
s
hows
that
S
UC
s
r
e
c
ognize
the
gr
owing
inf
luen
c
e
of
the
United
Na
ti
ons
’
S
DG
s
.
S
UC
s
a
im
f
o
r
global
r
e
c
ognit
ion
by
a
li
gning
their
mi
s
s
ions
with
thes
e
goa
ls
a
nd
pa
r
ti
c
ipating
in
global
r
a
nking
s
ys
tems
s
uc
h
a
s
the
ti
mes
higher
e
duc
a
ti
on
(
T
HE
)
im
pa
c
t
r
a
nking
s
[
33]
.
S
e
ve
r
a
l
P
hil
ipp
ine
S
UC
s
ha
ve
e
a
r
ne
d
pos
it
ions
in
T
HE
r
a
nkings
whic
h
highl
ight
s
their
de
dica
ti
on
t
o
s
us
taina
bil
it
y,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
a
nd
outr
e
a
c
h.
T
he
f
inal
c
lus
ter
,
a
dva
nc
e
ment
in
the
s
c
ienc
e
s
,
highl
ight
s
the
r
o
le
of
S
UC
s
in
s
c
ientif
ic
pr
og
r
e
s
s
.
S
UC
s
f
oc
us
on
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
c
ientif
ic
dis
c
ipl
ines
that
matc
h
na
ti
ona
l
de
ve
lop
ment
pr
ior
i
ti
e
s
.
T
he
y
s
tr
e
ngthen
thei
r
e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
i
n
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hnology
to
mee
t
the
e
volvi
ng
ne
e
ds
of
n
a
ti
ona
l
a
nd
global
c
omm
unit
ies
[
33]
.
T
h
is
c
omm
it
ment
e
s
tablis
he
s
S
UC
s
a
s
s
igni
f
ica
nt
c
ontr
ibut
or
s
to
the
s
c
ientif
ic
a
nd
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
of
the
c
o
untr
y.
4
.
2.
T
h
e
m
at
ic
an
alys
is
of
t
h
e
v
is
ion
an
d
m
is
s
ion
of
o
t
h
e
r
ASE
AN
u
n
iver
s
it
ies
T
he
ASE
AN
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
c
ontain
a
tot
a
l
of
4,
632
wor
ds
with
1
,
222
unique
wor
ds
while
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
c
ontain
10,
364
wor
ds
with
1,
7
64
unique
wo
r
ds
.
I
n
v
is
ion
s
tate
ments
,
the
mos
t
f
r
e
que
ntl
y
us
e
d
wor
ds
include
“
univer
s
it
y,
”
“
e
duc
a
ti
on,
”
“
le
a
ding,
”
“
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
”
a
nd
“
de
ve
lopm
e
nt.
”
T
his
s
ugge
s
ts
that
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
e
mphas
ize
a
c
a
de
mi
c
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
,
lea
de
r
s
hip,
a
nd
knowle
dge
a
dva
nc
e
ment
a
s
c
e
ntr
a
l
to
their
ins
ti
tut
ional
a
s
pir
a
ti
ons
.
I
n
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
,
the
mos
t
f
r
e
que
nt
wo
r
ds
a
r
e
“
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
”
“
e
d
uc
a
ti
on,
”
“
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
”
“
c
omm
unit
y,
”
a
nd
“
qua
li
ty.
”
T
h
e
pr
omi
ne
nc
e
o
f
“
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h”
a
nd
“
e
duc
a
ti
on”
r
e
f
lec
ts
the
ins
ti
tut
ions
’
f
oc
us
on
knowle
dge
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
t
e
a
c
hing,
while
“
c
omm
unit
y”
a
nd
“
qua
li
ty”
highl
i
ghts
their
c
omm
it
ment
to
s
oc
ieta
l
e
nga
ge
ment
a
nd
a
c
a
de
mi
c
s
tanda
r
ds
.
T
he
s
e
theme
s
a
r
e
c
ons
is
tent
with
f
indi
ngs
f
r
om
a
c
ontent
a
na
lys
is
of
top
-
r
a
nke
d
univer
s
it
ies
’
m
is
s
ion
s
tate
ments
whic
h
r
e
ve
a
led
a
s
tr
ong
e
mphas
is
on
tea
c
hing
a
nd
tr
a
ini
ng
f
unc
ti
ons
,
a
s
we
ll
a
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
publi
c
in
ter
e
s
t
r
oles
[
34
]
.
Us
ing
K
-
m
e
a
ns
c
lus
ter
ing,
f
ive
theme
s
e
mer
ge
d
f
r
om
the
a
na
lys
is
of
AS
E
AN
u
nive
r
s
it
ies
a
s
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
2
.
F
or
their
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
,
the
ASE
AN
unive
r
s
it
ies
e
mph
a
s
ize
knowle
dge
c
r
e
a
ti
on
a
nd
int
e
ll
e
c
tual
gr
owth.
I
ns
ti
tut
ions
s
e
e
k
to
f
os
ter
inn
ova
ti
on
a
nd
pr
omot
e
li
f
e
long
lea
r
ning.
S
ome
uni
ve
r
s
it
ies
pr
ior
it
ize
medic
a
l
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
s
c
ienc
e
s
,
whic
h
h
ighl
ight
s
their
c
omm
it
ment
to
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
a
nd
medic
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
M
a
ny
u
niver
s
it
ies
f
oc
us
on
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
human
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
with
a
s
tr
ong
e
mp
ha
s
is
on
e
mpowe
r
ing
indi
viduals
thr
ough
qua
li
ty
lea
r
ni
ng.
Othe
r
s
e
mphas
ize
global
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
de
mons
tr
a
ti
ng
their
de
dica
ti
on
to
s
c
ientif
ic
a
dv
a
nc
e
ments
a
nd
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on.
A
s
i
gnif
ica
nt
number
of
ins
ti
tut
ions
a
dopt
a
s
tudent
-
c
e
ntr
ic
a
nd
innovation
-
dr
iven
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
pr
e
pa
r
ing
s
tudents
to
be
c
ome
f
utur
e
lea
de
r
s
in
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
a
nd
c
r
e
a
ti
ve
indus
t
r
ies
.
As
f
or
thei
r
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
,
AS
E
AN
uni
ve
r
s
it
ies
de
f
ined
the
ir
mi
s
s
ions
thr
ough
a
c
ombi
na
ti
on
o
f
e
duc
a
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
c
ontr
ibut
ions
.
M
a
ny
ins
ti
tut
ions
f
oc
us
on
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
omm
unit
y
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
a
im
ing
to
pr
ovide
high
-
qua
li
ty
e
duc
a
ti
on
while
f
os
ter
ing
s
tr
ong
ti
e
s
with
loca
l
a
nd
global
c
omm
un
it
ies
.
S
o
me
univer
s
it
ies
plac
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
t
the
c
e
nter
of
their
mi
s
s
ion,
with
a
f
oc
us
on
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
gr
owth
that
c
ontr
ibut
e
s
to
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
lopm
e
nt.
Othe
r
s
e
mphas
ize
knowle
dge
a
nd
a
c
a
de
mi
c
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
s
tr
ivi
ng
to
a
dva
nc
e
lea
r
ning
a
nd
int
e
ll
e
c
tual
c
ontr
ibut
ions
to
s
oc
iety.
A
ke
y
p
r
ior
it
y
f
or
many
ins
ti
tut
ions
is
p
r
of
e
s
s
ional
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
whic
h
unde
r
s
c
or
e
s
thei
r
goa
l
of
pr
oduc
ing
r
e
s
pons
ibl
e
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
pr
o
f
e
s
s
ionals
.
Anothe
r
p
r
omi
ne
nt
theme
is
t
r
a
ini
ng
a
nd
in
ter
na
ti
on
a
li
z
a
ti
on
whic
h
a
li
gns
with
the
g
r
owing
e
mphas
is
on
e
quipp
ing
s
tudents
with
globally
c
ompeti
ti
ve
s
kil
ls
a
nd
e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
.
4
.
3
.
Com
p
ar
a
t
ive
t
h
e
m
at
ic
a
n
alys
is
of
P
h
il
ip
p
i
n
e
S
UC
s
an
d
o
t
h
e
r
ASE
AN
u
n
iver
s
it
ies
T
he
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
a
nd
P
hi
li
ppine
S
UC
s
s
ha
r
e
a
s
tr
ong
c
omm
it
ment
to
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
e
xc
e
ll
e
nc
e
,
s
c
ientif
ic
a
dva
nc
e
ments
,
a
nd
global
c
ompetit
ivene
s
s
.
As
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
3,
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
hig
hli
ghted
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
I
S
S
N:
2252
-
8938
I
ns
ight
s
fr
om
the
v
is
ion
-
mis
s
ion
s
tat
e
me
nts
of
P
hil
ippi
ne
and
other
A
S
E
A
N
…
(
J
uli
us
C
e
az
ar
G.
T
ole
nti
no
)
3391
knowle
dge
c
r
e
a
ti
on
a
nd
int
e
ll
e
c
tual
de
ve
lopm
e
n
t
a
s
their
c
or
e
f
ounda
ti
on.
T
he
y
pos
it
ion
thems
e
lves
a
s
ins
ti
tut
ions
that
ge
ne
r
a
te
ne
w
knowle
d
ge
a
nd
f
os
ter
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
-
dr
iven
pr
ogr
e
s
s
.
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
s
ha
r
e
thi
s
f
oc
us
but
c
onne
c
t
it
to
wo
r
kf
or
c
e
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
f
or
na
ti
ona
l
a
nd
global
ma
r
ke
ts
.
T
he
i
r
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
s
how
a
n
e
mphas
is
on
pr
oduc
ing
gr
a
dua
tes
who
mee
t
na
ti
ona
l
ne
e
ds
while
pos
s
e
s
s
ing
globa
l
c
omp
e
tenc
ies
.
At
the
s
a
me
t
im
e
,
ins
ti
tut
ional
p
r
e
s
ti
ge
a
nd
g
lobal
r
e
c
ognit
ion
a
ppe
a
r
a
s
a
major
f
oc
us
f
or
P
hil
ippi
n
e
S
UC
s
.
M
a
ny
S
UC
s
a
im
to
be
c
ome
p
r
e
mi
e
r
ins
ti
tut
ions
i
n
their
s
pe
c
ialize
d
f
ields
,
s
uc
h
a
s
a
gr
icultu
r
e
,
tec
hnology,
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
on.
T
his
f
oc
us
dif
f
e
r
s
f
r
om
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
whic
h
high
li
ghted
s
tudent
-
c
e
ntr
ic
a
nd
innovation
-
dr
iven
a
ppr
oa
c
he
s
.
T
he
s
e
univer
s
it
ies
a
im
to
e
mpowe
r
s
tudents
a
s
f
utu
r
e
lea
de
r
s
a
nd
p
r
oblem
-
s
olver
s
.
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
ls
o
e
mphas
ize
r
e
gional
lea
de
r
s
hip
in
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hn
ology,
whe
r
e
a
s
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
f
oc
us
on
global
int
e
gr
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on.
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
l
ign
their
s
c
ientif
ic
s
tr
e
ngths
with
na
ti
ona
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
goa
ls
,
while
A
S
E
AN
univer
s
it
ies
s
e
e
k
to
buil
d
s
tr
ong
int
e
r
na
ti
ona
l
pa
r
t
ne
r
s
hips
.
T
he
s
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
r
e
ve
a
led
that
P
hil
ipp
ine
S
UC
s
plac
e
a
s
tr
onge
r
e
mphas
is
on
ins
ti
tut
ional
pos
it
ioni
ng
a
nd
na
ti
ona
l
e
c
onomi
c
c
ontr
ibut
ions
while
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
f
oc
us
on
knowle
dge
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
tudent
e
mpowe
r
ment.
T
his
f
oc
us
on
wor
kf
or
c
e
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
li
gns
with
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
gove
r
nment's
e
m
pha
s
is
on
human
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
r
e
a
dines
s
in
ASE
A
N
[
35]
.
T
a
ble
2.
VM
S
theme
s
in
othe
r
AS
E
AN
univer
s
it
ie
s
C
a
te
gor
y
T
he
me
T
op
k
e
yw
or
ds
E
xa
mpl
e
V
is
io
n
K
now
le
dge
c
r
e
a
ti
on a
nd
in
te
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
c
r
e
a
ti
on, i
nt
e
ll
e
c
tu
a
l,
i
ns
ig
ht
,
im
pr
ove
A
gl
oba
ll
y
r
e
c
ogni
z
e
d
in
s
ti
tu
ti
on
f
os
te
r
in
g
in
te
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
gr
ow
th
a
nd i
nnova
ti
on.
M
e
di
c
a
l
a
nd he
a
lt
h s
c
ie
n
c
e
s
me
di
c
a
l,
pa
ti
e
nt
s
, pr
ovi
de
s
,
f
a
c
il
it
ie
s
T
o
be
a
le
a
di
ng
me
di
c
a
l
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
pr
ovi
di
ng
e
xc
e
ll
e
nt
pa
ti
e
nt
c
a
r
e
a
nd r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
E
duc
a
ti
on a
nd huma
n
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
e
duc
a
ti
on, knowle
dge
,
huma
n, c
or
e
, i
nnova
ti
ve
A
n i
ns
ti
tu
ti
on de
di
c
a
te
d t
o e
mpowe
r
in
g
i
ndi
vi
dua
ls
th
r
ough qua
li
ty
e
duc
a
ti
on a
nd l
if
e
lo
ng l
e
a
r
ni
ng.
G
lo
ba
l
in
te
gr
a
ti
on a
nd r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
gl
oba
ll
y, i
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on,
s
c
ie
nt
is
ts
, l
e
v
e
r
a
gi
ng
A
gl
oba
ll
y
c
onne
c
te
d
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
c
omm
it
te
d
to
s
c
ie
nt
if
ic
a
dva
nc
e
m
e
nt
s
a
nd c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on.
S
tu
de
nt
-
c
e
nt
r
ic
a
nd i
nnova
ti
on
s
tu
de
nt
s
, i
nnova
ti
on,
knowle
dge
, t
r
a
ns
f
e
r
E
mpowe
r
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
s
to
le
a
d
in
in
nova
ti
on
a
nd
te
c
hnol
ogi
c
a
l
a
dva
nc
e
me
nt
s
.
M
is
s
io
n
E
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
omm
uni
ty
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
e
duc
a
ti
on, c
omm
uni
ty
,
te
c
hnol
ogy, s
c
ie
nc
e
T
o
pr
ovi
de
hi
gh
-
qua
li
ty
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
f
os
te
r
c
omm
uni
ty
-
dr
iv
e
n de
ve
lo
pme
nt
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd gr
ow
th
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h, mi
s
s
io
n,
w
or
ld
,
pr
ovi
de
, gr
ow
th
T
o
c
onduc
t
w
or
ld
-
c
la
s
s
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
th
a
t
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
s
to
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
d
e
ve
lo
pme
nt
.
K
now
le
dge
a
nd a
c
a
de
mi
c
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
knowle
dge
, l
e
a
r
ni
ng,
uni
ve
r
s
it
y, de
ve
lo
pme
nt
T
o
c
r
e
a
te
a
nd
di
s
s
e
mi
na
te
knowle
dg
e
th
a
t
be
n
e
f
it
s
s
oc
ie
ty
a
nd
a
c
a
de
mi
a
.
P
r
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
a
nd e
th
ic
a
l
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
s
tu
de
nt
s
, pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
s
,
e
th
ic
a
l,
c
ont
r
ib
ut
e
T
o
tr
a
in
e
th
ic
a
l
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
ls
a
nd
r
e
s
pons
ib
le
c
it
iz
e
ns
f
or
t
he
f
ut
ur
e
.
T
r
a
in
in
g
a
nd
in
te
r
na
ti
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
tr
a
in
in
g, i
nt
e
r
na
ti
ona
l,
hi
gh
-
qua
li
ty
, huma
n
r
e
s
our
c
e
s
T
o
de
ve
lo
p
gl
oba
ll
y
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
gr
a
dua
te
s
th
r
ough
r
ig
or
ous
t
r
a
in
in
g a
nd r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h.
T
a
ble
3.
C
ompar
is
on
of
vis
ion
s
tate
ment
theme
s
O
th
e
r
A
S
E
A
N
u
ni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
C
ompa
r
is
on
K
now
le
dge
c
r
e
a
ti
on a
nd
in
te
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
G
lo
ba
ll
y
-
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
a
nd
na
ti
ona
ll
y
-
r
e
s
pons
iv
e
w
or
kf
or
c
e
f
or
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
B
ot
h
e
mpha
s
iz
e
in
te
ll
e
c
tu
a
l
gr
ow
th
a
nd
s
ki
ll
-
bui
ld
in
g
f
o
r
gl
ob
a
l
a
nd
na
ti
ona
l
c
ompe
ti
ti
ve
ne
s
s
.
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
f
oc
u
s
on
kno
w
le
dge
ge
ne
r
a
ti
on,
w
hi
le
S
U
C
s
di
r
e
c
tl
y
li
nk
k
now
le
dge
to
w
or
kf
or
c
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
.
M
e
di
c
a
l
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
s
c
ie
nc
e
s
(
N
o di
r
e
c
t
e
qui
va
le
nt
)
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
th
e
me
di
c
a
l
a
nd
he
a
lt
h
s
e
c
to
r
,
w
hi
le
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
do not e
mpha
s
iz
e
i
t
in
t
he
ir
vi
s
io
n t
he
me
s
.
E
duc
a
ti
on a
nd huma
n
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
U
ni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
of
pr
e
mi
e
r
r
e
c
ogni
ti
on
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
f
oc
us
on
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
li
f
e
lo
ng
le
a
r
ni
ng,
w
hi
le
S
U
C
s
e
mpha
s
iz
e
a
c
hi
e
vi
ng
pr
e
mi
e
r
s
ta
tu
s
in
s
pe
c
if
ic
f
ie
ld
s
s
uc
h
a
s
a
gr
ic
ul
tu
r
e
, t
e
c
hnol
ogy, a
nd e
duc
a
ti
on.
G
lo
ba
l
in
te
gr
a
ti
on a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
R
e
gi
ona
l
le
a
d
e
r
s
hi
p
in
s
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd t
e
c
hnol
ogy
B
ot
h
e
mpha
s
iz
e
s
c
ie
nt
if
ic
a
dva
nc
e
me
nt
,
but
A
S
E
A
N
uni
v
e
r
s
it
ie
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
gl
oba
l
c
ol
la
bor
a
ti
on,
w
hi
le
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
f
oc
us
on
r
e
gi
ona
l
le
a
de
r
s
hi
p i
n s
c
ie
n
c
e
a
nd t
e
c
hnol
ogy.
S
tu
de
nt
-
c
e
nt
r
ic
a
nd
in
nova
ti
on
(
N
o di
r
e
c
t
e
qui
va
le
nt
)
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
f
oc
us
on
f
os
te
r
in
g
s
tu
de
nt
-
le
d
in
nov
a
ti
on,
w
hi
le
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
pr
io
r
it
iz
e
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ona
l
pr
e
s
ti
ge
r
a
th
e
r
th
a
n
s
t
ude
nt
-
s
pe
c
if
ic
goa
ls
.
T
he
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
of
othe
r
AS
E
AN
univer
s
it
ies
a
nd
P
hil
ipp
ine
S
UC
s
a
ls
o
dis
playe
d
im
por
tant
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
,
a
s
s
hown
in
T
a
ble
4
.
B
oth
e
mpha
s
ize
d
e
duc
a
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
a
nd
s
oc
ieta
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
but
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
de
f
ined
their
r
oles
thr
ough
manda
ted
f
unc
ti
o
ns
.
T
he
s
e
ins
ti
tut
ions
identif
y
ins
tr
uc
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
c
omm
unit
y
s
e
r
vice
(
e
xtens
ion)
,
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on
a
s
their
c
or
e
r
e
s
pons
ibi
li
ti
e
s
.
Othe
r
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
pr
e
s
e
nt
thes
e
r
e
s
pons
ibi
li
ti
e
s
mor
e
br
oa
dly
unde
r
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
c
omm
unit
y
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
without
e
xpl
icitl
y
li
s
ti
ng
them.
M
or
e
ove
r
,
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
a
nd
global
im
pa
c
t
a
ppe
a
r
a
s
de
f
ini
ng
theme
s
in
the
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
of
P
hi
li
ppine
S
UC
s
.
M
a
ny
o
f
thes
e
ins
t
it
uti
ons
a
li
gne
d
their
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
out
r
e
a
c
h
e
f
f
o
r
ts
with
the
u
nit
e
d
S
DG
s
a
nd
global
r
a
nking
s
ys
tems
l
ike
T
HE
im
pa
c
t
r
a
nkings
.
T
his
f
oc
us
on
global
innov
a
ti
on
f
or
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
S
S
N
:
2252
-
8938
I
nt
J
Ar
ti
f
I
ntell
,
Vol.
14
,
No.
4
,
Augus
t
2025
:
338
6
-
3394
3392
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
s
e
ts
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
pa
r
t
f
r
om
other
AS
E
AN
univer
s
it
ies
whic
h
e
m
pha
s
ize
d
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
gr
owth
without
e
xpli
c
it
ly
mentioni
ng
s
us
taina
bil
it
y.
B
oth
other
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
a
nd
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
highl
ight
e
d
the
im
por
tanc
e
of
s
c
ientif
ic
a
nd
tec
hnologi
c
a
l
a
dva
nc
e
ments
.
How
e
ve
r
,
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
f
oc
us
on
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
c
ientif
ic
dis
c
ipl
ines
that
s
uppor
t
na
ti
ona
l
pr
ior
it
ies
,
while
other
ASE
AN
univer
s
i
ti
e
s
a
ppr
oa
c
h
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
f
r
o
m
a
br
oa
de
r
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
.
Othe
r
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
a
ls
o
plac
e
gr
e
a
ter
e
mphas
is
on
pr
of
e
s
s
ional
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
whic
h
doe
s
not
a
ppe
a
r
a
s
a
p
r
im
a
r
y
theme
in
th
e
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ments
of
P
h
il
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
.
I
ns
tea
d,
S
UC
s
pr
ior
it
ize
d
ins
ti
tut
ional
s
us
taina
bi
li
ty
a
nd
innovati
on
a
s
ke
y
e
leme
nts
of
thei
r
long
-
ter
m
mi
s
s
ions
.
T
a
ble
4.
C
ompar
is
on
of
mi
s
s
ion
s
tate
ment
theme
s
O
th
e
r
A
S
E
A
N
u
ni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
C
ompa
r
is
on
E
duc
a
ti
on a
nd c
omm
uni
ty
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
M
a
nda
te
d f
unc
ti
ons
of
th
e
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
B
ot
h
pr
io
r
it
iz
e
e
duc
a
ti
on
a
nd
s
e
r
vi
c
e
to
th
e
c
omm
un
it
y.
P
h
il
ip
pi
ne
S
U
C
s
e
xpl
ic
it
ly
out
li
ne
in
s
tr
uc
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
e
xt
e
ns
io
n,
a
nd
pr
oduc
ti
on a
s
c
or
e
f
unc
ti
ons
.
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd gr
ow
th
G
lo
ba
l
in
nova
ti
on
to
w
a
r
d s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
B
ot
h f
oc
us
on r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h a
nd i
nnov
a
ti
on, but
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
a
li
gn t
he
ir
e
f
f
or
ts
w
it
h
s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd
gl
oba
l
r
a
nki
ngs
,
w
hi
le
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
e
mpha
s
i
z
e
ge
ne
r
a
l
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h c
ont
r
ib
ut
io
ns
.
K
now
le
dge
a
nd a
c
a
de
mi
c
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
A
dva
nc
e
me
nt
i
n t
he
s
c
ie
nc
e
s
B
ot
h
s
tr
e
s
s
s
c
i
e
nt
if
ic
pr
ogr
e
s
s
a
nd
knowle
dge
de
v
e
lo
pme
nt
.
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
ta
ke
a
br
oa
d
a
ppr
oa
c
h,
w
hi
le
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
f
oc
us
on
s
pe
c
if
ic
s
c
ie
nt
if
ic
di
s
c
ip
li
ne
s
r
e
le
va
nt
t
o na
ti
ona
l
pr
io
r
it
ie
s
.
P
r
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
a
nd e
th
ic
a
l
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
(
N
o di
r
e
c
t
e
qui
va
le
nt
)
O
th
e
r
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
hi
ghl
ig
ht
pr
of
e
s
s
io
na
l
a
nd
e
th
ic
a
l
t
r
a
in
in
g,
w
hi
c
h i
s
not
e
xpl
ic
it
ly
s
ta
te
d i
n t
he
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
’
mi
s
s
io
n c
lu
s
te
r
s
.
T
r
a
in
in
g a
nd
in
te
r
na
ti
ona
li
z
a
ti
on
G
lo
ba
l
in
nova
ti
on
to
w
a
r
d s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pme
nt
B
ot
h
e
mpha
s
iz
e
pr
e
pa
r
in
g
gr
a
dua
te
s
f
or
in
te
r
na
ti
on
a
l
s
uc
c
e
s
s
.
O
th
e
r
A
S
E
A
N
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
f
oc
us
on
tr
a
in
in
g
a
nd
gl
oba
l
c
ompe
ti
t
iv
e
ne
s
s
,
w
hi
le
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
S
U
C
s
t
ie
t
he
ir
goa
ls
t
o s
us
ta
in
a
bi
li
ty
a
nd i
nnova
ti
on.
5.
CONC
L
USI
ON
T
his
s
tudy
a
na
lyze
d
the
V
M
S
of
117
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
a
nd
330
other
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
to
identif
y
thema
ti
c
tr
e
nds
a
nd
ins
ti
tut
ional
p
r
ior
it
ies
.
P
hil
i
ppine
S
UC
s
highl
ight
thr
e
e
ke
y
theme
s
in
thei
r
vis
ion
s
tate
ments
:
pr
oduc
ing
a
globally
c
ompetit
ive
wor
kf
or
c
e
,
a
tt
a
ini
ng
p
r
e
mi
e
r
univer
s
it
y
s
tatus
,
a
nd
le
a
ding
in
r
e
gional
s
c
ienc
e
a
nd
tec
hnology.
T
he
s
e
ins
ti
tut
i
ons
e
mphas
ize
d
their
r
ole
in
na
ti
ona
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt
a
nd
a
li
gne
d
their
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
a
nd
e
duc
a
ti
on
pr
ogr
a
ms
with
r
e
gional
s
c
ientif
ic
a
dva
nc
e
ments
.
T
he
ir
mi
s
s
ion
st
a
teme
nts
f
oc
us
on
f
ulf
il
li
ng
gove
r
nment
-
manda
t
e
d
f
unc
ti
ons
,
a
dva
nc
ing
global
innovation
f
or
s
us
taina
ble
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
a
nd
s
tr
e
ngthening
s
c
ientif
ic
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
ba
s
e
d
on
na
ti
ona
l
pr
ior
i
ti
e
s
.
T
he
s
e
theme
s
ind
ica
ted
a
s
tr
ong
c
omm
it
ment
to
wor
kf
or
c
e
p
r
e
pa
r
a
ti
on,
in
s
ti
tut
ional
pr
e
s
ti
ge
,
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
-
dr
iven
innovation.
A
c
ompar
is
on
with
ASE
AN
univer
s
it
ies
r
e
ve
a
led
s
i
mi
lar
it
ies
in
e
duc
a
ti
on,
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h,
a
nd
global
c
ompetit
ivene
s
s
but
a
ls
o
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
in
ins
ti
tut
ional
f
oc
us
.
A
S
E
AN
univer
s
it
ies
e
mphas
ize
d
s
tudent
-
dr
i
ve
n
innovation,
global
int
e
gr
a
ti
on,
a
nd
br
oa
d
knowle
dge
c
r
e
a
ti
on
,
whi
le
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
f
oc
us
on
ins
ti
tut
ional
r
e
c
ognit
ion
,
na
ti
ona
l
wor
kf
or
c
e
a
li
gnment
,
a
nd
r
e
gional
s
c
ientif
ic
lea
de
r
s
hip.
ASE
AN
un
iver
s
it
ies
plac
e
im
por
ta
nc
e
on
pr
of
e
s
s
ional
a
nd
e
thi
c
a
l
de
ve
lopm
e
nt,
a
theme
not
e
xpli
c
it
ly
pr
e
s
e
nt
in
P
hil
ippi
ne
S
UC
s
.
I
ns
tea
d,
S
UC
s
f
oc
us
on
gove
r
nment
-
manda
ted
r
oles
a
nd
s
us
taina
bil
it
y
goa
ls
.
T
he
s
e
dif
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
s
ugge
s
t
that
ASE
AN
uni
ve
r
s
it
ies
s
e
e
k
global
c
oll
a
bor
a
ti
on
a
nd
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
im
pa
c
t,
while
P
hil
ipp
ine
S
UC
s
pr
ior
it
ize
na
ti
ona
l
e
c
onomi
c
c
ontr
ibut
ions
a
nd
r
e
gional
e
xpe
r
ti
s
e
.
F
utur
e
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
c
ould
e
xplor
e
pr
ivate
H
E
I
s
in
the
P
hil
ippi
ne
s
to
pr
ovide
a
br
oa
de
r
pe
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
on
ins
ti
tut
ional
pr
ior
it
ies
.
E
xpa
nding
the
s
tudy
to
include
mor
e
univer
s
it
ies
f
r
om
va
r
ious
ins
ti
tut
ional
c
a
tegor
ies
c
ould
of
f
e
r
de
e
pe
r
ins
ight
s
int
o
r
e
gional
highe
r
e
duc
a
ti
on
s
tr
a
tegie
s
.
T
he
us
e
of
NL
P
a
nd
lar
ge
langua
ge
models
(
L
L
M
s
)
c
ould
im
pr
ove
the
de
tec
ti
on
of
e
mer
ging
pa
tt
e
r
ns
i
n
VM
S
.
C
onduc
ti
ng
f
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[
1]
J
.
D
.
C
.
-
S
á
nc
he
z
,
“
M
i
s
s
io
n
a
nd
vi
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
of
uni
v
e
r
s
it
ie
s
w
or
ld
w
id
e
-
a
c
ont
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
,”
M
.Sc
.
th
e
s
i
s
,
S
c
hool
of
M
a
na
ge
me
nt
,
U
ni
ve
r
s
id
a
d de
l
R
o
s
a
r
io
, L
a
C
a
nde
la
r
ia
, C
ol
ombi
a
, 2017,
doi
:
10.2139/s
s
r
n.
3051361
.
[
2]
G
.
Ö
z
de
m,
“
A
n
a
na
ly
s
is
of
th
e
mi
s
s
io
n
a
nd
vi
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
o
n
th
e
s
tr
a
te
gi
c
pl
a
ns
of
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
a
ti
on
in
s
ti
tu
ti
ons
,”
E
duc
at
io
nal
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
:
T
he
or
y
& P
r
ac
ti
c
e
, vol
. 11, no. 4, pp. 1887
–
1894, 20
11.
[
3]
M
.
A
.
L
im
.,
I
.
F
.
A
na
bo,
A
.
Q
.
P
.
N
goc
,
M
.
A
.
E
le
pa
no,
a
nd
G
.
K
unt
a
ma
r
a
t,
T
he
s
ta
te
of
hi
ghe
r
e
duc
at
io
n
in
Sout
he
as
t
A
s
ia
.
J
a
ka
r
ta
, I
ndone
s
ia
:
E
U
-
A
S
E
A
N
, 2016.
[
4]
A
.
A
.
T
a
iwo,
F
.
A
.
L
a
w
a
l,
a
nd
M
.
E
.
A
g
w
u,
“
V
i
s
io
n
a
nd
mi
s
s
io
n
in
or
ga
ni
z
a
ti
on:
myt
h
or
h
e
ur
is
ti
c
de
vi
c
e
?
,”
T
he
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
B
us
in
e
s
s
& M
anage
m
e
nt
, vol
. 4, no. 3, pp. 127
–
134, 2016.
[
5]
A
.
S
.
S
in
gh
a
nd M
.
D
.
S
ha
h,
“
T
he
c
a
s
e
of
a
ma
na
g
e
me
nt
in
s
ti
t
ut
e
in
I
ndi
a
:
r
e
c
r
a
f
ti
ng
th
e
vi
s
io
n
a
nd
mi
s
s
io
n,”
C
A
SE
J
our
nal
,
vol
.
17, no. 2, pp. 261
–
286,
2021, doi:
10.1108/T
C
J
-
07
-
2020
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0087.
[
6]
T
.
B
a
yr
a
k,
“
A
c
ont
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
of
to
p
-
r
a
nke
d
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
’
mi
s
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
f
r
om
f
iv
e
gl
oba
l
r
e
gi
ons
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
ou
r
n
al
of
E
duc
at
io
nal
D
e
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
, vol
. 72, 2020, doi:
10.1016/j
.i
je
dude
v.2019.102130.
[
7]
M
.
D
.
S
a
ke
ll
a
r
io
s
a
nd
D
.
A
.
G
a
nn,
“
C
r
it
ic
a
ll
y
e
va
lu
a
ti
ng
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
mi
s
s
io
n
a
nd
vi
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
na
l
of
E
v
al
uat
io
n and R
e
s
e
ar
c
h i
n E
duc
at
io
n
, vol
. 13, no. 6, pp. 3906
–
3913, 2024, doi:
10.11591/i
je
r
e
.
v13i
6.29277.
[
8]
K
. L
. A
r
ma
s
a
nd R
. R
. J
ugo, “
E
duc
a
ti
on
f
or
a
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
f
ut
ur
e
:
a
na
ly
s
is
of
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
vi
s
io
n a
nd mi
s
s
io
n s
ta
te
me
nt
s
i
n l
in
e
w
it
h
gl
oba
l
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
de
ve
lo
pm
e
nt
goa
ls
,
”
J
ou
r
nal
of
L
if
e
s
ty
l
e
and
SD
G
s
R
e
v
ie
w
,
vol
.
4,
no.
1,
2024,
doi
:
10.4
7172/29
65
-
730X.S
D
G
s
R
e
vi
e
w
.v4.n00.pe
01790.
[
9]
S
.
A
.
O
l
us
ol
a
,
O
.
O
.
O
lu
s
e
y
e
,
U
.
M
.
S
a
v
io
ur
,
K
.
J
.
I
e
mb
e
r
,
a
nd
D
.
O
.
A
yom
ip
o
s
i
,
“
A
c
o
nt
e
nt
a
n
a
ly
s
i
s
of
th
e
v
i
s
io
n
a
nd
m
i
s
s
i
on
s
t
a
t
e
me
nt
s
of
t
op
t
e
n
l
e
a
d
in
g
U
n
iv
e
r
s
i
ti
e
s
in
A
f
r
i
c
a
,
”
C
og
e
n
t
E
duc
a
ti
on
,
vol
.
9,
n
o.
1
,
20
22
,
do
i:
1
0.
10
80
/2
33
11
86
X
.
20
22
.2
14
36
48.
[
10]
D
.
T
a
o,
P
.
Y
a
ng,
a
nd
H
.
F
e
ng,
“
U
ti
li
z
a
ti
on
of
te
xt
mi
ni
n
g
a
s
a
bi
g
da
ta
a
na
ly
s
is
to
ol
f
or
f
ood
s
c
ie
nc
e
a
nd
nut
r
it
i
on,”
C
om
pr
e
he
n
s
iv
e
R
e
v
ie
w
s
i
n F
ood Sc
ie
nc
e
and F
ood Safe
ty
, vol
.
19, no. 2, pp. 875
–
894, 20
20, doi:
10.1111/1541
-
4337.12540.
[
11]
A
.
M
.
C
e
l
e
s
t
i
a
l
-
V
a
l
d
e
r
a
m
a
,
A
.
V
i
n
l
u
a
n
,
a
n
d
S
.
D
.
M
o
r
a
g
a
,
“
M
i
n
i
n
g
s
t
u
d
e
n
t
s
’
f
e
e
d
b
a
c
k
i
n
a
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
c
o
u
r
s
e
:
b
a
s
i
s
f
o
r
i
m
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
b
l
e
n
d
e
d
l
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
i
m
p
l
e
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
”
I
n
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
C
o
m
p
u
t
i
n
g
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
,
v
o
l
.
5
,
n
o
.
1
,
p
p
.
5
6
8
–
583, 2021.
[
12]
B
.
S
.
A
nde
r
s
on,
“
U
s
in
g
te
xt
mi
ni
ng
to
gl
e
a
n
in
s
ig
ht
s
f
r
om
C
O
V
I
D
-
19
li
te
r
a
tu
r
e
,”
J
our
nal
of
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n
Sc
ie
nc
e
,
vol
.
49,
no
.
2,
pp. 373
–
381, 2023, doi:
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[
13]
M
.
T
.
I
br
a
hi
m
a
nd
A
.
T
e
ll
a
,
“
A
na
ly
s
i
s
of
te
xt
mi
ni
ng
f
r
om
f
u
ll
-
te
xt
a
r
ti
c
le
s
a
nd
a
b
s
tr
a
c
ts
by
pos
tg
r
a
dua
t
e
s
s
tu
de
nt
s
in
s
e
le
c
te
d
N
ig
e
r
ia
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
H
ig
he
r
E
duc
at
io
n
, vol
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–
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jh
e
.v9n4p169.
[
14]
J
.
P
.
P
.
M
ir
a
nda
a
nd
R
.
P
.
B
r
in
gul
a
,
“
E
xpl
or
in
g
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
P
r
e
s
id
e
nt
s
’
s
pe
e
c
h
e
s
:
a
s
e
nt
im
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
i
s
a
nd
to
pi
c
mode
l
in
g
a
ppr
oa
c
h,”
C
oge
nt
Soc
ia
l
Sc
i
e
nc
e
s
, vol
. 7, no. 1, 2021, doi:
10.
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1.1932030.
[
15]
R
.
B
e
hz
a
di
doo
s
t,
M
.
H
a
s
he
mi
ne
z
ha
d,
M
.
F
a
r
s
hi
,
V
.
D
e
r
ha
mi
,
a
nd
F
.
A
la
mi
ya
n
-
H
a
r
a
ndi
,
“
A
f
r
a
me
w
or
k
f
or
te
xt
mi
n
in
g
on
T
w
it
te
r
:
a
c
a
s
e
s
tu
dy on joi
nt
c
ompr
e
he
ns
iv
e
pl
a
n of
a
c
ti
on (
J
C
P
O
A
)
-
be
twe
e
n 2015 a
nd 2019,”
Q
ual
it
y
and Quantit
y
, vol
. 56, no.
5, pp. 3053
–
3084, 2022, doi:
10.1007/s
11135
-
021
-
01239
-
y.
[
16]
S
.
W
u,
“
T
h
e
t
e
xt
mi
ni
ng
a
nd
c
la
s
s
if
ic
a
ti
on
a
na
ly
s
e
s
of
tu
m
or
ba
s
e
d
on
T
w
it
te
r
,”
I
E
T
E
J
our
nal
of
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
vol
.
69,
n
o.
4,
pp. 1945
–
1951, 2023, doi:
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2021.1878939.
[
17]
M
.
B
.
G
a
r
c
ia
,
“
S
e
nt
im
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
of
twe
e
ts
on
c
or
ona
vi
r
us
di
s
e
a
s
e
2019
(
C
O
V
I
D
-
19)
pa
nde
mi
c
f
r
om
M
e
tr
o
M
a
ni
la
,
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
s
,”
C
y
be
r
n
e
ti
c
s
and I
nf
or
m
at
io
n T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
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C
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A
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C
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uz
a
nd
F
.
B
a
la
ha
di
a
,
“
A
na
ly
z
in
g
publ
ic
c
onc
e
r
n
r
e
s
pons
e
s
f
or
f
or
mul
a
ti
ng
or
di
na
nc
e
s
a
nd
la
w
s
us
in
g
s
e
nt
im
e
nt
a
na
l
ys
is
th
r
ough
V
A
D
E
R
a
ppl
ic
a
ti
on,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
in
g
Sc
ie
nc
e
s
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G
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a
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“
A
te
xt
mi
ni
ng
a
ppr
oa
c
h
in
pa
te
nt
s
a
nd
pa
pe
r
s
:
a
na
ly
z
in
g
w
in
d
a
nd
s
ol
a
r
e
ne
r
gy
tr
e
n
ds
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
C
om
put
e
r
A
ppl
ic
at
io
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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S
N
:
2252
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8938
I
nt
J
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f
I
ntell
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Vol.
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Augus
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R
a
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z
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a
nd
J
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C
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C
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M
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a
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s
,
“
M
ul
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c
r
it
e
r
ia
de
c
is
io
n
-
ma
ki
ng
le
ve
r
a
ge
d
by
te
xt
a
na
ly
ti
c
s
a
nd
in
te
r
vi
e
w
s
w
it
h s
tr
a
te
gi
s
ts
,”
J
ou
r
nal
of
M
ar
k
e
ti
ng A
nal
y
ti
c
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ut
ta
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H
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B
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G
una
y,
a
nd
S
.
B
uc
ki
ng,
“
B
e
nc
hma
r
ki
ng
ope
r
a
ti
ona
l
pe
r
f
or
ma
nc
e
of
bui
ld
in
gs
by
te
xt
mi
ni
ng
te
na
nt
s
ur
ve
ys
,”
Sc
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hnol
ogy
f
o
r
t
he
B
ui
lt
E
nv
ir
onm
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nt
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P
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B
r
in
gul
a
,
J
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N
.
V
ic
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r
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M
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M
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D
e
L
e
on,
a
nd
M
.
R
.
E
s
tu
a
r
,
“
C
lu
s
te
r
a
nd
s
e
nt
im
e
nt
a
n
a
ly
s
e
s
of
Y
ou
T
ube
te
xt
ua
l
f
e
e
db
a
c
k
of
pr
ogr
a
mm
in
g
la
ngua
ge
le
a
r
ne
r
s
to
e
nha
nc
e
le
a
r
ni
ng
in
pr
ogr
a
mm
in
g,”
in
P
r
oc
e
e
di
ngs
of
th
e
F
ut
ur
e
T
e
c
hnol
ogi
e
s
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
(
F
T
C
)
2019
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[
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T
.
W
e
iß
e
r
,
T
.
S
a
ßma
nns
ha
u
s
e
n,
D
.
O
hr
ndor
f
,
P
.
B
ur
ggr
ä
f
,
a
nd
J
.
W
a
gne
r
,
“
A
c
lu
s
te
r
in
g
a
ppr
oa
c
h
f
or
to
pi
c
f
il
te
r
in
g
w
it
hi
n
s
ys
te
ma
ti
c
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
r
e
vi
e
w
s
,
”
M
e
th
ods
X
, vol
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[
24]
H
.
S
.
L
ubi
s
,
M
.
K
.
M
.
N
a
s
ut
io
n,
a
nd
A
.
A
ma
li
a
,
“
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
nc
e
of
te
r
m
f
r
e
que
nc
y
-
in
ve
r
s
e
doc
ume
nt
f
r
e
que
nc
y
a
nd
K
-
me
a
ns
in
gove
r
nme
nt
s
e
r
vi
c
e
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on,”
in
2024
4t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
of
Sc
ie
nc
e
and
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
in
Sm
ar
t
A
dm
in
is
tr
at
io
n (
I
C
SI
N
T
E
SA
)
, 2
024, pp. 772
–
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I
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S
I
N
T
E
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[
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L
.
I
.
B
e
r
li
na
,
U
.
S
.
A
e
s
yi
,
a
nd
K
.
K
ha
r
is
ma
,
“
C
omm
uni
ty
p
e
r
s
pe
c
ti
ve
a
n
a
ly
s
is
of
Y
ogya
ka
r
ta
s
pe
c
ia
l
r
e
gi
on
us
in
g
K
-
me
a
ns
a
lg
or
it
hm,”
E
m
e
r
gi
ng I
nf
or
m
at
io
n Sc
ie
nc
e
and T
e
c
hnol
ogy
, vol
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A
.
V
.
K
uma
r
a
nd
K
.
N
.
M
e
e
r
a
,
“
S
e
nt
im
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
us
in
g
K
-
me
a
ns
c
lu
s
te
r
in
g
on
mi
c
r
obl
oggi
ng
da
ta
f
oc
us
e
d
on
onl
y
th
e
im
por
ta
nt
s
e
nt
im
e
nt
s
,”
in
2022
10t
h
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
on
E
m
e
r
gi
ng
T
r
e
nds
in
E
n
gi
ne
e
r
in
g
and
T
e
c
hnol
ogy
-
Si
gnal
and
I
nf
or
m
at
io
n P
r
oc
e
s
s
in
g (
I
C
E
T
E
T
-
SI
P
-
22)
, 2022, pp. 1
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J
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S
a
w
ic
ki
, M
.
G
a
nz
ha
, a
nd
M
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P
a
pr
z
yc
ki
,
“
T
he
s
ta
te
of
th
e
a
r
t
of
na
tu
r
a
l
la
ngua
ge
pr
oc
e
s
s
in
g
—
a
s
y
s
te
ma
ti
c
a
ut
om
a
te
d
r
e
vi
e
w
of
N
L
P
l
it
e
r
a
tu
r
e
us
in
g N
L
P
t
e
c
hni
que
s
,”
D
at
a I
nt
e
ll
ig
e
nc
e
, vol
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nt
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X
.
S
hu
a
nd
Y
.
Y
e
,
“
K
now
le
dge
di
s
c
ove
r
y:
me
th
od
s
f
r
om
da
ta
mi
ni
ng
a
nd
ma
c
hi
ne
l
e
a
r
ni
ng,”
Soc
ia
l
S
c
ie
nc
e
R
e
s
e
ar
c
h
,
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M
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A
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S
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kur
,
B
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K
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K
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a
h,
E
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M
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S
.
R
oc
hma
n,
a
nd
B
.
D
.
S
a
to
to
,
“
I
nt
e
gr
a
ti
on
K
-
me
a
ns
c
lu
s
te
r
in
g
me
th
od
a
nd
e
lb
ow
me
t
hod
f
or
id
e
nt
if
ic
a
ti
on
o
f
th
e
be
s
t
c
us
to
me
r
pr
of
il
e
c
lu
s
te
r
,”
I
O
P
C
onf
e
r
e
nc
e
Se
r
ie
s
:
M
at
e
r
ia
ls
Sc
ie
n
c
e
and
E
ngi
ne
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r
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W
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H
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r
di
,
W
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A
.
K
u
s
uma
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a
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B
a
s
uki
,
“
C
lu
s
te
r
in
g
to
pi
c
gr
oups
of
doc
ume
nt
s
u
s
in
g
K
-
me
a
ns
a
lg
or
it
hm:
A
us
tr
a
li
a
n
e
mba
s
s
y
J
a
ka
r
ta
me
di
a
r
e
le
a
s
e
s
2006
-
2016,”
B
e
r
k
al
a
I
lmu
P
e
r
pu
s
ta
k
aan
dan
I
nf
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a
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A
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C
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G
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z
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,
“
C
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e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
of
mi
s
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
of
s
e
le
c
te
d
s
ta
te
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
in
th
e
phi
li
ppi
ne
s
:
ba
s
is
f
or
s
tr
a
te
gi
c
e
duc
a
ti
ona
l
ma
na
ge
me
nt
pl
a
nni
ng,”
G
lo
bus
J
our
nal
of
P
r
ogr
e
s
s
iv
e
E
duc
at
io
n
,
vol
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L
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E
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T
uyo,
“
G
ove
r
na
nc
e
of
s
ta
te
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
a
nd
c
ol
l
e
ge
s
in
r
e
gi
on
X
I
I
,
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
s
,”
I
nt
e
r
nat
io
nal
J
our
nal
of
M
ul
ti
di
s
c
ip
li
nar
y
and C
ur
r
e
nt
E
duc
at
io
nal
R
e
s
e
a
r
c
h (
I
J
M
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E
R
)
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S
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M
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J
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“
A
s
s
e
s
s
in
g
th
e
im
pa
c
t,
a
li
gnme
nt
w
it
h
s
us
ta
in
a
bl
e
d
e
ve
lo
pme
nt
goa
l
s
,
c
h
a
ll
e
nge
s
,
a
nd
s
us
t
a
in
a
bi
li
ty
of
c
omm
uni
ty
e
xt
e
ns
io
n
pr
oj
e
c
ts
in
phi
li
ppi
ne
s
t
a
te
uni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
a
nd
c
ol
le
ge
s
(
S
U
C
s
)
:
a
s
c
opi
ng
r
e
vi
e
w
,
”
J
ou
r
nal
of
H
ar
bi
n
E
ngi
ne
e
r
in
g U
ni
v
e
r
s
it
y
,
vol
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[
34]
İ
.
G
öz
üka
r
a
,
“
M
is
s
io
n
a
nd
vi
s
io
n
s
ta
te
me
nt
s
of
f
ounda
ti
on
u
ni
ve
r
s
it
ie
s
in
th
e
c
ont
e
xt
of
uni
ve
r
s
it
y
r
ol
e
s
:
a
c
ont
e
nt
a
na
ly
s
is
,”
C
hi
na
-
U
SA
B
us
in
e
s
s
R
e
v
ie
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[
35]
A
S
E
A
N
,
H
um
an
r
e
s
ou
r
c
e
s
de
v
e
lo
pm
e
nt
r
e
adi
ne
s
s
in
A
SE
A
N
:
P
hi
li
ppi
ne
s
c
ount
r
y
r
e
por
t
.
J
a
ka
r
ta
,
I
ndone
s
i
a
:
T
he
A
s
s
oc
ia
ti
o
n
of
S
out
he
a
s
t
A
s
ia
n N
a
ti
on
s
, 2021.
B
I
OG
RA
P
HI
E
S
OF
AU
T
HO
RS
J
ul
i
u
s
C
e
a
za
r
G.
To
l
ent
i
no
i
s
t
h
e
ch
a
i
rp
ers
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
D
ep
ar
t
men
t
o
f
Ph
y
s
i
cal
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d
u
cat
i
o
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an
d
t
h
e
Co
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rre
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o
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n
at
o
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t
h
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Res
ea
rch
Man
a
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t
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n
i
t
o
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h
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Co
l
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o
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E
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o
n
,
Pamp
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g
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St
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t
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n
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i
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.
H
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rre
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e
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s
o
recei
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t
h
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fo
l
l
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w
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g
d
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g
rees
:
Mas
t
er
o
f
Sci
en
ce
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H
u
man
M
o
v
eme
n
t
Sci
en
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m
t
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h
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i
l
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p
p
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i
l
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man
(2
0
2
1
);
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d
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aa
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h
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p
p
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s
(2
0
1
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).
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t
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p
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cat
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;
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d
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me
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t
;
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t
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ral
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t
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d
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;
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n
d
h
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ma
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v
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w
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h
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re
.
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e
can
b
e
co
n
t
ac
t
ed
a
t
emai
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:
j
cg
t
o
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en
t
i
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p
am
p
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g
as
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u
.
ed
u
.
p
h
.
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hn
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.
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at
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p
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at
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v
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.
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i
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p
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cat
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are
i
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x
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p
u
s
,
W
eb
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an
d
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d
at
a
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.
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i
s
a
p
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memb
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o
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t
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me
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ech
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o
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men
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mat
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.
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s
area
o
f
i
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t
ere
s
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cat
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s
are
rel
at
e
d
t
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d
at
a
s
c
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ce,
an
al
y
t
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cs
,
ed
u
cat
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ech
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l
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g
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,
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d
s
o
ft
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v
el
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p
me
n
t
.
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ca
n
b
e
co
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t
act
e
d
at
emai
l
:
j
p
p
m
i
ran
d
a@
p
am
p
an
g
as
t
at
e
u
.
ed
u
.
p
h
.
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