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15
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.
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3527
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Fu
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ea
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s
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p
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q
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PQ)
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d
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ased
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ly
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if
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n
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itio
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n
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o
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h
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ased
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d
is
tr
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tio
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s
y
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tem
is
ex
p
lo
r
ed
in
[
1
]
,
[
2
]
.
T
h
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f
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t
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tr
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in
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tr
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icles
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asically
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3
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6
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.
C
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am
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ch
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ac
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s
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[
7
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.
Dis
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AC
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ch
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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t J E
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&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
3
5
2
7
-
3535
3528
s
o
lar
an
d
win
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f
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r
E
V
c
h
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g
in
g
,
d
etailed
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r
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[
8
]
.
T
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m
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th
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MG
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States
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US)
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s
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r
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itectu
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icles
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o
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ices
ca
u
s
es
p
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q
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ality
is
s
u
es
[
9
]
–
[
1
4
]
.
A
d
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r
ev
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as
b
ee
n
c
ar
r
ied
o
u
t
o
n
s
ev
er
al
co
n
v
er
ter
to
p
o
l
o
g
ies
f
o
r
DC
an
d
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
g
r
id
[
1
5
]
–
[
1
7
]
.
T
h
e
ac
t
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
p
r
o
p
o
r
ti
o
n
al
in
teg
r
al
(
PI)
co
n
tr
o
ller
is
n
o
t
s
atis
f
ac
to
r
y
esp
ec
ially
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
,
an
d
d
u
r
in
g
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
non
-
r
en
ewa
b
les
to
r
eso
lv
e
th
ese
li
m
itatio
n
s
,
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
t
u
n
e
th
e
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
with
th
e
aid
o
f
im
a
g
in
ativ
e
s
tr
ateg
ies
lik
e
ad
ap
tiv
e
n
etwo
r
k
b
ased
f
u
zz
y
in
ter
f
e
r
en
ce
s
y
s
tem
(
ANFI
S)
an
d
f
u
zz
y
[
1
8
]
.
R
o
le
o
f
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
FLC)
in
elim
in
atin
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
a
n
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
in
p
o
wer
s
y
s
tem
ar
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
[
1
9
]
–
[
2
1
]
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
ativ
e
an
al
y
s
is
o
f
UPQC
in
s
tab
ilizin
g
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
is
ca
r
r
ie
d
with
A
NFI
S,
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
a
n
d
n
eu
r
al
n
etwo
r
k
.
I
t
is
ex
p
ec
te
d
th
at
FLC
h
elp
s
to
b
r
in
g
o
u
t
r
ef
in
em
en
t
i
n
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
m
icr
o
-
g
r
id
v
er
s
io
n
th
an
th
e
elem
en
tar
y
PI
co
n
t
r
o
ller
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
clu
s
io
n
a
r
r
iv
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
r
ev
iew
is
th
at
ch
allen
g
es
r
elate
d
to
PQ
in
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
MG
d
u
e
to
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
a
d
is
s
till
an
ar
ea
o
f
r
esear
ch
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
is
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
cu
s
to
m
p
o
wer
d
e
v
ice
an
d
c
o
n
tr
o
l a
l
g
o
r
ith
m
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
tu
n
e
th
e
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
m
ain
co
n
tr
i
b
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
in
v
o
lv
es,
i)
m
o
d
ellin
g
o
f
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
h
y
b
r
i
d
AC
/D
C
m
icr
o
g
r
id
test
s
y
s
te
m
,
ii)
i
n
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
in
b
etwe
en
b
u
s
2
a
n
d
5
,
iii)
a
llev
iatin
g
p
o
wer
r
eliab
ilit
y
is
s
u
es
attr
ib
u
ted
to
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
s
in
in
teg
r
ated
m
icr
o
g
r
id
e
n
v
ir
o
n
m
en
t
,
a
n
d
iv
)
v
alid
atio
n
in
b
o
th
Gr
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
a
n
d
is
lan
d
ed
m
o
d
e
with
o
u
t
u
s
in
g
ex
tr
a
c
o
n
v
er
te
r
s
an
d
co
n
tr
o
ller
s
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
T
h
e
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
e
d
UPQC
in
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
PQ
p
r
o
b
lem
s
d
u
e
to
th
e
p
en
etr
atio
n
o
f
E
V
ch
a
r
g
er
an
d
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
ased
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
t
r
o
ller
in
r
eg
u
latin
g
t
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
is
an
o
th
er
n
o
v
el
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
is
w
o
r
k
.
T
o
ac
h
ie
v
e
th
is
,
s
elec
ted
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
s
y
s
tem
d
etailed
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
o
f
is
illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
2.
T
h
e
o
n
e
-
lin
e
d
iag
r
am
o
f
th
e
s
tan
d
a
r
d
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
MG
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
with
t
h
e
i
n
ter
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
e
d
UPQC
,
E
V
ch
ar
g
e
r
a
n
d
t
h
e
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
a
d
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
I
n
th
is
tes
t
m
o
d
el
th
e
MG
is
co
u
p
led
to
th
e
co
m
m
o
n
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
t
to
a
6
9
k
V
u
tili
ty
g
r
id
o
f
b
as
e
1
0
0
MV
A
with
an
im
p
e
d
an
ce
r
atio
o
f
1
0
.
T
h
e
two
v
o
ltag
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
lev
els
ar
e:
1
3
.
8
k
V
m
ed
iu
m
v
o
ltag
e
(
MV
)
lin
es
r
ep
r
esen
ted
in
b
lu
e
co
l
o
r
an
d
2
2
0
V
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
(
L
V
)
lin
es
in
d
icate
d
in
g
r
ee
n
co
lo
r
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
b
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
1
4
,
13,
12,
11,
10,
9,
8,
7,
6
in
th
e
test
m
o
d
el
r
ep
r
ese
n
ts
1
3
.
8
k
V
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
an
d
th
e
b
u
s
n
u
m
b
er
s
1
,
2,
3,
4,
5
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
o
f
2
2
0
V.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
to
t
h
is
th
e
test
ca
s
e,
i
t
also
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
g
e
n
er
ato
r
s
,
AC
lo
ad
s
o
n
ea
c
h
b
u
s
,
s
o
lar
PV
s
u
b
s
y
s
tem
,
b
atter
y
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
tem
s
(
B
E
SS
)
,
AC
/AC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
co
n
v
er
ter
s
,
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
an
d
th
r
ee
Su
b
MG
s
in
wh
ich
two
ar
e
AC
MG
’
s
an
d
o
n
e
is
DC
MG
.
T
h
e
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
AC
g
r
id
is
6
0
H
z
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
aim
s
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
is
s
u
es
at
th
e
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
id
e
th
er
ef
o
r
e
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQ
C
wh
ich
is
p
lace
d
b
etwe
en
b
u
s
2
an
d
5
,
wh
o
s
e
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el
ar
e
2
2
0
V.
T
h
r
ee
s
i
n
g
le
p
h
as
e
E
V
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
wit
h
1
6
A
a
n
d
2
4
kW
h
L
i
-
I
o
n
b
att
e
r
y
is
d
e
v
el
o
p
e
d
a
n
d
co
n
n
e
cte
d
at
b
u
s
2
,
al
o
n
g
wi
th
E
V
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
a
d
y
n
am
i
c
lo
a
d
p
a
tte
r
n
o
f
4
5
k
W
is
c
o
n
n
e
cte
d
a
t
b
u
s
2
.
T
h
e
m
a
x
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
o
f
E
V
c
h
a
r
g
er
is
1
6
A
a
n
d
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
c
u
r
r
e
n
t is
6
A
c
h
o
s
e
n
as
p
e
r
I
E
C
6
1
8
5
1
s
t
a
n
d
ar
d
.
I
n
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
p
a
tte
r
n
s
i
x
l
o
a
d
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
id
er
e
d
an
d
ea
c
h
l
o
a
d
is
s
wi
tc
h
b
y
1
/
6
th
t
im
e.
At
i
n
it
ial
t
h
e
1
/6
th
o
f
4
5
k
W
is
c
o
n
n
ec
te
d
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
2
/
6
th
ti
m
e
t
h
e
2
/
6
th
o
f
t
h
e
l
o
ad
is
c
o
n
n
ec
t
e
d
.
T
h
e
c
o
n
c
ep
ti
o
n
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
(
1
)
[
2
3
]
.
(
)
=
(
6
)
∗
(
1
)
h
er
e
=
1
,
2
…
6
;
=
45
.
T
h
e
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
m
ic
r
o
g
r
id
b
ased
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
s
y
s
tem
is
s
im
u
lated
in
MA
T
L
AB
2
0
1
7
b
s
o
f
twar
e
p
ac
k
ag
e.
T
h
e
co
m
p
lete
Simu
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
s
u
g
g
ested
h
y
b
r
i
d
AC
/D
C
m
icr
o
g
r
id
with
th
e
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
is
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
PQ
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
f
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
a
n
d
d
y
n
am
ic
lo
a
d
ar
e
an
aly
ze
d
b
ased
o
n
th
e
th
r
ee
ca
s
e
s
tu
d
ies
o
f
U
PQ
C
an
d
f
o
u
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
f
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
in
g
r
i
d
co
u
p
led
as
well
as
o
f
f
g
r
id
m
o
d
e
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
o
f
th
e
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
MG
.
C
a
s
es a
r
e
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
as f
o
llo
ws
[
2
4
]
,
[
2
5
]
:
C
ase
1
:
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
i
s
as
s
o
cia
ted
with
g
r
id
,
alo
n
g
with
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
at
th
e
lo
ad
s
id
e
in
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
UPQC
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
u
z
z
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l
-
in
teg
r
a
l c
o
n
tr
o
lled
u
n
ified
p
o
w
er q
u
a
lit
y
co
n
d
itio
n
er fo
r
…
(
S
u
ma
n
a
S
)
3529
C
ase
2
:
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
s
y
s
te
m
wo
r
k
s
u
n
d
er
g
r
id
in
teg
r
ate
d
m
o
d
e
with
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
at
th
e
tr
an
s
ien
t
lo
ad
en
d
an
d
th
e
UPQC
is
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
C
ase
3
:
I
n
t
h
i
s
c
a
s
e
,
t
h
e
UP
QC
i
s
c
o
u
p
l
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
ith
E
V
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
a
t
t
h
e
l
o
a
d
s
i
d
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
w
o
r
k
s
u
n
d
e
r
i
s
l
a
n
d
e
d
m
o
d
e
,
I
n
t
h
e
i
s
la
n
d
m
o
d
e
D
C
g
r
i
d
is
s
u
p
p
l
i
es
p
o
w
e
r
t
o
t
h
e
AC
l
o
a
d
a
n
d
c
h
a
r
g
e
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Sin
g
le
lin
e
d
iag
r
a
m
o
f
in
teg
r
atio
n
o
f
s
o
lar
PV
p
o
w
er
ed
UPQC
an
d
E
V
ch
ar
g
e
r
in
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
test
ca
s
e
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Pro
p
o
s
ed
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
b
en
ch
m
a
r
k
[
2
5
]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
4
,
Au
g
u
s
t
20
25
:
3
5
2
7
-
3535
3530
2
.
1
.
Scena
rio
s
(
SCN’
s
)
ba
s
ed
o
n
E
V
cha
rg
er
a
ct
io
n
T
h
ese
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
v
er
if
y
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
UPQC
u
n
d
er
u
n
b
alan
ce
d
co
n
d
itio
n
.
˗
Scen
ar
io
1
(
SC
N
1
)
: T
h
e
E
V
c
h
ar
g
er
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
lo
a
d
s
id
e
an
d
its
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
ac
tio
n
is
in
OFF co
n
d
itio
n
.
˗
Scen
ar
io
2
(
SC
N
2
)
:
T
h
e
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
at
lo
ad
s
id
e
in
all
t
h
e
th
r
ee
p
h
ases
,
u
n
d
er
ch
ar
g
in
g
co
n
d
itio
n
with
m
in
im
al
ch
ar
g
i
n
g
cu
r
r
en
t o
f
6
A.
˗
Scen
ar
io
3
(
SC
N
3
)
:
T
h
e
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
is
u
n
d
er
ch
a
r
g
in
g
c
o
n
d
i
tio
n
b
u
t is co
n
n
ec
ted
with
two
p
h
ases
o
n
ly
at
lo
ad
s
id
e.
˗
Scen
ar
io
4
(
SC
N
4
)
: T
h
e
E
V
c
h
ar
g
er
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
with
o
n
ly
s
in
g
le
p
h
ase
u
n
d
er
ch
a
r
g
in
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
.
2
.
2
.
Co
ntr
o
l
s
t
ra
t
eg
y
T
h
e
p
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
test
s
y
s
tem
o
p
e
r
ates
u
n
d
er
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
as
we
ll
as
in
o
f
f
g
r
id
m
o
d
e.
T
h
e
UPQC
b
eh
av
es
as
th
e
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
in
v
er
ter
to
tr
an
s
f
er
th
e
p
o
wer
to
t
h
e
lo
ad
f
r
o
m
th
e
PV
p
o
wer
ed
DC
g
r
i
d
,
wh
ich
is
co
u
p
led
to
th
e
s
tep
-
u
p
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
is
is
in
ter
n
lin
k
ed
to
th
e
b
ac
k
u
p
b
atter
y
;
th
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tes
th
e
co
n
s
is
ten
t
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e.
T
h
is
co
n
s
tan
t
DC
v
o
ltag
e
is
th
e
s
o
u
r
ce
f
o
r
UPQC
wh
ich
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
o
f
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
b
o
th
in
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
an
d
is
o
lated
m
ea
n
s
o
f
o
p
er
atio
n
.
T
o
r
ef
i
n
e
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
o
f
UPQC
tu
n
in
g
th
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
o
f
ten
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
n
o
n
lin
ea
r
lo
ad
r
esu
lts
in
p
ar
a
m
eter
v
ar
iatio
n
s
a
b
o
v
e
o
r
b
el
o
w
th
e
d
esire
d
v
alu
e.
T
h
is
n
e
ce
s
s
itate
s
th
e
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
b
ased
in
tellig
en
t
co
n
tr
o
l
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
wh
ic
h
tu
n
es
th
e
co
ef
f
icien
ts
o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
v
ar
io
u
s
u
n
b
ala
n
ce
co
n
d
itio
n
s
wh
ic
h
ex
is
ts
in
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
e
PI
p
a
r
am
eter
s
ar
e
tu
n
ed
b
y
u
s
in
g
Su
g
e
n
o
f
u
zz
y
in
f
e
r
en
ce
m
o
d
el,
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
is
an
aly
ze
d
with
lin
ea
r
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
t
r
u
les
f
o
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
is
s
u
es.
T
h
e
Simu
lin
k
m
o
d
el
o
f
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
lo
g
ic
co
n
tr
o
ller
(
FLC)
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
I
n
th
is
wo
r
k
Su
g
en
o
b
ased
f
u
zz
y
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
r
is
ch
o
s
en
,
to
m
ak
e
th
e
DC
b
u
s
v
o
ltag
e
m
o
r
e
o
p
tim
u
m
.
T
o
en
h
an
ce
th
e
PQ
in
h
y
b
r
id
AC
/DC
m
icr
o
g
r
id
in
te
g
r
ated
with
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
it
is
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
m
a
n
ag
e
th
e
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
s
tan
t.
T
h
e
in
p
u
t
v
a
r
iab
les
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
l
ler
ar
e
d
ef
in
ed
as
a
s
et
o
f
t
h
r
ee
s
et
o
f
li
n
g
u
is
tic
v
ar
iab
les
o
f
tr
ian
g
u
lar
m
em
b
e
r
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
n
am
ely
,
–
Neg
a
tiv
e;
–
Po
s
itiv
e
an
d
–
Z
er
o
.
T
h
e
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
o
u
tp
u
t
v
ar
iab
les
i
s
also
s
am
e
as
th
e
in
p
u
t:
–
Neg
ativ
e
;
–
Po
s
itiv
e
an
d
–
Z
er
o
.
T
o
o
b
tain
th
e
d
esire
d
o
u
t
p
u
t,
f
u
zz
y
r
u
les
ar
e
f
r
am
ed
f
o
r
ea
c
h
co
m
b
in
atio
n
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
v
ar
ia
b
les
to
tu
n
e
t
h
e
p
ar
a
m
eter
o
f
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
As
th
er
e
ar
e
th
r
ee
m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
f
o
r
in
p
u
t
E
an
d
Δ
E
,
9
r
u
les
ar
e
f
r
am
ed
f
o
r
tu
n
in
g
th
e
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
a
n
d
it is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
as sh
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
,
wh
er
e
ea
ch
ce
ll r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
o
f
a
co
n
tr
o
l r
u
le
with
two
in
p
u
t m
em
b
er
s
h
ip
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
.
E
r
r
o
r
an
d
ch
a
n
g
e
in
er
r
o
r
ar
e
m
o
d
el
led
as
(
2
)
:
(
)
=
−
an
d
(
)
=
(
)
−
(
−
1
)
(
2
)
wh
er
e
(
)
=
th
e
er
r
o
r
;
(
)
=
ch
an
g
e
in
e
r
r
o
r
;
=
th
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
v
o
ltag
e;
=
th
e
ac
tu
al
v
o
ltag
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
DC
lin
k
v
o
ltag
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
ller
u
s
in
g
f
u
zz
y
l
o
g
ic
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
T
ab
le
1
.
R
u
le
f
o
r
PLC
E/
Δ
E
N
Z
P
N
Z
P
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
P
P
Z
Z
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
F
u
z
z
y
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
a
l
-
in
teg
r
a
l c
o
n
tr
o
lled
u
n
ified
p
o
w
er q
u
a
lit
y
co
n
d
itio
n
er fo
r
…
(
S
u
ma
n
a
S
)
3531
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N:
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
o
f
UP
Q
C
T
h
e
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
is
s
u
es
at
bus
2
ar
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
b
ef
o
r
e
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
th
e
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQ
C
o
v
er
th
e
tim
e
1
s
ec
.
T
h
e
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
bus
2
r
ea
l
p
o
we
r
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
,
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
alu
es
p
r
io
r
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
UPQC
.
Fro
m
th
e
g
r
ap
h
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
th
e
r
ea
l
an
d
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
ar
e
d
is
tu
r
b
ed
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
cr
ea
tio
n
at
0
.
0
5
a
n
d
0
.
1
s
ec
s
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
ea
l
p
o
w
er
,
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
,
v
o
ltag
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
en
t
v
alu
es
o
f
bus
2
af
te
r
co
n
n
ec
tin
g
UPQC
.
I
t
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
th
e
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
o
wer
is
n
eu
tr
alize
d
.
So
,
t
h
e
c
u
r
r
en
t
a
m
p
litu
d
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
r
asti
ca
lly
.
T
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
s
ag
an
d
s
well
a
r
e
co
m
p
en
s
ated
well.
So
,
th
e
s
o
lar
PV
as
s
is
ted
U
PQC
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
in
g
b
etter
in
s
tan
d
ar
d
I
E
E
E
1
4
b
u
s
MG
m
o
d
el
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
n
etwo
r
k
.
Hen
ce
th
e
d
esire
d
P
V
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
is
v
alid
ated
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
B
u
s
2
r
e
a
l
p
o
w
e
r
,
r
e
ac
t
i
v
e
p
o
w
e
r
,
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
v
a
l
u
e
s
(
a
)
b
e
f
o
r
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
a
f
t
er
c
o
n
n
e
c
t
i
n
g
U
P
QC
Fo
llo
win
g
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
PV
-
d
r
iv
en
UPQC
in
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
PI
an
d
in
tellig
en
t
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
f
o
r
th
r
ee
ca
s
es a
n
d
f
o
u
r
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
:
C
ase
1:
I
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
UPQC
(
i.e
.
co
n
tr
o
ller
ac
tio
n
is
also
ab
s
en
t)
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
es in
s
ce
n
ar
io
1
is
b
elo
w
100
V,
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
T
HD’
s
ar
e
s
lig
h
tly
e
x
ce
ed
in
g
t
h
e
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
in
s
ce
n
ar
io
1
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
r
em
ain
in
g
th
r
ee
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
.
T
h
e
v
alu
es
o
f
E
V
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
p
o
wer
f
ac
to
r
ar
e
tab
u
lat
ed
in
T
ab
le
2
alo
n
g
with
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
ics.
C
ase
2:
W
h
en
UPQ
C
is
attac
h
ed
to
th
e
s
y
s
tem
in
all
th
e
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
f
E
V
ch
a
r
g
er
b
etter
v
o
ltag
e
s
tab
ilit
y
is
ac
h
iev
ed
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
s
ce
n
ar
io
1
o
f
ca
s
e
2
is
r
ep
r
ese
n
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
All
p
ar
am
et
er
s
’
v
alu
es
ar
e
tab
u
lated
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
Fro
m
th
e
T
ab
le
3
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
i
n
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
UPQC
an
d
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
er
e
is
an
im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t
in
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
h
ar
m
o
n
i
cs.
I
t
is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
,
th
at
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
in
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
wav
ef
o
r
m
o
f
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
an
d
b
etter
s
ettlin
g
tim
e
is
ac
h
iev
ed
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
b
)
co
m
p
a
r
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
C
ase
3:
W
h
en
UPQ
C
i
s
b
r
o
u
g
h
t
in
to
ac
tio
n
an
d
th
e
s
y
s
tem
is
d
ec
o
u
p
led
f
r
o
m
th
e
m
a
in
g
r
id
(
i.e
.
is
lan
d
m
o
d
e)
,
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e
also
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
m
ain
tain
s
th
e
s
y
s
tem
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
o
f
cu
r
r
en
t
an
d
v
o
ltag
e
at
its
d
esire
d
v
alu
e
in
all
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
o
f
E
V
ch
ar
g
er
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Ou
tco
m
e
s
a
r
e
m
u
c
h
b
etter
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
Sam
e
t
h
in
g
is
tab
u
lated
in
T
ab
le
4
.
T
ab
le
2
.
All scen
ar
io
s
o
f
ca
s
e
1
(
I
n
t
h
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
UPQC
)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
1
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
2
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
3
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
4
G
r
i
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
V
(
mi
n
)
88
1
0
6
1
0
4
1
0
4
G
r
i
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
in
A
(
m
a
x
)
97
1
0
3
98
1
0
0
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
h
a
r
mo
n
i
c
s
i
n
%
1
1
.
5
8
4
.
9
1
4
.
6
4
.
6
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s
i
n
%
4
.
4
3
2
.
3
9
4
.
6
4
2
.
3
9
EV
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
A
(
mi
n
)
16
6
6
6
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
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:
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8
8
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8
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4
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g
u
s
t
20
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5
2
7
-
3535
3532
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ab
le
3
.
All scen
ar
io
s
o
f
ca
s
e
2
(
i
n
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
UPQC
g
r
id
co
n
n
ec
ted
m
o
d
e)
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a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
1
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c
e
n
a
r
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o
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c
e
n
a
r
i
o
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c
e
n
a
r
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o
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4
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F
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F
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PI
F
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PI
PI
F
-
PI
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r
i
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
V
(
mi
n
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1
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5
1
2
0
1
2
7
1
2
0
1
2
7
1
2
0
1
2
5
1
2
0
G
r
i
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
A
(
ma
x
)
1
0
0
96
1
0
0
96
80
70
50
50
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
h
a
r
m
o
n
i
c
s i
n
%
4
.
7
8
0
.
3
2
1
.
9
1
0
.
8
8
3
.
8
5
0
.
5
2
.
2
5
0
.
1
0
C
u
r
r
e
n
t
h
a
r
mo
n
i
c
s
i
n
%
2
.
1
5
0
.
3
5
.
5
5
0
.
2
9
4
.
0
2
4
.
3
8
6
.
0
7
1
.
5
2
EV
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
A
(
m
i
n
)
17
15
16
16
16
3
16
3
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
R
MS
v
alu
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e,
cu
r
r
e
n
t a
n
d
E
V
c
u
r
r
e
n
t in
S
C
N1
,
ca
s
e
2
(
a)
with
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
an
d
(
b
)
with
f
u
zz
y
–
PI
T
ab
le
4
.
All scen
ar
io
s
o
f
ca
s
e
3
(
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
UPQC
o
f
f
g
r
id
m
o
d
e)
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
1
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
2
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
3
S
c
e
n
a
r
i
o
-
4
PI
F
-
PI
PI
F
-
PI
PI
F
-
PI
PI
F
-
PI
G
r
i
d
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
i
n
V
(
mi
n
)
1
2
1
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
2
0
1
2
3
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
2
0
G
r
i
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
in
A
(
ma
x
)
10
85
10
85
20
55
46
85
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
h
a
r
mo
n
i
c
s
i
n
%
1
.
7
7
4
.
3
4
4
.
5
8
3
.
5
1
9
.
4
4
3
.
1
5
4
.
2
7
3
.
5
7
C
u
r
r
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n
t
h
a
r
m
o
n
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c
s
i
n
%
4
.
8
8
3
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3
8
3
.
5
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3
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1
3
4
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5
8
2
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8
7
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4
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.
8
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c
u
r
r
e
n
t
i
n
A
(
m
i
n
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12
16
12
16
12
12
12
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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m
p
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u
z
z
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r
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r
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n
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l
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in
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l c
o
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er q
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n
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itio
n
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(
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u
ma
n
a
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3533
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
m
ain
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
is
to
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
u
n
iq
u
e
s
o
lu
tio
n
f
o
r
th
e
en
h
an
ce
m
en
t
o
f
p
o
wer
q
u
ality
th
r
o
u
g
h
PV
p
o
wer
e
d
UPQC
wh
ich
n
o
t
o
n
ly
c
o
m
p
en
s
ates
v
o
ltag
e
r
elate
d
PQ
is
s
u
es
b
u
t
also
co
m
p
en
s
ates
is
s
u
es
r
elate
d
to
cu
r
r
e
n
t
in
h
y
b
r
i
d
AC
/DC
m
icr
o
g
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id
.
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h
e
n
o
v
el
a
p
p
r
o
ac
h
in
th
is
wo
r
k
is
th
e
ad
d
itio
n
o
f
E
V
ch
ar
g
e
r
as
a
lo
ad
alo
n
g
with
d
y
n
a
m
ic
lo
a
d
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
a
t
i
v
e
a
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
o
f
PV
d
r
iv
e
n
UPQC
i
n
p
r
e
s
e
n
c
e
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
a
n
d
i
n
t
e
l
l
i
g
e
n
t
f
u
z
z
y
-
P
I
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
i
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
im
u
latio
n
i
n
s
tan
d
ar
d
test
b
en
ch
.
F
r
o
m
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
i
t
i
s
e
v
i
d
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n
t
t
h
a
t
i
n
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a
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1
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i
.
e
.
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n
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h
e
a
b
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e
n
c
e
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f
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P
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)
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t
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g
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r
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(
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r
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m
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l
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n
t
f
u
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y
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c
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t
r
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r
.
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n
c
a
s
e
3
i
.
e
.
(
o
f
f
g
r
i
d
m
o
d
e
)
PV
p
o
wer
ed
UPQC
p
r
o
v
id
es
th
e
b
ette
r
s
o
lu
tio
n
in
e
n
h
an
cin
g
th
e
v
o
lt
ag
e
q
u
ality
as
well
as
m
ain
tain
s
th
e
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
r
elate
d
t
o
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
with
in
its
s
tan
d
ar
d
lim
it
in
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
th
an
tr
ad
itio
n
al
PI
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
Als
o
,
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
s
r
ed
u
ce
d
in
p
r
esen
c
e
o
f
in
tellig
en
t
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
f
r
o
m
th
e
T
ab
le
s
3
an
d
4
th
at
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
PV
p
o
we
r
ed
UPQC
is
m
u
ch
b
etter
in
m
itig
atin
g
th
e
PQ
is
s
u
es
with
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
of
in
tellig
en
t
f
u
zz
y
-
PI
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
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NO
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E
DG
M
E
N
T
S
T
h
e
Au
th
o
r
s
wo
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ld
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e
to
t
h
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s
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tio
n
f
o
r
p
r
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h
e
atm
o
s
p
h
er
e
to
ca
r
r
y
o
u
t
th
is
r
esear
ch
.
F
UNDING
I
NF
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
A
u
t
h
o
r
s
s
t
a
t
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n
v
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h
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C
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y
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