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I
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n
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
b
tain
e
d
u
s
in
g
c
o
m
p
u
ter
s
im
u
latio
n
tech
n
o
lo
g
y
Mic
r
o
wav
e
Stu
d
io
(
C
ST
M
W
S
)
an
d
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e
s
im
u
lato
r
(
HFSS
)
s
o
lv
er
s
,
b
ased
o
n
th
is
o
p
tim
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
wh
ic
h
eq
u
als
3
8
.
8
0
m
m
.
As
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
b
)
,
b
o
th
s
o
lv
er
s
co
n
f
i
r
m
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
o
p
er
ates
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
at
th
e
two
r
eso
n
a
n
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
o
f
2
.
4
5
GHz
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
with
a
11
≪
−
10
dB
.
T
h
e
v
ar
iatio
n
o
f
VSW
R
,
ca
lcu
lated
u
s
in
g
C
ST
M
W
S
an
d
b
ased
o
n
th
is
o
p
tim
al
g
r
o
u
n
d
wid
th
o
f
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a,
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
a
n
d
v
er
if
ied
b
y
th
e
HFSS
s
o
lv
er
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
3
(
c
)
,
t
h
e
VSW
R
d
o
es
n
o
t
ex
ce
e
d
1
.
5
at
b
o
t
h
o
p
er
ati
n
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies
u
s
in
g
b
o
th
s
o
lv
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
e
x
ce
llen
t
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
at
b
o
t
h
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
a
g
o
o
d
lev
el
o
f
ad
ap
tatio
n
at
th
e
p
o
r
t a
n
d
a
m
ax
im
u
m
tr
an
s
f
e
r
o
f
e
n
er
g
y
with
lo
w
lo
s
s
es.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Simu
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
:
(
a)
p
ar
am
et
r
ic
s
tu
d
y
,
(
b
)
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
an
d
(
c)
VSW
R
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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I
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tain
ed
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f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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n
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
o
b
tain
ed
r
et
u
r
n
l
o
s
s
f
o
r
th
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r
o
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te
n
n
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ar
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u
s
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S
S,
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d
ADS)
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d
t
h
e
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ea
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r
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o
r
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n
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r
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en
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h
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r
o
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o
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ed
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te
n
n
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ar
r
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y
o
p
e
r
ates
at
two
r
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n
an
t
f
r
eq
u
en
cies
wh
ich
ar
e
2
.
4
5
an
d
5
.
8
GHz
in
I
SM
b
an
d
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a
)
,
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
is
well
-
ad
ap
ted
b
ec
au
s
e
its
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
v
alu
e
is
les
s
th
an
-
1
0
d
B
(
11
≪
−
10
dB
)
in
b
o
th
o
p
er
atin
g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cies.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
c
u
r
v
e
o
f
VSW
R
u
s
in
g
two
s
o
lv
er
s
:
C
ST
M
W
S
an
d
HFSS
an
d
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
VSW
R
.
B
ased
o
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
,
th
is
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
h
as
a
VSW
R
v
al
u
e
clo
s
er
to
1
wh
ich
p
r
o
v
es
th
is
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
tr
an
s
f
er
s
th
e
m
a
x
im
u
m
en
er
g
y
with
lo
w
l
o
s
s
es.
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
c
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
ea
l
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
in
p
u
t
im
p
ed
a
n
ce
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
.
T
h
e
g
ain
,
d
i
r
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
r
ad
i
atio
n
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
b
o
t
h
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
a
n
d
th
e
a
r
r
ay
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
(
a
)
,
5
(
b
)
,
an
d
5
(
c
)
,
r
esp
ec
tiv
ely
.
T
h
e
n
u
m
e
r
ical
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
g
ain
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
at
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
ac
h
iev
es
s
u
p
er
i
o
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
.
T
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
em
e
n
t
alig
n
s
with
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
o
b
jectiv
e
o
f
d
esig
n
i
n
g
th
e
a
n
ten
n
a
a
r
r
ay
,
wh
ich
is
to
en
h
an
ce
g
ain
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
ef
f
icien
c
y
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
Simu
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
a
y
(
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
VSW
R
,
an
d
in
p
u
t im
p
e
d
an
ce
)
:
(
a)
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
,
(
b
)
VSW
R
,
an
d
(
c)
in
p
u
t im
p
e
d
an
ce
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Simu
lated
r
esu
lts
(
g
ain
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
a
n
d
ef
f
icien
cy
)
:
(
a)
g
ain
,
(
b
)
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
an
d
(
c)
ef
f
icien
c
y
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
a
)
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
m
e
asu
r
ed
g
ain
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
wh
e
n
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
is
test
ed
in
an
an
ec
h
o
ic
ch
a
m
b
er
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
(
f
)
,
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
g
ai
n
at
2
.
4
5
GHz
is
eq
u
a
l
to
8
.
10
d
B
i.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
in
th
e
v
er
tical
p
lan
e
at
2
.
4
5
GH
z
at
0
°,
4
5
°,
an
d
9
0
°
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
b
)
.
I
n
ad
d
itio
n
,
Fig
u
r
e
6
(
c
)
illu
s
tr
at
es
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
in
th
e
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
p
lan
e
a
t
2
.
4
5
GHz
f
o
r
t
h
e
s
am
e
an
g
les.
Fig
u
r
e
7
s
h
o
ws
th
e
eq
u
i
v
alen
t
cir
cu
it
m
o
d
el
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
ten
n
a
a
r
r
ay
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
a
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
wh
ic
h
a
r
e
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
d
en
o
ted
R
,
i
n
d
u
ctan
ce
d
en
o
ted
L
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an
d
ca
p
ac
itan
ce
d
en
o
ted
C
wh
ich
will
b
e
ad
ju
s
ted
u
s
in
g
th
e
g
en
etic
alg
o
r
ith
m
u
n
til
th
e
r
etu
r
n
lo
s
s
is
le
s
s
th
an
−
1
0
[
d
B
]
f
o
r
b
o
th
r
eso
n
an
t
f
r
e
q
u
en
cies
(
2
.
4
5
an
d
5
.
8
0
GHz
)
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
(
b
)
s
h
o
ws
th
e
r
etu
r
n
l
o
s
s
o
b
tain
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b
y
ADS.
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h
e
r
ef
lectio
n
co
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icien
t
eq
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als
−
2
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5
5
[
d
B
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d
−
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0
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at
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tiv
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e
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t
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it m
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el
o
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th
e
p
r
o
p
o
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ten
n
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ar
r
ay
is
well
-
m
atch
ed
at
b
o
th
r
eso
n
an
t f
r
e
q
u
en
cies.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
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N:
2088
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xp
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r
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r
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d
r
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2
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n
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iatio
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atter
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ain
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v
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E
h
o
r
izo
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tal
at
2
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4
5
G
Hz
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b
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u
r
e
7
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r
e
d
r
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lts
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2
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4
5
GHz
(
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ain
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n
d
r
a
d
iatio
n
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atter
n
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a
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u
i
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t c
ir
cu
it
an
d
(
b
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r
n
lo
s
s
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ab
le
1
s
u
m
m
ar
izes
th
e
n
u
m
e
r
ical
r
esu
lts
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
C
ST
MWS
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
s
in
g
le
an
ten
n
a
an
d
th
e
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
.
T
h
ese
r
esu
lts
h
ig
h
lig
h
t
th
e
p
r
im
ar
y
g
o
al
o
f
th
e
an
ten
n
a
ar
r
ay
:
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
et
r
ics
s
u
ch
as
g
ain
,
d
ir
ec
tiv
ity
,
r
ad
iatio
n
e
f
f
icien
cy
,
a
n
d
b
an
d
wid
t
h
,
w
h
ile
p
r
eser
v
in
g
th
e
ad
v
an
tag
es
o
f
t
h
e
s
in
g
le
an
t
en
n
a,
in
clu
d
in
g
ex
c
ellen
t
r
et
u
r
n
lo
s
s
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d
VSW
R
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
.
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o
f
u
r
th
er
v
alid
ate
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e
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
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ten
n
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ar
r
a
y
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s
ef
f
ec
tiv
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ess
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T
a
b
le
2
p
r
esen
ts
r
esu
lts
o
b
tai
n
ed
f
r
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m
v
ar
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o
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s
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tr
o
m
ag
n
etic
s
o
lv
er
s
alo
n
g
s
id
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s
u
r
ed
d
ata.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
T
ab
le
3
o
f
f
e
r
s
a
co
m
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ar
ativ
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aly
s
is
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
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ten
n
a
d
esig
n
ag
ai
n
s
t
ex
is
tin
g
d
esig
n
s
,
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
its
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f
ec
tiv
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ess
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ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
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f
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atch
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r
n
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s
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ain
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an
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ef
f
icien
cy
.
Ou
r
p
r
o
p
o
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ed
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I
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
6
6
2
-
4
6
7
0
4670
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S O
F
AUTH
O
RS
Wa
li
d
En
-
N
a
g
h
m
a
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
B.
S
c
.
i
n
p
h
y
sic
s
(“
e
lec
tro
n
ic
o
p
ti
o
n
”
)
i
n
2
0
1
9
fro
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
F
e
z
,
Dh
a
r
E
l
M
a
h
ra
z
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
o
r
o
c
c
o
.
He
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
in
m
icro
e
lec
tro
n
ics
,
sig
n
a
ls,
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
s
fro
m
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
Dh
a
r
El
M
a
h
ra
z
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
F
e
z
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
,
in
2
0
2
1
.
He
is
c
u
rre
n
t
ly
a
P
h
.
D.
stu
d
e
n
t
a
t
th
e
Co
m
p
u
te
r
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
ig
n
a
l,
Au
t
o
m
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Co
g
n
it
iv
ism
Lab
o
ra
t
o
ry
(LI
S
AC
Lab
o
ra
t
o
ry
),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
s
o
f
F
e
z
,
D
h
a
r
El
M
a
h
ra
z
Un
i
v
e
rsity
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
His
c
u
rre
n
t
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
th
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
c
o
n
c
e
p
t
io
n
o
f
m
i
c
ro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
i
n
W
P
T,
M
P
T,
a
n
d
R
F
e
n
e
r
g
y
h
a
rv
e
sti
n
g
,
a
s
we
l
l
a
s
t
h
e
a
n
a
ly
sis
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
o
f
fil
t
e
rs.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
wa
li
d
.
e
n
n
a
g
h
m
a
@u
sm
b
a
.
a
c
.
m
a
.
Mo
h
a
m
e
d
L
a
tr
a
c
h
(IE
EE
m
e
m
b
e
r)
re
c
e
iv
e
d
a
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tro
n
ics
fro
m
th
e
Un
i
v
e
rsity
o
f
Li
m
o
g
e
s,
Li
m
o
g
e
s,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
in
1
9
9
0
.
He
i
s
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
P
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
o
f
M
icro
wa
v
e
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
wit
h
th
e
Eco
le
S
u
p
é
rieu
re
d
’E
lec
tro
n
i
q
u
e
d
e
l’Ou
e
st
(ES
EO)
,
A
n
g
e
rs,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
wh
e
re
h
e
is
h
e
a
d
o
f
th
e
r
a
d
io
fre
q
u
e
n
c
y
a
n
d
m
icro
wa
v
e
r
e
se
a
rc
h
g
ro
u
p
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
t
h
e
d
e
sig
n
o
f
h
y
b
ri
d
a
n
d
m
o
n
o
l
it
h
ic
a
c
ti
v
e
a
n
d
p
a
ss
iv
e
m
icro
wa
v
e
c
ircu
it
s,
m
e
tam
a
t
e
rials,
LH
m
a
teria
ls,
a
n
ten
n
a
s,
re
c
ten
n
a
s,
a
n
d
th
e
ir
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s
in
wire
les
s
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s
a
n
d
wire
les
s
p
o
we
r
tran
sm
issio
n
(W
P
T).
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
m
o
h
a
m
e
d
.
latra
c
h
@e
se
o
.
fr.
H
a
n
a
n
H
a
la
q
re
c
e
iv
e
d
t
h
e
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
i
n
re
a
l
-
ti
m
e
d
i
g
it
a
l
h
o
l
o
g
ra
p
h
ic
in
terfe
ro
m
e
try
fr
o
m
Tele
c
o
m
P
h
y
si
q
u
e
S
tras
b
o
u
rg
(TP
S
)
,
fo
rm
e
rly
Éco
le
Na
ti
o
n
a
le
S
u
p
é
rieu
re
d
e
P
h
y
siq
u
e
d
e
S
tras
b
o
u
rg
(ENS
P
S
),
I
ll
k
irc
h
-
G
ra
ffe
n
sta
d
e
n
,
F
ra
n
c
e
,
i
n
2
0
1
0
.
S
h
e
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
n
a
ss
o
c
iate
p
r
o
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
th
e
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
D
h
a
r
El
M
a
h
ra
z
(F
S
DM)
,
a
n
d
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r
a
t
th
e
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
ig
n
a
ls,
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
Co
g
n
it
i
v
ism
Lab
o
ra
to
r
y
(LI
S
AC),
F
e
z
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
S
h
e
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
h
a
n
a
n
.
h
a
la
q
@u
sm
b
a
.
a
c
.
m
a
.
Abd
e
lg
h
a
n
i
El
O
u
g
li
re
c
e
iv
e
d
h
is
P
h
.
D.
d
e
g
re
e
in
a
u
t
o
m
a
ti
o
n
,
si
g
n
a
ls,
a
n
d
sy
ste
m
s
fro
m
t
h
e
F
a
c
u
l
ty
o
f
S
c
i
e
n
c
e
s
a
t
Dh
a
r
El
M
e
h
ra
z
,
U
n
iv
e
rsity
o
f
S
i
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Be
n
Ab
d
e
ll
a
h
,
i
n
2
0
0
9
fo
r
h
is
th
e
sis
ti
tl
e
d
“
In
teg
ra
ti
o
n
o
f
fu
z
z
y
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
s
in
t
h
e
sy
n
t
h
e
sis
o
f
a
d
a
p
ti
v
e
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
rs.”
He
is
c
u
rre
n
tl
y
a
p
ro
fe
ss
o
r
a
t
S
i
d
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Be
n
Ab
d
e
ll
a
h
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
a
re
se
a
rc
h
e
r,
a
n
d
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
th
e
Co
m
p
u
ter
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
i
g
n
a
l,
Au
to
m
a
ti
o
n
,
a
n
d
C
o
g
n
it
i
v
ism
Lab
o
ra
to
r
y
(LI
S
AC),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
S
c
ien
c
e
,
S
id
i
M
o
h
a
m
e
d
Be
n
Ab
d
e
ll
a
h
U
n
iv
e
rsit
y
,
F
e
z
,
M
o
ro
c
c
o
.
He
c
a
n
b
e
c
o
n
tac
ted
a
t
e
m
a
il
:
a
.
e
lo
u
g
li
@
y
a
h
o
o
.
fr
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.