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t
co
m
m
er
cial
l
y
av
ailab
le
f
o
r
d
o
m
esti
c
ap
p
lica
ti
o
n
s
t
y
p
es
o
f
1
k
V
A
Au
to
m
at
i
c
Vo
ltag
e
Stab
ilizer
s
b
r
an
d
s
ar
e
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
in
[
3
]
.
T
h
e
s
tu
d
y
in
[
4
]
is
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
th
e
elec
tr
ica
l
h
az
ar
d
s
w
i
th
i
n
a
ce
r
tain
t
y
p
es
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tab
ili
ze
r
s
w
h
ic
h
d
ep
en
d
o
n
th
e
s
er
v
o
m
et
h
o
d
.
th
e
m
a
in
d
e
m
er
it
with
t
h
is
t
y
p
e
t
h
at
i
s
r
ep
r
esen
ted
b
y
t
h
e
s
lo
w
l
y
r
e
ac
tio
n
w
it
h
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
s
p
ee
d
o
f
th
e
AC
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e,
t
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
i
s
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
o
th
er
ty
p
e
t
h
at
f
u
l
l
y
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
,
th
e
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
t
h
e
s
l
o
w
l
y
r
esp
o
n
s
e
i
n
v
o
lta
g
e
f
lu
ct
u
atio
n
m
a
n
ip
u
lat
in
g
.
Sin
u
s
o
id
al
P
u
ls
e
W
id
th
Mo
d
u
latio
n
(
SP
W
M)
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
al
s
o
ad
o
p
te
d
as
an
ac
tiv
e
tech
n
i
q
u
e
in
th
e
f
ield
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
latio
n
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
[
5
]
,
[
6
]
.
A
m
ic
r
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
u
n
it
b
ased
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
is
p
r
esen
ted
in
[
5
]
u
s
i
n
g
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
eg
u
la
to
r
w
o
r
k
s
as
an
AC
/D
C
/AC
s
tab
ilizer
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
d
esig
n
is
s
tar
ted
b
y
r
ec
t
if
ier
p
ar
t
f
o
r
th
e
u
n
s
ta
b
le
in
p
u
t
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
an
d
f
o
llo
w
ed
b
y
a
P
W
M
in
v
er
ter
th
at
to
h
av
e
a
p
u
r
e
s
i
n
e
w
a
v
e
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
ter
m
i
n
a
ls
o
f
th
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
.
T
h
e
co
m
p
l
ex
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
h
ig
h
l
y
co
s
t
ar
e
r
ep
r
esen
ted
as
m
ain
ch
alle
n
g
e
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
AC
v
o
ltag
e
r
e
g
u
la
to
r
s
.
SP
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
i
s
also
ad
o
p
ted
th
r
o
u
g
h
P
W
M
in
v
er
t
er
in
[
6
]
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
i
s
d
esi
g
n
ed
to
r
eg
u
late
t
h
e
u
n
r
e
g
u
la
te
d
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
a
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e.
D
u
e
a
v
ar
iab
le
s
p
ee
d
w
i
n
d
,
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
AC
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
w
i
n
d
tu
r
b
in
e
is
u
n
r
e
g
u
la
ted
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
w
o
r
k
s
o
n
s
tab
ilizin
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
f
l
u
ctu
atio
n
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
th
e
m
o
d
u
lat
io
n
in
d
e
x
o
f
in
v
er
ter
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
t
h
e
f
ac
t
o
f
h
i
g
h
le
v
el
o
f
co
m
p
lex
i
t
y
an
d
co
s
t
i
s
r
ef
lect
t
h
e
ch
alle
n
g
e
o
f
t
h
i
s
t
y
p
e
o
f
v
o
ltag
e
m
an
ip
u
latio
n
A
3
-
p
h
a
s
e
AC
-
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lat
o
r
w
it
h
a
n
o
v
el
d
esig
n
o
f
a
tr
i
g
g
er
cir
c
u
itr
y
o
f
SC
R
i
n
p
r
ese
n
ted
in
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
d
o
n
e
in
t
h
is
w
o
r
k
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
u
n
i
t
o
f
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
B
ec
au
s
e
o
f
b
r
o
ad
l
y
u
s
ed
SC
R
s
i
n
i
n
d
u
s
tr
ial
f
ield
,
a
th
y
r
is
to
r
s
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
in
t
h
e
i
m
p
le
m
en
ted
3
-
p
h
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
la
to
r
.
Ho
w
e
v
er
,
th
e
r
esu
l
tan
t
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
i
n
th
e
lo
ad
cu
r
r
en
t
th
at
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
m
a
in
c
h
alle
n
g
e
d
u
e
t
h
e
n
e
g
a
tiv
e
o
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
co
m
p
le
x
it
y
w
h
ich
co
m
e
f
r
o
m
th
e
n
ec
e
s
s
it
y
o
f
h
ar
m
o
n
ics
m
a
n
ip
u
lat
io
n
.
On
th
e
o
t
h
er
s
id
e,
A
C
a
n
d
DC
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
ield
is
p
ar
tiall
y
co
v
er
ed
,
as
w
ell
as
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lat
io
n
an
d
s
u
p
p
l
y
i
n
g
to
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
s
th
at
ar
e
d
o
n
e
w
it
h
/
w
it
h
o
u
t
P
W
M
tech
n
iq
u
e
b
ased
o
n
d
is
cr
ete
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
elec
tr
o
n
ics
d
es
ig
n
s
a
ll
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
ies
i
n
[
8
-
1
6
]
,
w
h
ile
s
t
u
d
ies
in
[
1
7
-
1
9
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
elec
tr
o
n
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
ce
r
tain
m
i
cr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
o
r
d
ig
ital si
g
n
al
p
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
u
n
its
.
A
n
o
v
el
3
-
s
tep
s
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
b
ased
o
n
o
n
e
s
tep
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
p
r
esen
te
d
in
[
2
0
]
.
Si
m
p
lici
t
y
a
n
d
lo
w
co
s
t
ar
e
an
i
m
p
o
r
tan
t
s
p
ec
if
ica
tio
n
s
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
o
n
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
is
d
esig
n
ed
in
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
al.
A
b
in
ar
y
w
e
ig
h
ted
7
-
s
tep
s
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
b
ased
o
n
t
w
o
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
is
d
o
n
e
in
[
2
1
]
to
h
av
e
m
o
r
e
s
m
o
o
t
h
i
n
g
AC
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
l p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
d
esi
g
n
a
n
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
o
f
a
n
e
w
AC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
w
i
th
9
-
s
tep
s
o
f
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
b
ased
o
n
u
s
i
n
g
t
w
o
s
tep
d
o
w
n
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ted
r
eg
u
lato
r
o
f
f
er
s
m
o
r
e
s
tep
s
o
f
lo
w
v
o
ltag
e
le
v
els
t
h
at
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
lex
ab
le
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
r
an
g
e
a
n
d
to
r
em
o
v
e
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
h
i
g
h
v
o
lta
g
e
lev
el
2
2
0
V
th
r
o
u
g
h
j
u
m
p
i
n
g
b
et
w
ee
n
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
s
.
A
d
d
itio
n
al
m
er
it
o
f
th
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
al
is
av
o
id
in
g
t
h
e
n
ec
es
s
it
y
o
f
m
u
l
ti
-
tap
s
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
.
Sectio
n
2
o
f
t
h
is
p
ap
er
ex
p
lain
s
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
la
to
r
.
Sectio
n
3
illu
s
tr
ate
a
n
d
d
is
c
u
s
s
t
h
e
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
es
u
lt
s
w
h
i
le
t
h
e
s
a
m
m
u
r
y
o
f
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
a
n
d
t
h
e
e
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
p
r
esen
ted
r
eg
u
lato
r
w
ill b
e
co
n
cl
u
d
in
g
i
n
s
ec
tio
n
4
.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
A
n
e
w
AC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
i
s
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
b
ased
o
n
t
w
o
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
d
esig
n
is
ca
p
ab
le
to
d
o
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
th
at
to
m
an
ip
u
late
t
h
e
f
l
u
ct
u
atio
n
o
f
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
s
u
itab
le
m
o
t
io
n
a
m
o
n
g
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
s
.
T
h
e
s
tep
v
o
ltag
e
is
d
eliv
er
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
o
f
th
e
s
tep
-
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
w
h
ic
h
co
n
n
ec
t
i
n
s
er
ial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
b
et
wee
n
AC
s
u
p
p
l
y
an
d
r
ela
ted
AC
lo
ad
.
T
h
is
s
er
ial
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
lead
s
to
i
n
cr
ea
s
e
o
r
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
d
ep
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
s
ec
o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
a
n
e
w
lo
g
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
,
o
n
l
y
t
w
o
lo
w
v
o
lta
g
es
1
0
V,
an
d
3
0
V
o
f
s
ec
o
n
d
a
r
y
w
in
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
w
o
ad
d
itio
n
al
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
e
n
o
u
g
h
to
h
a
v
e
9
-
s
tep
s
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
;
+4
0
V,
+3
0
V,
+2
0
V,
+1
0
V,
0
V,
-
1
0
V,
-
2
0
V,
-
3
0
V,
-
4
0
V.
T
h
e
v
o
lta
g
es
s
p
ec
i
f
icatio
n
o
f
th
e
d
esig
n
ed
t
w
o
s
tep
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
ar
e
2
2
0
V/3
0
V,
an
d
2
2
0
V/1
0
V.
T
o
o
b
tain
9
-
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
,
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
t
h
e
p
o
lar
it
y
o
f
th
e
p
r
i
m
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
th
e
t
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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I
SS
N:
2
0
8
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u
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ates
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
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T
ab
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s
h
o
w
s
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ir
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v
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s
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as
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itab
le
s
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d
ar
y
w
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i
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g
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v
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ase
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f
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tat
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s
u
p
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l
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v
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w
i
th
i
n
s
u
i
tab
le
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an
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(
2
3
5
>
Vin
>
2
2
5
)
lead
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co
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b
y
ac
ti
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t
w
o
r
ela
y
s
R
FG
an
d
R
EF
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
N
o
ve
l 9
-
S
tep
s
A
u
to
ma
tic
V
o
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R
eg
u
la
to
r
B
a
s
ed
o
n
Tw
o
S
tep
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Do
w
n
Tr
a
n
s
fo
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Hu
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580
T
ab
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2
.
L
o
g
ic
cir
cu
it o
u
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ts
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ased
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Op
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Am
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S
u
p
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V
r
ms
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
∆
V
R
AB
+
3
0
V
R
BA
-
30
V
R
FG
T1
R
CD
+
1
0
V
R
DC
-
1
0
V
R
EF
T2
1
8
9
.
5
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0
1
1
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2
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1
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.
3
0
0
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0
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1
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2
3
1
.
2
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0
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4
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4
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10
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5
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3
0
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1
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20
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6
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2
0
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B
ased
o
n
th
e
ab
o
v
e
d
etails;
to
ac
tiv
ate
t
h
e
co
r
r
ec
t r
ela
y
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
s
u
i
tab
le
v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
an
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
,
s
h
o
u
ld
b
e
d
eter
m
i
n
e
lo
g
ic
e
x
p
r
ess
io
n
s
o
f
th
e
r
ela
y
s
;
R
AB
, R
BA
, R
CD
, R
DC
, R
FG
,
an
d
R
E
:
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
٠
X
8
+ X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
٠
X
\
8
+ X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
(X
8
+ X
\
8
)
+
X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
+ X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
(X
7
+ X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
)
; th
r
o
u
g
h
B
o
o
lean
alg
eb
r
a
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
(X
7
+ X
\
8
)
; so
R
AB
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
+ X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
\
8
(
1
)
Usi
n
g
s
a
m
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
to
f
in
d
R
BA
, R
CD
,
R
DC
, R
EF
,
a
n
d
R
FG
R
BA
= X
\
1
٠
X
3
٠
X
4
+ X
2
٠
X
3
٠
X
4
(
2
)
R
FG
=
(
R
AB
+ R
BA
)
\
(
3
)
R
CD
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
7
٠
X
8
+ X
5
٠
X
\
6
٠
X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
+ X
\
1
٠
X
\
2
٠
X
3
٠
X
4
(
4
)
R
DC
= X
5
٠
X
6
٠
X
\
7
٠
X
\
8
+ X
1
٠
X
2
٠
X
3
٠
X
4
+ X
\
1
٠
X
\
2
٠
X
\
3
٠
X
4
(
5
)
R
EF
=
(
R
CD
+ R
DC
)
\
(
6
)
Six
r
ela
y
s
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
4
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
AC
v
o
ltag
e
to
t
h
e
p
r
im
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
o
f
t
h
e
t
w
o
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
th
at
f
o
r
d
o
in
g
in
cr
e
m
e
n
t o
r
d
ec
r
em
e
n
t v
o
lta
g
e
s
tep
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
AN
AL
Y
SI
S
T
h
e
au
to
m
atic
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
p
r
o
v
ed
a
n
d
illu
s
tr
ated
in
t
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
o
f
s
i
m
u
lat
io
n
r
e
s
u
lt
s
.
T
h
e
s
u
itab
le
s
tep
o
f
in
cr
e
m
en
t
o
r
d
ec
r
em
e
n
t
v
o
lta
g
e
is
d
o
n
e
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ac
t
iv
at
io
n
to
o
n
e
o
r
tw
o
r
ela
y
s
t
h
at
f
o
r
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
r
ela
y
s
co
n
tac
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
5
s
h
o
w
s
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
ab
ilit
ies
o
f
in
p
u
t
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e,
as
w
ell
as
t
h
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
ca
s
e.
Fi
g
u
r
e
5
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ates
clea
r
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y
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
o
f
v
o
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e
s
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v
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u
e
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d
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d
ir
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o
f
s
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o
n
d
ar
y
w
i
n
d
i
n
g
v
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lta
g
e.
I
n
th
e
ca
s
e
o
f
AC
s
u
p
p
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y
v
o
lta
g
e
w
ith
in
an
ac
ce
p
tab
le
v
o
ltag
e
lev
el,
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
eq
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al
s
u
p
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l
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e
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it
h
o
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t
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y
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n
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e
m
en
t
o
r
d
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e
m
e
n
t
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
p
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n
ted
d
esig
n
is
p
r
o
v
ed
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
d
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n
s
b
ased
o
n
m
u
l
ti
tap
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
t
h
at
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
f
ac
t
in
t
h
is
p
ap
er
o
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e
j
u
m
p
in
g
d
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n
g
t
h
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n
tr
o
lli
n
g
p
r
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ce
s
s
is
d
o
n
e
a
m
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n
g
lo
w
v
o
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e
le
v
el
s
th
at
lead
s
to
n
o
b
ig
v
o
lta
g
e
s
p
ik
e
s
.
T
h
e
r
esp
o
n
s
e
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
9
-
s
tep
A
C
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
th
r
o
u
g
h
co
v
er
i
n
g
a
b
i
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r
a
n
g
e
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s
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p
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y
v
o
ltag
e
i
s
s
h
o
w
n
i
n
Fi
g
u
r
e
6
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
t
iv
e
n
es
s
o
f
ad
o
p
tin
g
9
-
s
tep
s
o
f
v
o
lta
g
e
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
i
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e
s
i
n
ac
ce
p
tab
le
r
an
g
e
w
h
ile
t
h
e
i
n
p
u
t
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e
i
n
cl
u
d
ed
b
ig
f
l
u
ctu
a
tio
n
r
an
g
e.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
E
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
2
,
A
p
r
il 2
0
1
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:
5
7
6
–
583
581
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
L
o
g
ic
C
ir
cu
it a
n
d
R
e
la
y
s
Dr
i
v
er
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
(
e)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
Dif
f
er
en
t c
ase
s
o
f
i
n
p
u
t
A
C
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
ltag
e,
lo
ad
v
o
ltag
e,
an
d
in
cr
e
m
e
n
tal
/ d
ec
r
e
m
e
n
tal
v
o
lt
ag
e
s
tep
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
E
C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
8
8
-
8708
N
o
ve
l 9
-
S
tep
s
A
u
to
ma
tic
V
o
lta
g
e
R
eg
u
la
to
r
B
a
s
ed
o
n
Tw
o
S
tep
-
Do
w
n
Tr
a
n
s
fo
r
m
ers
(
Hu
s
s
a
in
A
ttia
)
582
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
P
r
o
p
o
s
ed
au
to
m
atic
9
-
s
tep
s
AC
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
r
esp
o
n
s
e
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
A
f
u
l
l
d
esig
n
an
d
s
i
m
u
latio
n
r
esu
lt
s
o
f
a
n
o
v
el
9
-
s
tep
s
au
to
m
atic
AC
v
o
ltag
e
r
eg
u
lato
r
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
in
t
h
i
s
p
ap
er
b
ased
o
n
t
w
o
s
te
p
-
d
o
w
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
.
A
b
ig
r
an
g
e
o
f
f
l
u
ct
u
ated
AC
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
lta
g
e
i
s
co
v
er
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
r
eg
u
lato
r
th
at
to
d
eli
v
er
t
h
e
co
n
n
ec
ted
lo
ad
w
it
h
ac
ce
p
ta
b
le
r
a
n
g
e
o
f
AC
v
o
lta
g
e.
Hi
g
h
v
o
ltag
e
s
p
ik
e
d
u
r
in
g
j
u
m
p
a
m
o
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
s
tep
s
o
f
m
u
lti
tap
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
t
h
at
is
a
v
o
id
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
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p
r
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ted
d
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n
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e
a
lo
w
v
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s
tep
(
1
0
V)
b
etw
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n
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ch
s
u
cc
e
s
s
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e
t
w
o
s
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s
.
T
h
e
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
f
u
n
ctio
n
co
n
tr
o
l
s
v
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e
a
n
d
d
ir
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n
o
f
t
h
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s
u
itab
le
v
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g
e
s
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t
h
r
o
u
g
h
c
o
n
tr
o
llin
g
r
ela
y
s
co
n
tact
s
b
as
ed
o
n
s
p
ec
ial
lo
g
ic
s
o
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
ef
f
ec
ti
v
e
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
A
C
v
o
lta
g
e
r
eg
u
la
to
r
is
p
r
o
v
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y
test
in
g
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
v
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ACK
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D
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h
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h
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r
in
g
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Am
er
ican
Un
i
v
er
s
it
y
o
f
R
as
A
l K
h
ai
m
ah
–
UA
E
,
www
.
au
r
a
k
.
ac
.
ae
/en
/
s
ch
o
o
l
-
of
-
en
g
i
n
ee
r
in
g
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[1
]
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
M
u
rsh
a
d
u
l
Ho
q
u
e
,
“
De
sig
n
,
im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
a
n
d
p
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
stu
d
y
o
f
p
ro
g
ra
m
m
a
b
le
a
u
to
m
a
ti
c
v
o
lt
a
g
e
re
g
u
lato
r”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
S
y
ste
ms
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
7
2
-
4
8
3
,
2
0
1
4
.
[2
]
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
S
h
a
h
A
la
m
g
ir
a
n
d
S
u
m
it
De
v
,
“
D
e
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
le
m
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
a
n
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
lato
r
w
it
h
a
G
re
a
t
P
re
c
isio
n
a
n
d
P
r
o
p
e
r
Hy
st
e
re
sis”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
r
n
a
l
o
f
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
S
c
ie
n
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
V
o
l.
7
5
,
p
p
.
21
-
3
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[3
]
Ak
in
lo
lu
A
d
e
d
iran
P
o
n
n
le,
“
P
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
o
f
Do
m
e
stic
A
C
V
o
lt
a
g
e
S
tab
il
ize
rs
in
M
e
e
ti
n
g
L
o
w
V
o
lt
a
g
e
P
ro
b
lem
s
in
Nig
e
ria:
A
Ca
se
S
tu
d
y
o
f
1
2
Diff
e
r
e
n
t
Bra
n
d
s”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
Vo
l.
5
No
.
6
,
Ju
n
e
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
S
u
d
h
a
V
e
n
k
a
tes
h
a
n
d
K
ris
h
n
a
v
e
n
i
M
u
t
h
iah
,
“
P
o
w
e
r
F
lu
c
tu
a
ti
o
n
s
–
u
sa
g
e
o
f
se
r
v
o
v
o
lt
a
g
e
sta
b
il
ize
rs
in
i
n
d
u
stries
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
Din
d
i
g
u
l
,
V
o
l
.
2
,
No
1
,
2
0
1
1
.
[5
]
K.N.
T
a
rc
h
a
n
id
is,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Vo
lt
a
g
e
S
tab
il
ize
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
S
P
W
M
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
Us
in
g
M
i
c
ro
c
o
n
tro
ll
e
r”
,
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
S
c
ien
c
e
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Rev
iew
,
V
o
l
.
6
,
No
.
1,
p
p
.
3
8
-
4
3
,
2
0
1
3
.
[6
]
A
rsh
a
d
Na
wa
z
,
a
n
d
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
Na
e
e
m
A
rb
a
b
,
“
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
latio
n
o
f
V
a
riab
le
S
p
e
e
d
W
in
d
T
u
rb
in
e
u
si
n
g
M
AT
LAB/S
im
u
li
n
k
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
A
d
v
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n
c
e
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
(
IJ
EA
T
)
,
V
o
l.
2
,
Iss
u
e
5
,
p
p
.
357
-
3
6
0
,
Ju
n
e
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
G
u
o
sh
u
n
Zh
o
u
,
a
n
d
T
u
Ya
,
S
h
u
k
u
n
Zh
a
o
,
“
A
T
h
re
e
-
p
h
a
se
A
C
-
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
lato
r
S
y
ste
m
”
,
T
EL
KOM
NIKA
In
d
o
n
e
sia
n
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l.
1
2
,
No
.
5
,
p
p
.
3
5
0
1
-
3
5
0
8
,
M
a
y
2
0
1
4
.
[8
]
Be
z
a
Ne
g
a
sh
G
e
tu
a
n
d
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
“
R
e
m
o
te
Co
n
tro
ll
in
g
o
f
L
ig
h
t
in
ten
sity
Us
in
g
P
h
o
n
e
De
v
ice
s”
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
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d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
E
n
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
1
0
,
p
p
.
1
2
0
6
-
1
2
1
5
,
2
0
1
5
.
[9
]
HA
A
tt
ia,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
Hig
h
P
e
rf
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
S
tan
d
a
lo
n
e
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
”
-
ICREGA'
1
4
-
Re
n
e
wa
b
le E
n
e
rg
y
:
Ge
n
e
ra
ti
o
n
a
n
d
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,
2
0
1
4
,
P
u
b
l
ish
e
r:
S
p
ri
n
g
e
r
In
tern
a
ti
o
n
a
l
P
u
b
li
sh
i
n
g
,
p
p
.
6
8
3
-
6
9
7
.
[1
0
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
a
n
d
Be
z
a
N
e
g
a
sh
Ge
tu
,
“
De
sig
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
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o
f
Re
m
o
tel
y
P
o
w
e
r
Co
n
tro
ll
e
r
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
R
e
se
a
rc
h
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
1
2
,
p
p
.
3
2
6
0
9
-
3
2
6
2
6
,
2
0
1
5
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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:
2088
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8708
I
J
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C
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Vo
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7
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No
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2
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A
p
r
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0
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7
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7
6
–
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583
[1
1
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia
,
a
n
d
Be
z
a
Ne
g
a
sh
G
e
tu
,
Ha
sa
n
G
h
a
d
b
a
n
,
A
h
m
e
d
K.
A
b
u
M
u
sta
f
a
,
“
P
o
rtab
le
S
o
l
a
r
Ch
a
rg
e
r
w
it
h
Co
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tr
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d
Ch
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g
Cu
r
re
n
t
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M
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le
P
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e
De
v
ice
s”
,
In
t.
J
.
o
f
T
h
e
rm
a
l
&
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
En
g
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g
,
Vo
l.
7
,
No
.
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
2
]
Yo
u
sif
I
A
l
-
M
a
sh
h
a
d
a
n
y
,
a
n
d
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
“
No
v
e
l
De
sig
n
a
n
d
Im
p
lem
e
n
tatio
n
o
f
P
o
rtab
le
C
h
a
rg
e
r
th
ro
u
g
h
L
o
w
P
o
w
e
r
P
V E
n
e
rg
y
”
,
Ad
v
a
n
c
e
d
M
a
ter
ia
ls
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
Vo
l.
9
2
5
,
p
p
.
4
9
5
-
4
9
9
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
3
]
HA
A
tt
ia,
a
n
d
BN
G
e
tu
,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
S
im
u
latio
n
o
f
a
S
o
lar
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
y
ste
m
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
u
m
En
e
rg
y
A
b
so
rp
ti
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n
”
,
In
t.
J
.
o
f
T
h
e
rm
a
l
&
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v
iro
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me
n
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a
l
E
n
g
i
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g
,
Vo
l
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m
e
8
,
Iss
u
e
1
,
p
p
.
1
7
-
2
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
4
]
H
A
tt
ia,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
si
g
n
a
n
d
S
imu
latio
n
o
f
Du
a
l
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x
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S
o
lar
T
r
a
c
k
e
r
f
o
r
Op
ti
m
u
m
S
o
lar
En
e
rg
y
Ab
so
rp
t
io
n
”
,
T
h
e
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
Clea
n
En
e
rg
y
a
n
d
Gr
e
e
n
Co
mp
u
ti
n
g
(
EE
ECE
GC2
0
1
3
),
P
u
b
l
ish
e
r:
T
h
e
S
o
c
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o
f
Dig
it
a
l
In
f
o
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m
a
ti
o
n
a
n
d
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
,
p
p
.
1
4
4
-
1
5
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2
0
1
3
.
[1
5
]
YI
A
l
-
M
a
sh
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d
a
n
y
,
a
n
d
H
A
A
tt
i
a
,
“
Hig
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f
o
r
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h
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rg
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u
g
h
lo
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we
r
P
V
sy
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m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
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rn
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l
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f
S
u
st
a
in
a
b
le a
n
d
Gr
e
e
n
E
n
e
rg
y
,
V
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lu
m
e
4
,
Iss
u
e
3
-
1
,
p
p
.
1
4
-
1
8
,
2
0
1
5
.
[1
6
]
HA
A
tt
ia,
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t
a
l.
,
“
A
S
tab
le
DC
P
o
w
e
r
S
u
p
p
ly
f
o
r
P
h
o
to
v
o
lt
a
ic
S
y
ste
m
s”
,
In
t.
J
.
o
f
T
h
e
rm
a
l
&
En
v
iro
n
me
n
t
a
l
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
,
V
o
l
u
m
e
1
2
,
Iss
u
e
1
,
p
p
.
67
-
7
1
,
2
0
1
6
.
[1
7
]
Nu
r
M
o
h
a
m
m
a
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
Im
p
ro
v
e
d
S
o
lar
P
h
o
t
o
v
o
lt
a
ic
A
rra
y
M
o
d
e
l
w
it
h
F
L
C
Ba
se
d
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l.
2
,
No
.
6
,
p
p
.
7
1
7
-
7
3
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
8
]
M
.
S
Ja
y
a
k
u
m
a
r
a
n
d
A
j
e
e
sh
G
,
“
A
H
ig
h
Eff
icie
n
t
Hig
h
In
p
u
t
P
o
w
e
r
F
a
c
to
r
In
terle
a
v
e
d
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
E
lec
trica
l
a
n
d
C
o
mp
u
ter
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l.
2
,
No
.
3
,
p
p
.
3
3
9
-
3
4
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[1
9
]
Kh
a
n
d
k
e
r
T
a
wf
iq
u
e
A
h
m
e
d
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
No
v
e
l
Tw
o
S
w
it
c
h
No
n
-
in
v
e
rti
n
g
Bu
c
k
-
Bo
o
st
Co
n
v
e
rter
b
a
se
d
M
a
x
i
m
u
m
P
o
w
e
r
P
o
in
t
T
ra
c
k
in
g
S
y
ste
m
”
,
In
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
El
e
c
trica
l
a
n
d
Co
mp
u
ter
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
(
IJ
ECE
)
,
V
o
l
.
3
,
No
.
4
,
p
p
.
4
6
7
-
4
7
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
0
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
“
T
h
re
e
S
tep
s
A
C
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
lato
r
Ba
se
d
o
n
O
n
e
S
te
p
-
d
o
w
n
T
ra
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
”
,
In
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
`
o
f
A
p
p
li
e
d
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
Res
e
a
rc
h
,
Vo
l.
1
0
,
No
.
1
9
,
p
p
3
9
8
9
8
-
3
9
9
0
2
,
2
0
1
5
.
[2
1
]
Hu
ss
a
in
A
.
A
tt
ia,
“
A
Bin
a
r
y
W
e
ig
h
ted
7
-
ste
p
s
A
u
to
m
a
ti
c
V
o
lt
a
g
e
Re
g
u
lato
r”
,
Res
e
a
rc
h
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
s,
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
V
o
l.
1
2
,
No
.
9
,
p
p
.
9
4
7
-
9
5
4
,
2
0
1
6
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
Y
O
F
AUTHO
R
H
u
ss
a
in
Attia
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
M
.
S
c
.
d
e
g
re
e
in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
g
y
,
B
a
g
h
d
a
d
,
in
1
9
9
9
.
He
e
a
rn
e
d
h
is
B.
S
c
.
in
e
lec
tro
n
ic
a
n
d
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
f
ro
m
th
e
sa
m
e
u
n
iv
e
rsity
in
1
9
9
1
.
M
.
S
c
.
Hu
ss
a
in
’s
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
p
o
w
e
r
e
lec
t
ro
n
ics
,
A
C
&
D
C
S
p
e
e
d
Co
n
tro
l
Driv
e
s,
El
e
c
tro
n
ic
Circu
it
s
De
sig
n
,
P
W
M
In
v
e
rters
(sin
g
le
p
h
a
se
&
th
re
e
p
h
a
se
s).
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.