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Octo
b
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20
25
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p
.
4
4
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[
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[
4
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Hig
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[
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ticles
[
9
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.
I
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a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
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I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
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p
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g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
4
4
5
-
4
4
5
3
4446
cr
u
cial
r
o
le
in
th
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elec
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p
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4
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[
1
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W
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liq
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[
1
9
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L
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[
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[
1
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[
1
2
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[
1
7
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[
2
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2
2
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H
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s
tan
tly
ca
u
s
e
in
s
u
latio
n
f
ailu
r
e,
b
u
t
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
PD
ac
tiv
ity
ca
n
ca
u
s
ed
lo
ca
lized
o
v
er
h
ea
tin
g
,
wh
ic
h
p
r
o
g
r
ess
iv
ely
d
eter
io
r
ates
th
e
in
s
u
latio
n
q
u
ality
a
n
d
er
o
d
es
th
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
m
ater
ial,
p
o
s
s
ib
ly
lead
in
g
to
to
tal
co
llap
s
e
[
2
3
]
–
[
2
6
]
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e,
an
aly
zin
g
PD
ac
tiv
ity
in
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ials
is
ess
en
tial.
T
h
e
PD
d
is
cu
s
s
ed
in
th
is
s
tu
d
y
f
o
cu
s
es
o
n
PD
in
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latin
g
m
a
ter
ial,
s
p
ec
if
ically
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il.
R
ah
m
an
et
a
l.
[
2
7
]
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
e
ef
f
ec
t
o
f
ir
r
eg
u
lar
-
s
h
a
p
ed
co
p
p
er
(
C
u
)
p
ar
ticles
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
PD
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
u
n
d
er
v
ar
y
in
g
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
.
R
ah
m
an
an
d
Nir
g
u
d
e
[
2
8
]
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
o
n
PD
b
e
h
a
v
io
r
o
f
ir
r
eg
u
lar
-
s
h
ap
e
d
co
p
p
e
r
p
ar
ticle
in
o
il
with
p
r
ess
b
o
ar
d
b
ar
r
ier
p
lace
d
i
n
two
p
o
s
itio
n
s
u
n
d
e
r
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
with
d
if
f
er
e
n
t m
o
is
tu
r
e
co
n
ten
ts
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
m
a
n
y
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
o
n
PD
in
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latio
n
,
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
io
u
s
r
esear
ch
h
as
f
o
cu
s
ed
o
n
PD
ch
ar
ac
ter
izatio
n
u
n
d
er
s
p
ec
if
ic
co
n
d
itio
n
s
with
o
u
t
co
n
s
id
er
in
g
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
th
at
m
ay
in
f
lu
en
ce
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
en
t.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
p
r
io
r
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
p
r
ed
o
m
i
n
an
tly
u
s
ed
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
s
wi
th
lar
g
er
g
ap
d
is
tan
ce
s
(
2
5
an
d
5
0
m
m
)
[
2
3
]
,
wh
er
ea
s
r
esear
ch
on
P
D
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
w
i
t
h
a
s
m
a
l
l
e
r
e
le
c
t
r
o
d
e
g
a
p
(
2
.
5
m
m
)
.
T
h
e
r
e
f
o
r
e
,
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
a
i
m
s
t
o
f
i
l
l
t
h
is
r
es
e
a
r
c
h
g
a
p
b
y
o
b
s
e
r
v
i
n
g
a
n
d
m
e
a
s
u
r
i
n
g
P
D
i
n
t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
i
l
u
s
i
n
g
m
o
r
e
v
a
r
i
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
a
n
d
a
s
m
a
l
le
r
g
ap
,
to
g
ain
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
e
r
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
th
e
m
ec
h
an
is
m
s
o
f
P
D
in
ce
p
tio
n
an
d
d
e
v
elo
p
m
e
n
t
in
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latio
n
.
Ko
r
o
b
ey
n
ik
o
v
et
a
l.
[
2
0
]
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
PD
in
liq
u
id
s
ca
n
d
ev
elo
p
in
v
ar
i
o
u
s
f
o
r
m
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
g
as
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
with
in
b
u
b
b
les
an
d
im
p
ac
t
io
n
izati
o
n
in
th
e
liq
u
id
u
n
d
e
r
ex
tr
em
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
im
p
o
r
tan
ce
o
f
in
itial
elec
tr
o
n
s
in
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
a
n
d
th
e
in
f
l
u
en
ce
o
f
X
-
r
ay
s
i
n
lo
wer
in
g
th
e
PD in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e.
Pas
ter
n
ak
an
d
R
o
zg
a
[
4
]
co
n
d
u
cted
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
-
s
ca
le
r
esear
ch
o
n
an
o
il
-
wed
g
e
ty
p
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
,
f
o
cu
s
in
g
o
n
th
e
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
o
f
p
ar
tial d
is
ch
ar
g
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
PDI
V)
wh
en
im
m
er
s
ed
in
liq
u
id
d
ielec
tr
ic.
Pattan
ad
ec
h
et
a
l.
[
2
3
]
s
tu
d
ie
d
PD
in
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latio
n
m
e
d
ia
u
s
in
g
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
wi
th
g
ap
d
is
tan
ce
s
o
f
2
5
an
d
5
0
m
m
.
Pan
et
a
l.
[
1
6
]
th
is
s
tu
d
y
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
p
r
es
en
ce
o
f
m
etallic
p
ar
ticles
in
m
o
v
in
g
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
c
h
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
PD
an
d
b
r
ea
k
d
o
w
n
v
o
ltag
e
.
E
x
p
e
r
im
en
tal
r
esu
lts
in
d
icat
e
th
at
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
o
il f
lo
w
v
elo
city
r
aises
th
e
PDI
V,
wh
ile
th
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
an
d
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
f
PD d
ec
r
ea
s
e.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
u
s
es
a
n
ew
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
in
an
aly
zin
g
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
o
f
PD
u
s
in
g
two
d
if
f
e
r
en
t
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
(
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e)
o
n
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
b
ased
o
n
ca
s
to
r
o
il.
T
h
e
n
o
v
elty
o
f
th
is
r
esear
ch
lies
in
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
ca
s
t
o
r
o
il
as
an
alter
n
ativ
e
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ial,
with
PD
d
etec
tio
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
a
n
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
ch
a
r
g
e
p
u
ls
e
s
u
s
in
g
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
la
n
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
s
w
ith
a
2
.
5
m
m
g
ap
u
n
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
AC
v
o
ltag
es.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
also
h
ig
h
lig
h
ts
th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
P
D
d
etec
tio
n
an
d
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
in
i
tiatio
n
tim
e
as in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
o
il d
eg
r
ad
atio
n
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
2
.
1
.
E
lect
ro
de
a
nd
s
a
m
ple
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
u
s
ed
i
n
th
is
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
ar
e
n
ee
d
le
elec
tr
o
d
es
an
d
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
m
ad
e
o
f
co
p
p
er
.
T
h
e
tip
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
le
is
s
h
ar
p
en
ed
u
n
til
it
is
s
h
ar
p
lik
e
a
p
en
cil,
with
a
s
h
ar
p
a
n
g
le
o
f
2
0
˚
.
T
h
e
p
late
is
cy
lin
d
r
ical,
with
a
d
iam
eter
o
f
4
.
5
cm
an
d
a
th
ick
n
ess
o
f
1
c
m
.
T
h
e
s
h
ap
e
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
le
an
d
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
u
s
ed
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
1
(
a)
an
d
1
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
u
s
ed
is
a
n
ew
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ial
in
th
e
f
o
r
m
t
r
an
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
b
ased
o
n
ca
s
to
r
o
il,
an
d
th
e
g
ap
d
is
tan
ce
b
etwe
en
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
is
2
.
5
m
m
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
2
(
a)
an
d
2
(
b
)
.
T
h
e
ca
s
to
r
o
il u
s
ed
h
as
a
b
r
ea
k
d
o
wn
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
m
o
r
e
th
an
3
0
k
V,
a
v
is
co
s
ity
o
f
2
0
0
–
3
0
0
cSt,
a
tan
d
elta
v
alu
e
o
f
less
th
an
0
.
0
2
,
an
d
a
wate
r
co
n
ten
t
o
f
5
0
0
p
p
m
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
1
.
T
h
e
test
v
o
ltag
e
r
an
g
es
f
r
o
m
0
t
o
2
0
k
V
AC
with
a
f
r
eq
u
e
n
cy
o
f
5
0
Hz.
T
h
e
test
is
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
at
r
o
o
m
tem
p
er
atu
r
e
(
2
5
°C
)
with
c
o
n
tr
o
lle
d
h
u
m
id
ity
.
T
h
e
PD
s
ig
n
al
is
ca
p
tu
r
ed
u
s
in
g
a
ca
p
ac
ito
r
co
u
p
lin
g
s
en
s
o
r
an
d
a
m
p
lifie
d
b
e
f
o
r
e
b
ein
g
an
aly
ze
d
.
Par
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
s
ig
n
al
d
ata
is
an
aly
ze
d
u
s
in
g
a
tim
e
d
o
m
ai
n
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
ar
tial
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
h
as
e
-
r
eso
lv
ed
(
PR
PD)
m
eth
o
d
,
w
h
ich
m
ap
s
th
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
p
at
ter
n
to
th
e
AC
v
o
ltag
e
p
h
ase
a
n
g
le
to
id
e
n
tify
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
PD.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
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m
p
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n
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N:
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8
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8
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n
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o
f p
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r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
e
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r
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tr
a
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mer
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(
Teu
ku
K
h
a
ir
u
l Mu
r
a
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4447
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
es f
o
r
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t (
a)
n
ee
d
le
an
d
(
b
)
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
(
a)
(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
f
o
r
a
n
e
w
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latin
g
m
ater
ial
(
a
)
ca
s
to
r
o
il test sam
p
le
an
d
(
b
)
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
T
ab
le
1
.
Ph
y
s
ical
an
d
ch
em
ica
l sp
ec
if
icatio
n
s
o
f
ca
s
to
r
o
il
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
Ty
p
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A
p
p
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K
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e
r
c
o
n
t
e
n
t
<
5
0
0
p
p
m
D
i
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
d
i
ssi
p
a
t
i
o
n
f
a
c
t
o
r
(
t
a
n
δ
)
<
0
.
02
2
.
2
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l
s
et
up
T
h
e
s
tag
es
o
f
th
e
ex
p
er
im
e
n
t
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Me
asu
r
em
en
ts
ar
e
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
AC
in
p
u
t
with
a
f
r
eq
u
en
cy
o
f
5
0
Hz
c
o
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
b
ein
g
test
ed
will
ex
h
ib
it
PD,
wh
ich
will
th
en
b
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
R
C
d
etec
to
r
,
f
u
n
ctio
n
in
g
as
a
n
in
teg
r
ato
r
.
T
h
e
R
an
d
C
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
in
th
e
R
C
d
etec
to
r
ar
e
u
s
ed
to
ad
ju
s
t th
e
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
th
e
PD d
etec
to
r
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Nee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
PD
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t sy
s
tem
T
h
e
a
r
r
este
r
c
o
n
n
ec
ts
t
h
e
R
C
d
et
ec
t
o
r
t
o
t
h
e
o
s
ci
ll
o
s
c
o
p
e
v
ia
ch
a
n
n
el
1
,
wh
ic
h
s
h
o
ws
th
e
p
a
r
t
ial
d
is
c
h
ar
g
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
o
n
t
h
e
o
s
c
ill
o
s
c
o
p
e
,
w
h
i
le
ch
a
n
n
el
2
is
u
s
e
d
t
o
o
b
ta
in
th
e
s
i
n
u
s
o
i
d
al
w
av
ef
o
r
m
.
T
h
e
o
s
ci
ll
o
s
c
o
p
e
r
ec
o
r
d
s
t
h
e
PD
a
n
d
s
e
n
d
s
th
e
d
a
ta
to
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
d
e
v
ic
e
v
i
a
a
f
las
h
d
r
i
v
e
f
o
r
f
u
r
t
h
e
r
a
n
al
y
s
is
.
Du
r
i
n
g
th
e
t
esti
n
g
p
r
o
c
ess
,
t
h
e
el
ec
t
r
o
d
es
u
s
e
d
we
r
e
n
ee
d
l
e
-
p
l
an
e
a
n
d
p
la
n
e
-
p
la
n
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
s
,
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
am
p
le
c
o
n
s
is
ti
n
g
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
b
as
e
d
o
n
ca
s
t
o
r
o
il
.
T
h
e
i
n
it
ial
test
was
ca
r
r
ie
d
o
u
t
t
o
o
b
ta
i
n
t
h
e
P
D
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
4
4
5
-
4
4
5
3
4448
in
c
e
p
ti
o
n
v
o
l
ta
g
e
.
T
h
e
P
D
i
n
c
ep
t
io
n
v
o
lt
ag
e
(
Vi
n
)
w
as
d
et
e
r
m
in
ed
b
y
g
r
ad
u
all
y
i
n
c
r
e
asi
n
g
t
h
e
v
o
lta
g
e
u
n
t
il
PD
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
o
cc
u
r
r
e
d
f
o
r
th
e
f
i
r
s
t
t
im
e.
T
h
is
s
te
p
was
r
e
p
e
ate
d
t
h
r
ee
tim
es
t
o
o
b
t
a
in
t
h
e
av
e
r
a
g
e
PD
in
c
e
p
ti
o
n
v
o
lt
ag
e.
T
h
e
P
D
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
a
o
c
c
u
r
r
i
n
g
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
w
er
e
o
b
s
e
r
v
e
d
u
s
in
g
an
o
s
c
ill
o
s
c
o
p
e
.
Af
ter
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
PD
in
ce
p
ti
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
was
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
t
h
e
v
o
ltag
e
was
s
et
at
a
co
n
s
tan
t
lev
el
b
elo
w
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
PD
in
ce
p
ti
o
n
v
o
lta
g
e
o
r
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
th
e
PD
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
o
n
.
T
h
e
s
am
p
le
was
th
en
lef
t
f
o
r
a
p
er
i
o
d
u
n
til
PD
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
,
an
d
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
.
T
h
is
d
elay
i
s
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
PD in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
(
T
in
)
,
as PD
d
o
es n
o
t o
cc
u
r
im
m
ed
iately
b
u
t r
eq
u
ir
es a
ce
r
tain
d
elay
ti
m
e
b
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
f
o
r
t
h
e
f
ir
s
t
tim
e.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
was
also
r
ep
ea
ted
th
r
ee
ti
m
es,
s
im
ilar
to
th
e
PD
in
ce
p
ti
o
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
,
to
o
b
tain
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
PD in
ce
p
ti
o
n
tim
e
(
T
in
)
.
Af
ter
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
in
itial
PD
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
in
itial
tim
e
wer
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
,
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
w
er
e
ca
r
r
ied
o
u
t
f
o
r
v
o
ltag
e
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
n
ea
ch
test
elec
tr
o
d
e.
T
h
is
was
d
o
n
e
b
y
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
b
y
1
0
%
ab
o
v
e
t
h
e
av
er
ag
e
in
itial PD
v
o
ltag
e
th
at
h
ad
b
ee
n
o
b
tain
e
d
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
test
u
s
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
th
e
n
ee
d
le
was
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
lt
ag
e
alter
n
atin
g
c
u
r
r
e
n
t,
wh
ile
in
th
e
test
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
t
h
e
p
lan
e
was
also
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
a
h
ig
h
-
v
o
ltag
e
alter
n
atin
g
cu
r
r
en
t.
E
ac
h
v
o
ltag
e
v
a
r
iatio
n
was
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
f
o
r
1
h
o
u
r
.
Du
r
in
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
,
b
o
th
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
la
n
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
wer
e
im
m
er
s
ed
in
a
ta
n
k
co
n
tain
in
g
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
b
a
s
ed
o
n
jatr
o
p
h
a
o
il
to
p
r
ev
en
t
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ch
ar
g
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
in
to
th
e
air
.
T
h
e
P
D
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
s
am
p
le
was
d
etec
ted
b
y
an
R
C
d
etec
to
r
th
at
f
u
n
ctio
n
s
as
an
in
teg
r
ato
r
.
T
h
e
PD
d
etec
to
r
u
s
ed
h
ad
a
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
b
an
d
wid
t
h
o
f
5
0
to
8
0
0
k
Hz,
with
a
m
i
n
im
u
m
s
en
s
itiv
ity
o
f
1
p
C
.
T
h
is
r
an
g
e
allo
ws
th
e
d
etec
tio
n
o
f
PD p
u
ls
es ty
p
ically
f
o
u
n
d
in
liq
u
id
in
s
u
latio
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
P
D
incept
io
n v
o
lt
a
g
e
(
Vin)
T
h
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
is
o
b
tain
ed
b
y
g
r
ad
u
ally
in
c
r
ea
s
in
g
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
u
n
til
th
e
f
ir
s
t
o
b
s
er
v
ab
le
PD
p
h
en
o
m
e
n
o
n
o
cc
u
r
s
.
T
h
is
p
r
o
ce
s
s
will
b
e
r
e
p
ea
ted
th
r
ee
tim
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
la
n
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es.
T
h
e
th
r
ee
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
v
alu
es
will
b
e
co
m
b
in
ed
to
o
b
tain
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
in
c
ep
tio
n
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vin
)
f
o
r
t
h
e
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
is
s
h
o
wn
i
n
T
ab
le
2
.
T
ab
le
2
s
h
o
ws
th
at
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
ial
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
la
n
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
th
e
in
itial
v
o
ltag
e
was
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
at
1
1
k
V,
wh
ile
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tr
i
al,
th
e
in
itial
v
o
ltag
e
was
1
0
.
9
k
V,
an
d
in
th
e
th
ir
d
tr
ial,
it
was
1
1
k
V.
B
ased
o
n
th
ese
th
r
ee
in
itial
v
o
ltag
e
v
al
u
es,
th
e
av
er
a
g
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
l
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
ca
lcu
lated
to
b
e
1
0
.
9
6
k
V.
Fo
r
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
th
e
in
itial
v
o
ltag
e
r
ec
o
r
d
e
d
in
th
e
f
ir
s
t
tr
ial
was
1
2
.
5
k
V,
in
th
e
s
ec
o
n
d
tr
ial
it
was
1
2
.
4
k
V,
an
d
in
th
e
th
ir
d
tr
ial,
it
was
1
2
.
5
k
V.
Fro
m
th
ese
th
r
ee
in
itial
v
o
ltag
e
v
alu
es,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
f
o
r
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
is
d
eter
m
in
ed
to
b
e
1
2
.
5
k
V.
T
h
e
av
er
ag
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
ten
d
s
to
o
cc
u
r
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
ly
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
ch
ar
g
e
is
co
n
ce
n
tr
ated
at
t
h
e
s
h
ar
p
ti
p
o
f
th
e
n
ee
d
le,
in
f
lu
e
n
cin
g
th
e
o
n
s
et
o
f
th
e
PD p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
ab
le
1
.
PD in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
Ex
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
N
e
e
d
l
e
-
p
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
P
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
P
D
i
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
1
1
k
V
1
2
.
5
k
V
P
D
i
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
2
1
0
.
9
k
V
1
2
.
4
k
V
P
D
i
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
3
1
1
k
V
1
2
.
5
k
V
A
v
e
r
a
g
e
i
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
1
0
.
9
6
k
V
1
2
.
5
k
V
3
.
2
.
P
D
incept
io
n t
im
e
(
T
in)
Af
ter
o
b
tain
in
g
th
e
a
v
er
ag
e
i
n
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
will
th
en
b
e
s
et
s
lig
h
tl
y
b
elo
w
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
lta
g
e
(
Vin
)
o
r
j
u
s
t
b
ef
o
r
e
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
e
n
ce
o
f
th
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
.
T
h
is
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
t
is
co
n
d
u
cted
th
r
ee
tim
es
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es,
with
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
r
ed
u
ce
d
b
y
0
.
3
k
V
f
o
r
ea
ch
tr
ial.
T
h
is
s
tep
aim
s
to
id
en
tif
y
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
(
T
i
n
)
,
as
th
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
d
o
es
n
o
t
o
cc
u
r
im
m
e
d
iately
b
u
t
r
eq
u
ir
es
a
s
h
o
r
t
d
elay
b
ef
o
r
e
ap
p
ea
r
in
g
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
i
n
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
(
T
in
)
f
o
r
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
le
is
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
le
3
.
T
ab
le
3
s
h
o
ws
th
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
(
T
in
)
f
o
r
b
o
th
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
ten
d
s
to
b
e
d
ir
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
al
to
th
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e.
Fo
r
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
la
n
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
wh
en
th
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
is
1
0
.
6
k
V,
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
PD
to
o
cc
u
r
is
1
m
in
u
te
an
d
1
3
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
is
1
0
.
3
k
V,
th
e
tim
e
u
n
til
PD
o
cc
u
r
s
in
cr
ea
s
es
to
5
m
in
u
tes
an
d
3
2
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
At
a
n
ev
e
n
lo
we
r
a
p
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
0
k
V,
th
e
tim
e
u
n
til
th
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
cc
u
r
s
ex
ten
d
s
to
1
1
m
in
u
tes
an
d
7
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
Fo
r
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e,
wh
en
t
h
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
is
1
2
.
2
k
V,
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
f
o
r
PD
to
o
cc
u
r
is
2
m
in
u
tes
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J E
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&
C
o
m
p
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n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
a
r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
e
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
in
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer
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…
(
Teu
ku
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h
a
ir
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l Mu
r
a
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)
4449
an
d
3
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
W
h
en
th
e
a
p
p
li
ed
v
o
ltag
e
is
r
ed
u
ce
d
to
1
1
.
9
k
V,
PD o
cc
u
r
s
af
ter
7
m
i
n
u
tes
an
d
4
6
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
At
an
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
1
.
6
k
V,
th
e
tim
e
u
n
til
th
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
o
cc
u
r
s
r
ea
c
h
es
1
7
m
i
n
u
t
es
an
d
2
1
s
ec
o
n
d
s
.
T
h
u
s
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
l
o
wer
th
e
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
,
th
e
lo
n
g
er
it
tak
es
f
o
r
th
e
PD
p
h
e
n
o
m
en
o
n
to
o
cc
u
r
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
f
o
r
m
e
d
at
l
o
wer
v
o
ltag
e
s
is
n
o
t
s
tr
o
n
g
en
o
u
g
h
to
tr
i
g
g
er
th
e
io
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
with
in
th
e
liq
u
i
d
in
s
u
l
atio
n
s
am
p
le,
wh
ich
in
t
h
is
ca
s
e
is
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
it
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
t
h
is
r
elatio
n
s
h
ip
b
et
wee
n
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
an
d
PD
o
n
s
et
tim
e
is
n
o
t
u
n
iv
er
s
al,
b
u
t
r
ath
er
d
e
p
en
d
s
o
n
t
h
e
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
th
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
ty
p
e,
o
il,
an
d
o
th
er
ex
p
e
r
i
m
en
tal
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
I
n
th
is
ca
s
e,
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
d
r
o
p
s
r
esu
lts
in
a
wea
k
er
elec
tr
ic
f
iel
d
,
th
u
s
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
th
e
tim
e
r
e
q
u
ir
ed
to
tr
i
g
g
er
io
n
izatio
n
a
n
d
PD o
n
s
et.
T
ab
le
2
.
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
tim
e
(
T
i
n
)
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
(
k
V
)
I
n
c
e
p
t
i
o
n
t
i
me
(
m
i
n
u
t
e
s)
N
e
e
d
l
e
-
p
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
P
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
N
e
e
d
l
e
-
p
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
P
l
a
n
e
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
10
.
6
12
.
2
1
:
1
3
2
:
0
3
10
.
3
11
.
9
5
:
3
2
7
:
4
6
10
11
.
6
1
1
:
0
7
1
7
:
2
1
3
.
3
.
Co
m
pa
riso
n o
f
P
D
t
esting
co
nfig
ura
t
io
ns
us
ing
ca
s
t
o
r
o
il
T
a
b
le
4
s
u
m
m
ar
i
ze
s
t
h
e
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
n
e
e
d
le
–
p
la
n
e
a
n
d
p
la
n
e
–
p
l
a
n
e
el
ec
t
r
o
d
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
ati
o
n
s
,
h
i
g
h
li
g
h
ti
n
g
k
e
y
p
ar
am
et
er
s
s
u
c
h
as
el
ec
t
r
i
c
f
iel
d
d
is
t
r
i
b
u
ti
o
n
,
PD
I
V
,
p
h
ase
-
r
es
o
l
v
e
d
PD
b
e
h
a
v
i
o
r
,
a
n
d
t
h
ei
r
r
es
p
e
cti
v
e
a
d
v
a
n
ta
g
es
a
n
d
li
m
it
ati
o
n
s
.
F
u
r
t
h
e
r
m
o
r
e
,
t
h
e
s
t
u
d
y
ac
k
n
o
wle
d
g
es
t
h
e
r
e
le
v
a
n
c
e
o
f
in
v
esti
g
a
ti
n
g
b
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
le
i
n
s
u
la
ti
n
g
o
il
s
t
o
e
v
al
u
at
e
th
ei
r
ef
f
e
cti
v
en
ess
i
n
m
i
ti
g
at
in
g
PD
ac
t
iv
i
ty
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
co
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
a
l t
r
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
ils
.
T
ab
le
3
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
o
f
PD
test
in
g
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
u
s
in
g
ca
s
t
o
r
o
il
El
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
f
i
e
l
d
P
D
I
V
P
D
p
h
a
se
d
i
st
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
A
d
v
a
n
t
a
g
e
s
Li
mi
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
N
e
e
d
l
e
–
p
l
a
n
e
N
o
n
-
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
(
f
o
c
u
s
e
d
)
Lo
w
e
r
(
m
o
r
e
sen
s
i
t
i
v
e
)
60°
–
1
5
0
°
&
2
4
0
°
–
3
3
0
°
,
d
o
m
i
n
a
t
e
d
b
y
c
o
r
o
n
a
d
i
s
c
h
a
r
g
e
Ea
r
l
y
P
D
d
e
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
,
si
mu
l
a
t
e
s
l
o
c
a
l
i
z
e
d
su
r
f
a
c
e
d
e
f
e
c
t
s
D
o
e
s
n
o
t
f
u
l
l
y
r
e
p
r
e
se
n
t
u
n
i
f
o
r
m
f
i
e
l
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
i
n
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
m
e
r
s
P
l
a
n
e
–
pl
a
n
e
U
n
i
f
o
r
m
H
i
g
h
e
r
M
o
r
e
s
y
mm
e
t
r
i
c
a
l
P
D
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
C
l
o
ser
t
o
a
c
t
u
a
l
f
i
e
l
d
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
i
n
p
o
w
e
r
t
r
a
n
sf
o
r
mers
Le
ss s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
e
t
o
e
a
r
l
y
-
st
a
g
e
o
r
m
i
c
r
o
-
d
i
sc
h
a
r
g
e
p
h
e
n
o
m
e
n
a
3
.
4
.
P
a
rt
ia
l
d
is
cha
rg
e
c
ha
ra
ct
er
is
t
ics
T
h
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
o
b
tain
ed
will
th
en
b
e
in
cr
e
ased
b
y
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
1
0
%
ab
o
v
e
th
e
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
alu
e,
af
ter
wh
ich
i
t
will
b
e
h
eld
co
n
s
tan
t
f
o
r
1
-
h
o
u
r
.
T
h
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
w
ill
s
u
b
s
eq
u
en
tly
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
d
u
r
in
g
th
is
1
-
h
o
u
r
p
er
io
d
to
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
ch
ar
ac
t
er
is
tics
an
d
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
PD
o
cc
u
r
r
in
g
in
th
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il.
T
h
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
im
u
lates
a
f
o
cu
s
ed
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
,
wh
ile
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
r
ep
r
esen
ts
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
co
m
m
o
n
ly
f
o
u
n
d
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
s
,
s
o
b
o
th
wer
e
ch
o
s
en
to
r
ep
r
esen
t
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
la
n
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
u
s
ed
to
s
im
u
late
a
u
n
if
o
r
m
f
ield
.
B
o
th
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
p
r
o
v
id
e
in
s
ig
h
t in
to
h
o
w
PD c
an
o
cc
u
r
u
n
d
er
a
v
ar
iety
o
f
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
p
er
atin
g
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
T
h
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
v
alu
es
th
at
ar
e
clo
s
e
at
h
ig
h
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
s
ca
n
b
e
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
d
if
f
er
en
ce
s
in
f
ield
d
is
tr
ib
u
tio
n
an
d
d
o
m
in
a
n
t e
lectr
o
d
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
ef
f
ec
ts
in
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
is
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
r
o
u
g
h
n
ess
o
f
t
h
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
u
r
f
ac
e
an
d
t
h
e
g
eo
m
etr
y
o
f
th
e
test
ca
n
af
f
e
ct
th
e
lo
ca
l
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
in
ten
s
ity
.
Fro
m
t
h
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
n
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
ty
p
e,
a
v
alu
e
o
f
1
0
.
9
6
k
V
was
o
b
tain
ed
,
s
o
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
will
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
to
1
2
k
V
an
d
1
3
k
V.
Fo
r
th
e
PD
in
ce
p
tio
n
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
n
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
ty
p
e,
a
v
alu
e
o
f
1
2
.
5
k
V
wa
s
o
b
tain
ed
,
s
o
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
will
b
e
r
aised
to
1
3
.
5
k
V
an
d
1
4
.
5
k
V.
T
h
e
PD
p
h
en
o
m
en
o
n
will
th
e
n
b
e
d
etec
ted
b
y
th
e
R
C
d
etec
to
r
an
d
d
is
p
lay
ed
o
n
th
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
u
s
ed
d
u
r
i
n
g
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t.
T
h
e
r
esu
ltin
g
PD
g
r
a
p
h
s
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
es
4
an
d
5
.
3
.
4
.
1
.
Nee
dle
-
pla
ne
elec
t
ro
de
Fig
u
r
e
4
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
PD
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
p
atter
n
d
u
r
in
g
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
e
r
o
il
ag
i
n
g
u
s
in
g
a
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
.
A
t
1
2
k
V,
s
h
o
win
g
th
at
PD
m
o
s
tl
y
o
cc
u
r
s
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
6
0
°
to
1
5
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
4
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
cy
cle,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
±
3
7
.
8
p
C
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
a)
.
Me
an
wh
ile,
at
1
3
k
V,
PD
is
m
o
s
tly
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
3
0
°
to
1
8
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
1
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
cy
cle,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
a
g
n
it
u
d
e
o
f
±
8
6
.
6
p
C
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
4
(
b
)
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
4
4
5
-
4
4
5
3
4450
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
PD v
alu
es o
v
e
r
a
1
-
h
o
u
r
p
e
r
io
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
with
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
es a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
ws (
a)
at
1
2
k
V
an
d
(
b
)
at
1
3
k
V
3
.
4
.
2
.
P
la
ne
-
pla
ne
elec
t
ro
de
Fig
u
r
e
5
illu
s
tr
ates th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
with
an
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
e
o
f
1
3
.
5
k
V,
wh
er
e
PD o
cc
u
r
s
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
6
0
°
to
1
5
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
4
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
f
o
r
t
h
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
cy
cl
e,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
±
3
5
.
4
p
C
,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
At
1
4
.
5
k
V,
PD is
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
an
g
les b
etwe
en
6
0
°
to
1
5
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
7
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
f
o
r
th
e
n
e
g
at
iv
e
cy
cle,
with
a
m
ax
im
u
m
d
i
s
ch
ar
g
e
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
o
f
±
3
7
.
8
p
C
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
5
(
a)
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
5
.
T
h
e
PD v
alu
es o
v
e
r
a
1
-
h
o
u
r
p
e
r
io
d
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
with
ap
p
lied
v
o
ltag
es a
r
e
as
f
o
llo
ws (
a)
at
1
3
.
5
k
V
a
n
d
(
b
)
at
1
4
.
5
k
V
-
1
0
0
-
5
0
0
50
100
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
P
D
Char
g
e
[
pC]
P
ha
se
Ang
l
e
[
de
g
.]
-
100
-
50
0
50
100
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
PD
Ch
a
r
g
e
[
p
C]
P
ha
se
Ang
l
e
[
de
g
.]
-
100
-
50
0
50
100
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
P
D
Char
g
e
[
pC]
P
ha
se
Ang
l
e
[
de
g
.]
-
100
-
50
0
50
100
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
P
D
Char
g
e
[
pC]
P
ha
se
Ang
l
e
[
de
g
.]
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
n
a
lysi
s
o
f p
a
r
tia
l d
is
ch
a
r
g
e
ch
a
r
a
cteris
tics
in
tr
a
n
s
fo
r
mer
o
il
…
(
Teu
ku
K
h
a
ir
u
l Mu
r
a
d
)
4451
Fo
r
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
is
m
o
s
t
lik
ely
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ield
b
u
ild
u
p
ef
f
ec
t
in
th
at
p
ar
t
o
f
th
e
v
o
ltag
e
cy
cle.
Alth
o
u
g
h
class
ical
th
eo
r
y
s
tates
th
at
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
o
cc
u
r
s
at
th
e
b
eg
in
n
i
n
g
a
n
d
en
d
o
f
th
e
h
alf
cy
cle,
th
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
in
ca
s
to
r
o
il
s
h
o
ws
a
d
elay
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
d
ielec
tr
ic
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
th
e
o
il
an
d
th
e
ju
m
p
m
ec
h
an
is
m
th
at
is
r
estra
in
ed
b
y
th
e
v
is
co
s
ity
o
f
th
e
o
il.
A
d
d
itio
n
ally
,
it
ca
n
b
e
o
b
s
er
v
e
d
th
at
PD
ch
ar
g
es
o
cc
u
r
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
l
y
in
th
e
n
e
ed
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
ce
is
lik
ely
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
th
e
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
e
u
s
ed
,
as
th
e
s
h
ar
p
n
ee
d
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
f
ac
ilit
ates
t
h
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ical
ch
ar
g
e
at
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
t.
T
h
e
ap
p
lie
d
v
o
ltag
e
also
af
f
ec
ts
th
e
PD
m
a
g
n
itu
d
e,
w
h
er
e
an
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
v
o
ltag
e
s
tr
en
g
th
e
n
s
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
s
am
p
le.
T
h
is
in
cr
ea
s
e
in
th
e
elec
tr
ic
f
ield
ac
ce
ler
ates
th
e
io
n
izatio
n
p
r
o
ce
s
s
,
r
esu
ltin
g
in
a
lar
g
er
PD
m
ag
n
itu
d
e.
Ho
wev
er
,
at
h
ig
h
er
v
o
ltag
es,
PD
ten
d
s
to
o
cc
u
r
at
alm
o
s
t a
ll a
n
g
les.
4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
t
an
d
an
aly
s
is
o
f
PD
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
in
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
s
am
p
les
(
ca
s
to
r
o
il
ty
p
e
)
u
s
in
g
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
an
d
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
c
o
n
d
u
cted
.
T
h
e
r
esu
lts
s
h
o
w
th
at
PD
ch
ar
g
es
o
cc
u
r
m
o
r
e
q
u
ick
l
y
in
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
c
o
m
p
ar
e
d
t
o
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
lan
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
.
T
h
is
d
if
f
er
en
c
e
is
in
f
lu
en
ce
d
b
y
t
h
e
ty
p
e
o
f
elec
tr
o
d
e
u
s
ed
,
as
th
e
s
h
a
r
p
n
ee
d
le
elec
tr
o
d
e
f
ac
ilit
ates
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
o
f
elec
tr
ic
ch
ar
g
es
at
a
s
in
g
le
p
o
in
t.
I
n
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
ele
ctr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
in
itial
PD
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
in
)
was
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
1
0
.
9
6
k
V
,
wh
ile
f
o
r
th
e
p
lan
e
-
p
la
n
e
el
ec
tr
o
d
e
s
y
s
tem
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
in
itial PD
v
o
ltag
e
(
Vin
)
was 1
2
.
5
k
V.
Un
d
er
v
a
r
y
in
g
v
o
ltag
e
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
e
PD
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
p
atter
n
s
d
u
r
i
n
g
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
o
f
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
ag
in
g
u
s
in
g
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
t
r
o
d
es
at
1
2
k
V
s
h
o
wed
th
at
P
D
m
o
s
tly
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
6
0
°
to
1
5
0
°
in
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
4
0
° to
3
3
0
° in
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
c
y
cle.
Me
an
wh
ile,
at
1
3
k
V,
PD w
as
m
o
s
tly
o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
3
0
°
to
1
8
0
°
i
n
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
1
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
in
th
e
n
e
g
ativ
e
cy
cle.
I
n
co
n
t
r
ast,
th
e
PD
m
ag
n
itu
d
e
p
atter
n
d
u
r
in
g
o
n
e
h
o
u
r
o
f
tr
a
n
s
f
o
r
m
er
o
il
ag
in
g
u
s
in
g
p
la
n
e
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
es
a
t
an
a
p
p
lied
v
o
lta
g
e
o
f
1
3
.
5
k
V
s
h
o
wed
th
at
PD
o
cc
u
r
r
ed
at
an
g
les
b
etwe
en
6
0
°
to
1
5
0
°
in
th
e
p
o
s
itiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
4
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
in
th
e
n
eg
ativ
e
c
y
cle.
At
1
4
.
5
k
V
,
PD w
as o
b
s
er
v
ed
at
an
g
les b
etwe
en
6
0
° to
1
5
0
° in
th
e
p
o
s
i
tiv
e
cy
cle
an
d
2
7
0
°
to
3
3
0
°
in
th
e
n
eg
ati
v
e
cy
cle.
T
h
ese
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
th
at
th
e
av
er
ag
e
in
itial
PD
v
o
ltag
e
(
V
in
)
f
o
r
th
e
n
ee
d
le
-
p
lan
e
elec
tr
o
d
e
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g
en
er
ally
l
o
wer
th
an
th
at
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
lan
e
-
p
l
an
e
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tr
o
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e,
s
u
g
g
esti
n
g
t
h
at
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p
h
en
o
m
e
n
a
in
th
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le
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s
tem
o
cc
u
r
m
o
r
e
r
ap
id
l
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.
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r
eo
v
e
r
,
th
e
av
er
ag
e
i
n
itial
tim
e
(
T
in
)
is
d
i
r
ec
tly
p
r
o
p
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al
to
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e.
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h
is
in
d
icate
s
th
at
a
lo
wer
ap
p
lied
v
o
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r
esu
lts
in
a
wea
k
er
el
ec
tr
ic
f
ield
,
wh
ich
in
cr
ea
s
es
th
e
tim
e
r
eq
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ir
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to
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ig
g
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izatio
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a
n
d
in
itiate
PD.
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r
th
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m
o
r
e,
th
e
m
ag
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itu
d
e
o
f
th
e
ap
p
lied
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e
af
f
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ts
th
e
PD c
h
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e
an
d
th
e
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
PD a
ctiv
ities
at
ce
r
tain
p
h
ase
an
g
les.
ACK
NO
WL
E
DG
E
M
E
NT
S
Au
th
o
r
wo
u
ld
lik
e
to
th
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n
k
th
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u
p
er
v
is
in
g
lectu
r
er
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o
r
th
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in
v
alu
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le
ass
is
tan
ce
th
r
o
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g
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o
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t
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r
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r
o
ce
s
s
.
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h
ey
also
ex
ten
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th
eir
g
r
atitu
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e
to
th
e
De
p
ar
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o
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lectr
ical
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s
ity
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f
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o
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r
o
,
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o
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p
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id
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ch
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ally
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th
e
au
th
o
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s
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h
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x
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ess
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ar
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o
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ib
u
ted
to
th
is
r
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ch
.
RE
F
E
R
E
NC
E
S
[
1
]
F
.
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Y
.
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.
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u
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3
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.
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h
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.
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t
i
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r
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a
k
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w
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p
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ma
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s,”
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4
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B
.
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.
R
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z
g
a
,
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n
f
l
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[
5
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N
.
R
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h
a
y
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m,
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mer
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Pr
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-
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[
6
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A
.
S
y
a
k
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.
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,
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p
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v
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0
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EE
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[
7
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O
.
F
a
r
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q
e
,
A
.
H
o
a
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,
P
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C
.
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C
.
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sc
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me
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m
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d
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st
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p
v
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p
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s,”
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m
p
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s
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t
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s P
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rt
B:
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,
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.
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[
8
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J.
H
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P
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.
K
i
m
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a
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d
J
.
I
.
L
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,
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[
9
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J.
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.