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ig
h
l
y
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
d
u
e
to
its
lo
w
p
r
o
f
ile,
ea
s
y
to
f
ab
r
icate
an
d
f
ee
d
,
an
d
ea
s
y
to
u
s
e
i
n
th
e
ar
r
ay
o
r
in
co
r
p
o
r
ate
w
it
h
o
th
er
m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
cir
cu
it e
l
e
m
en
ts
[
6
]
.
P
atch
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
u
s
ed
as
s
i
m
p
le
an
d
h
i
g
h
l
y
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
in
m
an
y
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
C
ir
cu
lar
p
o
lar
izatio
n
s
,
d
u
al
ch
ar
ac
te
r
i
s
tics
,
d
u
al
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
o
p
er
atio
n
,
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
a
g
ilit
y
,
b
r
o
ad
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
,
f
ee
d
lin
e
f
le
x
ib
ilit
y
a
n
d
b
ea
m
s
ca
n
n
in
g
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
e
p
atch
a
n
ten
n
a
s
[
7
]
.
T
h
e
p
atch
ca
n
t
ak
e
an
y
s
h
ap
e
w
i
t
h
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
a
n
d
cir
cu
lar
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
ar
e
t
h
e
m
o
s
t
f
a
m
o
u
s
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iatio
n
p
atter
n
o
f
a
p
a
tch
ar
r
a
y
a
n
te
n
n
a
i
s
f
i
x
ed
.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
b
y
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
g
r
ess
i
v
e
p
h
ase
d
i
f
f
er
en
ce
b
et
w
ee
n
t
h
e
ele
m
e
n
ts
,
th
e
m
ax
i
m
u
m
r
ad
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n
ca
n
b
e
s
h
i
f
ted
in
an
y
d
esire
d
d
ir
ec
tio
n
to
f
o
r
m
a
s
c
an
n
i
n
g
ar
r
a
y
[
8
]
.
T
h
is
t
y
p
e
o
f
an
ten
n
a
i
s
ca
lled
a
p
h
ase
ar
r
a
y
an
te
n
n
a.
I
n
th
is
let
ter
,
b
y
co
n
tr
o
lli
n
g
t
h
e
s
w
i
tch
e
s
,
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
at
io
n
s
o
f
p
atch
ar
r
a
y
an
ten
n
as
w
h
ic
h
o
p
er
ate
at
2
8
GHz
ar
e
d
esig
n
e
d
an
d
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
d
esig
n
ed
w
it
h
b
ea
m
s
h
i
f
t
ed
at
+1
5
˚
an
d
-
1
5
˚
b
y
co
n
s
id
er
t
h
e
o
v
er
all
p
er
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o
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m
an
ce
s
o
f
t
h
e
an
ten
n
a
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
g
ai
n
,
b
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d
w
id
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h
,
r
etu
r
n
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s
s
,
VSW
R
a
n
d
s
id
e
lo
b
e
lev
el
as
w
ell
as b
ea
m
s
h
if
ted
an
g
le.
2.
RE
S
E
ARCH
M
E
T
H
O
D
Fig
u
r
e
1
(
a)
,
(
b
)
,
(
c)
an
d
(
d
)
s
h
o
w
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
te
n
n
a
s
w
it
h
f
o
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
to
co
m
p
ar
e
o
n
t
h
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p
er
f
o
r
m
an
c
es.
E
ac
h
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te
n
n
a
b
asica
ll
y
m
a
k
es
u
p
o
f
th
r
ee
la
y
er
s
.
T
h
e
lo
w
er
la
y
er
i
s
a
f
u
ll
y
g
r
o
u
n
d
p
lan
e
w
i
th
co
p
p
er
th
at
co
v
er
s
th
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
s
h
ap
e
d
s
u
b
s
tr
ate.
T
h
e
m
id
d
le
s
u
b
s
tr
ate
is
R
o
g
er
s
5
8
8
0
w
it
h
d
ielec
tr
ic
co
n
s
ta
n
t,
ε_
r
=
2
.
2
an
d
d
iel
ec
tr
ic
lo
s
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ta
n
g
e
n
t,
tan
δ
=0
.
0
0
0
9
,
an
d
a
h
ei
g
h
t
o
f
s
u
b
s
tr
ate,
h
=0
.
2
5
4
m
m
.
T
h
e
th
ic
k
n
es
s
o
f
th
e
co
p
p
er
u
s
ed
is
0
.
0
1
7
m
m
.
T
h
e
u
p
p
er
la
y
er
is
th
e
p
atc
h
a
n
te
n
n
a.
T
h
e
r
ec
tan
g
u
lar
p
atch
h
a
s
a
s
ize
o
f
4
.
5
2
×
3
.
5
2
m
m
(
w
id
t
h
×
le
n
g
t
h
)
.
Dis
ta
n
c
e
b
et
w
ee
n
t
w
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p
atch
e
s
is
al
m
o
s
t e
q
u
i
v
ale
n
t
to
λ
/2
(
ca
lcu
late
f
r
o
m
ce
n
ter
-
to
-
ce
n
t
er
o
f
th
e
p
atc
h
es).
Qu
ar
ter
wav
e
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
er
w
it
h
p
o
w
er
d
iv
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io
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m
e
th
o
d
is
u
s
ed
f
o
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m
a
tch
i
n
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p
atch
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y
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m
icr
o
s
tr
ip
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e
w
it
h
5
0
Ω
in
p
u
t
i
m
p
ed
an
ce
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h
e
o
p
er
ati
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g
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
o
f
all
d
esig
n
ed
an
te
n
n
a
s
is
ab
o
u
t 2
8
GHz
,
w
h
ic
h
is
s
u
itab
le
f
o
r
5
G
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
(
a)
(
b
)
(
c)
(
d
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Fo
u
r
d
if
f
er
e
n
t c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
p
atch
ar
r
a
y
a
n
ten
n
as
d
esig
n
ed
.
(
a)
A
n
ten
n
a
1
,
(
b
)
A
n
ten
n
a
2
,
(
c)
A
n
te
n
n
a
3
,
(
d
)
A
n
te
n
n
a
4
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
J
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C
E
I
SS
N:
2
0
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8
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5
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F
ixed
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S
w
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in
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Micr
o
s
t
r
ip
P
a
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A
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Lo
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t
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w
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n
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as
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o
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in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
h
e
ca
l
cu
lat
io
n
s
[
8
]
o
n
th
e
d
im
en
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io
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s
o
f
a
s
in
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le
el
em
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e
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g
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o
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w
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E
q
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ti
o
n
s
(
1
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(
7
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.
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a
lcu
la
ti
o
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o
f
th
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at
ch
w
id
th
,
W
:
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(
1
)
Su
b
s
titu
t
e
c
=3
,
fr
=
2
8
G
Hz
an
d
=
2
.
2
;
W
=
4
.
2
4
m
m
.
C
alcu
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o
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f
E
f
f
ec
t
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d
i
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n
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,
:
*
+
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2
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Su
b
s
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t
e,
W
=
4
.
2
4
m
m
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d
h
=0
.
2
5
4
;
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eff
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6
.
C
alcu
l
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:
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3
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b
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=
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0
6
;
=
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7
3
m
m
.
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en
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t
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(
)
(
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4
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5
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0
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1
3
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e
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tr
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atch
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t
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h
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p
a
r
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ete
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s
o
f
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o
p
tim
ize
d
s
o
th
at
th
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ten
n
a
ca
n
p
er
f
o
r
m
o
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t
im
ally
as
s
h
o
w
n
in
T
a
b
l
e
1
.
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
Dim
en
s
io
n
o
f
d
esig
n
ed
an
t
en
n
a
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
Sw
itch
es
o
n
th
e
d
esi
g
n
ed
an
ten
n
a
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
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8708
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J
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Vo
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7
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p
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1
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Fro
m
th
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Fi
g
u
r
e
3
,
it
ca
n
b
e
s
ee
n
t
h
at
t
h
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ar
e
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o
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r
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f
s
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e
s
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y
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ip
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latin
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s
w
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o
u
r
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
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n
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g
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f
p
atc
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ar
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te
n
n
a
s
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e
d
e
s
ig
n
ed
a
s
s
h
o
w
n
in
Fi
g
u
r
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1
.
I
n
t
h
i
s
l
etter
,
t
w
o
r
ad
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g
ele
m
e
n
ts
o
f
p
atch
ar
r
a
y
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
p
r
esen
ted
.
T
h
e
d
if
f
er
e
n
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
d
esi
g
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ed
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ten
n
a
s
ar
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co
m
p
ar
i
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g
t
h
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p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
i
n
ter
m
s
o
f
g
a
in
,
b
an
d
w
id
t
h
an
d
b
ea
m
s
h
i
f
t a
n
g
le.
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S
A
ND
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
p
atch
ar
r
ay
a
n
te
n
n
as
o
p
er
ate
at
2
8
GHz
is
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
o
p
ti
m
ized
u
s
in
g
s
o
f
t
w
ar
e
C
ST
Mic
r
o
w
a
v
e
Stu
d
io
.
Si
m
u
lated
r
esu
lts
o
f
S
-
p
ar
a
m
e
ter
d
esig
n
ed
an
ten
n
as
ar
e
co
m
p
ar
ed
w
it
h
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
r
esu
l
ts
g
iv
e
n
b
y
t
h
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
n
et
w
o
r
k
a
n
al
y
ze
r
.
Si
m
u
lated
f
ar
-
f
ield
r
ad
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n
p
atter
n
s
f
o
r
ea
ch
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
o
f
d
esi
g
n
in
g
a
n
t
en
n
a
s
ar
e
s
h
o
w
n
as
w
ell.
Fig
u
r
e
4
p
r
esen
t
s
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
s
i
m
u
la
ted
r
ef
lectio
n
c
o
ef
f
icie
n
t
r
e
s
u
l
ts
o
f
t
h
e
f
ab
r
i
ca
ted
an
ten
n
a
s
.
T
w
o
d
if
f
er
en
t
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
o
f
a
n
ten
n
a
s
d
esi
g
n
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u
r
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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5
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4.
CO
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SI
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I
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letter
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An
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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8
8
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I
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Vo
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2
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RE
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E
S
[1
]
R.
G
.
S
.
Ra
o
a
n
d
R.
S
a
i,
“
5
G
–
In
tro
d
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c
ti
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&
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u
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o
f
M
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Bro
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ter
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mm
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Res
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De
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(
IJ
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,
v
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e
:
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(
4
)
,
p
p
.
119
–
1
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4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[2
]
Z.
P
i
a
n
d
F
.
Kh
a
n
,
“
A
n
in
tro
d
u
c
ti
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t
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mm
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v
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:
49
(
6
)
,
p
p
.
1
0
1
–
1
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7
,
2
0
1
1
.
[3
]
J.
Ba
e
a
n
d
Y.
S
.
Ch
o
i,
“
S
y
ste
m
Ca
p
a
c
it
y
En
h
a
n
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m
e
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t
o
f
M
m
Wav
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Ba
se
d
5
G
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Co
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m
u
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S
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2
0
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In
ter
n
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In
fo
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a
n
d
Co
mm
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ti
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T
e
c
h
n
o
lo
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y
Co
n
v
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n
c
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(
ICT
C),
p
p
.
2
9
1
–
2
9
4
,
2
0
1
5
.
[4
]
E
.
En
g
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g
,
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t
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l
.
,
“
A
W
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F
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q
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c
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M
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C
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M
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,
v
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ss
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:
1
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d
)
,
p
p
.
3
0
8
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0
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4
,
2
0
1
3
.
[5
]
Y.
S
.
H.
Kh
ra
isa
t
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n
d
M
.
M
.
Ol
a
ima
t,
“
Co
m
p
a
riso
n
b
e
tw
e
e
n
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
a
n
d
tri
a
n
g
u
lar
p
a
tch
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
s
a
rra
y
,
”
in
2
0
1
2
1
9
t
h
I
n
ter
n
a
t
io
n
a
l
Co
n
fer
e
n
c
e
o
n
T
e
lec
o
mm
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
ICT
2
0
1
2
,
2
0
1
2
.
[6
]
P
.
Ku
m
a
r,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
M
icro
stri
p
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
f
o
r
2
.
4
G
HZ
W
i
re
les
s
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
I
n
ter
n
a
ti
o
n
a
l
J
o
u
rn
a
l
o
f
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
T
re
n
d
s
a
n
d
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
4
(
8
)
,
p
p
.
3
5
4
4
–
3
5
4
7
,
2
0
1
3
.
[7
]
Y
.
S
.
H.
Kh
ra
isa
t,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
4
e
le
m
e
n
ts
re
c
tan
g
u
lar
m
i
c
ro
strip
p
a
tch
a
n
ten
n
a
w
it
h
h
ig
h
g
a
in
f
o
r
2
.
4
G
Hz
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s,”
M
o
d
e
rn
Ap
p
li
e
d
S
c
ien
c
e
,
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
6
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
6
8
–
7
4
,
2
0
1
2
.
[8
]
C
.
A
.
Ba
lan
is,
“
A
n
ten
n
a
T
h
e
o
ry
A
n
a
l
y
si
s an
d
De
sig
n
,
”
Jo
h
n
W
il
e
y
&
S
o
n
s I
n
c
.
P
u
b
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
2
0
0
5
.
[9
]
C.
S
lo
t,
“
A
n
In
teg
ra
ted
Div
e
rsit
y
A
n
ten
n
a
Ba
se
d
o
n
Du
a
l
-
F
e
e
d
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
1
3
,
p
p
.
3
0
1
–
3
0
4
,
2
0
1
4
.
[1
0
]
D.
S
.
D.
S
u
n
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
o
f
No
v
e
l
C
a
v
it
y
-
B
a
c
k
e
d
P
ro
x
im
it
y
-
Co
u
p
led
M
icro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
to
De
sig
n
Bro
a
d
b
a
n
d
C
o
n
f
o
rm
a
l
P
h
a
se
d
A
rra
y
,
”
IEE
E
An
ten
n
a
s
a
n
d
W
ire
les
s
Pro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
L
e
tt
e
rs
,
v
o
l.
9
,
p
p
.
2
1
7
8
8
7
6
,
2
0
1
0
.
[1
1
]
P
.
Up
a
d
h
y
a
y
,
e
t
a
l.
,
“
De
sig
n
o
f
M
icro
strip
P
a
tch
A
n
ten
n
a
A
rra
y
f
o
r
WL
A
N
A
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
,
”
v
o
l
/i
ss
u
e
:
2
(
1
)
,
p
p
.
2
0
0
8
–
2
0
1
0
,
2
0
1
2
.
B
I
O
G
RAP
H
I
E
S
O
F
AUTH
O
RS
He
r
e
c
e
iv
e
d
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
in
2
0
1
5
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
in
t
h
e
f
ield
o
f
El
e
c
t
rica
l
&
El
e
c
tro
n
ics
En
g
i
n
e
e
rin
g
.
Cu
rre
n
t
l
y
,
h
e
is
d
o
in
g
h
is
M
a
ste
r
Re
se
a
rc
h
in
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(W
CC)
,
Un
iv
e
rsiti
Tek
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
.
His
re
se
a
rc
h
in
tere
s
t
is
p
h
a
se
d
a
rra
y
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
5
G
a
p
p
li
c
a
ti
o
n
s.
M
u
h
a
m
m
a
d
Ra
m
lee
K
a
m
a
r
u
d
in
o
b
tain
e
d
h
is
f
irst
d
e
g
re
e
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsiti
T
e
k
n
o
lo
g
i
M
a
lay
sia
(UT
M
),
M
a
la
y
sia
,
w
it
h
Ho
n
o
u
rs
,
m
a
jo
rin
g
in
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
a
n
d
T
e
lec
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
g
ra
d
u
a
ti
n
g
in
2
0
0
3
.
He
t
h
e
n
j
o
i
n
e
d
UT
M
a
s
a
lec
tu
re
r
a
t
t
h
e
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tre
(W
CC),
F
a
c
u
lt
y
o
f
El
e
c
tri
c
a
l
En
g
in
e
e
rin
g
,
UT
M
.
He
h
a
s
b
e
e
n
a
w
a
rd
e
d
a
sc
h
o
lars
h
ip
f
ro
m
th
e
g
o
v
e
rn
m
e
n
t
o
f
M
a
la
y
sia
to
f
u
rth
e
r
stu
d
y
in
th
e
U
n
it
e
d
Kin
g
d
o
m
.
He
re
c
e
iv
e
d
th
e
M
S
c
i
n
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
e
n
g
in
e
e
rin
g
in
2
0
0
4
a
n
d
th
e
P
h
D
in
2
0
0
7
f
ro
m
Un
iv
e
rsit
y
o
f
Bir
m
in
g
h
a
m
,
UK
.
Dr.
Ra
m
lee
is
a
n
a
u
th
o
r
o
f
a
b
o
o
k
c
h
a
p
ter f
o
r
b
o
o
k
e
n
ti
tl
e
d
“
A
n
ten
n
a
s an
d
P
ro
p
a
g
a
ti
o
n
f
o
r
Bo
d
y
-
Ce
n
tri
c
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s”
,
a
n
IEE
E
m
a
g
a
z
in
e
a
rti
c
le,
a
n
d
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
tec
h
n
ica
l
p
a
p
e
rs
in
c
lu
d
in
g
j
o
u
r
n
a
ls
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
e
re
n
c
e
s
o
n
a
n
te
n
n
a
s
p
e
rf
o
rm
a
n
c
e
a
n
d
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
o
n
-
b
o
d
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
c
h
a
n
n
e
ls
a
n
d
a
n
t
e
n
n
a
d
iv
e
rsity
.
His
r
e
se
a
r
c
h
in
tere
sts
in
c
lu
d
e
a
n
ten
n
a
d
e
sig
n
f
o
r
w
irele
ss
o
n
-
b
o
d
y
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
s,
RF
a
n
d
m
icro
w
a
v
e
c
o
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
sy
ste
m
s
,
a
n
d
a
n
ten
n
a
d
iv
e
rsity
a
n
d
re
c
o
n
f
ig
u
ra
b
le.
Cu
rre
n
tl
y
,
Dr.
Ra
m
le
e
is
a
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
IEE
E,
tea
m
m
e
m
b
e
r
o
f
W
irele
ss
Co
m
m
u
n
ica
ti
o
n
Ce
n
tr
e
(
W
CC)
a
n
d
su
p
e
rv
isin
g
a
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
P
h
D,
M
a
ste
r
a
n
d
Un
d
e
rg
ra
d
u
a
te stu
d
e
n
ts.
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