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Paed
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15
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6
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is
ea
s
es
[
3
]
.
I
n
d
iv
id
u
als
wh
o
ex
tr
ac
t
b
lo
o
d
f
r
o
m
to
d
d
le
r
s
an
d
n
e
o
n
ate
s
m
u
s
t
p
o
s
s
ess
ex
ten
s
iv
e
tr
a
in
in
g
an
d
ex
p
er
ien
ce
i
n
v
e
n
ep
u
n
ctu
r
e
m
eth
o
d
s
.
I
m
p
lem
e
n
tin
g
a
s
tan
d
ar
d
is
ed
s
am
p
le
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
m
in
im
is
in
g
b
o
th
p
h
y
s
ical
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t a
n
d
p
s
y
ch
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
tr
ess
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
s
ite
a
n
d
m
eth
o
d
(
v
e
n
o
u
s
s
ite,
f
in
g
er
-
p
r
ick
,
o
r
h
e
el
-
p
r
ic
k
-
also
k
n
o
wn
as
“
ca
p
illar
y
s
am
p
lin
g
”
o
r
“
s
k
in
p
u
n
ctu
r
e
”
)
will
b
e
d
eter
m
in
ed
b
y
th
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
l
o
o
d
v
o
lu
m
e
f
o
r
th
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
an
d
th
e
s
p
ec
if
ic
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
test
to
b
e
co
n
d
u
cted
.
Ven
ep
u
n
ctu
r
e
is
th
e
p
r
ef
er
r
ed
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
b
lo
o
d
s
am
p
les
f
r
o
m
f
u
ll
-
ter
m
in
f
an
ts
[
4
]
,
[
5
]
;
n
ev
er
th
eless
,
it
n
ec
ess
itates
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
s
k
illed
an
d
tr
ain
ed
p
h
leb
o
to
m
is
t.
I
n
th
e
ab
s
en
ce
o
f
a
q
u
alif
ied
p
h
leb
o
to
m
is
t,
th
e
p
h
y
s
ician
m
ay
b
e
r
eq
u
ir
ed
to
co
llect
t
h
e
s
p
ec
im
en
.
C
ap
illar
y
b
lo
o
d
s
p
ec
im
en
s
h
av
e
a
co
m
p
ar
ab
le
o
x
y
g
en
co
n
ten
t
to
ar
ter
ial
s
p
ec
im
en
s
,
b
u
t
th
ey
a
r
e
o
n
ly
ac
ce
p
tab
le
f
o
r
a
r
estric
ted
r
an
g
e
o
f
ass
ay
s
d
u
e
to
th
eir
in
cr
e
ased
r
is
k
o
f
co
n
tam
in
atio
n
f
r
o
m
s
k
in
b
ac
ter
ia
an
d
r
ed
u
ce
d
o
v
er
all
v
o
lu
m
e.
T
h
e
c
h
o
ice
b
etwe
en
a
f
in
g
e
r
-
p
r
ic
k
o
r
a
h
e
el
-
p
r
ick
will
b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
b
y
th
e
c
h
ild
'
s
ag
e
an
d
weig
h
t.
V
en
ep
u
n
ct
u
r
e
is
t
h
e
o
p
tim
al
tech
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
o
b
tain
i
n
g
b
lo
o
d
s
am
p
les
f
r
o
m
f
u
ll
-
ter
m
n
eo
n
ates
an
d
is
ass
o
ciate
d
with
r
ed
u
ce
d
p
ai
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
h
ee
l
p
r
ick
s
[
6
]
.
Af
ter
im
m
o
b
ilis
in
g
th
e
in
f
an
t o
r
y
o
u
n
g
s
ter
,
m
a
k
e
a
s
m
all
h
o
le
in
th
e
s
k
in
ar
o
u
n
d
3
-
5
m
m
d
is
tan
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
v
ei
n
.
T
h
is
will
p
r
o
v
id
e
ea
s
y
ac
ce
s
s
to
th
e
v
ein
with
o
u
t
d
is
p
lacin
g
it.
I
f
th
e
n
ee
d
le
is
in
s
er
ted
ad
jace
n
t
to
th
e
v
ein
i
n
s
tead
o
f
i
n
s
id
e
it,
p
ar
tially
r
e
tr
ac
t
th
e
n
ee
d
le
with
o
u
t
f
u
lly
with
d
r
awin
g
it,
th
e
n
r
ep
o
s
itio
n
it
at
an
an
g
le
to
en
t
er
th
e
v
ess
el.
E
x
tr
ac
t
b
lo
o
d
g
r
ad
u
ally
an
d
c
o
n
s
is
ten
tly
.
R
ep
ea
ted
v
en
ip
u
n
ctu
r
e
ca
n
ca
u
s
e
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t
d
is
tr
ess
f
o
r
th
e
p
atien
t,
th
eir
p
ar
en
t,
an
d
th
e
h
ea
lth
ca
r
e
wo
r
k
er
s
i
n
v
o
lv
e
d
[
7
]
,
[
8
]
.
I
t
r
esu
lts
in
p
ain
,
wo
r
r
y
,
a
n
d
a
lack
o
f
ad
h
e
r
en
ce
to
m
e
d
ical
tr
ea
tm
en
t
[
9
]
.
C
h
ild
r
en
e
x
p
er
ien
ce
m
in
im
a
l
b
leed
in
g
d
u
e
t
o
th
e
less
er
s
ize
o
f
th
ei
r
v
ein
s
a
n
d
th
e
r
estri
cted
d
is
p
er
s
io
n
o
f
th
e
v
ascu
l
ar
p
lex
u
s
.
M
u
ltip
le
p
u
n
ctu
r
es a
n
d
th
e
ap
p
licatio
n
o
f
r
estra
in
ts
d
u
r
in
g
b
leed
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es c
an
r
esu
lt in
b
r
u
is
in
g
,
n
er
v
e
i
n
ju
r
y
,
a
n
d
v
aso
v
ag
al
r
ea
ctio
n
s
in
y
o
u
n
g
s
ter
s
[
1
0
]
.
T
h
is
ex
ac
er
b
ates
th
e
b
leed
in
g
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
d
r
awb
ac
k
s
o
f
s
ev
er
al
v
en
ep
u
n
ctu
r
es,
ce
r
tain
f
ac
ilit
ies
u
tili
s
e
a
“
b
lo
o
d
ca
n
n
u
la
”
w
h
ich
,
h
o
wev
er
,
h
as
its
d
o
wn
s
id
es
in
clu
d
in
g
r
e
d
u
ce
d
b
l
o
o
d
f
l
o
w,
s
am
p
le
clo
ttin
g
,
p
atien
t
u
p
s
et
an
d
d
is
co
m
f
o
r
t,
a
n
d
a
n
elev
ated
r
is
k
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
.
T
h
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
ca
n
n
u
la
in
b
o
t
h
th
e
h
an
d
s
a
n
d
leg
s
s
ev
er
ely
lim
its
th
e
ch
il
d
'
s
ab
ilit
y
to
m
o
v
e
an
d
ea
t,
wh
ile
also
ca
u
s
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
f
ea
r
an
d
wo
r
r
y
[
1
1
]
.
T
o
ad
d
r
ess
th
ese
is
s
u
es,
n
u
m
er
o
u
s
s
tu
d
ies
h
av
e
b
ee
n
co
n
d
u
cted
in
th
e
f
iel
d
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
[
1
2
]
.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
ar
e
g
ain
in
g
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
i
n
th
e
m
e
asu
r
em
en
t
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
iles
in
ch
ild
r
en
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
th
eir
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
n
atu
r
e
,
ex
ce
p
tio
n
al
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
a
n
d
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
to
o
f
f
er
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
d
ata
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
ese
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
n
o
tab
le
b
en
e
f
its
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
lo
o
d
test
in
g
,
r
en
d
er
i
n
g
th
em
esp
ec
ially
b
en
ef
icial
in
p
ae
d
iatr
ic
ca
r
e.
C
o
n
v
en
tio
n
al
b
lo
o
d
test
s
m
ig
h
t
ca
u
s
e
u
p
s
et
in
ch
ild
r
en
s
in
ce
th
ey
in
v
o
lv
e
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e
o
f
d
r
awin
g
b
lo
o
d
[
1
4
]
.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
l
y
m
et
h
o
d
s
s
u
ch
as
n
ea
r
-
in
f
r
ar
ed
(
NI
R
)
an
d
R
am
an
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
,
ca
n
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
b
e
co
n
d
u
cte
d
with
o
u
t
ca
u
s
in
g
h
a
r
m
o
r
with
m
in
im
al
p
ain
.
No
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
lik
elih
o
o
d
o
f
in
f
ec
tio
n
an
d
p
r
o
b
lem
s
th
at
ar
e
lin
k
ed
to
b
lo
o
d
ex
tr
ac
tio
n
s
.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tec
h
n
iq
u
es
o
f
f
er
th
e
ca
p
a
b
ilit
y
to
an
aly
s
e
b
lo
o
d
p
a
r
am
eter
s
in
r
ea
l
tim
e,
allo
win
g
f
o
r
p
r
o
m
p
t
d
ec
is
io
n
-
m
ak
in
g
an
d
in
ter
v
e
n
tio
n
[
1
5
]
.
T
h
is
is
e
s
p
ec
ially
ad
v
an
tag
eo
u
s
in
cr
itical
ca
r
e
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
wh
er
e
p
r
o
m
p
t
alter
atio
n
s
in
a
ch
ild
'
s
s
ta
t
e
m
u
s
t
b
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
ly
m
o
n
ito
r
ed
.
Ad
v
an
ce
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
ac
cu
r
ately
an
aly
s
e
a
wid
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
b
lo
o
d
co
n
s
titu
en
ts
,
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
id
en
tify
i
n
g
alter
atio
n
s
at
th
e
m
o
lecu
lar
l
ev
el.
Nu
clea
r
m
ag
n
etic
r
eso
n
an
ce
(
NM
R
)
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
te
ch
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
o
f
f
er
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
o
f
b
l
o
o
d
m
etab
o
lites
an
d
p
r
o
tein
s
[
1
6
]
.
NI
R
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
is
ca
p
ab
le
o
f
q
u
an
tif
y
in
g
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
c
o
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
s
an
d
d
is
tin
g
u
is
h
in
g
b
etwe
en
oxy
-
h
ae
m
o
g
l
o
b
in
an
d
d
e
-
o
x
y
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
wh
ich
ca
n
h
e
lp
d
iag
n
o
s
e
an
ae
m
ia
a
n
d
o
th
er
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ica
l
p
r
o
b
lem
s
.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
ca
n
also
b
e
u
s
ed
to
id
e
n
tify
a
b
er
r
an
t
ce
ll
s
h
a
p
es
an
d
co
m
p
o
s
i
tio
n
s
,
aid
in
g
in
th
e
d
iag
n
o
s
is
o
f
leu
k
ae
m
ia
an
d
o
t
h
er
h
em
ato
p
o
ietic
m
alig
n
an
ci
es
[
1
7
]
.
NM
R
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
en
ab
les
th
e
an
aly
s
is
o
f
m
etab
o
lic
alter
atio
n
s
in
b
l
o
o
d
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
i
d
en
tific
a
tio
n
o
f
m
etab
o
lic
illn
ess
es
an
d
th
e
ass
ess
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
ef
f
icac
y
o
f
d
ietar
y
th
er
ap
i
es.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
ca
n
q
u
an
tif
y
in
d
icato
r
s
o
f
in
f
lam
m
atio
n
,
s
u
ch
a
s
C
-
r
ea
ctiv
e
p
r
o
tein
(
C
R
P)
an
d
er
y
th
r
o
c
y
te
s
ed
im
en
tatio
n
r
ate
(
E
SR
)
,
an
d
id
en
tify
in
f
e
ctio
n
s
b
y
d
etec
tin
g
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
lo
o
d
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
r
m
icr
o
o
r
g
an
is
m
s
.
T
h
is
is
esp
ec
ially
b
en
ef
icial
f
o
r
p
ae
d
iatr
ic
ch
ild
r
en
w
h
o
h
av
e
ch
r
o
n
ic
in
f
lam
m
ato
r
y
p
r
o
b
lem
s
o
r
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
g
et
in
f
ec
tio
n
s
[
1
8
]
.
Ad
v
an
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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SS
N:
2088
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8
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0
8
A
n
o
n
-
d
estr
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ctive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
esti
ma
tio
n
o
f H
b
,
HC
T a
n
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
u
s
in
g
…
(
P
.
Di
vy
a
b
h
a
r
a
th
i
)
4571
h
av
e
r
esu
lted
in
th
e
cr
ea
ti
o
n
o
f
co
m
p
ac
t
a
n
d
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
s
tr
u
m
en
ts
th
at
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
in
m
an
y
en
v
ir
o
n
m
en
ts
,
s
u
ch
as
d
o
m
est
ic
s
ettin
g
s
,
m
ed
ical
f
ac
ilit
ies,
an
d
r
em
o
te
lo
ca
tio
n
s
.
T
h
ese
g
ad
g
ets
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
ilit
y
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ica
l
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
,
en
s
u
r
in
g
p
r
o
m
p
t
id
en
tific
atio
n
an
d
tr
ea
tm
e
n
t
o
f
h
ea
lth
is
s
u
es
in
ch
ild
r
en
.
B
y
in
teg
r
atin
g
ar
ti
f
icial
in
tellig
en
ce
(
AI
)
an
d
m
ac
h
in
e
lear
n
in
g
alg
o
r
ith
m
s
,
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
o
f
d
iag
n
o
s
is
ca
n
b
e
im
p
r
o
v
ed
a
n
d
o
u
tco
m
es
ca
n
b
e
p
r
ed
icte
d
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
el
y
u
s
in
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
d
ata
[
1
9
]
.
Ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
ca
n
a
s
s
is
t
in
an
aly
s
in
g
in
tr
icate
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
d
ata,
o
f
f
er
i
n
g
clin
ician
s
v
alu
ab
le
in
f
o
r
m
atio
n
f
o
r
tailo
r
ed
m
ed
ic
al
tr
ea
tm
en
t
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
s
tu
d
y
is
d
ed
icate
d
to
im
p
r
o
v
i
n
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
en
h
an
ce
th
ei
r
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icity
f
o
r
e
v
alu
atin
g
p
ae
d
iatr
ic
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
.
Ad
v
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
in
s
p
e
ctr
o
s
co
p
y
h
av
e
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
to
r
esu
lt
in
th
e
cr
ea
ti
o
n
o
f
n
o
v
el
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
p
r
o
to
c
o
ls
th
at
ar
e
less
in
tr
u
s
iv
e,
m
o
r
e
co
m
f
o
r
ta
b
le,
an
d
s
im
ilar
ly
d
ep
en
d
a
b
le
in
c
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
to
co
n
v
en
tio
n
al
tech
n
iq
u
es.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
r
ese
ar
ch
is
cr
u
cial
f
o
r
ad
v
an
cin
g
th
e
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
iles
in
ch
ild
r
en
.
T
ec
h
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
ar
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e,
in
ex
p
e
n
s
iv
e,
s
ec
u
r
e,
an
d
p
o
r
tab
le
h
av
e
b
ec
o
m
e
ess
en
tial
to
o
ls
in
p
atien
t
m
an
a
g
em
en
t.
T
h
ese
m
eth
o
d
s
ex
tr
ac
t
b
io
m
ar
k
er
s
g
en
er
ated
f
r
o
m
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
an
d
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
in
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
at
th
e
p
atien
t'
s
b
ed
s
id
e.
Alth
o
u
g
h
p
u
ls
e
o
x
im
etr
y
is
wid
ely
u
s
ed
,
t
h
e
a
d
o
p
tio
n
o
f
m
o
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
tech
n
o
lo
g
ies
th
at
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
s
iv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
ts
is
s
till
lim
i
ted
[
2
1
]
.
Ho
wev
er
,
s
ev
er
al
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
to
o
ls
ar
e
b
ein
g
d
ev
elo
p
ed
,
in
clu
d
in
g
3
D
v
o
lu
m
et
r
ic
im
ag
in
g
o
f
v
ascu
lar
ar
c
h
itectu
r
e
an
d
s
p
atially
r
eso
lv
ed
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
im
ag
es
o
f
tis
s
u
e
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
.
Du
e
t
o
th
e
ir
lo
wer
co
s
t
an
d
in
cr
ea
s
ed
p
o
r
tab
ilit
y
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
tr
ad
itio
n
al
r
a
d
io
lo
g
ical
im
a
g
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
es,
th
ese
ap
p
r
o
a
ch
es
co
u
ld
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
f
lu
e
n
ce
th
e
tr
ea
tm
en
t o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
d
eb
ilit
atin
g
c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
,
in
clu
d
in
g
r
h
eu
m
at
o
id
an
d
v
ascu
lar
d
is
ea
s
es,
n
eu
r
o
lo
g
ical
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
,
an
d
ca
n
ce
r
[
2
2
]
–
[
2
4
]
.
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
an
d
im
a
g
in
g
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
p
lay
a
cr
u
ci
al
r
o
le
in
d
etec
tin
g
an
d
d
iag
n
o
s
in
g
d
is
ea
s
es.
Ho
w
ev
er
,
th
e
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
em
p
lo
y
ed
f
o
r
th
is
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
d
if
f
er
s
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
eir
im
ag
in
g
d
ep
th
,
s
p
atio
tem
p
o
r
al
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
,
c
o
m
p
lex
ity
,
p
h
y
s
ical
s
ize,
an
d
co
s
t
[
2
5
]
.
T
h
e
ex
ten
s
iv
e
r
an
g
e
o
f
av
aila
b
le
in
s
tr
u
m
en
tatio
n
p
o
s
es
a
ch
allen
g
e
f
o
r
e
n
d
u
s
er
s
in
ch
o
o
s
in
g
s
u
itab
le
to
o
ls
f
o
r
th
eir
a
p
p
licatio
n
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
r
eh
en
d
in
g
th
e
r
elativ
e
co
n
s
tr
ai
n
ts
o
f
v
ar
io
u
s
m
eth
o
d
s
.
T
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
to
esti
m
ate
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
,
h
ae
m
ato
c
r
it
,
an
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll,
co
u
n
ts
in
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
way
is
a
d
ev
elo
p
in
g
ar
ea
with
g
r
ea
t
p
o
ten
tial,
esp
ec
ially
in
th
e
f
ield
o
f
p
ae
d
iatr
i
c
ca
r
e.
T
h
e
in
f
r
ar
ed
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
(
I
R
S
)
em
p
lo
y
s
n
ea
r
-
in
f
r
ar
e
d
lig
h
t
with
a
wav
elen
g
th
r
an
g
e
o
f
7
0
0
-
1
0
0
0
n
m
to
d
ee
p
ly
p
en
etr
ate
tis
s
u
e
an
d
q
u
an
tify
th
e
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
an
d
s
ca
tter
in
g
o
f
lig
h
t
ca
u
s
ed
b
y
b
lo
o
d
co
m
p
o
n
e
n
ts
.
Near
-
in
f
r
ar
e
d
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
(
NI
R
S)
ca
n
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
le
v
els
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
co
n
ce
n
t
r
atio
n
an
d
o
x
y
g
en
s
atu
r
atio
n
b
y
e
x
am
in
in
g
th
e
l
ig
h
t
ab
s
o
r
p
tio
n
p
r
o
p
er
ties
o
f
o
x
y
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
d
e
-
o
x
y
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
[
2
6
]
.
R
am
an
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
is
a
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
at
en
tails
d
ir
ec
tin
g
a
laser
o
n
to
th
e
s
k
in
a
n
d
q
u
an
tif
y
in
g
th
e
lig
h
t
th
at
is
d
is
p
er
s
ed
.
T
h
e
ch
an
g
es
in
th
e
wav
elen
g
th
o
f
th
e
s
ca
tter
ed
l
ig
h
t
y
ield
in
s
ig
h
ts
in
to
th
e
m
o
lecu
lar
m
ak
eu
p
o
f
b
lo
o
d
.
R
am
an
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
en
ab
les
th
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
o
f
d
i
s
tin
ct
m
o
lecu
lar
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
o
th
e
r
co
n
s
titu
en
ts
o
f
b
lo
o
d
,
f
ac
ilit
atin
g
th
e
d
eter
m
in
ati
o
n
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
(
Hb
)
,
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
(
Hct)
,
a
n
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
(
R
B
C
)
co
u
n
ts
[
2
7
]
.
C
o
m
p
u
te
d
to
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
C
T
)
u
tili
s
e
s
lo
w
-
co
h
er
en
ce
lig
h
t
to
ac
q
u
ir
e
h
ig
h
-
r
eso
lu
tio
n
,
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
p
ictu
r
es
o
f
tis
s
u
es
at
th
e
m
icr
o
m
e
tr
e
s
ca
le.
T
h
e
lig
h
t
th
at
is
r
ef
l
ec
ted
p
r
o
v
id
es
d
ata
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
b
lo
o
d
an
d
th
e
r
ate
at
wh
ich
it
is
f
lo
win
g
[
2
8
]
.
Op
tical
co
h
er
en
ce
to
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
(
OC
T
)
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
to
q
u
an
tify
h
a
em
ato
cr
it
lev
els
an
d
R
B
C
co
u
n
ts
b
y
ex
am
in
in
g
t
h
e
o
p
tical
p
r
o
p
er
ties
an
d
f
lo
w
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
o
f
b
lo
o
d
with
in
ca
p
illar
ies
[
2
9
]
.
T
o
ac
h
iev
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
,
co
r
r
ec
t
esti
m
atio
n
n
ec
ess
itates
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
ca
lib
r
atio
n
ag
ain
s
t
s
tan
d
ar
d
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
s
u
ch
as
r
o
u
tin
e
b
lo
o
d
test
in
g
.
Sp
ec
tr
o
s
c
o
p
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
ca
n
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
v
a
r
iatio
n
s
in
s
k
in
p
ig
m
en
tatio
n
,
tis
s
u
e
co
m
p
o
s
itio
n
,
an
d
e
x
ter
n
al
f
ac
t
o
r
s
s
u
ch
as
am
b
ien
t
lig
h
t,
wh
ich
ca
n
im
p
ac
t th
eir
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
[
3
0
]
.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
is
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t
o
f
Hb
,
Hct,
an
d
RBC
co
u
n
t
is
cr
u
cial
in
p
ae
d
iatr
ic
th
er
ap
y
,
as th
ese
v
alu
es
in
d
icate
a
c
h
ild
'
s
o
v
er
all
h
ea
lth
,
ca
p
ac
ity
f
o
r
o
x
y
g
e
n
tr
an
s
p
o
r
t,
an
d
p
o
ten
tial
b
l
o
o
d
-
r
elate
d
is
s
u
es.
R
ec
o
g
n
is
in
g
an
d
m
an
a
g
in
g
an
ae
m
ia,
a
p
r
ev
ale
n
t
co
n
d
itio
n
th
at
ca
n
h
in
d
er
c
o
g
n
itiv
e
g
r
o
wth
an
d
d
ev
elo
p
m
e
n
t,
r
elies
o
n
m
o
n
i
to
r
in
g
Hb
lev
els
in
in
f
an
ts
an
d
y
o
u
n
g
ch
ild
r
en
.
Hig
h
l
ev
els
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
p
o
ly
cy
th
ae
m
ia,
d
e
h
y
d
r
atio
n
,
o
r
co
n
g
en
ital
h
ea
r
t
is
s
u
es,
wh
er
ea
s
lo
w
Hb
lev
els
m
ig
h
t
i
n
d
ic
ate
ir
o
n
d
ef
icien
cy
an
ae
m
ia,
th
alass
ae
m
ia,
o
r
ch
r
o
n
ic
illn
ess
es.
An
ae
m
ia
o
f
p
r
em
atu
r
ity
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
im
p
a
cts
p
r
eter
m
in
f
an
ts
,
m
ak
in
g
d
ilig
en
t
Hb
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
cr
u
cial
to
p
r
e
v
en
t
is
s
u
es
s
u
ch
as
h
y
p
o
x
ia
a
n
d
d
ev
el
o
p
m
e
n
tal
ab
n
o
r
m
alities
.
An
o
th
er
im
p
o
r
tan
t
m
ea
s
u
r
e
t
h
at
r
ef
lects
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
in
th
e
to
ta
l
b
lo
o
d
v
o
l
u
m
e
is
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
(
Hct)
.
Un
u
s
u
al
Hct
lev
els
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
b
l
o
o
d
lo
s
s
,
d
e
h
y
d
r
atio
n
,
o
r
is
s
u
es
with
b
o
n
e
m
ar
r
o
w.
Neo
n
atal
p
o
ly
cy
th
ae
m
ia,
in
d
ic
ated
b
y
elev
ated
Hct
lev
els in
in
f
an
ts
,
ca
n
lead
to
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
lo
o
d
v
is
co
s
ity
an
d
a
h
ig
h
er
r
is
k
o
f
th
r
o
m
b
o
s
is
o
r
is
ch
ae
m
ia.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
lo
w
Hct
lev
els
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
h
ae
m
o
ly
s
is
o
r
b
leed
in
g
,
n
ec
ess
itatin
g
p
r
o
m
p
t
clin
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
.
T
h
e
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
s
er
v
es
as
a
f
u
n
d
am
en
tal
in
d
icat
o
r
o
f
er
y
t
h
r
o
p
o
iesi
s
an
d
aid
s
in
th
e
id
e
n
tific
atio
n
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
l
o
g
ical
is
s
u
es.
Ab
n
o
r
m
al
R
B
C
co
u
n
ts
in
ch
il
d
r
en
m
a
y
in
d
icate
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
s
u
ch
as
h
ae
m
o
ly
tic
an
ae
m
ia,
s
ick
le
ce
ll
d
is
ea
s
e,
o
r
b
o
n
e
m
ar
r
o
w
in
h
ib
itio
n
.
A
lo
w
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
m
ay
s
u
g
g
est
ch
r
o
n
ic
d
is
ea
s
e
o
r
v
a
r
io
u
s
o
th
er
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
wh
er
e
as
a
h
ig
h
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
m
ig
h
t
in
d
icate
h
y
p
o
x
ia
o
r
h
eig
h
ten
ed
ac
tiv
ity
in
th
e
b
o
n
e
m
ar
r
o
w.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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I
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Vo
l.
15
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No
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5
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20
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ti
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b
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test
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ta
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d
a
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r
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u
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d
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a
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ce
t
o
s
m
all
c
h
il
d
r
e
n
an
d
n
ew
b
o
r
n
s
.
T
h
ese
o
p
er
ati
o
n
s
,
es
p
e
cia
ll
y
in
b
a
b
ies
w
h
o
s
e
v
ei
n
s
a
r
e
s
ti
ll
f
r
a
g
i
le
,
i
n
v
o
lv
e
r
is
k
s
in
cl
u
d
i
n
g
d
est
r
u
c
ti
o
n
o
f
t
is
s
u
e,
i
n
f
ec
t
io
n
,
o
r
h
a
r
m
.
Mo
r
e
o
v
e
r
,
l
o
w
b
l
o
o
d
v
o
l
u
m
es
i
n
in
f
a
n
ts
li
m
it
th
e
v
ar
iet
y
o
f
t
est
s
ac
c
ess
i
b
le
as
wel
l
as
t
h
e
ty
p
es
o
f
d
a
ta
t
h
a
t
m
ay
b
e
in
v
esti
g
at
e
d
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
li
ca
te
f
r
eq
u
en
t
s
a
m
p
li
n
g
.
O
n
t
h
e
o
t
h
er
h
a
n
d
,
s
p
e
ct
r
o
s
co
p
i
c
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
c
r
ea
s
e
p
a
tie
n
t
c
o
m
f
o
r
t
as
t
h
ey
a
r
e
p
a
in
less
a
n
d
f
r
e
e
o
f
i
n
v
asi
v
e
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es
.
T
h
ese
m
et
h
o
d
s
u
s
e
o
p
ti
ca
l
s
e
n
s
o
r
s
an
d
s
p
e
ci
f
ic
li
g
h
t
c
o
l
o
u
r
s
t
o
m
ea
s
u
r
e
h
a
em
o
g
l
o
b
i
n
,
h
ae
m
at
o
c
r
it
,
an
d
r
e
d
b
l
o
o
d
ce
l
l
a
b
s
o
r
p
t
io
n
a
n
d
r
e
f
le
cti
o
n
wit
h
o
u
t
b
l
o
o
d
s
a
m
p
les
.
C
o
n
s
ta
n
t
m
o
n
i
to
r
i
n
g
h
el
p
s
t
h
is
f
u
n
cti
o
n
,
esp
ec
iall
y
as
it
less
e
n
s
th
e
m
e
n
ta
l
a
n
d
p
h
y
s
ic
al
s
t
r
ess
e
x
p
e
r
i
en
ce
d
b
y
y
o
u
n
g
p
ati
e
n
ts
.
S
p
ec
t
r
a
l
to
o
ls
a
ll
o
w
o
n
e
t
o
v
iew
th
i
n
g
s
i
n
r
e
al
-
ti
m
e
,
s
o
th
ey
h
a
v
e
n
u
m
e
r
o
u
s
m
ai
n
b
e
n
e
f
i
ts
.
Un
l
ik
e
c
o
n
v
e
n
ti
o
n
al
b
lo
o
d
t
ests
th
at
m
u
s
t
b
e
h
an
d
l
ed
in
a
la
b
,
s
p
ec
tr
al
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
p
r
o
d
u
c
e
r
es
u
l
ts
r
i
g
h
t
a
wa
y
;
t
h
is
is
p
a
r
ti
c
u
la
r
l
y
v
i
tal
i
n
cr
itic
al
ca
r
e
s
ett
in
g
s
wh
e
r
e
d
e
cisi
o
n
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
t
a
k
e
n
q
u
i
ck
ly
.
F
o
r
e
x
a
m
p
le
,
n
e
wb
o
r
n
i
n
t
e
n
s
i
v
e
c
ar
e
u
n
it
(
N
I
C
U)
d
o
ct
o
r
s
m
ay
q
u
ic
k
l
y
s
p
o
t
an
d
tr
ea
t
d
is
o
r
d
e
r
s
li
k
e
h
y
p
o
x
ia
o
r
a
n
a
em
ia
b
y
co
n
t
in
u
o
u
s
ly
m
o
n
it
o
r
in
g
t
h
e
h
ae
m
o
g
l
o
b
i
n
an
d
h
ae
m
at
o
cr
i
t
lev
els
.
P
o
r
ta
b
l
e
s
p
e
ctr
o
s
co
p
i
c
to
o
ls
als
o
p
r
o
v
id
e
p
o
i
n
t
-
of
-
ca
r
e
test
i
n
g
in
a
r
e
as
h
a
r
d
t
o
ac
ce
s
s
o
r
l
ac
k
i
n
g
r
es
o
u
r
ce
s
b
y
th
ei
r
u
s
e
.
F
aste
r
d
ia
g
n
o
s
is
an
d
t
r
ea
tm
en
t
c
o
m
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
t
h
is
im
p
r
o
v
es
h
e
alt
h
c
ar
e.
T
h
is
tec
h
n
i
q
u
e
p
r
ese
n
ts
a
b
e
n
e
f
i
cia
l
s
u
b
s
ti
tu
te
f
o
r
c
o
n
v
en
ti
o
n
al
b
lo
o
d
tes
ts
,
e
s
p
e
cia
ll
y
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
s
te
r
s
w
h
o
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
v
u
ln
er
a
b
le
to
b
ei
n
g
i
n
j
u
r
e
d
,
s
i
n
ce
its
a
cc
u
r
a
cy
,
ea
s
e
o
f
u
s
e
,
a
n
d
p
a
tie
n
t
f
r
ien
d
l
in
ess
a
r
e
e
n
h
a
n
ce
d
.
2.
M
E
T
H
O
D
Data
co
llectio
n
at
N.
M.
Ho
s
p
ital,
E
r
o
d
e,
T
am
il
Nad
u
in
v
o
lv
es
th
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
s
p
ec
t
r
o
s
co
p
y
in
f
o
u
r
d
is
tin
ct
an
ato
m
ical
r
eg
i
o
n
s
s
u
ch
as
th
e
ea
r
l
o
b
e,
elb
o
w,
wr
is
t,
an
d
f
i
n
g
er
tip
f
o
r
th
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
ch
ar
ac
ter
is
tics
s
h
o
wn
in
T
ab
l
e
1
.
T
h
e
in
clu
s
io
n
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
ca
ll
f
o
r
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
in
all
ag
e
r
an
g
es
b
etwe
en
12
-
1
6
y
ea
r
s
.
E
x
clu
s
io
n
c
r
iter
ia
en
tail
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
t
h
e
d
at
a
f
r
o
m
n
o
n
-
co
o
p
er
ativ
e
c
h
ild
r
en
to
m
atch
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
tech
n
i
q
u
e
in
th
e
p
er
f
ec
t
s
u
p
in
e
p
o
s
itio
n
.
B
y
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
ese
cr
iter
ia,
f
in
ally
,
4
5
p
ar
ticip
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ts
’
d
ata
h
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e
b
ee
n
tak
en
in
t
o
ac
co
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n
t
f
o
r
an
aly
s
is
.
T
h
e
p
ar
ticip
an
t
t
r
aits
r
ev
ea
l
d
is
tin
ct
d
if
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er
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ce
s
in
h
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h
t,
weig
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e
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t
h
e
g
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p
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lts
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s
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s
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p
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7
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g
s
ize,
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
ch
ild
r
en
(
3
8
p
eo
p
le)
is
m
u
ch
b
ig
g
er
th
a
n
th
e
g
r
o
u
p
o
f
a
d
u
lts
(
7
p
eo
p
le)
.
T
h
is
cr
ea
tes a
m
o
r
e
s
u
b
s
tan
tial d
ataset
f
o
r
th
e
p
a
ed
iatr
ic
s
tu
d
y
.
T
ab
le
1
.
Par
ticip
an
t
c
h
ar
ac
ter
i
s
tics
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
’
s
A
d
u
l
t
s
H
e
i
g
h
t
1
1
5
.
1
2
±
1
4
.
0
1
1
5
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0
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±
7
.
9
0
W
e
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g
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t
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9
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6
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±
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.
0
7
4
0
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9
0
±
7
.
8
3
A
g
e
7
.
0
0
±
5
.
0
0
1
4
.
0
0
±
2
.
0
G
e
n
d
e
r
M
a
l
e
:
2
0
M
a
l
e
:
0
5
F
e
mal
e
:
1
8
F
e
mal
e
:
0
2
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
was
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
i
n
th
e
p
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o
f
th
e
c
h
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s
p
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ialis
t
in
N.
M.
Ho
s
p
ital.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
r
esear
ch
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
p
r
o
b
e
was
p
la
ce
d
o
n
ca
p
illar
ies
s
itu
ated
at
th
e
f
in
g
er
tip
,
ea
r
l
o
b
es,
wr
is
t,
an
d
elb
o
w
o
f
a
c
h
ild
to
ac
q
u
i
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
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tili
s
ed
in
th
i
s
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
co
m
p
r
is
ed
a
T
u
n
g
s
ten
h
alo
g
e
n
lig
h
t
s
o
u
r
ce
,
UV/VI
S/NIR
s
p
ec
tr
o
m
eter
an
d
r
ef
lectio
n
p
r
o
b
e.
T
o
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
s
tab
ilit
y
an
d
ac
cu
r
ate
p
lace
m
e
n
t
o
f
t
h
e
p
r
o
b
e,
we
em
p
lo
y
ed
a
p
r
o
b
e
h
o
ld
e
r
.
Utilizin
g
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
es
in
th
e
ab
o
v
e
-
m
en
tio
n
ed
ar
ea
s
ca
n
o
f
f
er
u
n
iq
u
e
ad
v
an
t
ag
es
an
d
p
o
s
e
d
is
tin
ct
ch
allen
g
es.
T
h
e
ea
r
lo
b
e'
s
th
in
s
k
in
en
ab
les
lig
h
t
to
p
en
etr
ate
m
o
r
e
ea
s
ily
,
h
en
ce
p
er
m
itti
n
g
p
r
ec
is
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
r
ea
d
i
n
g
s
.
T
h
e
ea
r
lo
b
e
r
em
ain
s
lar
g
ely
im
m
o
b
ile,
m
i
n
im
is
in
g
an
y
d
is
tu
r
b
an
ce
s
in
m
o
tio
n
d
u
r
in
g
t
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
ce
s
s
.
C
o
n
v
en
ien
tly
av
ail
ab
le
to
b
o
th
p
atien
ts
a
n
d
h
ea
lt
h
ca
r
e
p
r
ac
titi
o
n
er
s
.
Ho
wev
er
,
th
e
ea
r
lo
b
e
ca
n
e
x
h
ib
it
s
en
s
itiv
ity
to
v
ar
iatio
n
s
in
tem
p
er
atu
r
e,
wh
ic
h
ca
n
p
o
ten
t
ially
im
p
ac
t
b
lo
o
d
cir
cu
latio
n
a
n
d
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
lim
ited
s
p
ac
e
ca
n
r
estrict
th
e
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
s
en
s
o
r
s
,
th
u
s
af
f
ec
tin
g
th
e
q
u
a
lity
o
f
d
ata.
T
h
e
wr
is
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
s
a
r
ea
d
ily
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
an
d
h
an
d
y
lo
ca
tio
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
lace
m
en
t
o
f
wea
r
ab
le
elec
tr
o
n
ics
o
r
p
o
r
tab
le
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
i
c
s
en
s
o
r
s
.
T
y
p
ically
,
it
h
as
a
th
in
n
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er
m
is
an
d
n
o
ticea
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le
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l
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ich
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o
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g
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r
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s
p
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co
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ic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
.
T
h
e
r
ad
ial
ar
ter
y
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ich
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ea
s
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r
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m
en
ts
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h
e
f
in
g
e
r
tip
p
o
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a
b
u
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a
n
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lin
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ies.
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f
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ip
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ep
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is
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ab
les
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o
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g
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ar
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ily
av
ailab
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y
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tili
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in
p
o
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t
-
of
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ca
r
e
d
e
v
ices.
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th
e
s
en
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itiv
ity
o
f
f
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ip
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h
t
lea
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to
d
is
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m
f
o
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t
wh
e
n
m
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s
u
r
es
a
r
e
tak
en
f
r
eq
u
e
n
tly
.
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h
e
b
l
o
o
d
f
lo
w
a
n
d
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
o
f
m
ea
s
u
r
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en
ts
m
ig
h
t
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
t
h
e
m
o
v
em
en
t
o
r
p
r
ess
u
r
e
ex
er
ted
o
n
th
e
f
i
n
g
er
tip
.
T
h
e
elb
o
w
h
as
a
s
u
p
er
f
icial
v
ein
th
at
r
u
n
s
clo
s
e
to
th
e
s
k
in
.
Gen
er
o
u
s
r
o
o
m
f
o
r
s
en
s
o
r
p
o
s
itio
n
in
g
a
n
d
p
o
ten
tially
en
h
an
ce
s
r
ea
d
i
n
g
s
tab
ilit
y
,
h
av
in
g
v
is
ib
le
v
ein
s
at
th
e
elb
o
w
w
h
ich
ca
n
s
ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
R
ef
lecta
n
ce
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
is
a
v
alu
ab
le
tech
n
i
q
u
e
f
o
r
v
is
u
alis
in
g
v
ein
s
an
d
esti
m
atin
g
b
lo
o
d
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Valu
ab
le
f
o
r
ev
al
u
atin
g
b
lo
o
d
f
lo
w
an
d
o
x
y
g
en
atio
n
in
th
e
ar
ea
.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
m
o
d
u
le
o
f
o
u
r
r
e
s
ea
r
ch
,
it
is
ev
id
en
t
th
at
th
e
e
lb
o
w
p
o
s
itio
n
o
u
tp
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
o
th
er
p
o
s
itio
n
s
.
I
t
s
h
o
ws
th
e
lo
west
er
r
o
r
r
ate
an
d
th
e
h
ig
h
est
co
r
r
elatio
n
co
ef
f
icien
t,
in
d
icatin
g
s
u
p
e
r
io
r
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
cu
r
r
en
t
in
v
esti
g
atio
n
s
r
eg
ar
d
in
g
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
iles
will
p
r
io
r
itis
e
th
e
d
at
a
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
elb
o
w.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Me
asu
r
em
e
n
t setu
p
2
.
1
.
M
ea
s
urem
ent
pro
t
o
c
o
l
T
h
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
an
d
d
o
cu
m
en
tatio
n
en
co
m
p
ass
ed
an
th
r
o
p
o
m
etr
ic
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
in
itially
,
s
u
ch
as
th
e
s
u
b
ject'
s
h
eig
h
t,
weig
h
t,
a
g
e,
an
d
g
en
d
e
r
.
T
h
e
p
atien
t
w
as
d
ir
ec
ted
t
o
lie
i
n
a
s
u
p
in
e
p
o
s
itio
n
f
o
r
r
o
u
g
h
ly
5
m
in
u
tes,
en
s
u
r
in
g
im
m
o
b
ilit
y
an
d
m
ain
tain
in
g
s
till
n
ess
o
f
b
o
th
th
eir
b
o
d
y
a
n
d
h
a
n
d
s
.
T
h
en
p
er
f
o
r
m
th
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
to
tak
e
r
ef
lectio
n
m
ea
s
u
r
em
e
n
ts
u
s
in
g
Sp
ec
tr
a
Su
ite:
a.
Op
en
o
ce
a
n
v
iew
1
.
6
.
7
an
d
s
witch
to
welc
o
m
e
s
cr
ee
n
an
d
s
etu
p
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
a
p
p
li
ca
tio
n
wiza
r
d
s
,
th
en
click
th
e
R
ef
lectio
n
ico
n
to
b
eg
in
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
r
ef
lecta
n
c
e.
b.
E
n
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
e
n
tire
s
ig
n
al
is
o
n
s
ca
le,
en
co
m
p
ass
in
g
a
wav
elen
g
th
s
p
an
n
i
n
g
f
r
o
m
2
0
0
t
o
1
1
0
0
nm.
c.
C
h
o
o
s
e
ac
tiv
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
as th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
m
o
d
e
(
r
ec
o
m
m
en
d
ed
)
a
n
d
s
et
th
e
ac
q
u
is
itio
n
p
ar
am
eter
as,
−
I
n
teg
r
atio
n
tim
e:
au
to
m
atic
−
Scan
to
av
er
ag
e:
b
etwe
en
2
a
n
d
3
−
B
o
x
ca
r
wid
th
: 1
0
d.
T
ak
e
a
r
e
f
er
en
ce
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
wi
th
th
e
W
S
-
1
d
if
f
u
s
e
r
ef
lecta
n
c
e
s
tan
d
ar
d
b
ef
o
r
e
m
ea
s
u
r
in
g
r
ef
lectio
n
.
C
lick
th
e
s
to
r
e
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
.
T
h
is
co
m
m
an
d
m
er
ely
s
to
r
es a
r
ef
er
en
ce
s
p
ec
tr
u
m
in
m
em
o
r
y
.
e.
E
ith
er
b
lo
ck
th
e
lig
h
t
p
ath
t
o
th
e
s
p
ec
tr
o
m
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atin
g
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
f
r
o
m
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
is
a
p
r
e
v
alen
t
te
ch
n
iq
u
e
i
n
clin
ical
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
y
d
u
e
to
th
e
f
ir
m
ly
estab
lis
h
ed
co
r
r
elat
io
n
b
etwe
en
th
ese
two
v
ar
iab
les.
Hae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
co
n
ce
n
tr
ati
o
n
is
a
m
ea
s
u
r
e
o
f
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
i
n
th
e
b
lo
o
d
,
wh
e
r
ea
s
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
in
d
icate
s
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
r
tio
n
o
f
th
e
b
lo
o
d
v
o
lu
m
e
m
ad
e
u
p
o
f
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
.
T
h
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
a
em
o
g
lo
b
i
n
an
d
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
ca
n
b
e
u
tili
s
ed
t
o
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
o
n
e
v
alu
e
b
ased
o
n
th
e
o
t
h
er
u
s
in
g
a
r
elativ
ely
s
tr
aig
h
tf
o
r
wa
r
d
m
ath
em
atica
l
ex
p
r
ess
io
n
s
h
o
wn
in
(
6
)
.
[
]
=
3
×
(
6
)
E
q
u
atio
n
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
f
r
o
m
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
r
elies
o
n
th
e
as
s
u
m
p
tio
n
th
at
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
c
r
it
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
ea
ch
g
r
am
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
p
er
d
ec
ilit
r
e
o
f
b
lo
o
d
.
Hae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
ar
e
in
tim
ately
lin
k
ed
as
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
is
en
clo
s
ed
with
in
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
,
wh
ich
co
n
tr
ib
u
te
to
th
e
o
v
er
all
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
m
ea
s
u
r
e
m
en
t.
Un
d
e
r
n
o
r
m
al
p
h
y
s
io
l
o
g
ical
co
n
d
itio
n
s
,
th
er
e
is
u
s
u
ally
a
s
tab
le
r
atio
b
etwe
en
th
e
le
v
els
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
an
d
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
.
T
h
is
r
a
tio
is
f
r
eq
u
en
tly
e
m
p
lo
y
e
d
in
clin
ical
p
r
ac
tice
to
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ate
o
n
e
p
ar
am
eter
wh
en
th
e
o
th
er
is
alr
ea
d
y
k
n
o
wn
.
T
h
o
u
g
h
it
i
s
an
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
an
d
ca
n
b
e
er
r
o
n
e
o
u
s
in
s
o
m
e
cir
c
u
m
s
tan
ce
s
,
th
e
Hct
-
Hb
co
n
n
ec
tio
n
is
a
g
o
o
d
esti
m
ate
to
o
l.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
5
6
9
-
4
5
8
0
4576
3
.
3
.
E
s
t
im
a
t
io
n o
f
RB
C
f
ro
m
H
b
Hae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
is
lo
ca
ted
with
in
er
y
th
r
o
c
y
tes,
an
d
th
e
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
co
u
n
t
in
d
icate
s
th
e
q
u
an
tity
o
f
er
y
th
r
o
cy
tes in
a
s
p
ec
if
ic
b
lo
o
d
v
o
lu
m
e.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
Hb
an
d
R
B
C
ca
n
b
e
af
f
ec
ted
b
y
v
ar
iab
les
s
u
ch
as
th
e
av
e
r
ag
e
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
co
n
te
n
t
o
f
in
d
iv
id
u
al
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
,
co
m
m
o
n
ly
r
ef
er
r
ed
to
as
th
e
MCH.
E
s
t
im
atin
g
th
e
R
B
C
c
o
u
n
ts
b
ased
o
n
th
e
co
n
ce
n
tr
at
io
n
o
f
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
ca
n
b
e
b
en
ef
icial
in
clin
ical
s
ettin
g
s
f
o
r
r
ap
id
ev
alu
atio
n
s
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
wh
en
d
ir
ec
t
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
o
f
R
B
C
s
ar
e
u
n
av
ailab
le.
T
h
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ae
m
o
g
l
o
b
in
a
n
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
co
u
n
t
is
m
o
r
e
in
tr
icate
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
th
e
c
o
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
Hb
a
n
d
HC
T
.
Ho
we
v
er
,
a
r
o
u
g
h
ap
p
r
o
x
im
atio
n
ca
n
b
e
o
b
tain
e
d
b
y
u
tili
s
in
g
av
e
r
ag
e
d
ata
as
s
h
o
wn
in
(
7
)
.
[
R
B
C
]
(
in
m
i
l
l
i
o
n
s
m
i
cr
o
l
i
t
er
)
=
[
Hb
]
(
g
dL
)
×
10
Hb
co
n
t
en
t
(
g
RB
C
)
(
7
)
Utilis
in
g
th
e
co
r
r
elatio
n
b
etwe
en
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
in
c
o
n
ten
t
in
g
r
a
m
s
p
er
R
B
C
an
d
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
co
n
ce
n
tr
atio
n
is
a
v
alu
ab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
a
p
p
r
o
a
ch
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
in
clin
ical
ev
alu
atio
n
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
is
esti
m
atio
n
m
ay
b
e
u
s
ef
u
l,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
tak
e
in
to
ac
co
u
n
t
in
d
iv
id
u
al
v
ar
iab
ilit
y
an
d
th
e
clin
ical
s
itu
atio
n
to
ac
cu
r
atel
y
in
ter
p
r
et
it.
T
h
e
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
f
o
r
esti
m
atin
g
R
B
C
co
u
n
t
r
elies
o
n
th
e
ass
u
m
p
tio
n
o
f
a
co
n
s
tan
t
MCH
v
alu
e,
wh
ich
m
ay
n
o
t
b
e
s
u
itab
le
in
v
ar
io
u
s
clin
ical
s
itu
atio
n
s
s
u
c
h
as
an
ae
m
ia,
h
ae
m
o
ly
tic
d
is
ea
s
es,
d
eh
y
d
r
atio
n
,
o
r
in
in
f
an
ts
.
I
n
in
cr
ea
s
in
g
l
y
co
m
p
lex
clin
ical
s
ce
n
ar
io
s
,
th
e
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
th
ese
ca
lcu
latio
n
s
ca
n
b
e
e
n
h
an
ce
d
b
y
u
tili
s
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
m
eth
o
d
o
lo
g
ies an
d
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
y
p
r
o
f
iles
.
4.
RE
SU
L
T
AND
DI
SCUS
SI
O
N
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
ass
ess
th
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
n
ess
o
f
esti
m
ated
v
alu
es
f
o
r
Hb
,
Hct,
an
d
R
B
C
lev
els,
it
i
s
e
s
s
en
tial
to
co
m
p
ar
e
th
e
r
ea
l
Hb
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
lab
o
r
ato
r
y
test
in
g
with
t
h
o
s
e
esti
m
ated
u
s
in
g
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
asiv
e
o
r
in
d
ir
ec
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es,
s
u
ch
as
r
ef
lecta
n
ce
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
.
T
h
e
esti
m
ated
v
alu
es
o
b
tain
ed
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
am
p
les
ar
e
tak
en
f
r
o
m
th
e
elb
o
w
ar
ea
s
p
ec
if
ically
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
o
th
er
p
a
r
am
eter
s
an
d
th
e
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
in
g
p
lo
ts
ar
e
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
es 6
t
o
8.
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
Hb
Vs.
esti
m
ated
Hb
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
HC
T
Vs.
esti
m
ated
HC
T
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
f
o
r
r
e
g
r
ess
io
n
an
aly
s
is
ar
e
cr
u
cial
t
o
ev
alu
ate
h
o
w
well
a
m
o
d
el
p
r
ed
icts
th
e
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
o
u
tco
m
es.
T
h
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
R
2
f
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
Hb
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
0
.
9
7
6
with
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
1
8
an
d
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
ed
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
2
3
.
T
h
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
R
2
f
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
HC
T
is
f
o
u
n
d
t
o
b
e
0
.
9
7
8
2
with
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
l
u
te
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
5
2
an
d
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
d
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
7
0
.
T
h
e
co
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
ete
r
m
in
atio
n
R
2
f
o
r
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
R
B
C
is
f
o
u
n
d
to
b
e
0
.
9
7
2
with
m
ea
n
ab
s
o
lu
te
er
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
7
2
an
d
r
o
o
t
m
ea
n
s
q
u
ar
e
d
e
r
r
o
r
o
f
0
.
0
9
4
.
W
h
en
ass
ess
in
g
th
e
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
a
n
d
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
a
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
test
in
class
if
y
in
g
t
h
e
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
g
r
o
u
p
,
it
is
cr
u
cial
to
co
m
p
r
eh
e
n
d
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
ce
o
f
tr
u
e
p
o
s
itiv
e,
tr
u
e
n
eg
ativ
e,
f
a
ls
e
p
o
s
itiv
e,
an
d
f
alse
n
eg
ativ
e.
T
h
ese
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
ea
s
u
r
es
ar
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
ev
alu
atin
g
th
e
test
'
s
p
er
f
o
r
m
a
n
ce
.
Data
en
h
a
n
ce
m
en
ts
ar
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
to
d
ec
r
ea
s
e
th
e
o
cc
u
r
r
en
ce
o
f
in
co
r
r
ec
t
r
esu
lts
wh
ich
also
im
p
r
o
v
es th
e
o
v
er
all
p
r
ec
is
io
n
o
f
d
iag
n
o
s
is
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2088
-
8
7
0
8
A
n
o
n
-
d
estr
u
ctive
a
p
p
r
o
a
c
h
f
o
r
esti
ma
tio
n
o
f H
b
,
HC
T a
n
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
lls
u
s
in
g
…
(
P
.
Di
vy
a
b
h
a
r
a
th
i
)
4577
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
th
e
ac
tu
al
R
B
C
Vs.
est
im
ate
d
R
B
C
T
h
e
g
iv
en
d
ata
in
T
a
b
le
2
,
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
p
ar
am
eter
s
f
o
r
th
e
esti
m
atio
n
o
f
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics
s
u
ch
as
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
e
cisi
o
n
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
an
d
s
p
ec
if
ic
ity
in
id
en
tif
y
in
g
h
ae
m
o
g
lo
b
i
n
,
h
ae
m
at
o
cr
it
,
an
d
r
ed
b
lo
o
d
ce
ll
co
u
n
t
u
s
in
g
a
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
d
iag
n
o
s
tic
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
s
u
b
jects
an
d
s
am
e
h
as b
ee
n
g
iv
e
n
in
T
a
b
le
3
.
T
ab
le
2
.
C
o
n
f
u
s
io
n
m
atr
ix
o
b
t
ain
ed
f
o
r
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
a
l su
b
jects
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
To
t
a
l
n
o
.
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
Hb
H
c
T
R
B
C
Tr
u
e
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
(
TP)
24
17
09
Tr
u
e
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
(
TN
)
10
14
23
F
a
l
se
P
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
(
F
P
)
02
01
00
F
a
l
se
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
(
F
N
)
09
13
13
T
h
e
s
tatis
tical
an
aly
s
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
to
1
1
in
d
icat
es
th
at
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
o
d
el
ef
f
ec
tiv
ely
id
en
tifie
s
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ca
te
g
o
r
y
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
f
r
o
m
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
,
with
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
a
cc
u
r
ac
y
.
T
h
er
e
ar
e
o
n
ly
a
f
ew
in
s
tan
ce
s
wh
er
e
th
e
m
o
d
el
in
co
r
r
ec
tly
p
r
e
d
icts
n
o
r
m
al
p
ar
ticip
an
ts
as a
b
n
o
r
m
a
l,
s
lig
h
tly
im
p
ac
tin
g
o
v
er
all
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
T
h
is
ac
cu
r
ac
y
ca
n
b
e
f
u
r
th
er
en
h
an
c
ed
b
y
r
em
o
v
in
g
o
u
tlier
s
u
s
in
g
p
r
ep
r
o
ce
s
s
in
g
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
es.
Ho
wev
e
r
,
th
e
m
o
d
el'
s
r
o
b
u
s
t
ca
p
ab
ilit
y
to
ac
cu
r
ately
class
if
y
ab
n
o
r
m
al
p
ar
ti
cip
an
ts
u
n
d
e
r
s
co
r
es
its
p
o
ten
tial a
s
a
v
alu
ab
le
p
r
e
-
s
cr
ee
n
in
g
to
o
l
f
o
r
d
is
ea
s
e
id
en
tific
atio
n
th
at
r
elies o
n
b
l
o
o
d
t
ests
.
T
ab
le
3
.
Per
f
o
r
m
an
ce
m
etr
ics f
o
r
Hb
,
Hct
a
n
d
R
B
C
H
a
e
ma
t
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
P
a
r
a
me
t
e
r
s
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
e
M
e
t
r
i
c
s
A
c
c
u
r
a
c
y
P
r
e
c
i
s
i
o
n
S
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
S
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
i
t
y
Hb
7
5
.
5
6
%
9
2
.
3
0
%
7
2
.
7
2
%
8
3
.
3
3
%
H
c
T
6
8
.
8
9
%
9
4
.
4
4
%
5
6
.
6
6
%
9
3
.
3
3
%
R
B
C
7
1
.
7
7
%
1
0
0
.
0
0
%
4
0
.
9
0
%
1
0
0
.
0
0
%
T
h
e
I
_
N
(
Hb
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
n
o
r
m
al
ca
te
g
o
r
y
o
f
Hb
i
n
g
m
/d
l,
an
d
its
lev
el
is
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
t
h
e
in
v
asiv
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
I
_
A(
Hb
)
.
Als
o
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
i
n
v
asiv
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
NI
_
N(
Hb
)
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
NI
_
A(
Hb
)
p
r
e
d
icted
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
T
h
e
I
_
N
(
HC
T
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
cr
it
in
p
er
ce
n
tag
e
,
an
d
its
lev
el
is
h
ig
h
er
th
a
n
th
e
i
n
v
asiv
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
h
ae
m
at
o
cr
it
I
_
A(
HC
T
)
.
Als
o
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
o
r
m
al
NI
_
N
(
HC
T
)
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
NI
_
A(
HC
T
)
p
r
ed
icted
u
s
in
g
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
h
ig
h
l
y
co
r
r
elate
d
with
t
h
e
in
v
asiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
T
h
e
I
_
N
(
R
B
C
)
d
en
o
tes
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
r
ed
b
l
o
o
d
ce
lls
in
m
ill
i
ce
ll
s
p
er
m
illi
m
e
tr
e
cu
b
e,
an
d
its
lev
el
is
h
ig
h
e
r
th
an
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
h
ae
m
a
to
cr
it
I
_
A(
R
B
C
)
.
Al
s
o
,
th
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
n
o
r
m
a
l
NI
_
N(
R
B
C
)
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
NI
_
A(
R
B
C
)
p
r
ed
i
cted
u
s
in
g
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
is
h
ig
h
ly
co
r
r
elate
d
with
th
e
in
v
asiv
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
ts
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
s
9
to
1
1
,
I
t
h
as
b
ee
n
o
b
s
er
v
ed
th
at
th
e
o
v
e
r
all
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
p
r
e
d
ictio
n
is
h
ig
h
f
o
r
ch
ild
r
e
n
u
n
d
er
th
e
ag
e
o
f
1
2
,
an
d
th
e
s
am
e
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
n
o
s
is
o
f
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
ile
wh
ic
h
r
eq
u
ir
es
f
o
r
co
n
tin
u
o
u
s
m
o
n
ito
r
in
g
i
n
ca
s
e
o
f
d
en
g
u
e,
an
ae
m
ia
an
d
o
th
er
d
is
ea
s
es with
o
u
t a
n
y
b
lo
o
d
lo
s
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
0
8
8
-
8
7
0
8
I
n
t J E
lec
&
C
o
m
p
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
15
,
No
.
5
,
Octo
b
e
r
20
25
:
4
5
6
9
-
4
5
8
0
4578
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
C
o
m
p
a
r
is
o
n
b
etwe
e
n
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
p
r
ed
icted
Hb
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
ab
n
o
r
m
al
ca
te
g
o
r
y
o
f
p
r
ed
icte
d
HcT
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
.
C
o
m
p
ar
is
o
n
b
etwe
en
n
o
r
m
al
an
d
a
b
n
o
r
m
al
ca
teg
o
r
y
o
f
p
r
e
d
icted
R
B
C
5.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
e
co
n
v
e
n
tio
n
al
m
eth
o
d
o
f
c
o
n
d
u
ctin
g
b
lo
o
d
test
s
u
s
in
g
n
ee
d
les
m
ig
h
t
in
d
u
ce
an
x
iety
,
p
ar
ticu
lar
ly
in
y
o
u
n
g
s
ter
s
wh
o
h
av
e
a
f
ea
r
o
f
n
ee
d
les.
I
n
f
ec
tio
n
s
s
eld
o
m
o
cc
u
r
at
b
lo
o
d
e
x
tr
ac
tio
n
s
ites
.
Failu
r
e
to
ap
p
l
y
p
r
ess
u
r
e
af
ter
r
em
o
v
in
g
th
e
n
ee
d
le
m
ig
h
t
lead
to
s
u
b
s
tan
ti
al
b
leed
in
g
.
T
o
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
s
e
r
estrictio
n
s
,
th
e
non
-
in
v
asiv
e
r
e
f
lecta
n
ce
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
ic
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
e
f
f
ec
tiv
e
in
esti
m
atin
g
h
ae
m
at
o
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
s
u
ch
as
Hb
HC
T
an
d
R
B
C
in
p
atien
ts
.
T
h
e
c
o
ef
f
icien
t
o
f
d
eter
m
in
atio
n
in
id
en
tif
y
in
g
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
is
0
.
9
7
6
in
esti
m
atin
g
Hb
,
0
.
9
7
8
2
i
n
esti
m
atin
g
HC
T
an
d
0
.
9
7
2
in
esti
m
atin
g
R
B
C
.
T
h
e
s
tati
s
tical
an
aly
s
is
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ates
s
u
p
er
io
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icity
an
d
s
h
o
wca
s
es
th
e
p
o
ten
tial
ad
v
an
ce
m
e
n
ts
in
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
n
o
n
-
d
estru
ctiv
e
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
.
T
h
e
n
o
n
-
in
v
asiv
e
r
ef
lect
an
ce
s
p
ec
tr
o
s
co
p
y
tech
n
iq
u
e
is
m
o
r
e
s
u
cc
ess
f
u
l in
estab
lis
h
in
g
h
ae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
ar
am
eter
s
(
Hb
,
Hct,
a
n
d
R
B
C
)
in
ch
ild
r
en
r
at
h
er
th
an
ad
u
lts
.
C
h
ild
r
en
d
e
m
o
n
s
tr
ate
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
all
th
r
ee
cr
iter
ia
s
u
p
er
io
r
ac
cu
r
ac
y
,
p
r
ec
is
io
n
,
s
en
s
itiv
ity
,
an
d
s
p
ec
if
icity
.
T
h
is
im
p
lies
t
h
at
th
e
tech
n
iq
u
e
m
ay
b
e
p
ar
t
icu
lar
ly
u
s
ef
u
l
f
o
r
p
ae
d
iatr
ic
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
m
ay
b
e
d
u
e
to
p
h
y
s
io
lo
g
ical
v
ar
iatio
n
s
o
r
b
etter
ca
lib
r
atio
n
f
o
r
y
o
u
n
g
er
p
er
s
o
n
s
.
6.
L
I
M
I
T
AT
I
O
N
AND
F
U
T
U
RE
SCO
P
E
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
is
s
en
s
itiv
e
t
o
th
e
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
p
r
o
to
c
o
l,
w
h
ich
m
ak
es
it
ess
en
tial
to
s
tr
ictly
f
o
llo
w
th
e
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
etu
p
an
d
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t p
r
o
to
c
o
l.
T
h
e
s
lig
h
tly
in
ac
cu
r
ate
ca
lib
r
atio
n
o
f
d
ar
k
a
n
d
lig
h
t r
ef
er
en
ce
s
m
ay
r
ed
u
ce
th
e
o
v
er
all
ac
cu
r
ac
y
.
Usi
n
g
a
s
m
all
o
r
h
o
m
o
g
en
eo
u
s
s
am
p
le
lim
its
th
is
r
esear
ch
,
h
en
ce
th
e
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
o
f
th
e
m
o
d
el
co
u
ld
n
o
t
b
e
v
er
y
g
en
e
r
aliza
b
le
to
m
o
r
e
v
ar
ie
d
o
r
b
ig
g
er
p
o
p
u
latio
n
s
.
Hae
m
ato
lo
g
ical
p
r
o
f
iles
ch
an
g
e
with
ag
e,
eth
n
icity
,
an
d
u
n
d
er
ly
in
g
m
ed
ical
d
is
o
r
d
er
s
;
s
o
,
m
o
r
e
d
ata
a
r
e
n
ee
d
ed
f
o
r
m
o
r
e
g
en
e
r
al
th
er
ap
eu
tic
r
elev
a
n
ce
.
Fu
tu
r
e
r
es
ea
r
ch
m
ig
h
t
in
v
esti
g
ate
a
m
o
r
e
co
m
p
lete
p
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with
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ate,
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lip
id
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es,
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tr
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ly
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.
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