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ar
k
,
in
th
e
d
i
g
ital
a
s
s
et.
D
ig
i
tal
w
ater
m
ar
k
i
n
g
h
a
s
b
ee
n
a
g
r
e
at
to
o
l
to
m
o
n
it
o
r
th
e
u
n
a
u
t
h
o
r
ized
an
d
th
e
m
is
u
s
e
o
f
d
ig
ital
a
s
s
et
s
o
n
th
e
I
n
ter
n
et
[
6
]
.
Steg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
s
“
t
h
e
ar
t
an
d
th
e
s
cie
n
ce
o
f
i
n
v
i
s
ib
le
co
m
m
u
n
icat
io
n
”
[
7
]
.
T
h
is
s
u
b
-
d
is
cip
lin
e
i
s
co
n
ce
r
n
ed
w
it
h
h
id
i
n
g
t
h
e
co
m
m
u
n
icate
d
d
ata.
T
h
e
ter
m
s
te
g
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
is
co
m
p
o
s
ed
o
f
t
w
o
Gr
ee
k
w
o
r
d
s
Ste
g
a
n
s
a
n
d
Gr
ap
to
s
w
h
ic
h
tr
an
s
late
to
co
v
er
ed
an
d
w
r
iti
n
g
,
r
esp
ec
ti
v
el
y
d
e
f
in
in
g
th
e
ter
m
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
as
“
co
v
er
ed
w
r
iti
n
g
”.
I
n
th
e
d
i
g
ital
w
o
r
ld
,
th
er
e
ar
e
m
an
y
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at
s
t
h
at
ca
n
b
e
u
s
ed
as
a
d
ec
ei
v
i
n
g
co
v
er
to
h
id
e
th
e
co
m
m
u
n
ica
tio
n
i
n
s
teg
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
,
a
n
d
th
e
m
o
r
e
s
u
itab
le
o
n
e
s
ar
e
th
o
s
e
w
ith
a
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
[
8
]
.
R
ed
u
n
d
a
n
c
y
ca
n
b
e
d
e
f
in
ed
a
s
t
h
e
b
its
th
a
t
p
r
o
v
id
e
f
ar
g
r
ea
ter
ac
c
u
r
ac
y
th
a
n
n
ec
es
s
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
H
u
m
an
V
is
u
al
S
y
s
te
m
(
HVS)
.
T
h
u
s
,
I
m
ag
e,
v
i
d
eo
an
d
au
d
io
f
ile
f
o
r
m
ats
ar
e
t
h
r
ee
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
f
ile
f
o
r
m
at
s
f
o
r
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
d
u
e
to
th
eir
h
ig
h
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
r
ed
u
n
d
an
c
y
.
E
f
f
ec
ti
v
en
e
s
s
o
f
i
m
a
g
e
s
te
g
an
o
g
r
ap
h
y
i
s
b
ased
o
n
th
r
ee
e
s
s
e
n
tial
attr
ib
u
tes:
s
ec
u
r
it
y
,
i
m
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
,
an
d
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
.
Sec
u
r
it
y
eit
h
er
r
ef
er
s
to
h
o
w
s
tea
lth
y
t
h
e
co
v
er
i
m
ag
e
i
s
f
r
o
m
b
ein
g
e
x
p
o
s
ed
co
n
tai
n
i
n
g
a
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
o
r
h
o
w
r
o
b
u
s
t t
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
ec
r
et
m
es
s
a
g
e
is
b
ein
g
r
ev
e
aled
.
I
m
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
i
s
t
h
e
d
eg
r
ee
o
f
q
u
alit
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
v
er
i
m
ag
e
a
f
ter
it
i
s
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
w
it
h
t
h
e
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e,
also
ca
lled
th
e
s
te
g
o
i
m
ag
e.
Me
s
s
a
g
e
ca
p
ac
it
y
is
t
h
e
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
s
ec
r
et
m
es
s
ag
e
a
n
i
m
ag
e
ca
n
co
n
tai
n
.
Secr
et
m
es
s
a
g
e
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
m
et
h
o
d
s
in
s
teg
a
n
o
g
r
ap
h
y
ca
n
b
e
g
e
n
er
all
y
c
lass
if
ied
in
to
t
w
o
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
cla
s
s
es
:
f
r
eq
u
e
n
c
y
d
o
m
ai
n
an
d
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ain
.
L
ea
s
t
-
Sig
n
i
f
ica
n
t
-
B
it
(
L
SB
)
is
o
n
e
o
f
th
e
w
id
el
y
u
s
ed
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
tec
h
n
iq
u
e
i
n
s
p
atial
d
o
m
ai
n
,
h
o
w
ev
er
,
i
t i
s
p
r
o
n
e
to
attac
k
s
a
s
ill
u
s
tr
ated
i
n
[
9
]
,
[
1
0
]
.
W
h
en
a
s
ec
r
et
m
es
s
ag
e
i
s
s
u
s
p
ec
ted
,
th
e
p
a
y
lo
ad
ca
n
b
e
ea
s
il
y
ex
tr
ac
ted
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
i
m
ag
e,
as
t
h
e
L
SB
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
is
s
tr
aig
h
t
f
o
r
w
ar
d
.
I
n
th
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
w
i
ll
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
tech
n
iq
u
e
th
a
t
i
m
p
r
o
v
es
b
o
th
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
a
n
d
th
e
i
m
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
o
f
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
SB
in
s
er
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
is
i
m
p
r
o
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
u
n
-
p
atter
n
ed
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
b
ased
o
n
q
u
ad
r
atic
eq
u
at
io
n
s
.
T
h
e
i
m
p
r
o
v
e
m
en
t
i
n
th
e
i
m
p
er
ce
p
tib
ilit
y
i
s
ac
h
ie
v
ed
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
ar
tif
iciall
y
cr
ea
ti
n
g
a
n
as
s
ig
n
m
en
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
w
h
ich
w
ill
f
ac
i
litate
t
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
lea
s
t
n
o
is
y
(
b
it
c
h
an
g
e)
co
m
b
i
n
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
ed
co
v
er
i
m
a
g
e
a
n
d
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
ag
e
p
ar
ts
.
T
h
e
s
elec
tio
n
o
f
t
h
e
least
b
it
c
h
an
g
e
is
d
o
n
e
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
an
o
p
t
i
m
izatio
n
alg
o
r
it
h
m
ca
lled
Hu
n
g
ar
ia
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
I
n
t
h
is
p
ap
er
,
w
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
a
n
o
v
el
m
et
h
o
d
w
h
ic
h
,
w
h
e
n
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
L
SB
i
n
s
er
tio
n
,
p
r
o
v
id
es
m
o
r
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
f
o
r
t
h
e
e
m
b
ed
d
ed
s
ec
r
et
w
h
ile
m
ain
tain
in
g
t
h
e
q
u
a
lit
y
o
f
t
h
e
co
v
er
i
m
a
g
e.
T
h
e
c
o
n
tr
ib
u
tio
n
o
f
th
is
p
ap
er
is
th
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
d
y
n
a
m
ic
ir
r
eg
u
lar
an
d
u
n
-
p
atter
n
ed
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
a
s
w
e
ll
as
th
e
p
ar
titi
o
n
in
g
o
f
b
o
th
th
e
co
v
er
i
m
ag
e
a
n
d
t
h
e
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
a
n
d
f
i
n
d
in
g
t
h
e
b
est
a
s
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
b
y
e
m
p
lo
y
in
g
t
h
e
H
u
n
g
ar
ia
n
alg
o
r
ith
m
.
T
h
e
o
r
g
an
izatio
n
o
f
t
h
e
p
ap
er
is
as
f
o
llo
w
s
.
A
s
u
r
v
e
y
o
f
r
e
lated
w
o
r
k
i
n
t
h
e
li
ter
atu
r
e
is
g
i
v
en
i
n
Sectio
n
2
.
I
n
Sectio
n
3
,
w
e
w
i
ll
p
r
o
v
id
e
a
b
r
ief
i
n
tr
o
d
u
cto
r
y
to
th
e
as
s
i
g
n
m
e
n
t
p
r
o
b
le
m
a
n
d
h
o
w
to
ap
p
l
y
t
h
e
Hu
n
g
ar
ia
n
al
g
o
r
ith
m
.
Sectio
n
4
w
ill
s
h
o
w
ca
s
e
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
m
et
h
o
d
.
Fo
llo
w
i
n
g
t
h
at,
Se
ctio
n
5
w
il
l
a
n
al
y
ze
th
e
s
ec
u
r
it
y
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
em
b
ed
d
in
g
.
I
n
Sectio
n
6
,
w
e
w
ill
p
r
esen
t
o
u
r
ex
p
er
i
m
e
n
tal
r
es
u
l
ts
.
Fin
al
l
y
,
w
e
w
il
l
p
r
o
v
id
e
o
u
r
co
n
clu
s
io
n
i
n
Sect
io
n
7
.
2.
RE
L
AT
E
D
WO
RK
T
h
er
e
h
av
e
b
ee
n
s
e
v
er
al
d
i
f
f
e
r
en
t
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
es
to
s
ec
u
r
e
th
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
SB
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
in
th
e
liter
atu
r
e.
B
aile
y
an
d
C
u
r
r
an
in
[
1
1
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
an
L
SB
m
e
th
o
d
ca
lled
Steg
o
C
o
lo
r
C
y
cle
(
S
C
C
)
w
h
ich
alter
n
ates
b
it
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
in
d
i
f
f
er
en
t
c
h
an
n
el
s
.
W
h
ile
t
h
e
tr
ad
itio
n
al
L
SB
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
s
c
h
e
m
e
e
m
b
ed
s
o
n
all
th
r
ee
R
ed
,
Gr
ee
n
,
an
d
B
lu
e
(
R
GB
)
ch
an
n
els,
t
h
e
SC
C
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
to
h
id
e
th
e
s
ec
r
et
m
e
s
s
a
g
e
b
y
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
in
o
n
e
ch
a
n
n
el
i
n
ea
c
h
c
y
cle.
O
n
e
o
f
th
e
m
aj
o
r
li
m
itatio
n
o
f
th
is
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
is
t
h
e
s
y
s
te
m
ati
c
p
atter
n
it
cr
ea
te
s
w
h
e
n
e
m
b
ed
d
i
n
g
w
h
ich
m
ak
e
s
it
ea
s
ier
to
d
ec
o
d
e
o
n
ce
t
h
e
c
y
clic
e
m
b
ed
d
i
n
g
p
atter
n
is
f
o
u
n
d
.
J
a
m
il
et
al.
in
[
1
2
]
s
u
g
g
ested
u
s
in
g
r
a
n
d
o
m
izatio
n
w
h
ic
h
p
r
o
v
id
es a
s
ec
u
r
it
y
la
y
er
o
v
er
t
h
e
c
y
clic
e
m
b
ed
d
in
g
ap
p
r
o
ac
h
to
o
v
er
co
m
e
th
e
f
la
w
s
o
f
S
C
C
.
I
n
[
1
3
]
,
B
h
attac
h
ar
y
y
a
et
al.
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
w
h
ic
h
e
m
b
ed
s
s
ec
r
et
m
es
s
ag
eb
y
m
o
d
u
lati
n
g
ad
j
ac
en
t D
C
T
co
e
f
fi
cie
n
t d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
s
.
P
ar
v
ez
et
al.
in
[
1
4
]
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
a
P
ix
el
I
n
d
icato
r
T
ec
h
n
iq
u
e
(
P
I
T
)
,
w
h
ic
h
d
iv
id
es
th
e
c
h
a
n
n
els
o
f
t
h
e
R
GB
i
m
ag
e
i
n
to
d
ata
c
h
an
n
el
s
a
n
d
in
d
icato
r
c
h
a
n
n
el.
Fo
r
e
x
a
m
p
le,
if
t
h
e
i
n
d
icato
r
ch
a
n
n
el
is
th
e
2
-
L
SB
b
it
s
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2088
-
8708
I
J
E
C
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r
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1
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:
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ch
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ased
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Ko
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n
[
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d
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ased
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is
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s
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n
et
a
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in
[
1
9
]
s
h
o
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s
ed
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w
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2
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p
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m
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i
n
g
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d
2
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ea
ch
w
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as
a
u
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s
t
to
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ch
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o
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w
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l
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c
o
m
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!
tr
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to
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e
c
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cted
to
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r
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at
th
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Ku
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ith
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[
2
1
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to
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a
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ated
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Fi
g
u
r
e
1
an
d
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
(
1
)
Step
1
:
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r
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c
h
r
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w
,
s
u
b
tr
ac
t
th
e
m
i
n
i
m
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m
r
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m
al
l
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tr
ies
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r
o
w
,
a
n
d
as
a
r
e
s
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l
t,
all
r
o
w
s
h
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e
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e
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er
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en
t
r
y
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n
d
all
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tr
ie
s
o
f
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e
m
atr
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x
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e
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o
n
n
eg
a
tiv
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(
2
)
Step
2
:
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r
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ch
co
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m
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u
b
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t
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m
i
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h
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n
d
a
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a
r
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ll
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m
atr
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v
e
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least
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ze
r
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tr
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,
a
n
d
all
t
h
e
m
a
tr
ix
e
n
t
r
ies
ar
e
s
till
n
o
n
n
eg
at
iv
e.
(
3
)
Step
3
:
Dr
a
w
a
lin
e
ac
r
o
s
s
t
h
e
r
o
w
s
a
n
d
co
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m
n
s
i
n
a
w
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y
th
at
all
th
e
ze
r
o
s
i
n
t
h
e
m
atr
i
x
ar
e
co
v
er
ed
w
it
h
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
li
n
es
u
s
ed
.
(
4
)
Step
4
:
I
f
th
e
n
u
m
b
er
o
f
lin
e
s
d
r
aw
n
is
eq
u
al
to
n
th
en
t
h
e
o
p
tim
a
lit
y
te
s
t
is
co
m
p
lete,
h
o
w
e
v
er
i
f
it
is
lo
w
er
w
e
co
n
ti
n
u
e
to
s
tep
5
.
(
5
)
Step
5
:
Fi
n
d
t
h
e
s
m
alle
s
t
u
n
co
v
er
ed
en
tr
y
,
s
u
b
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it
f
r
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ies
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ad
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co
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t
w
ice.
T
h
en
g
o
b
ac
k
to
s
tep
3
.
No
te
th
at
t
h
er
e
ar
e
t
i
m
e
s
w
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en
t
w
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v
id
e
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e
s
a
m
e
to
tal
m
i
n
i
m
u
m
v
alu
e.
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
Hu
n
g
ar
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ates
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ates
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r
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Sin
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