I
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l J
o
urna
l o
f
Appl
ied P
o
wer
E
ng
i
neer
ing
(
I
J
AP
E
)
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
,
p
p
.
6
7
6
~
6
8
7
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
,
DOI
:
1
0
.
1
1
5
9
1
/ijap
e
.
v
14
.
i
3
.
pp
676
-
687
676
J
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na
l ho
m
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e
:
h
ttp
:
//
ija
p
e.
ia
esco
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e.
co
m/
Inv
estig
a
tion o
f
D
C
-
AC
conv
erte
r
c
o
ntrol tec
h
niques
with
enha
nced M
O
SF
ET
ga
te
driv
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lm
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ura
bit
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o
ua
zz
a
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Ak
a
a
bo
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a
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encha
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Art
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I
nfo
AB
S
T
RAC
T
A
r
ticle
his
to
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y:
R
ec
eiv
ed
Feb
6
,
2
0
2
4
R
ev
is
ed
Feb
2
0
,
2
0
2
5
Acc
ep
ted
J
u
n
2
3
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2
0
2
5
To
p
ro
m
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th
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u
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p
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taic
(P
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sy
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m
s
a
n
d
re
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it
i
s
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c
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to
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3
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8
P
m
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trati
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p
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K
ey
w
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s
:
A
T
m
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a3
2
8
P
DC
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C
co
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PV sy
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tem
s
PW
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co
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T
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Ap
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E
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co
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1.
I
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RO
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UCT
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Su
s
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ab
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at
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s
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u
m
p
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f
elec
tr
icity
wo
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ld
wid
e.
R
en
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b
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s
o
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r
ce
s
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s
u
ch
as
h
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o
p
o
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r
,
win
d
,
a
n
d
s
o
lar
(
p
h
o
to
v
o
lta
ic)
[
1
]
,
a
r
e
ess
en
tial
f
o
r
th
is
tr
an
s
itio
n
.
So
lar
p
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t
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g
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win
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ap
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ly
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s
ig
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t
in
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s
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p
ac
ity
co
m
p
ar
ed
to
p
r
ev
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u
s
y
ea
r
s
[
2
]
.
Or
ig
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n
a
lly
d
esig
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ed
to
p
o
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o
te
ar
ea
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p
h
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v
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ltaic
tech
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as
b
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m
e
a
cr
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s
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s
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ad
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d
ir
ec
tly
in
to
elec
tr
icity
th
r
o
u
g
h
s
o
lar
ce
lls
[
3
]
.
M
an
y
s
t
u
d
ies
h
a
v
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f
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u
s
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d
o
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ati
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m
s
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to
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I
E
E
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5
1
9
an
d
I
E
C
r
e
g
u
la
ti
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s
[
4
]
-
[
6
]
.
T
h
is
wo
r
k
d
is
cu
s
s
es
th
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d
esig
n
an
d
im
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tatio
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o
f
a
DC
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co
n
v
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r
ter
,
f
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cu
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im
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o
v
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ts
to
its
s
witch
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co
n
tr
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tech
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iq
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es
[
7
]
-
[1
0
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.
Par
ticu
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icien
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[1
1
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,
[
1
2
]
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Var
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tech
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m
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p
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in
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[1
3
]
.
T
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r
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in
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a
n
ew
PW
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co
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s
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s
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8
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m
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tim
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r
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n
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v
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m
o
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ics at
th
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f
ilter
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u
t
p
u
t
[1
4
]
-
[1
7
]
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f D
C
-
A
C
co
n
ve
r
ter co
n
tr
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l te
ch
n
iq
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es w
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d
MOS
F
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T
…
(
E
lmo
u
r
a
b
it B
o
u
a
z
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a
)
677
T
h
e
wo
r
k
is
o
r
g
an
ized
as
f
o
ll
o
ws:
Sectio
n
1
p
r
o
v
id
es
an
o
v
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v
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o
f
DC
-
AC
co
n
v
er
ter
s
an
d
r
elate
d
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.
Sectio
n
2
co
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s
th
e
PV sy
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
g
r
id
,
in
clu
d
in
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m
o
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s
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u
latio
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f
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d
th
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T
OSHI
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A
-
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.
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h
e
m
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an
ag
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tech
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q
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s
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is
e
co
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ts
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H
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t
h
e
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
.
T
h
e
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
f
ir
m
th
e
s
tr
ateg
y
'
s
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
r
ed
u
ctio
n
,
r
ep
r
esen
tin
g
a
s
ig
n
i
f
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
t in
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
en
er
g
y
c
o
n
v
e
r
s
io
n
s
y
s
tem
s
.
2.
DE
SCR
I
P
T
I
O
N
O
F
T
H
E
S
YST
E
M
A
ty
p
ical
s
etu
p
o
f
a
s
o
lar
PV
s
y
s
tem
co
n
n
ec
ted
t
o
th
e
el
ec
tr
ical
g
r
id
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
in
clu
d
es
an
i
n
d
u
cto
r
–
ca
p
ac
ito
r
–
in
d
u
cto
r
(
L
C
L
)
f
ilter
af
ter
a
s
tatic
DC
/AC
co
n
v
er
ter
tr
an
s
f
o
r
m
s
th
e
DC
p
o
wer
f
r
o
m
th
e
s
o
lar
PV
m
o
d
el
in
t
o
AC
elec
tr
icity
[
18
]
.
T
wo
MO
SF
E
T
d
r
iv
er
s
h
av
e
b
ee
n
d
esig
n
e
d
to
m
ak
e
it e
asier
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
in
v
er
ter
s
witch
es with
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
A
T
m
eg
a3
2
8
P
co
n
t
r
o
l b
o
a
r
d
.
2
.
1
.
DC/AC
co
nv
er
t
er
T
h
e
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
in
v
e
r
ter
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
illu
s
tr
ates
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
wi
th
f
o
u
r
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
MO
SF
E
T
s
witch
es
(
S1
,
S2
,
S3
,
S4
)
[
19
]
,
[
2
0
]
,
c
o
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
T
OSHI
B
A
-
T
L
P3
5
0
d
r
iv
e
r
an
d
a
n
AT
m
e
g
a3
2
8
P
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
.
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
e
r
m
i
c
r
o
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
l
e
r
AT
m
e
g
a
3
2
8
P
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
s
t
h
e
DC
f
r
o
m
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
p
h
a
s
e
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
i
n
t
o
A
C
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
s
e
s
s
e
n
t
ia
l
f
o
r
v
a
r
i
o
u
s
a
p
p
l
i
c
at
i
o
n
s
s
u
c
h
a
s
r
e
n
e
w
a
b
l
e
e
n
e
r
g
y
[2
1
]
.
T
a
b
l
e
1
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
s
wi
t
c
h
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
i
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
W
h
e
r
e
+
VC
C
i
s
t
h
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
a
n
d
–
V
C
C
i
s
t
h
e
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
e
s
u
p
p
l
y
v
o
l
t
a
g
e
.
Fig
u
r
e
1.
T
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PV
s
y
s
tem
'
s
g
r
id
-
co
n
n
ec
ted
c
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
Fig
u
r
e
2.
C
ir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
f
o
r
t
h
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
with
an
L
C
L
f
i
lt
e
r
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
7
6
-
687
678
T
ab
le
1.
Switch
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
in
v
er
ter
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
S
.
L.
S
w
i
t
c
h
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n
s
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
Vs
a
t
c
o
n
v
e
r
t
e
r
o
u
t
p
u
t
1
S
1
, S
2
, S
3
,
a
n
d
S
4
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
V
S
= 0
V
2
S
1
, S
4
a
r
e
c
l
o
se
d
a
n
d
S
2
, S
3
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
V
S
=
+
V
C
C
3
S
2
, S
3
a
r
e
c
l
o
se
d
a
n
d
S
1
, S
4
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
V
S
= −
V
C
C
4
S
1
, S
3
a
r
e
c
l
o
se
d
a
n
d
S
2
, S
4
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
S
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
l
o
a
d
5
S
2
, S
4
a
r
e
c
l
o
se
d
a
n
d
S
1
, S
3
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
S
h
o
r
t
-
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
l
o
a
d
2
.
2
.
Co
nv
er
t
er
s
wit
ches c
o
ntr
o
l st
ra
t
eg
y
To
p
r
e
v
en
t
s
im
u
ltan
eo
u
s
ac
tiv
atio
n
o
f
b
o
th
MO
SF
E
T
s
in
th
e
s
am
e
a
r
m
o
f
th
e
co
n
v
er
ter
,
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
ig
n
als
with
a
tim
e
d
elay
a
r
e
g
en
e
r
ated
,
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
o
n
e
s
witch
is
o
f
f
wh
ile
th
e
o
th
er
is
o
n
.
A
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
was
d
ev
elo
p
e
d
to
ac
h
iev
e
t
h
is
[2
2
]
.
T
h
is
s
ec
tio
n
d
etails
th
e
g
e
n
er
atio
n
o
f
in
v
er
ter
s
witch
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
u
s
in
g
PW
M,
wh
ich
cr
ea
tes
s
q
u
ar
e
wav
es
with
m
o
d
u
lated
d
u
ty
cy
cles
tailo
r
ed
to
r
eg
u
late
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
p
o
wer
cir
cu
it.
T
h
e
p
r
in
cip
le
in
v
o
lv
es
co
m
p
ar
in
g
a
tr
ian
g
u
lar
c
ar
r
ier
wav
e
with
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
m
o
d
u
latin
g
s
ig
n
al,
in
co
r
p
o
r
atin
g
a
3
μ
s
d
ela
y
th
r
o
u
g
h
th
e
"
on
d
elay
"
b
lo
ck
in
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
[2
3
]
-
[2
5
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
p
r
o
v
id
es a
v
is
u
al
r
ep
r
esen
tatio
n
o
f
th
is
s
tr
ateg
y
.
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l sch
em
e
with
elab
o
r
ate
d
ea
d
tim
e
2
.
3
.
P
r
o
po
s
ed
M
O
SFE
T
g
a
t
e
driv
er
dev
elo
pm
ent
To
ad
d
r
ess
th
e
ch
allen
g
es in
co
n
tr
o
llin
g
o
u
r
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
t
er
,
we
m
ad
e
s
ig
n
if
ican
t im
p
r
o
v
em
en
ts
to
th
e
T
OSHI
B
A
-
T
L
P3
5
0
in
teg
r
ated
cir
cu
it
to
b
etter
s
u
it
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
[2
6
]
.
T
h
e
m
o
d
if
icatio
n
s
t
o
th
e
cir
cu
it
in
clu
d
e
th
e
a
d
d
itio
n
o
f
a
0
.
1
µF
ce
r
am
ic
b
y
p
ass
ca
p
ac
ito
r
b
etwe
en
V
CC
an
d
GND,
wh
ich
s
tab
ilizes
th
e
lin
ea
r
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
T
OSHI
B
A
-
T
L
P3
5
0
an
d
e
n
h
an
ce
s
its
r
eliab
ilit
y
in
o
u
r
ap
p
licatio
n
.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
we
ad
j
u
s
ted
th
e
in
p
u
t
s
ig
n
al
V
F
,
g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
P
m
icr
o
c
o
n
tr
o
ller
,
to
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
s
tate.
I
t
is
cr
u
cial
th
at
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
is
s
ig
n
al
is
co
n
n
ec
ted
to
th
e
GND
p
in
o
f
t
h
e
co
n
tr
o
l
b
o
ar
d
,
a
n
d
th
e
g
r
o
u
n
d
o
f
th
e
T
OSHI
B
A
-
T
L
P3
5
0
a
n
d
th
e
lo
ad
ar
e
r
ef
er
en
ce
d
to
th
e
p
o
wer
s
u
p
p
ly
'
s
g
r
o
u
n
d
,
as
s
h
o
wn
i
n
Fig
u
r
e
4
.
T
h
e
cu
r
r
e
n
t
I
F
at
th
e
L
E
D
in
p
u
t
is
ap
p
r
o
x
im
ately
2
0
m
A,
w
ith
th
e
T
OSHI
B
A
-
T
L
P3
5
0
co
n
tr
o
lled
b
y
a
5
V
am
p
litu
d
e
s
ig
n
al
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
P,
wh
ile
th
e
L
E
D
v
o
ltag
e
is
0
.
8
V.
Acc
o
r
d
in
g
ly
,
we
ad
ju
s
ted
th
e
r
esis
tan
ce
1
u
s
in
g
(
1
)
.
1
=
−
0
,
8
(
1
)
T
h
ese
u
p
g
r
ad
es
h
av
e
b
ee
n
cr
u
cial
to
g
u
a
r
an
teein
g
th
e
T
L
P3
5
0
'
s
ac
cu
r
ate
an
d
d
e
p
en
d
a
b
le
o
p
er
atio
n
,
wh
ich
h
as
in
cr
ea
s
ed
o
u
r
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
'
s
to
tal
ef
f
icien
cy
.
T
h
e
ad
ap
tatio
n
s
m
ad
e
to
th
e
T
L
P3
5
0
allo
wed
it
to
o
p
tim
ally
m
ee
t
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
ic
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
co
n
tr
o
l
n
ee
d
s
wh
ile
m
in
im
izin
g
e
n
er
g
y
lo
s
s
es
an
d
e
n
s
u
r
in
g
s
y
s
tem
s
af
ety
[
27
]
.
Fig
u
r
e
4.
D
e
v
e
l
o
p
e
d
d
i
a
g
r
a
m
o
f
t
h
e
M
O
SF
E
T
g
a
t
e
d
r
i
v
e
r
c
i
r
cu
i
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f D
C
-
A
C
co
n
ve
r
ter co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
es w
ith
en
h
a
n
ce
d
MOS
F
E
T
…
(
E
lmo
u
r
a
b
it B
o
u
a
z
z
a
)
679
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
3
.
1
.
Sim
ula
t
i
o
n r
esu
lt
s
I
n
th
is
s
ec
tio
n
,
we
p
r
esen
t
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
r
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
d
escr
ib
ed
s
y
s
tem
,
wh
ic
h
in
clu
d
es
a
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
with
an
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
T
h
e
s
y
s
tem
is
s
p
ec
if
ically
d
esig
n
ed
f
o
r
g
r
id
-
c
o
n
n
e
cted
o
p
er
atio
n
,
an
d
th
e
l
o
ad
in
th
e
s
im
u
latio
n
s
r
ep
r
esen
ts
th
e
ele
ctr
ical
g
r
id
.
I
t
is
im
p
o
r
tan
t
to
n
o
te
th
at
r
ep
lacin
g
th
e
lo
ad
with
th
e
g
r
id
d
ir
ec
tly
is
n
o
t
f
ea
s
ib
le
with
o
u
t
a
d
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
y
an
d
s
y
s
tem
p
ar
am
eter
s
.
Fo
r
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
s
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
,
w
e
r
ep
lace
d
th
e
p
h
o
to
v
o
ltaic
(
PV)
m
o
d
u
le
with
a
DC
v
o
ltag
e
s
o
u
r
ce
.
Fig
u
r
es
5
an
d
6
h
ig
h
lig
h
t th
e
m
ain
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
.
At
th
e
co
r
e
o
f
th
is
s
ch
em
atic,
we
f
in
d
th
e
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
s
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
,
wh
ich
f
o
r
m
a
DC
/A
C
co
n
v
er
ter
.
T
h
eir
r
o
le
is
c
r
u
cia
l
f
o
r
en
e
r
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
Fu
r
t
h
er
m
o
r
e
,
b
o
th
f
ig
u
r
es
m
ain
ly
f
o
cu
s
o
n
t
h
e
s
ig
n
al
g
en
er
atio
n
b
lo
c
k
s
f
o
r
a
f
u
ll
wav
e
o
r
h
ig
h
-
f
r
eq
u
en
c
y
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l,
d
esig
n
e
d
an
d
m
o
d
eled
in
M
A
T
L
AB
/S
i
m
u
l
i
n
k
.
I
t
i
s
es
s
en
tial
to
n
o
te
th
at
th
ese
two
s
ch
em
atics
in
Fig
u
r
e
s
5
an
d
6
d
o
n
o
t
ex
p
licitly
r
ep
r
esen
t
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
two
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
s
,
o
n
e
f
o
r
ea
ch
ar
m
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e.
T
h
ese
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
s
ar
e
ess
en
tial
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
,
p
l
ay
in
g
a
k
ey
r
o
le
i
n
am
p
lify
in
g
p
o
wer
s
ig
n
als.
T
h
eir
m
ain
f
u
n
ctio
n
is
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
at
th
e
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
s
(
two
f
o
r
ea
ch
ar
m
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e)
o
p
er
ate
in
p
er
f
ec
t
h
ar
m
o
n
y
.
W
h
en
o
n
e
MO
SF
E
T
in
an
a
r
m
is
ac
tiv
ated
to
allo
w
cu
r
r
en
t
f
lo
w,
th
e
o
th
er
M
OSFET
in
th
e
s
am
e
ar
m
is
d
ea
ctiv
ated
to
b
lo
c
k
cu
r
r
en
t.
T
h
is
p
r
ec
is
e
co
o
r
d
in
at
io
n
is
v
ital f
o
r
g
en
er
atin
g
a
s
tab
le
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
alter
n
atin
g
v
o
lt
ag
e.
T
h
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
e
r
s
ar
e
c
o
n
tr
o
ll
ed
b
y
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
P
b
o
a
r
d
,
w
h
ich
s
er
v
es
as
th
e
in
ter
f
ac
e
b
etwe
en
th
e
s
o
f
t
war
e
(
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
)
an
d
th
e
h
a
r
d
war
e
p
ar
t
o
f
o
u
r
s
y
s
tem
.
T
h
is
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
p
b
o
ar
d
em
its
th
e
n
ec
ess
ar
y
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
to
ac
tiv
at
e
o
r
d
ea
ctiv
ate
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
s
in
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izatio
n
with
th
e
P
W
M
s
ig
n
als
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
s
o
f
twar
e
p
ar
t.
B
y
co
m
b
in
in
g
th
ese
elem
en
ts
,
th
e
s
y
s
tem
en
s
u
r
es
t
h
e
p
r
ec
is
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
i
n
v
er
ter
an
d
g
u
ar
an
tees
th
e
p
r
o
d
u
ctio
n
o
f
a
s
tab
le
an
d
r
eg
u
lated
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
elec
tr
ical
o
u
tp
u
t.
T
h
is
s
tu
d
y
in
v
o
lv
ed
s
im
u
latin
g
two
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
s
with
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
in
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
,
r
eq
u
i
r
in
g
ad
v
an
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
u
ctu
r
es
f
o
r
o
p
tim
al
s
witch
in
g
.
W
e
g
en
er
ated
two
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
u
lat
io
n
:
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
P
W
M.
Fu
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l
ac
tiv
ates
ea
ch
ar
m
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
f
o
r
h
alf
th
e
tim
e,
wh
ile
PW
M
o
f
f
er
s
f
in
er
co
n
tr
o
l
b
y
ad
ju
s
tin
g
th
e
p
u
ls
e
wid
th
.
T
h
e
PW
M
s
ig
n
al
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
c
o
m
p
a
r
in
g
a
tr
ia
n
g
u
lar
ca
r
r
ier
s
ig
n
al
with
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
r
ef
er
e
n
ce
,
as sh
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
Fig
u
r
e
7
p
r
esen
ts
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
o
u
r
s
im
u
latio
n
co
n
d
u
cted
u
s
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
.
T
h
e
PW
M1
s
ig
n
al
was
g
en
er
ated
u
s
in
g
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
al
-
tr
ian
g
u
lar
co
m
p
ar
is
o
n
m
eth
o
d
.
T
o
c
o
n
tr
o
l
th
e
o
th
er
two
s
witch
es
an
d
p
r
ev
en
t
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
its
,
a
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
PW
M2
s
ig
n
al
with
a
d
ea
d
tim
e
was
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
.
T
h
e
d
ea
d
tim
e
was
p
r
ec
is
ely
s
et
to
3
m
icr
o
s
ec
o
n
d
s
(
μ
s
)
u
s
in
g
Simu
lin
k
’
s
“
o
n
d
elay
”
b
lo
ck
.
T
h
is
co
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
an
d
th
ese
p
ar
am
eter
s
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
an
d
s
ec
u
r
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
te
r
s
witch
es,
en
s
u
r
in
g
o
p
er
atio
n
in
co
m
p
lian
ce
with
tech
n
ical
an
d
s
af
ety
r
eq
u
ir
e
m
e
n
ts
.
Fig
u
r
e
5.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
s
h
o
win
g
co
m
p
lem
e
n
tar
y
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
s
ig
n
als with
d
ea
d
tim
e
in
M
AT
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
7
6
-
687
680
Fig
u
r
e
6
.
C
ir
cu
it d
iag
r
am
illu
s
tr
atin
g
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
PW
M
s
ig
n
als with
d
ea
d
tim
e
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
in
MA
T
L
AB
/Si
m
u
lin
k
f
o
r
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
s
ig
n
als an
d
d
ea
d
tim
e
Ou
r
wo
r
k
'
s
m
ain
o
b
jectiv
e
is
to
ex
am
in
e
th
e
in
v
e
r
ter
'
s
o
u
tp
u
t
wav
ef
o
r
m
in
b
o
th
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
an
d
ev
alu
ate
its
q
u
ality
b
y
ca
lcu
la
tin
g
its
to
tal
h
ar
m
o
n
ic
d
is
to
r
tio
n
(
T
HD)
.
T
h
e
T
HD
m
u
s
t
b
e
k
ep
t
b
elo
w
5
%
i
n
ac
co
r
d
an
ce
with
I
n
ter
n
atio
n
al
E
lectr
o
tech
n
ical
C
o
m
m
is
s
io
n
(
I
E
C
)
g
u
id
elin
es
[
28
]
.
B
y
co
m
p
ar
in
g
th
e
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
ese
two
co
n
tr
o
l
p
atter
n
s
,
we
ca
n
b
etter
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
h
o
w
th
e
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l
d
if
f
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
th
e
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
in
ter
m
s
o
f
th
e
q
u
ality
o
f
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
in
v
er
ter
an
d
its
ab
ilit
y
to
m
ain
tain
T
H
D
with
in
th
e
lim
its
r
eq
u
ir
ed
b
y
in
te
r
n
atio
n
al
s
tan
d
ar
d
s
.
T
h
e
s
im
u
latio
n
r
esu
lts
f
o
r
b
o
th
in
v
e
r
ter
c
o
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ate
g
ies
ar
e
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
es
8
a
n
d
9
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
p
r
o
v
i
d
es
an
o
v
er
v
ie
w
o
f
t
h
e
T
HD
i
n
%
f
o
r
ea
c
h
c
u
r
r
en
t
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
T
o
ass
es
s
th
e
T
HD,
a
co
m
p
ar
ativ
e
s
im
u
latio
n
was
co
n
d
u
cted
b
etwe
en
two
co
n
tr
o
l
m
eth
o
d
s
(
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l
an
d
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
)
.
T
h
is
s
im
u
latio
n
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ated
a
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
r
e
d
u
ctio
n
in
T
HD
wh
en
u
s
in
g
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l,
d
ec
r
ea
s
in
g
f
r
o
m
684
.
11%
to
4
.
7
2
%
co
m
p
ar
e
d
to
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l.
T
h
is
is
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
es
10
(
a
)
an
d
1
0
(
b
)
.
I
n
ess
en
ce
,
t
h
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l
e
n
ab
les
th
e
g
en
e
r
atio
n
o
f
an
ele
ctr
ical
s
ig
n
al
with
s
u
b
s
tan
tially
r
ed
u
ce
d
d
is
to
r
tio
n
,
wh
ich
ca
n
b
e
a
d
v
an
tag
e
o
u
s
ac
r
o
s
s
v
ar
io
u
s
ap
p
licatio
n
s
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f D
C
-
A
C
co
n
ve
r
ter co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
es w
ith
en
h
a
n
ce
d
MOS
F
E
T
…
(
E
lmo
u
r
a
b
it B
o
u
a
z
z
a
)
681
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
8
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
f
u
ll wa
v
e
in
v
er
ter
:
(
a
)
o
u
t
p
u
t v
o
ltag
e
an
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
with
o
u
t f
ilter
L
C
L
an
d
(
b
)
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
with
f
i
lter
L
C
L
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
9
.
Simu
latio
n
r
esu
lts
o
f
th
e
PW
M
in
v
er
ter
:
(
a)
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
with
o
u
t
f
ilter
L
C
L
an
d
(
b
)
v
o
ltag
e
an
d
cu
r
r
en
t
with
f
i
lter
L
C
L
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
0
.
FFT
an
aly
s
is
of
th
e
f
ilter
ed
v
o
ltag
e
:
(
a
)
f
u
ll
-
wav
e
co
n
tr
o
l in
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
u
t
a
n
d
(
b
)
PW
M
co
n
tr
o
l in
v
er
ter
o
u
t
p
u
t
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
7
6
-
687
682
3
.
2
.
H
a
rdwa
re
im
plem
ent
a
t
io
n r
esu
lt
s
3
.
2
.
1
.
O
ptim
izing
dea
d t
im
e
in ex
perim
ent
a
l
P
WM
co
ntr
o
l
T
o
p
r
e
v
en
t
r
ea
l
-
tim
e
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
its
,
a
d
ea
d
tim
e
d
ela
y
b
et
wee
n
f
u
ll
MO
SF
E
T
s
witch
es
m
u
s
t
b
e
in
tr
o
d
u
ce
d
in
th
e
ex
p
e
r
im
en
ta
l
s
ettin
g
[
29
]
.
B
ased
o
n
th
e
lo
ca
tio
n
wh
er
e
th
e
two
cu
r
v
es
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
e
v
io
u
s
s
im
u
latio
n
in
ter
s
ec
ted
,
a
p
r
e
-
c
alcu
lated
p
r
o
g
r
am
was
cr
ea
ted
u
s
in
g
a
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
m
eg
a3
2
8
p
to
ad
d
r
ess
th
is
is
s
u
e,
as
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
7
.
As
s
ee
n
g
r
ap
h
ically
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
1
,
th
is
m
eth
o
d
en
ab
les
ac
c
u
r
ate
m
ea
s
u
r
em
en
t
o
f
PW
M1
s
ig
n
al
d
r
iv
i
n
g
an
d
b
lo
ck
in
g
tim
in
g
s
.
B
y
p
r
ev
en
ti
n
g
u
n
d
esire
d
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
its
a
n
d
g
u
ar
an
teein
g
id
ea
l
MO
SF
E
T
s
wi
tch
s
y
n
ch
r
o
n
izat
io
n
,
th
is
tech
n
iq
u
e
en
h
a
n
ce
s
s
y
s
tem
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
3
.
2
.
2
.
E
qu
ipm
ent
ens
em
ble f
o
r
ex
perim
ent
a
l
v
a
lid
a
t
io
n
A
s
et
o
f
es
s
en
tial
eq
u
ip
m
en
t
was
u
tili
ze
d
f
o
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
,
as
d
ep
icted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
2
.
T
h
is
en
s
em
b
le
in
clu
d
ed
a
c
o
m
p
u
ter
f
o
r
p
r
o
g
r
am
m
i
n
g
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
m
eg
a
3
2
8
p
a
n
d
r
u
n
n
in
g
MA
T
L
AB
/S
im
u
lin
k
.
T
h
is
b
o
ar
d
p
lay
ed
a
ce
n
tr
al
r
o
le
i
n
s
y
s
tem
co
o
r
d
in
atio
n
.
A
p
iv
o
tal
asp
ec
t
o
f
th
is
ex
p
er
im
en
t
in
v
o
lv
ed
en
h
an
cin
g
th
e
T
L
P3
5
0
in
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
it,
a
v
ital
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
f
o
r
am
p
lify
in
g
th
e
co
n
tr
o
l
s
ig
n
als
o
f
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
t
o
r
s
.
Fu
r
th
er
m
o
r
e,
we
e
n
g
in
e
er
ed
a
DC
/AC
co
n
v
er
ter
u
s
i
n
g
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
to
en
s
u
r
e
p
r
ec
is
e
el
ec
tr
ic
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
T
o
m
a
i
n
t
a
i
n
s
y
s
t
e
m
s
t
a
b
il
i
t
y
,
a
d
ed
i
c
a
t
e
d
p
o
w
e
r
s
u
p
p
l
y
w
a
s
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
,
d
e
li
v
e
r
i
n
g
c
o
n
s
t
a
n
t
v
o
lt
a
g
e
a
n
d
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
.
L
ast
l
y
,
a
n
o
s
c
il
l
o
s
c
o
p
e
m
o
n
i
t
o
r
e
d
r
e
a
l
-
t
i
m
e
s
i
g
n
a
ls
,
p
r
o
v
i
d
i
n
g
c
r
u
c
i
a
l
d
a
t
a
f
o
r
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
a
n
c
e
a
s
s
e
s
s
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
i
n
g
i
t
s
e
f
f
ec
t
i
v
e
n
es
s
u
n
d
e
r
r
ea
l
-
w
o
r
l
d
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
11.
I
n
ter
s
ec
tio
n
p
o
in
ts
o
f
th
e
two
s
i
g
n
a
l
s
Fig
u
r
e
12.
P
W
M
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
ter
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
v
alid
atio
n
3
.
2
.
3
.
Desig
n o
f
T
L
P
3
5
0
driv
er
circ
uit
f
o
r
H
-
bridg
e
inv
er
t
er
T
h
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
e
r
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
i
t
f
o
r
f
o
u
r
MO
SF
E
T
s
was
ca
r
ef
u
lly
d
esig
n
e
d
to
en
h
an
ce
t
h
e
T
L
P3
5
0
in
teg
r
ated
cir
c
u
it.
Sev
er
al
s
ig
n
if
ican
t
s
tep
s
wer
e
tak
en
in
th
is
co
m
p
lex
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e.
Firstl
y
,
th
e
cir
cu
it
d
iag
r
am
was d
esig
n
ed
with
g
r
ea
t c
ar
e
t
o
en
s
u
r
e
ac
cu
r
ac
y
an
d
ap
p
r
o
p
r
iaten
ess
f
o
r
th
e
in
ten
d
ed
ap
p
li
ca
tio
n
.
T
h
e
p
r
in
ted
cir
cu
it b
o
ar
d
(
PC
B
)
,
as illu
s
tr
a
ted
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
(
a
)
,
was c
ar
ef
u
lly
ar
r
an
g
e
d
to
o
p
tim
ize
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
T
h
e
f
o
llo
win
g
s
tep
s
wer
e
in
v
o
lv
ed
in
ass
em
b
lin
g
th
e
PC
B
f
o
r
th
e
g
ate
d
r
iv
er
co
n
tr
o
l
cir
cu
it:
i
)
p
r
ep
ar
in
g
a
n
d
in
s
p
ec
tin
g
all
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
,
ii
)
d
esig
n
in
g
an
d
v
er
if
y
in
g
th
e
PC
B
lay
o
u
t,
iii
)
p
lacin
g
c
o
m
p
o
n
en
ts
o
n
to
th
e
PC
B
,
iv
)
s
o
ld
er
in
g
co
m
p
o
n
en
ts
s
ec
u
r
ely
,
a
n
d
v
)
test
in
g
th
e
ass
em
b
led
P
C
B
.
T
h
is
th
o
r
o
u
g
h
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
ve
s
tig
a
tio
n
o
f D
C
-
A
C
co
n
ve
r
ter co
n
tr
o
l te
ch
n
iq
u
es w
ith
en
h
a
n
ce
d
MOS
F
E
T
…
(
E
lmo
u
r
a
b
it B
o
u
a
z
z
a
)
683
p
r
o
ce
d
u
r
e,
d
etailed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
(
b
)
,
en
s
u
r
e
d
all
n
ec
ess
ar
y
p
ar
ts
wer
e
in
teg
r
ated
to
ac
h
i
ev
e
p
r
ec
is
e
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
er
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
'
g
ates.
T
h
ese
ac
tio
n
s
d
em
o
n
s
tr
ate
th
e
d
ilig
en
t
ef
f
o
r
ts
m
ad
e
to
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
T
L
P3
5
0
in
teg
r
ated
c
i
r
c
u
i
t
.
3
.
2
.
4
.
Desig
n o
f
H
-
bridg
e
inv
er
t
er
Ou
r
ex
p
er
im
en
tal
s
in
g
le
-
p
h
ase
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
te
r
is
s
h
o
wn
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
4
an
d
was
b
u
ilt
f
o
ll
o
win
g
th
e
d
iag
r
am
in
Fig
u
r
e
2
.
T
wo
PW
M
s
ig
n
als,
o
u
r
ca
r
ef
u
l
d
esig
n
an
d
m
an
u
f
ac
tu
r
in
g
g
u
ar
a
n
tee
a
p
r
ec
is
e
f
it
to
o
u
r
s
p
ec
if
icatio
n
s
.
T
h
e
in
v
er
ter
'
s
ess
en
tial
p
o
s
itio
n
in
o
u
r
s
tu
d
y
is
s
tr
en
g
th
en
e
d
u
s
in
g
t
h
is
g
a
d
g
et,
wh
ic
h
e
n
ab
les
u
s
to
o
b
jectiv
ely
ass
ess
its
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
1
3
.
Desig
n
o
f
MO
SF
E
T
d
r
iv
er
s
:
(a
)
PC
B
f
ac
e
co
m
p
o
n
en
t
an
d
(
b
)
r
ea
l
cir
cu
it
of
d
r
i
v
e
r
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
14
.
Sin
g
le
-
p
h
ase
H
-
b
r
i
d
g
e
in
v
er
ter
d
e
s
i
g
n
:
(
a
)
p
r
o
t
o
t
y
p
e
a
n
d
(
b
)
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
l
s
et
u
p
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
14
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
25
:
6
7
6
-
687
684
3
.
2
.
5
.
E
x
perim
ent
a
l f
ind
ing
s
a
nd
da
t
a
a
na
ly
s
is
T
h
e
co
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
PW
M
s
ig
n
als,
wh
ich
a
r
e
ess
en
tial
to
th
e
o
p
er
atio
n
o
f
o
u
r
i
n
v
e
r
ter
,
wer
e
o
b
tain
ed
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
o
f
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
AT
m
eg
a
3
2
8
P
an
d
ar
e
d
etailed
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(
a
)
.
T
h
ese
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
p
r
ec
is
ely
g
en
e
r
ated
t
o
co
n
tr
o
l
th
e
4
MO
SF
E
T
tr
an
s
is
to
r
s
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
.
On
e
o
f
th
e
m
o
s
t
im
p
o
r
tan
t
asp
ec
ts
o
f
th
is
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
atio
n
is
th
e
p
r
esen
ce
o
f
a
p
r
ec
is
ely
ca
lcu
lat
ed
d
ea
d
tim
e
to
av
o
id
an
y
p
o
ten
tial
s
h
o
r
t
cir
c
u
it
b
etwe
en
M
O
S
F
E
T
s
.
Fig
u
r
e
1
5
(
b
)
p
r
o
v
id
es
a
zo
o
m
o
n
a
cr
u
cial
s
eg
m
en
t
o
f
th
e
P
W
M
s
ig
n
als
f
o
r
a
m
o
r
e
i
n
-
d
e
p
th
an
aly
s
is
o
f
th
is
d
ea
d
tim
e.
T
h
e
p
r
ec
is
e
d
u
r
atio
n
o
f
t
h
e
d
ea
d
tim
e
is
h
ig
h
lig
h
ted
in
th
is
f
o
cu
s
,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
its
ad
e
q
u
ac
y
to
en
s
u
r
e
th
e
co
r
r
ec
t
o
p
e
r
atio
n
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
s
af
ely
an
d
m
in
im
ize
th
e
r
is
k
s
o
f
m
alf
u
n
ctio
n
d
u
e
to
s
h
o
r
t
cir
cu
its
b
etwe
en
th
e
ar
m
s
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e.
T
h
ese
s
ig
n
als
ar
e
ess
en
tial
to
en
s
u
r
in
g
s
tab
le
an
d
ef
f
icien
t
elec
tr
ical
co
n
v
er
s
io
n
.
As
s
ee
n
in
F
ig
u
r
e
1
6
(
a
)
,
MO
SF
E
T
d
r
iv
er
s
p
r
o
d
u
ce
PW
M1
an
d
PW
M2
s
ig
n
als
with
co
m
p
lim
en
tar
y
f
o
r
m
s
th
at
ar
e
s
im
ilar
to
th
o
s
e
p
r
o
d
u
ce
d
b
y
th
e
m
icr
o
co
n
tr
o
ller
.
As
s
ee
n
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
6
(
b
)
,
th
ese
s
ig
n
als
u
s
e
o
p
tim
u
m
a
m
p
litu
d
es
an
d
a
p
r
ed
eter
m
in
e
d
d
ea
d
tim
e
t
o
r
eg
u
late
th
e
MO
SF
E
T
g
ates.
T
h
e
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
th
at
ar
e
ac
ce
s
s
ib
le
in
th
e
ea
r
lier
p
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ate
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u
r
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d
is
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t
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h
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ter
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tics
o
f
th
e
v
o
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ig
n
al
o
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tain
ed
e
x
p
er
im
en
tally
at
th
e
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u
tp
u
t
o
f
o
u
r
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v
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ter
d
esig
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ed
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u
t
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h
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u
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e
o
f
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e
L
C
L
f
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h
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al
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r
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as
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s
q
u
ar
e
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e,
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
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e
p
r
o
p
er
o
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e
r
atio
n
o
f
b
o
t
h
ar
m
s
o
f
o
u
r
H
-
b
r
i
d
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e,
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n
s
is
tin
g
o
f
4
MO
SF
E
T
tr
a
n
s
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to
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s
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I
t
m
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tain
s
th
e
am
p
litu
d
e
an
d
f
r
e
q
u
en
c
y
o
f
th
e
PW
M1
an
d
P
W
M2
s
ig
n
als
g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
T
L
P3
5
0
d
r
iv
er
s
d
ev
elo
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e
d
in
th
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
cir
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it.
C
o
n
v
er
s
ely
,
Fig
u
r
e
1
7
(
b
)
p
r
esen
ts
an
o
s
cillo
s
co
p
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t
tak
en
af
ter
ap
p
ly
in
g
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilter
.
T
h
is
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
t
r
ev
ea
ls
th
at
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
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s
ig
n
al
is
clo
s
er
to
a
s
in
u
s
o
id
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wav
ef
o
r
m
at
th
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ap
p
r
o
p
r
iate
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r
eq
u
en
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,
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e
r
eb
y
d
em
o
n
s
tr
atin
g
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h
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
o
f
th
e
f
ilter
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g
a
n
d
u
n
d
er
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co
r
in
g
th
e
s
ig
n
if
ica
n
ce
o
f
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M
co
n
tr
o
l
o
v
e
r
o
t
h
er
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n
t
r
o
l
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et
h
o
d
s
f
o
r
im
p
r
o
v
in
g
o
u
tp
u
t q
u
ality
.
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
15.
Sig
n
als g
e
n
er
ated
b
y
th
e
AT
m
eg
a
3
2
8
P
m
icr
o
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n
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ller
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a)
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o
m
p
lem
en
ta
r
y
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M
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ig
n
als
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d
(
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ap
t
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r
ed
d
ea
d
tim
e
f
o
r
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
(
a)
(
b
)
Fig
u
r
e
16.
Sig
n
als g
en
er
ated
b
y
th
e
d
r
i
v
er
s
T
L
P3
5
0
:
(
a)
c
o
m
p
lem
en
tar
y
PW
M
s
ig
n
als
an
d
(
b
)
c
ap
t
u
r
ed
d
ea
d
tim
e
f
o
r
s
af
e
o
p
er
atio
n
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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t J Ap
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n
g
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2252
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8
7
9
2
I
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tio
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f D
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ter co
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lmo
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r
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b
it B
o
u
a
z
z
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685
(
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(
b
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Fig
u
r
e
17
.
Oscill
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co
p
e
s
cr
ee
n
s
h
o
ts
o
f
th
e
H
-
b
r
id
g
e
in
v
er
te
r
o
u
tp
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t v
o
ltag
e:
(
a)
with
o
u
t
L
C
L
f
ilter
an
d
(
b
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af
ter
ap
p
ly
i
n
g
th
e
L
C
L
f
ilt
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4.
CO
NCLU
SI
O
N
T
h
is
ar
ticle
in
v
esti
g
ates
th
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o
n
tr
o
l
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h
n
iq
u
es
with
e
n
h
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ce
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T
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ate
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r
iv
e
r
.
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h
r
o
u
g
h
MA
T
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AB
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lin
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u
latio
n
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d
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tal
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we
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ig
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lig
h
t
t
h
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ad
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t
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o
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u
s
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p
u
ls
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th
m
o
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u
latio
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(
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co
n
tr
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er
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u
ll
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wav
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n
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eth
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cr
itical
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r
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r
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th
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en
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n
o
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n
tr
o
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ig
n
als
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y
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n
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eg
a
3
2
8
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m
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o
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n
tr
o
ller
,
wh
ich
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f
icien
tly
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r
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ar
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e
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d
th
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o
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en
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atio
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h
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n
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o
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o
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an
s
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to
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s
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r
ea
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p
r
o
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y
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e
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B
A
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5
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d
r
iv
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s
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wh
ich
lead
s
to
m
o
r
e
ef
f
ec
tiv
e
elec
tr
ical
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n
v
er
s
io
n
.
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d
itio
n
ally
,
b
y
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wer
i
n
g
v
o
ltag
e
h
ar
m
o
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ics,
an
L
C
L
f
ilter
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ig
n
if
ican
tly
im
p
r
o
v
es
th
e
o
u
tp
u
t
v
o
ltag
e'
s
q
u
ality
.
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o
ta
l
h
ar
m
o
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ic
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to
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tio
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HD)
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ig
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ican
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ce
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o
m
6
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m
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ativ
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im
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latio
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ll
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a
n
d
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n
tr
o
l,
co
n
f
ir
m
in
g
th
e
s
u
g
g
ested
co
n
t
r
o
l m
eth
o
d
'
s
ef
f
icac
y
in
en
h
a
n
cin
g
o
u
t
p
u
t sig
n
al
q
u
ality
.
T
h
ese
f
in
d
in
g
s
co
n
tr
i
b
u
te
to
a
d
ee
p
er
u
n
d
er
s
tan
d
in
g
o
f
in
v
e
r
ter
co
n
tr
o
l,
with
p
r
o
m
is
in
g
i
m
p
licatio
n
s
f
o
r
r
e
n
ewa
b
le
e
n
er
g
y
s
y
s
tem
s
.
L
o
o
k
in
g
ah
ea
d
,
f
u
tu
r
e
r
ese
ar
ch
co
u
ld
e
x
p
lo
r
e
ad
v
a
n
ce
d
co
n
tr
o
l
s
tr
ateg
ies,
s
u
ch
as
p
r
e
d
ictiv
e
c
o
n
tr
o
l
o
r
ar
tific
ial
in
tellig
en
ce
-
b
ased
tech
n
iq
u
es,
t
o
o
p
tim
ize
in
v
er
ter
p
er
f
o
r
m
an
ce
ev
e
n
f
u
r
th
er
.
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d
itio
n
ally
,
t
h
e
in
te
g
r
atio
n
o
f
en
er
g
y
s
to
r
ag
e
s
y
s
t
em
s
an
d
g
r
id
-
tied
co
n
f
ig
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r
atio
n
s
will
im
p
r
o
v
e
th
e
r
eliab
ilit
y
an
d
s
tab
ilit
y
o
f
p
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wer
s
y
s
tem
s
.
Ov
er
co
m
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g
ch
allen
g
es
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elate
d
to
s
ca
lab
ilit
y
an
d
co
s
t
-
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
in
r
ea
l
-
wo
r
ld
a
p
p
licatio
n
s
will b
e
ess
en
tial f
o
r
th
e
wid
esp
r
ea
d
ad
o
p
ti
o
n
o
f
th
ese
tech
n
o
lo
g
i
es.
F
UNDING
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NF
O
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M
A
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T
h
is
r
esear
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was
s
elf
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f
u
n
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ed
b
y
th
e
au
th
o
r
s
.
No
ex
ter
n
al
f
u
n
d
in
g
was
r
ec
eiv
ed
f
o
r
th
e
d
e
v
elo
p
m
en
t
o
f
th
is
wo
r
k
.
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u
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r
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Ak
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C
:
C
o
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Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.