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C
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c
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m
1.
I
NT
RO
D
UCT
I
O
N
T
h
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lar
g
e
d
eser
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in
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to
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to
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tr
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cle,
wh
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is
ex
tr
ac
ted
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th
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Ar
tesi
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m
ak
in
g
it
a
s
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r
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o
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e
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af
f
o
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d
ab
le
s
o
u
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ce
in
c
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m
p
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r
is
o
n
with
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ap
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ly
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ep
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o
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il
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Fo
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elec
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icity
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en
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d
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wate
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wh
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p
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[
1
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-
[
4
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.
Ag
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to
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tan
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it.
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g
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ically
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ap
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im
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1
0
-
1
5
k
W
is
s
u
f
f
icien
t [
5
]
-
[
9
]
.
I
n
s
tead
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t
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s
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r
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p
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wh
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ex
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wat
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p
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d
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p
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p
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aim
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to
p
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atica
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tr
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o
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wate
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wh
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ls
[
1
0
]
-
[
1
7
]
.
I
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th
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p
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s
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wate
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to
m
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q
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Fr
o
m
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wate
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n
ter
s
th
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wh
ee
l.
T
h
is
k
in
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o
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l
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
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will
b
e
test
ed
in
th
is
wo
r
k
o
n
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t w
ater
wh
ee
l
[
1
5
]
-
[
2
0
]
.
T
h
e
m
ajo
r
it
y
o
f
wate
r
w
h
ee
ls
,
co
m
m
o
n
ly
r
e
f
er
r
e
d
to
as
ju
s
t
"wa
ter
wh
ee
ls
,
"
ar
e
w
h
ee
ls
th
at
ar
e
p
o
s
itio
n
ed
u
p
r
ig
h
t
a
n
d
r
e
v
o
lv
e
ar
o
u
n
d
a
h
o
r
izo
n
tal
a
x
le.
T
h
e
s
e
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
ar
e
ca
teg
o
r
ized
b
ased
o
n
h
o
w
th
e
wate
r
is
d
ir
ec
ted
to
th
e
wh
ee
l
i
n
r
elatio
n
to
th
e
ax
le
[
1
8
]
-
[
2
1
]
.
As
o
n
e
m
ig
h
t
an
ticip
ate,
wat
er
wh
ee
ls
ar
e
r
ath
er
h
u
g
e
d
e
v
ices
th
at
r
o
tate
at
m
o
d
er
ate
r
o
tatio
n
al
s
p
ee
d
s
an
d
h
a
v
e
litt
le
ef
f
icien
cy
b
ec
a
u
s
e
o
f
f
r
ictio
n
al
lo
s
s
es
an
d
b
u
ck
ets
th
at
ar
e
n
o
t
en
tire
ly
f
u
ll
[
2
2
]
.
T
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
n
th
e
a
x
l
e
is
cr
ea
ted
b
y
th
e
wate
r
d
r
iv
i
n
g
u
p
o
n
th
e
b
u
ck
ets
o
r
p
r
o
p
eller
s
o
n
th
e
wh
ee
l,
b
u
t
th
e
wh
ee
l
'
s
s
p
ee
d
as
wel
l
as
ef
f
ec
tiv
en
ess
ca
n
b
e
in
cr
ea
s
ed
b
y
r
ed
ir
ec
tin
g
th
e
wate
r
at
th
ese
b
u
ck
ets
an
d
p
r
o
p
eller
s
f
r
o
m
v
ar
io
u
s
l
o
ca
tio
n
s
o
n
th
e
wh
ee
l.
T
h
e
two
m
o
s
t
p
r
ev
alen
t
co
n
f
ig
u
r
atio
n
s
f
o
r
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
ar
e
t
h
e
wate
r
wh
ee
l
th
at
is
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
t
a
n
d
t
h
e
wate
r
wh
ee
l w
ith
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
[
2
3
]
.
T
h
is
p
ap
er
p
r
esen
ts
a
p
r
o
p
o
s
e
d
ty
p
e
o
f
"
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l",
ac
co
r
d
in
g
to
t
h
e
s
y
s
tem
r
eq
u
ir
em
e
n
ts
in
th
e
cr
ash
s
tr
u
ctu
r
e,
an
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wa
ter
wh
ee
l
was
s
elec
t
ed
f
o
r
u
s
in
g
th
e
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
f
all
wate
r
in
th
e
p
r
esen
t
p
ap
er
.
T
h
e
ea
r
lier
m
o
d
el
o
f
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l
co
n
s
is
ts
o
f
t
welv
e
tr
ian
g
u
lar
b
u
ck
ets
f
asten
ed
to
th
e
r
im
o
f
th
e
o
p
tim
ized
wh
ee
l
d
es
ig
n
an
d
co
n
tr
o
l
[
2
4
]
.
Mo
v
i
n
g
f
r
ee
ly
alo
n
g
th
e
h
o
r
iz
o
n
tal
ax
is
is
wh
at
ea
ch
b
u
ck
et
d
o
es.
W
ater
is
p
o
u
r
ed
in
t
o
b
u
c
k
ets
an
d
th
e
n
d
r
o
p
p
ed
v
er
tically
in
to
t
h
e
ca
n
al.
T
h
e
wate
r
wh
ee
l
r
o
tates
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
b
u
ck
et
b
ein
g
f
u
ll
o
f
wa
ter
.
T
h
e
b
u
ck
ets
d
r
ip
wate
r
w
h
en
t
h
e
s
p
illag
e
an
g
le
is
s
m
all
(
φ1
)
,
clo
s
e
t
o
t
h
e
wh
ee
l'
s
r
im
;
co
n
tr
ar
y
,
n
o
wate
r
is
p
o
u
r
ed
.
I
t
was
b
eliev
ed
th
a
t
th
e
wh
ee
l
r
o
tates
a
m
ills
to
n
e
an
d
h
as
n
o
f
r
ictio
n.
A
p
er
f
ec
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l
is
n
o
t
a
r
ea
lity
,
wh
ich
is
wh
er
e
p
h
y
s
ical
r
ea
lity
an
d
m
ath
em
atica
l
m
o
d
elin
g
d
ev
iate
f
r
o
m
th
e
p
r
ac
tical
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
.
Fir
s
t,
s
wiv
el
b
u
ck
ets
wer
e
n
o
t
a
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
ac
tu
al
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
.
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
p
r
ev
e
n
t
wate
r
f
r
o
m
leak
in
g
o
u
t
wh
en
t
h
e
wh
ee
l
r
o
t
ated
,
th
e
ab
o
v
e
lay
o
u
t
was
u
s
ed
.
T
h
e
wate
r
s
p
illed
o
u
t
in
cr
ea
s
es
as
th
e
s
p
ill
an
g
le
(
φ)
in
cr
ea
s
es
b
ec
au
s
e
th
e
wh
ee
l's
r
im
i
s
d
iv
i
d
ed
in
to
s
ec
to
r
s
th
at
r
o
tate
wi
th
th
e
wh
ee
l
[
1
6
]
.
W
ater
f
alls
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
to
p
b
u
ck
ets
to
th
e
lo
we
r
b
u
ck
ets
an
d
s
p
ills
o
v
er
t
h
e
s
id
es
in
to
t
h
e
b
u
ck
ets
as
th
e
w
h
ee
l
r
o
tates
.
Den
n
y
p
er
f
o
r
m
ed
s
o
m
e
ad
ju
s
tm
en
ts
to
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l
d
esig
n
in
o
r
d
er
to
m
ak
e
it
m
o
r
e
ac
cu
r
ate.
First o
f
all,
s
wiv
el
b
u
ck
ets ar
e
n
o
t a
f
ea
tu
r
e
o
f
ac
tu
al
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
.
R
ath
er
,
as illu
s
tr
ated
in
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
th
e
wh
ee
l'
s
ed
g
e
is
d
iv
id
ed
in
t
o
p
a
r
ts
.
As
φ
g
r
o
ws,
m
o
r
e
wa
ter
f
lo
ws
o
u
t
b
ec
au
s
e
it
r
ev
o
l
v
es
with
th
e
wh
ee
l.
Ad
d
itio
n
ally
,
as
th
e
wate
r
r
u
s
h
es
in
to
th
e
b
u
ck
ets,
it
o
v
er
f
l
o
ws
o
v
er
th
e
e
d
g
es.
Den
n
y
'
s
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l
m
o
d
el'
s
ef
f
icien
cy
is
d
is
p
lay
ed
in
(
1
)
η
=
{1
+sin
(
φ)
}
/ {
2
+
v
2
/ (
2
g
R
)
}
[
24
].
Fig
u
r
e
1
.
L
a
b
o
r
ato
r
y
m
o
d
el,
p
r
o
to
ty
p
e
o
f
a
f
u
lly
f
u
n
ctio
n
al
h
y
d
r
o
elec
tr
ic
p
o
wer
s
tatio
n
wi
th
en
er
g
y
co
n
v
er
ter
2.
M
E
T
H
O
DO
L
O
G
Y
2
.
1
.
Desig
n o
f
o
v
er
s
ho
t
wa
t
e
r
wheels
Fo
r
en
er
g
y
g
en
er
ati
o
n
f
r
o
m
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
,
th
e
h
y
d
r
o
m
ec
h
an
ical
en
er
g
y
o
f
th
e
wate
r
ca
n
b
e
co
n
v
er
ted
in
to
elec
tr
icity
.
T
h
is
is
d
o
n
e
u
s
in
g
a
wate
r
p
o
wer
m
ac
h
i
n
e
an
d
a
g
e
n
er
ato
r
.
T
h
e
m
o
s
t
p
o
p
u
lar
k
in
d
o
f
wate
r
wh
ee
l
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
is
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
ty
p
e.
B
ec
au
s
e
it
u
s
es
b
u
ck
ets
o
r
tin
y
co
m
p
a
r
tm
en
ts
th
at
ca
p
tu
r
e
an
d
k
ee
p
wate
r
,
th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
e
el
is
m
o
r
e
in
tr
icate
ly
d
esig
n
ed
an
d
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
t
h
an
th
e
ea
r
li
er
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l.
W
ater
en
ter
s
th
ese
b
u
ck
ets f
r
o
m
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
wh
ee
l.
As th
e
em
p
ty
b
u
ck
ets o
n
th
e
o
p
p
o
s
ite
s
id
e
o
f
th
e
wh
ee
l
g
et
m
o
r
e
lig
h
tweig
h
t,
t
h
e
wh
ee
l
r
o
tates
ar
o
u
n
d
th
e
c
en
tr
al
ax
is
d
u
e
to
th
e
wate
r
'
s
g
r
av
ity
weig
h
t
in
th
e
co
m
p
letely
f
illed
b
u
ck
ets.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
5
:
5
6
0
-
568
562
Sin
ce
n
ea
r
ly
all
o
f
th
e
wate
r
a
n
d
its
en
tire
weig
h
t
is
em
p
lo
y
ed
to
g
en
er
ate
elec
tr
ical
p
o
we
r
,
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
ar
e
f
ar
m
o
r
e
ef
f
icien
t
th
an
u
n
d
er
s
h
o
t
d
esig
n
s
.
T
h
is
f
o
r
m
o
f
wate
r
wh
ee
l
u
s
es
g
r
av
ity
to
in
cr
ea
s
e
o
u
tp
u
t
in
a
d
d
itio
n
t
o
th
e
wate
r
its
elf
.
B
u
t
ju
s
t
lik
e
p
r
ev
io
u
s
ly
,
th
e
wate
r
'
s
en
er
g
y
is
o
n
ly
u
s
ed
o
n
ce
to
tu
r
n
t
h
e
wh
ee
l
b
ef
o
r
e
d
is
s
ip
atin
g
alo
n
g
with
th
e
r
em
ai
n
in
g
wate
r
.
U
s
u
ally
co
n
s
tr
u
cted
o
n
th
e
s
lo
p
es
o
f
h
ills
,
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
r
em
ain
s
u
s
p
en
d
e
d
o
v
er
a
r
iv
er
o
r
s
tr
ea
m
an
d
f
ee
d
wate
r
f
r
o
m
a
b
o
v
e
with
a
s
m
a
ll
h
ea
d
(
th
e
u
p
war
d
d
is
tan
ce
am
o
n
g
th
e
wate
r
at
t
h
e
v
er
y
to
p
an
d
th
e
s
tr
ea
m
o
r
r
iv
er
t
h
at
f
lo
ws
b
el
o
w)
o
f
f
iv
e
to
twen
ty
m
eter
s
.
Alth
o
u
g
h
th
e
wate
r
'
s
am
o
u
n
t,
n
o
t
its
r
ate
o
f
f
lo
w,
is
wh
at
co
n
tr
ib
u
tes
s
p
in
th
e
wh
ee
l,
a
tin
y
r
eser
v
o
ir
o
r
d
am
c
an
b
e
b
u
ilt to
ch
an
n
el
an
d
ac
ce
ler
ate
th
e
wate
r
to
th
e
to
p
o
f
th
e
wh
ee
l,
g
iv
i
n
g
it a
d
d
itio
n
al
en
er
g
y
.
Ov
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
ls
a
r
e
o
f
ten
co
n
s
tr
u
cte
d
as
b
i
g
as
f
ea
s
i
b
le
to
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
th
e
m
ax
im
u
m
h
ea
d
h
eig
h
t
n
ec
ess
ar
y
f
o
r
th
e
wate
r
'
s
g
r
av
ity
m
ass
to
s
p
in
th
e
wh
ee
l.
Ne
v
er
th
eless
,
b
ec
au
s
e
o
f
th
e
im
m
en
s
e
weig
h
t
o
f
th
e
wh
ee
l
an
d
wate
r
,
b
u
ild
in
g
an
e
n
o
r
m
o
u
s
d
iam
eter
wa
ter
w
h
ee
l
is
m
o
r
e
d
if
f
icu
lt
an
d
co
s
tly
[
1
3
]
.
T
h
e
wh
ee
l
s
p
in
s
in
th
e
co
u
r
s
e
o
f
th
e
wate
r
f
l
o
w
o
n
ce
ev
er
y
o
n
e
b
u
ck
ets
g
et
f
u
l
l
with
wate
r
d
u
e
to
t
h
e
wate
r
'
s
g
r
a
v
ity
m
ass
.
T
h
e
wate
r
in
th
e
b
u
ck
et
f
l
o
ws
in
to
th
e
r
iv
er
o
r
s
tr
ea
m
b
elo
w
as
t
h
e
an
g
le
o
f
r
o
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.
5
3
4
.
1
2
4
.
7
1
5
.
3
0
5
.
8
9
0
.
8
0
2
.
3
5
3
.
1
4
3
.
9
2
4
.
7
1
5
.
4
9
6
.
2
8
7
.
0
6
7
.
8
5
1
.
0
0
2
.
9
4
3
.
9
2
4
.
9
1
5
.
8
9
6
.
8
7
7
.
8
5
8
.
8
3
9
.
8
1
2
.
2
.
F
e
a
s
ibi
lity
co
ns
idera
t
io
ns
I
n
o
r
d
er
to
im
p
lem
en
t
a
s
m
all
h
y
d
r
o
p
o
wer
p
lan
t
u
s
in
g
o
v
er
s
h
o
t w
ater
w
h
ee
l,
th
e
b
asics
o
f
f
ea
s
ib
ilit
y
m
u
s
t
b
e
ascer
tain
ed
an
d
a
f
e
a
s
ib
ilit
y
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
m
ad
e.
Feasib
ilit
y
ass
e
s
s
m
en
t
is
b
a
s
ed
o
n
av
ailab
le
en
er
g
y
p
o
ten
tial a
n
d
s
tr
u
ctu
r
al
d
ev
el
o
p
m
en
t p
o
te
n
tial.
T
o
d
eter
m
in
e
th
e
en
er
g
y
p
o
te
n
tial,
lo
ca
l c
o
n
d
itio
n
s
s
u
ch
as th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
wate
r
an
d
th
e
u
s
ab
le
d
r
o
p
h
ei
g
h
t
m
u
s
t
b
e
r
ec
o
r
d
ed
in
o
r
d
er
to
b
e
ab
le
to
m
ea
s
u
r
e
th
e
s
y
s
tem
d
im
en
s
io
n
s
an
d
id
e
n
tify
t
h
e
d
if
f
er
en
t
p
ar
ts
o
f
th
e
s
y
s
tem
.
I
n
o
r
d
e
r
to
r
ec
o
r
d
th
e
am
o
u
n
t
o
f
wate
r
av
ailab
le,
a
h
y
d
r
o
g
r
ap
h
is
u
s
u
ally
p
r
e
p
ar
ed
in
a
h
y
d
r
o
elec
tr
ic
p
la
n
t
co
n
s
tr
u
ctio
n
.
T
h
e
d
is
ch
ar
g
e
d
u
r
atio
n
cu
r
v
e
h
as
th
e
s
am
e
v
o
lu
m
e
a
n
d
co
r
r
esp
o
n
d
s
to
th
e
v
o
lu
m
es o
f
wate
r
d
ep
leted
in
th
e
o
b
s
er
v
atio
n
p
er
io
d
.
A
r
ad
iu
s
with
r
esp
ec
t
to
th
e
v
er
tical
ax
is
d
ef
in
es
th
e
p
r
o
p
o
s
ed
o
v
er
s
h
o
t
wate
r
wh
ee
l.
Al
l
v
alu
es
o
f
alp
h
a
(
α
)
ca
n
b
e
m
ea
s
u
r
ed
an
d
co
m
p
ar
ed
u
s
in
g
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
So
,
t
h
e
en
tr
y
i
n
to
th
e
wate
r
wh
ee
l
a
n
d
d
u
e
to
th
e
s
h
o
v
el
p
r
o
f
ilin
g
co
u
ld
th
en
r
esu
lt
in
a
n
y
alp
h
a
=
α
max
.
B
ec
au
s
e
s
o
m
e
α
=
α
max
s
ee
s
th
at
it
is
n
o
t
q
u
ite
ac
cu
r
ate
h
er
e
in
th
e
tim
e,
b
u
t
th
e
wate
r
is
e
x
p
e
cted
to
leav
e
th
e
s
h
o
v
els
g
r
ad
u
ally
,
b
u
t
f
o
r
th
e
s
im
p
le
ca
lc
u
latio
n
o
f
t
h
is
wate
r
wh
ee
l,
th
e
ca
lcu
latio
n
b
ased
o
n
elec
tr
ical
o
r
elec
tr
o
m
a
g
n
etic
in
d
u
ctio
n
is
n
o
t
c
o
n
s
id
er
ed
in
t
h
is
s
tu
d
y
.
T
h
en
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
is
g
iv
en
a
cc
o
r
d
in
g
t
o
th
e
d
ef
i
n
itio
n
o
f
t
h
e
to
r
q
u
e
as
2
r
a
d
iu
s
(
R
2
)
.
T
h
e
r
ad
iu
s
o
f
th
e
wate
r
m
u
s
t b
e
d
eter
m
in
e
d
,
alo
n
g
wit
h
th
e
f
o
r
ce
,
wh
ich
is
also
r
elativ
ely
s
im
p
le
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
SS
N
:
2
2
5
2
-
8
7
9
2
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
,
Vo
l.
1
4
,
No
.
3
,
Sep
tem
b
er
20
2
5
:
5
6
0
-
568
564
Fig
u
r
e
3
.
E
n
er
g
y
h
y
d
r
au
lic
wo
r
k
s
: th
e
o
v
er
s
h
o
t w
ater
wh
ee
l
So
,
th
e
f
o
r
ce
o
f
weig
h
t
(
.
s
in
)
is
co
n
s
id
er
ed
in
th
e
d
ir
ec
tio
n
o
f
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
an
d
at
th
is
p
o
in
t,
th
e
an
g
le
(
s
in
)
ap
p
lies
th
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t u
n
til
it
b
ec
o
m
es
e
v
id
en
t
t
h
at
th
is
h
o
ld
s
tr
u
e
at
th
is
p
o
s
itio
n
.
I
n
t
h
e
ze
r
o
s
tate,
th
er
e
will
b
e
n
o
to
r
q
u
e
o
n
th
e
wh
ee
l
s
h
af
t.
W
h
en
th
e
wate
r
s
tar
ts
f
lo
win
g
o
n
to
t
h
e
wh
ee
l
b
lad
es,
a
to
r
q
u
e
is
ex
er
ted
o
n
th
e
s
h
af
t
as
th
e
wei
g
h
t
is
p
u
lled
s
tr
aig
h
t
d
o
wn
.
T
h
er
ef
o
r
e,
th
e
to
r
q
u
e
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
i
n
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
at
an
y
an
g
le
alp
h
a,
o
n
ly
th
at
t
h
is
an
g
le
is
d
i
s
tr
ib
u
ted
b
etwe
en
α
=
0
an
d
α
=
α
max
.
T
h
er
e
is
n
o
t
ju
s
t
o
n
e
an
g
le,
b
u
t a
ls
o
a
wh
o
le
r
an
g
e
o
f
an
g
l
es f
r
o
m
0
t
o
α
max
,
wh
ich
m
u
s
t
b
e
tak
en
in
t
o
ac
co
u
n
t a
s
f
o
llo
ws.
2
.
3
.
T
he
t
o
rque
Fro
m
Fig
u
r
e
1
,
it c
a
n
b
e
s
ee
n
th
at
th
e
m
ass
d
if
f
er
e
n
ce
ap
p
ea
r
s
s
lig
h
tly
in
th
e
ar
ea
o
f
t
h
e
an
g
le
α
,
as i
f
th
is
an
g
le
in
r
ad
ian
s
wer
e
alwa
y
s
eq
u
al
to
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
.
Mu
ltip
l
y
th
e
a
n
g
le
s
eg
m
e
n
t
is
th
e
ar
c
l
en
g
th
,
s
o
h
er
e
alp
h
a
is
ac
tu
ally
th
e
ar
c
len
g
th
.
=
.
.
(
3
)
So
,
if
m
u
ltip
ly
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
ti
o
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
ese
b
lad
es,
th
at
is
len
g
th
tim
es
ar
ea
ar
c
len
g
t
h
tim
es
th
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
ar
ea
o
f
th
e
wate
r
wh
ee
l.
T
h
e
v
o
l
u
m
e
s
to
r
e
d
wate
r
v
o
lu
m
e
an
d
wh
ich
tak
es
th
e
d
en
s
ity
tim
es
is
th
e
p
ass
th
at
lies
in
an
an
g
le
p
iece
.
First,
th
e
m
o
m
en
t
h
as
to
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
,
wh
ich
is
m
ass
o
r
weig
h
t
tim
es
r
a
d
iu
s
,
an
d
u
p
o
n
it,
α
max
f
ilter
s
h
av
e
t
o
in
teg
r
ate
th
e
a
n
g
le
r
a
n
g
e
b
etwe
en
0
an
d
α
max
.
M
T
=
.
.
=
∫
.
.
2
.
(
)
0
(
4
)
=
.
.
2
.
(
1
−
)
(
5
)
T
h
i
s
m
u
s
t
b
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
at
e
d
o
v
e
r
t
h
e
a
n
g
l
e
r
a
n
g
e
b
e
t
w
ee
n
0
a
n
d
α
,
s
o
R
2
t
h
a
t
is
t
h
e
m
as
s
o
f
R
2
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
c
a
l
c
u
la
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
t
o
r
q
u
e
i
n
1
,
i
.
e
.
,
(
R
2
s
i
n
α
)
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
e
d
b
e
t
w
e
e
n
0
a
n
d
α
m
ax
,
t
h
a
t
i
s
(
1
–
c
o
s
α
)
f
o
r
α
=
0
,
i
n
(
2
)
a
n
d
(
3
)
.
I
f
s
i
n
α
i
s
i
n
te
g
r
a
l
c
o
s
α
a
n
d
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
to
t
h
e
i
n
t
e
g
r
a
t
i
o
n
v
a
l
u
e
0
,
t
h
e
r
e
i
s
c
o
s
1
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
e
a
n
s
(
1
–
c
o
s
α
max
).
3.
RE
SU
L
T
S AN
D
D
I
SCU
SS
I
O
N
T
h
e
r
esu
lt
is
th
e
f
lo
w
th
at
i
s
alwa
y
s
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
tim
es
s
p
ee
d
b
y
r
eso
lu
tio
n
.
T
h
e
s
p
ee
d
h
er
e
is
th
e
o
r
b
ital sp
ee
d
o
f
th
is
o
u
ter
a
r
ea
,
as
in
(
6
)
.
=
.
=
ρ
.
g
.
Q
.
R
(
1
−
c
os
α
)
(
6
)
W
h
er
ea
s
th
e
s
tatio
n
ar
y
o
p
er
ati
n
g
ca
s
e
(ω
stat
)
,
is
g
iv
e
n
b
y
(
7
)
.
=
ρ
.
g
.
R
(
1
−
os
α
)
(
7
)
T
h
e
cr
o
s
s
-
s
ec
tio
n
al
f
lo
w
o
f
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
c
o
m
p
a
r
tm
en
ts
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
an
g
u
lar
v
elo
city
m
u
ltip
lied
b
y
th
e
r
ad
iu
s
,
th
e
f
illi
n
g
o
f
th
e
i
n
d
iv
id
u
al
p
ar
ts
o
f
a
g
iv
en
f
lo
w
c
an
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
Fin
ally
,
a
b
o
u
t
th
e
ef
f
icien
cy
th
at
will
b
e
th
e
p
o
wer
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e,
ab
o
u
t
th
e
cu
r
r
en
t
p
o
wer
e
f
f
icien
cy
o
f
s
u
ch
a
tu
r
b
in
e
th
at
af
ter
m
ak
in
g
a
n
attem
p
t
to
s
k
ip
th
e
r
is
e
tim
es
in
th
e
r
aw
f
lo
w
tim
es,
th
e
f
lo
w
tim
es
h
ea
d
tim
es,
an
d
b
y
co
n
f
ig
u
r
in
g
th
e
en
tire
tu
r
b
in
e
s
y
s
tem
to
o
p
er
ate
with
a
lar
g
e
d
elta
H.
Af
ter
th
at,
th
e
h
eig
h
t
o
f
th
e
f
all
f
r
o
m
th
e
o
v
er
all
ef
f
icien
cy
o
f
th
e
tu
r
b
in
e
ca
n
b
e
ca
lcu
lated
.
T
ak
e
ad
v
an
tag
e
o
f
t
h
e
tu
r
b
in
e
p
o
wer
a
n
d
t
h
e
cu
r
r
en
t
im
p
a
ct
f
o
r
ce
o
f
th
e
g
ain
f
lo
w,
an
d
t
h
en
tak
e
o
u
t f
r
o
m
h
er
e
.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.
I
n
t J Ap
p
l Po
wer
E
n
g
I
SS
N:
2252
-
8
7
9
2
Op
timu
m
co
n
tr
o
l a
n
d
d
esig
n
o
f a
s
ma
ll h
yd
r
o
p
o
w
er p
la
n
t f
o
r
a
g
r
icu
ltu
r
e
…
(
Ja
ma
l
A
h
me
d
Ha
mee
d
)
565
=
.
.
.
(
8)
=
(
1
−
)
(
9
)
T
hus
,
ar
r
iv
i
n
g
at
th
e
f
all
h
eig
h
t
,
wh
ich
is
n
o
m
o
r
e
th
a
n
u
s
in
g
th
e
d
elta
f
allin
g
h
eig
h
t/cu
r
r
en
t f
allin
g
h
eig
h
t.
=
=
Δ
H
Δ
h
(
1
0
)
W
h
er
e
P
T
is
th
e
to
tal
p
o
wer
an
d
f
lo
w
p
o
wer
P
F
Su
ch
a
tu
r
b
in
e
ca
n
h
av
e
a
r
el
ativ
ely
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8
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[
1
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K
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B
I
O
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RAP
H
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F
AUTH
O
RS
Dr
.
J
a
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l
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m
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k
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g
ra
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a
ted
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h
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iz
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c
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m
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n
imd
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c
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.
Evaluation Warning : The document was created with Spire.PDF for Python.